TWI632027B - Grinding wheel, surface grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a grinding wheel and a surface grinder, which can suppress the occurrence of chatter marks and the like on the surface of a material to be ground during surface grinding. Therefore, the grinding wheel used in the surface grinder includes: a plurality of first spiral grooves provided on the outer peripheral surface; and a plurality of second spiral grooves provided on the outer peripheral surface, each of the plurality of second spiral grooves being respectively different from the plurality of first Spiral grooves cross. The surface grinder includes the grinding wheel. In addition, the surface grinder further includes a movable stage having a sliding surface that slides with the fixed surface, and the sliding surface may have a small number of pits formed periodically and continuously along the moving direction of the movable stage.

Description

Grinding wheel, surface grinder

The present invention relates to a grinding wheel and the like used in a surface grinder.

Conventionally, a grinding wheel (rotary grinding wheel) used in a surface grinder is known. For example, see Patent Document 1 and the like.

(Prior technical literature) (Patent Literature)

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-226634

Grinding wheels can become clogged as they are used, resulting in reduced grinding performance. Therefore, there may be a case where a dressing operation (sharpening operation) for regenerating grinding performance is performed.

In the dressing operation, for example, a dresser equipped with a single-point diamond is used to form a notch (dressing groove) on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel that is smaller than the outer diameter of the abrasive particles (for example, about several μm to several tens of μm). Specifically, the dresser is connected Touch the rotating wheel and move back and forth along the width of the wheel. According to this dressing operation, a spiral-shaped dressing groove is generated on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel by moving the dressing machine forward in the width direction, and a spiral-shaped another dressing groove that intersects with a dressing groove is generated by the return motion. One trimming slot. In other words, by crossing one of the trimming grooves and the other trimming grooves, a bottom having a substantially rhombic shape, that is, a substantially quadrangular pyramid-shaped peak (hereinafter, referred to as a trimming peak) is generated.

However, on the grinding wheel regenerated by this dressing operation, the dressing peak generated due to the intersection of one dressing groove and the other dressing groove is generated only at two angles of 180 ° symmetry in the circumferential direction (that is, the rotation direction). position. Therefore, in the case of surface grinding using a grinding wheel, the material to be cut is ground near the apex of the trimming peak. Therefore, the peak is not trimmed relative to the part that is periodically trimmed by the trimming peak as the grinding wheel rotates The cutting range is widened, and there is a possibility that ripples (flutters) are generated on the surface of the material to be cut.

Then, in view of the said subject, it is an object of this invention to provide the grinding wheel and surface grinder which can suppress generation | occurrence | production of chatter marks etc. on the surface of a to-be-cut material during surface grinding.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment provides a grinding wheel, which is a grinding wheel for a surface grinder, which includes: a plurality of first spiral grooves provided on an outer peripheral surface; and a plurality of second spiral grooves provided on the outer peripheral surface, Each of the plurality of second spiral grooves intersects the plurality of first spiral grooves, respectively.

Furthermore, it is possible to provide a surface grinder including the grinding wheel.

According to the above-mentioned embodiment, it is possible to provide a grinding wheel and a surface grinder that can suppress the occurrence of chatter marks and the like on the surface of the material to be ground during surface grinding.

1‧‧‧ Surface Grinder

10‧‧‧ movable carrier

10A‧‧‧Main body of movable stage

10B‧‧‧ Guided lead

10BS‧‧‧Sliding surface

12‧‧‧ to be cut

14‧‧‧rail

14S‧‧‧rail surface (fixed surface)

15‧‧‧Grinding wheel head

16‧‧‧ Grinding wheel

18‧‧‧rail

20‧‧‧Control device

40‧‧‧ display device

100‧‧‧dressing device

110, 111, 112, 113‧‧‧ Finisher

115‧‧‧rotating body

120‧‧‧Drive mechanism

125‧‧‧rotation position detection device

130‧‧‧rotating mechanism

131‧‧‧rotation axis

140‧‧‧rotation position detection device

150‧‧‧controller

201 ~ 203‧‧‧dressing groove (the first spiral groove)

211 ~ 213‧‧‧dressing groove (second spiral groove)

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a surface grinder according to this embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first example of the configuration of the dressing apparatus according to this embodiment.

FIG. 3A is a diagram explaining the first example of the trimming method of the embodiment.

FIG. 3B is a diagram explaining the first example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 3C is a diagram explaining the first example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 4A is a diagram showing an example of a grinding wheel for performing a dressing operation using a dressing device of a comparative example. FIG.

FIG. 4B is a diagram showing an example of a grinding wheel for performing a dressing operation using the dressing device according to this embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a second example of the configuration of the dressing apparatus according to this embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for specifically explaining the configuration of the dresser.

FIG. 7A is a diagram explaining a second example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 7B is a diagram explaining a second example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 7C is a diagram explaining a second example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 8A is a diagram explaining a second example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 8B is a diagram explaining a second example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 8C is a diagram explaining a second example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing a third example of the configuration of the dressing apparatus according to this embodiment.

FIG. 10A is a diagram for specifically explaining the configuration of the dresser.

FIG. 10B is a diagram for specifically explaining the configuration of the dresser.

FIG. 11A is a diagram explaining a third example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 11B is a diagram for explaining a third example of the trimming method of this embodiment.

FIG. 11C is a diagram explaining a third example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing a fourth example of the configuration of the dressing apparatus according to this embodiment.

FIG. 13A is a diagram explaining a fourth example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 13B is a diagram explaining a fourth example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 14A is a diagram explaining a fifth example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 14B is a diagram explaining a fifth example of the trimming method of the present embodiment.

FIG. 14C is a diagram explaining a fifth example of the trimming method according to this embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a machining method of a grinding wheel for performing a dressing operation using the dressing device of this embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a sliding surface in which a plurality of pits generated by the processing method shown in FIG. 15 can be applied.

Hereinafter, embodiments for implementing the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[Structure of Surface Grinder]

First, referring to Fig. 1, a surface grinder 1 according to this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a surface grinder 1 according to this embodiment.

Surface grinder 1 has a movable stage 10, a stage guide mechanism 11, sand The wheel head 15, the grinding wheel 16, the guide rail 18, the control device 20 and the display device 40.

In the figure, the X direction indicates the moving direction of the movable stage 10, the Y direction indicates the moving direction of the grinding wheel head 15 orthogonal to the X direction, and the Z direction indicates the height direction orthogonal to the X and Y directions.

The movable stage 10 is provided so as to be movable in the X direction by the stage guide mechanism 11 and mounts the workpiece 12 to be ground.

The stage guide mechanism 11 uses, for example, a servo motor or the like as a driving force source to move the movable stage 10 in the X direction.

The grinding wheel head 15 is provided with a grinding wheel 16 at a lower end portion, and is mounted on the guide rail 18 in such a manner that it can move in the Y direction and can be raised and lowered in the Z direction.

The grinding wheel 16 has a cylindrical shape, and is rotatably attached to the lower end portion of the grinding wheel head 15 so that the central axis is parallel to the Y direction. The grinding wheel 16 moves and rotates in the Y direction and the Z direction together with the grinding wheel head 15 to grind the surface of the workpiece 12. The grinding wheel 16 is mainly composed of abrasive grains (for example, alumina abrasives and diamond abrasives) selected according to the properties and processing accuracy of the material 12 to be cut, and a binder that holds the abrasive grains.

The guide rail 18 uses, for example, two servo motors or the like as a driving force source to move the grinding wheel head 15 in the Y direction and the Z direction.

The control device 20 controls each part of the surface grinder 1 to adjust the positions of the movable stage 10 and the grinding wheel head 15 and rotate the grinding wheel 16, thereby grinding the surface of the workpiece 12. The control device 20 is constituted mainly by a computer including a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and I / O.

The display device 40 is, for example, a liquid crystal display. Display device 40 by The control device 20 controls and displays, for example, the grinding conditions of the workpiece 12.

[First example of dressing device]

Next, referring to FIG. 2, a dressing apparatus 100 that performs a dressing operation (sharpening operation) of the grinding wheel 16 used in the surface grinder 1 will be described.

FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a first example of the configuration of the dressing apparatus 100 according to this embodiment.

The dressing device 100 includes a dresser 110, a driving mechanism 120, a rotation mechanism 130, a rotation position detection device 140, and a controller 150.

The dresser 110 comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the rotating grinding wheel 16 (that is, the working surface for grinding the material to be cut. Hereinafter, also referred to as the “working surface of the grinding wheel”), and generates a cut (dressing groove). The dresser 110 uses, for example, a single-point diamond as a raw material, has a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a conical shape at a front end portion. The dresser 110 can generate a dressing groove having a smaller width (for example, several μm to several tens μm) than the abrasive grains.

The driving mechanism 120 uses, for example, two servo motors as a driving force source, so that the dresser 110 (specifically, the holding member holding the dresser 110) is oriented in the left-right direction (the positive and negative directions of the X axis in the figure) and the up-down direction. (Positive and negative directions of the Z axis in the figure). The drive mechanism 120 includes, for example, a ball screw mechanism and a rack and pinion mechanism. The driving mechanism 120 adjusts the left and right positions and the up and down positions according to a control instruction from the controller 150. This makes it possible to control the contact state (the depth of the dressing groove) of the dresser 110 with the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16 mounted on a rotation shaft 131 described later, and the width direction of the grinding wheel 16 (left-right direction in the figure). Kamiyuki Contact location.

The rotation mechanism 130 uses, for example, a servo motor or the like as a driving force source, and rotates the grinding wheel 16 mounted on the rotation shaft 131 at a predetermined rotation speed.

The rotation position detection device 140 is, for example, a rotary encoder and detects the rotation position (angular position) of the grinding wheel 16 mounted on the rotation shaft 131. The rotational position detecting device 140 is connected to the controller 150 so as to be able to communicate, and a detection signal corresponding to the detected angular position of the grinding wheel 16 is transmitted to the controller 150.

The controller 150 sends a control instruction to the driving mechanism 120 to control the left and right positions and the up and down positions of the dresser 110 driven by the driving mechanism 120 moving up, down, and left and right. The controller 150 is mainly composed of a computer including a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and I / O. The controller 150 can control the contact state (the depth of the dressing groove) of the dresser 110 and the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface of the grinding wheel) of the grinding wheel 16 by adjusting the vertical position of the driving mechanism 120. In addition, the controller 150 controls the left and right positions of the dresser 110 (the contact position in the width direction of the grinding wheel 16) while synchronizing with the angular position of the grinding wheel 16 based on the detection signal received from the rotational position detecting device 140.

[First example of dressing method]

Next, referring to Fig. 3 (Figs. 3A to 3C), a trimming method using the trimming device 100 shown in Fig. 2 (the first example of the trimming method of this embodiment) will be described.

3A to 3C show the first example of the trimming method of this embodiment. Illustration of line description. Specifically, the operation of the dressing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 2 is shown.

As described later, the dressing device 100 repeats the following steps three times: the dresser 110 is brought into contact with the grinding wheel 16 in rotation, and moves back and forth between the left and right ends of the grinding wheel 16 mounted on the rotating shaft 131. FIGS. 3A to 3C are development views of the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16 showing the generation state of the dressing groove in the first step to the third step, respectively.

In addition, in FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C, the trimming grooves generated in the previous step are shown by dotted lines, and the trimming grooves 202 and 212 and the trimming grooves 203 and 203 generated in the second and third steps are shown by solid lines. 213. In addition, each of the first step to the third step is performed in the following flow: first, the dresser 110 is moved from the left end to the right end of the grinding wheel 16, and then, the right end is moved to the left end. Further, in this example, the moving speed of the dresser 110 in the left-right direction, specifically, the left-right movement amount of the dresser 110 per one rotation of the grinding wheel 16 (hereinafter referred to as "dressing feed (dress lead)" ") 1/2 of the width W of the DL-based grinding wheel 16 (that is, the trimming feed amount DL = W / 2). In addition, the angular position (0 ° to 360 °) of the grinding wheel 16 is specified in advance, and the rotational position detection device 140 sends a detection signal corresponding to the angular position to the controller 150. In the figure, the left end position of the grinding wheel 16 is represented by a coordinate value “0”, and the right end position of the grinding wheel 16 is represented by a coordinate value “W”.

In the first step, first, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the dresser 110 starts to contact the left end position (coordinate value "0") of the grinding wheel 16 at the angular position "0 °", and moves to the right to perform dressing Feed DL (= W / 2) Move. Next, when the dresser 110 reaches the right end position (coordinate "W") of the grinding wheel 16, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the moving direction of the dresser 110 is reversed, and the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) Move. Specifically, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the dresser 110 starts to contact the right end position (coordinate value "W") of the grinding wheel 16 at the angular position "0 °", and moves to the left with a dressing feed amount DL ( = W / 2) Move. The controller 150 controls the drive mechanism 120 to move the dresser 110 to the left end position of the grinding wheel 16 (coordinate value “0”).

As shown in FIG. 3A, the dresser 110 feeds to the right (upward direction in FIG. 3A) with a dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) in the course of the first step. A spiral-shaped dressing groove 201 is formed on the outer peripheral surface. The spiral-shaped dressing groove 201 sets the angular position “0 °” of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as a starting point, and sets the angular position “360 °” (= “0 °”) of the right end of the grinding wheel 16. ) Is set to the end point (see the white arrow in the figure). The dressing groove 201 is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16 in a spiral shape.

As shown in FIG. 3A, on the returning step of the first step, the dresser 110 feeds the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) to the left (downward direction in FIG. 3A). A spiral dressing groove 211 is generated on the outer peripheral surface of the spiral dressing groove. The spiral dressing groove 211 sets the angular position "0 °" of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as a starting point, and sets the angular position of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 "360 °" (= "0 ° ") As the end point (see the black arrow in the figure). The dressing groove 211 is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16 in a spiral shape. The trimming groove 211 intersects the trimming groove 201.

In the second step, the controller 150 sets the phase with respect to the first step. (Angular position of the grinding wheel 16) is shifted so that the dresser 110 is moved. Specifically, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the dresser 110 starts to contact the left end position (coordinate value “0”) of the grinding wheel 16 at the angular position “120 °” and moves to the right to trim the feed amount DL (= W / 2) Move. Next, when the dresser 110 reaches the right end position (coordinate "W") of the grinding wheel 16, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the moving direction of the dresser 110 is reversed, and the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) Move. Specifically, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the dresser 110 starts to contact the right end position (coordinate value "W") of the grinding wheel 16 at the angular position "120 °", and moves to the left to trim the feed amount DL (= W / 2) Move. The controller 150 controls the drive mechanism 120 to move the dresser 110 to the left end position of the grinding wheel 16 (coordinate value “0”).

As shown in FIG. 3B, the dresser 110 is fed in the rightward direction (upward direction in FIG. 3B) with a dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) in the course of the second step. A spiral-shaped dressing groove 202 is formed on the outer peripheral surface. The spiral-shaped dressing groove 202 sets the angular position “120 °” of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as the starting point, and sets the angular position “120 °” of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as the end point (in the figure). , See white arrow). The dressing groove 202 is parallel to the dressing groove 201, that is, does not intersect, and is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16 in a spiral shape. On the other hand, the trimming groove 202 intersects the trimming groove 211 generated in the first step.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, on the returning step of the second step, the dresser 110 moves to the left with a dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) (bottom of FIG. 3B) Feed), thereby forming a helical dressing groove 212 on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16, the helical dressing groove 212 setting the angular position "120 °" of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as a starting point, and The angular position "120 °" is set as the end point (see the black arrow in the figure). The dressing groove 212 is parallel to the dressing groove 211, that is, does not cross the dressing groove 211, and is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16 in a spiral shape. On the other hand, the trimming groove 212 intersects the trimming groove 201 generated in the first step and the trimming groove 202 generated in the second step (forward).

In the third step, the controller 150 further shifts the phase (the angular position of the grinding wheel 16) with respect to the second step to move the dresser 110. Specifically, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the dresser 110 comes into contact with the left end position (coordinate value "0") of the grinding wheel 16 at the angular position "240 °" and moves to the right to trim the feed amount DL (= W / 2) Move. Next, when the dresser 110 reaches the right end position (coordinate "W") of the grinding wheel 16, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the moving direction of the dresser 110 is reversed, and the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) Move. Specifically, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the dresser 110 contacts the right end position (coordinate value "W") of the grinding wheel 16 at an angular position "240 °" and moves to the left with a dressing feed amount DL ( = W / 2) Move. The controller 150 controls the drive mechanism 120 to move the dresser 110 to the left end position of the grinding wheel 16 (coordinate value “0”).

As shown in FIG. 3C, the dresser 110 is fed in the rightward direction (upward direction in FIG. 3C) with a dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) in the course of the third step. Spiral trimming grooves on the outer peripheral surface 203, the spiral dressing groove 203 sets the angular position "240 °" of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as the starting point, and sets the angular position "240 °" of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as the end point (see the white arrow in the figure). The dressing groove 203 is parallel to the dressing grooves 201 and 202, that is, does not cross, and is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16 in a spiral shape. On the other hand, the trimming groove 203 intersects the trimming groove 211 generated in the first step and the trimming groove 212 generated in the second step.

As shown in FIG. 3C, the dresser 110 feeds the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) to the left (downward direction in FIG. 3C) on the returning step of the third step, and thereby, in the grinding wheel 16 A spiral dressing groove 213 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the spiral dressing groove. The spiral dressing groove 213 sets the angular position “240 °” of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as the starting point, and sets the angular position “240 °” of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as the end point (in the figure). , See black arrow). The dressing groove 213 is parallel to the dressing grooves 211 and 212, that is, does not cross, and is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16 in a spiral shape. On the other hand, the trimming groove 213 intersects the trimming grooves 201 to 203 generated in the first step to the third step.

As shown in FIG. 3C, the trimming grooves 201 to 203 generated in each of the first to third steps are presented in parallel and at equal intervals (that is, the same pitch DP (= DL / 3)). A spiral shape is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16. That is, three dressing grooves 201 to 203 are formed on the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16. In addition, the dressing grooves 211 to 213 generated on each return of the first to third steps are generated in a spiral shape on the grinding wheel in parallel and at equal intervals (that is, the same pitch DP (= DL / 3)). 16 outer peripheral surface. That is, three dressing grooves 211 to 213 that intersect the dressing grooves 201 to 203 are formed on the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16.

The trimming grooves 201 to 203 and the trimming grooves 211 to 213 intersect as described above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3C, a cone with a substantially rhombic area as the bottom surface is generated, which is surrounded by two trimming grooves in the trimming grooves 201 to 203 and two trimming grooves in the trimming grooves 211 to 213, that is, approximately four Pyramid peak (trimmed peak). The trimming peak is equivalent to grinding the part 12 to be cut by the surface grinder 1.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the number Z of the plurality of pairs of the trimming grooves (the trimming grooves 201 to 203 and the trimming grooves 211 to 213) is 3, but the number Z may be set to 2 or 4 the above. In this case, as long as the number of pieces Z is changed, the amount of phase shift can be changed. In this embodiment, the number of phases is changed by "120 °" and the trimmer 110 is made three round trips. However, for example, in the case of two lines, as long as the phase is changed by "180 °", It is sufficient to make the dresser 110 return twice. In addition, for example, in the case of four, the phase may be changed every "90 °" and the dresser 110 may be made four round trips. That is, for the number of strips Z, it is only necessary to change the phase every “(360 / Z) °” and make the dresser 110 make Z round trips, thereby generating a plurality of pairs of dressing grooves.

[effect]

Next, referring to FIG. 4 (FIGS. 4A and 4B), the grinding wheel 16 after the dressing operation using the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 2 will be described, that is, the dressing grooves 201 to 203 and the dressing groove 211 shown in FIG. 3C are generated after generation. ~ 213 of the role of the grinding wheel 16.

FIG. 4A shows a dressing operation performed by a dressing device of a comparative example FIG. 4B is a diagram showing an example of the grinding wheel 16 after performing a dressing operation using the dressing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment. Specifically, the development view of the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16 is shown.

In addition, the dressing device corresponding to the comparative example of the conventional technology performs only the first step in the dressing device 100 of this embodiment. In addition, in order to set the interval (pitch) of the dressing grooves at the same angular position on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16, the dressing feed amount Dlc in the dressing device of the comparative example is W / 6 (DLc = W / 6) . In addition, the black dots in the figure schematically indicate the apex of the trimmed peak.

As shown in FIG. 4A, a spiral-shaped dressing groove 201c and a spiral-shaped shape intersecting the dressing groove 201c are formed on the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16 after the dressing operation is performed by the dressing device of the comparative example. Trim groove 211c. In the comparative example, as described above, since the dressing feed amount DLc = W / 6, the dressing grooves 201c and 211c are spirally wound around the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16 for six turns. Moreover, the rhombic trimming peaks surrounded by the crossing trimming grooves 201c and 211c are at two angular positions of 180 ° symmetry of the grinding wheel 16, specifically, at the angular position "180 °" and the angular position "360 °" (= " 0 ° "), generated in a state of being arranged in the width direction. In other words, in the direction of the dressing groove 201c or the dressing groove 211c, two dressing peaks are arranged on the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16 per turn.

In this way, in the grinding wheel 16 after the dressing operation was performed by the dressing device of the comparative example, a dressing peak was generated only at two angular positions of 180 ° symmetry on the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface). Therefore, when the grinding wheel 16 mounted on the surface grinder 1 grinds the workpiece 12 while rotating, The part of the material 12 to be ground, except for the vicinity of the two angular positions of the trimming peak, may be hardly ground. Therefore, the difference between the portion to be ground and sharpened by the trimming material 12 and the portion to be hardly ground is obvious, and there is a possibility that waviness or chatter marks (flutter marks) are generated on the surface of the workpiece 12. That is, the quality of the to-be-cut material 12 may fall.

In contrast, as shown in FIG. 4B, on the grinding wheel 16 after the dressing operation is performed by the dressing device 100 of the present embodiment, as described above, three dressing grooves 201 to 203 and the three dressing grooves 201 to 201 are generated. 203 three trimming grooves 211 to 213 respectively crossing. Moreover, by the intersection of the three trimming grooves 201 to 203 and the three trimming grooves 211 to 213, at six angular positions (the angular positions "60 °", "120 °", "180 °", "240 °", "300 °" and "360 °" (= "0 °")), the trimmed peaks are generated in a state of being arranged in the width direction. In other words, in the direction of the dressing grooves 201 to 203 or the dressing grooves 211 to 213, there are 6 (= 2 · Z) peaks of the dressing 16 arranged on each outer circumference of the grinding wheel 16 (grinding surface).

Therefore, while the grinding wheel 16 mounted on the surface grinder 1 is rotating, the trimmed peaks generated at the six angular positions of the outer peripheral surface (grinding wheel working surface) grind the material 12 to be cut. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of waviness, chatter, and the like on the surface of the material 12 to be cut. In addition, by setting the number Z of the generated plurality of trimming grooves in pairs (Z 4) The number of angular positions (= 2‧Z) of the grinding wheel 16 where the trimming peak is disposed is increased, so that it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of waviness or chattering on the surface of the material 12 to be cut.

In addition, the dressing feed amount DL of the dressing grooves in pairs (that is, dressing The movement amount of the grooves 201 to 203 and 211 to 213 in the width direction per one revolution of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16 is more preferably 0.1 mm or more. In addition, the pitch DP of a plurality of pairs of dressing grooves (that is, the two adjacent ones of the dressing grooves 201 to 203 and the two adjacent ones of the dressing grooves 211 to 213 are spaced apart in the width direction of the grinding wheel 16 ) Is more preferably 0.5 mm or less. However, the pair of plural dressing grooves has a pitch DP smaller than the dressing feed DL.

[Second example of dressing device]

Next, a second example of the dressing apparatus 100 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a second example of the configuration of the dressing apparatus 100 according to this embodiment.

The dressing device 100 of this example is different from the first example shown in FIG. 2 in that a plurality of (3) dressers 111 to 113 are provided instead of the dresser 110.

In the following, the same components as those of the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and different portions will be mainly described.

The dressers 111 to 113 are integrally moved and driven by the driving mechanism 120 in the left-right direction (positive and negative directions of the X-axis in the figure) and the up-down direction (positive and negative directions of the Z-axis in the figure). Hereinafter, referring to FIG. 6, specific configuration patterns of the trimmers 111 to 113 will be described.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for specifically explaining the configuration of the trimmers 111 to 113.

As shown in Figure 6, the trimmers 111 to 113 are arranged along the left and right directions. Home.

The dresser 112 is arranged based on the left and right positions of the dresser 111 (specifically, the left and right positions of the front end of the dresser 111 that generates a dressing groove), and is offset by a distance L1 in the left direction. The distance L1 is an integer multiple (n times) of the trimming feed DL and the value obtained by dividing the trimming feed DL by the number of strips Z (= 3) (L1 = n‧DL + DL / Z (n: An integer of 1 or more)). Therefore, if the dressers 111 to 113 are moved integrally with the dressing feed amount DL in the left-right direction, the dressing groove generated by the dresser 112 is in the width direction of the grinding wheel 16 with respect to the dressing slot generated by the dresser 111 Offset DL / 3.

The dresser 113 is arranged with the left and right positions of the dresser 111 offset by a distance L2 in the left direction. The distance L2 is an integer multiple (m times) of the trimming feed DL and the value obtained by dividing the multiple of the trimming feed DL by the number of strips Z (= 3) (L2 = m‧DL + 2DL / Z ( m: an integer greater than n)). With this, if the dressers 111 to 113 are moved integrally with the dressing feed amount DL in the left-right direction, the dressing groove generated by the dresser 113 is in the width direction of the grinding wheel 16 with respect to the dressing slot generated by the dresser 111. Up offset 2DL / 3.

In addition, since it is necessary to generate a plurality of dressing grooves on the abrasive grains of the grinding wheel 16, the interval (pitch) of the dressing grooves is usually set sufficiently smaller than the external dimensions of the dressers 111 to 113. Therefore, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 6, the finishers 111 to 113 cannot be arranged simply by shifting DL / 3 in the left-right direction.

[Second example of dressing method]

Next, referring to Fig. 7 (Fig. 7A to Fig. 7C) and Fig. 8 (Fig. 8A to Fig. 8C), a dressing method (the second example of the dressing method of this embodiment) using the dressing device 100 shown in Fig. 5 will be described. .

7A to 7C and 8A to 8C are diagrams for explaining a second example of the trimming method of this embodiment. Specifically, the operation of the dressing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 5 is shown.

The dressing device 100 of this example performs the following steps once: bringing the dressers 111 to 113 (at least one of them) into contact with the grinding wheel 16 in rotation, and integrally mounting the left and right ends of the grinding wheel 16 mounted on the rotating shaft 131 Move back and forth (hereinafter referred to as "round trip step"). FIGS. 7A to 7C and FIGS. 8A to 8C are development views of the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16 showing the generation state of the trimming grooves on the forward and return paths in the reciprocating step.

In addition, in FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C, the dressing grooves generated by other dressers are indicated by broken lines, and the dressing grooves 202 and 203 generated by the dressers 112 and 113 are shown by solid lines, respectively. In FIG. 8B and FIG. 8C, the dressing grooves generated by other dressers are indicated by broken lines, and the dressing grooves 212 and 213 generated by the dresser 112 and the dresser 111 are shown by solid lines. In addition, the round-trip step in this example is performed by the following procedure: The dressers 111 to 113 are integrally moved from the left end to the right end of the grinding wheel 16, and then moved from the right end to the left end. In this example, as in the example of FIGS. 3A to 3C, the dressing feed amount DL-based grinding wheel 16 is ½ of the width W (that is, the dressing feed amount DL = W / 2). And, in this example, take n 2 and m 4 as a prerequisite.

In the forward and backward steps, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the rightmost dresser 111 among the dressers 111 to 113 starts at the angular position “0 °” and the left end position of the grinding wheel 16 (coordinate value) "0"), and the trimmers 111 to 113 are moved integrally to the right with a trimming feed amount DL (= W / 2). In addition, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 to move the leftmost dresser 113 among the dressers 111 to 113 to the right end position (coordinate value "W").

In the forward direction, first, as shown in FIG. 7A, the dresser 111 generates a dressing groove 201. Specifically, the dresser 111 feeds the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) to the right (upward direction in FIG. 7A), thereby generating a spiral dressing groove 201 on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16. The spiral dressing groove 201 sets the angular position “0 °” of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as the starting point, and sets the angular position “360 °” (= “0 °”) of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as the end point (see the white arrow in the figure) ).

Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, the dresser 112 generates a dressing groove 202. Specifically, the dresser 112 feeds to the right (upward direction in FIG. 7B) with a dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2), whereby a spiral dressing groove 202 is generated on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16, and the spiral The shape dressing groove 202 sets the angular position "120 °" of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as the starting point, and sets the angular position "120 °" (= "0 °") of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as the ending point (see the white arrow in the figure) .

Next, as shown in FIG. 7C, the dresser 113 generates a dressing groove 203. Specifically, the dresser 113 feeds the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) to the right (upward direction in FIG. 7C), whereby the dresser 113 is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16. A spiral dressing groove 203 is generated. The spiral dressing groove 203 sets the angular position “240 °” of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as a starting point, and sets the angular position “240 °” (= “0 °”) of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as a starting point. End point (see white arrow in the figure).

Further, on the return journey in the round-trip step, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the leftmost dresser 113 among the dressers 111 to 113 starts at an angular position “0 °” and the right end position of the grinding wheel 16 (coordinates) Value "W"), and the dressers 111 to 113 are moved integrally to the left and moved by the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2). In addition, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 to move the dresser 111 located at the far right among the dressers 111 to 113 to the left end position (the coordinate value is "0").

On the return journey, first, as shown in FIG. 8A, the dresser 113 generates a dressing groove 211. Specifically, the dresser 113 feeds the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) to the left (downward direction in FIG. 8A), thereby generating a spiral dressing groove 211 on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16. The spiral dressing groove 211 sets the angular position “0 °” of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as the starting point, and sets the angular position “360 °” (= “0 °”) of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as the end point (see the black arrow in the figure ).

Next, as shown in FIG. 8B, the dresser 112 generates a dressing groove 212. Specifically, the dresser 112 feeds the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) to the left (downward direction in FIG. 8B), thereby generating a spiral dressing groove 212 on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16. The spiral dressing groove 212 sets the angular position "120 °" of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as a starting point, and sets the angular position "120 °" of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as an end point (see the black arrow in the figure).

Next, as shown in FIG. 8C, the dresser 111 generates a dressing groove 213. Specifically, the dresser 111 feeds the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2) to the left (downward direction in FIG. 8C), thereby generating a spiral dressing groove 213 on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 16. The spiral dressing groove 213 sets the angular position “240 °” of the right end of the grinding wheel 16 as the starting point, and sets the angular position “240 °” of the left end of the grinding wheel 16 as the ending point (see the black arrow in the figure).

In addition, in this example, on the return journey, the trimmers 113, 112, and 111 generate the trimming grooves 211, 212, and 213 in sequence, but it is not limited to this aspect. For example, the trimmer 113 may generate a trimming groove 213, the trimmer 112 may generate a trimming groove 211, and the trimmer 111 may generate a trimming groove 212. In addition, for example, the trimmer 113 may generate a trimming groove 212, the trimmer 112 may generate a trimming groove 213, and the trimmer 111 may generate a trimming groove 211.

In this way, by the dressing method of this example (that is, the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 5), a plurality of dressing grooves (three dressing grooves 201 to 203 and three dressing grooves 211), which are the same as in FIG. 4B, can be generated ~ 213).

In addition, according to the dressing method of this example (that is, the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 5), it is only necessary to make a plurality of dressers integrally reciprocate once in the left and right directions, so that it is possible to generate pairs in a shorter time. Multiple trimming slots.

In addition, although three dressers 111 to 113 are provided in the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 5, four or more dressers may be provided to generate a plurality of four or more pairs of dressing grooves. In addition, the trimmers 111 to 113 may be integrally moved back and forth in the left-right direction a plurality of times, thereby generating a plurality of trimming grooves of four or more pairs.

[Third example of dressing device]

Next, a third example of the dressing apparatus 100 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing a third example of the configuration of the dressing apparatus 100 according to this embodiment.

The dressing device 100 of this example is different from the first example shown in FIG. 2 in that a plurality of (3) dressers 111 to 113 are provided instead of the dresser 110 in the same manner as the second example shown in FIG. 5.

In addition, the dressing device 100 of this example is different from the first example shown in FIG. 2 and the second example shown in FIG. 5 in that the dressers 111 to 113 are respectively disposed on a rotating body 115 having a rotation axis in the left-right direction. Different angular positions (peripheral positions) on the outer peripheral surface.

In addition, the dressing device 100 of this example is different from the first example shown in FIG. 2 and the second example shown in FIG. 5 in that a rotation position detection device 125 that detects the rotation position of the rotating body 115 is further provided.

Hereinafter, the same components of the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and different portions will be mainly described.

The dressers 111 to 113 are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 115 having a rotation axis in the left-right direction. Hereinafter, referring to FIG. 10 (FIGS. 10A and 10B), specific configuration aspects of the trimmers 111 to 113 will be described.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are diagrams for specifically describing the configuration of the trimmers 111 to 113. Specifically, FIG. 10A is a view of the rotating body 115 viewed from the left, and FIG. 10B is a view of the rotating body 115 viewed from the front.

In addition, in FIG. 10B, the dresser 113 enters the rotating body 115 because The back side is shown with a dashed line.

As shown in FIG. 10A, the dressers 111 to 113 are arranged at different angular positions (positions in the circumferential direction) on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating body 115.

Further, as shown in FIG. 10B, the dressers 111 to 113 are arranged at intervals of DL / Z (in this example, the number of pieces Z = 3) in the left and right directions. Specifically, based on the left and right positions of the trimmer 111, the trimmer 112 is arranged to be shifted to the left by DL / Z, and the trimmer 113 is arranged to be shifted to the left by 2DL / Z.

As described later, the rotating body 115 rotates at a sufficiently high rotation speed with respect to the rotation speed of the grinding wheel 16. Therefore, as shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 10B, when viewed from the side of the grinding wheel 16 rotating at a relatively low speed, it can be regarded as the same state in which the dressers 111 to 113 are arranged in the left-right direction.

Returning to FIG. 9, the drive mechanism 120 includes, for example, an additional servo motor, and rotates the rotating body 115. The driving mechanism 120 rotates the rotating body 115 at a rotation speed sufficiently higher than the rotation speed of the grinding wheel 16 caused by the rotation mechanism 130 (preferably 10 times or more of the rotation speed of the grinding wheel 16 caused by the rotation mechanism 130). In addition, the driving mechanism 120 performs the rotating body 115 provided with the dressers 111 to 113 in the left-right direction (positive and negative directions of the X axis in the figure) and the up-down direction (positive and negative directions of the Z axis in the figure). Mobile drive.

The rotational position detection device 125 is, for example, a rotary encoder that detects the rotational position (angular position) of the rotating body 115 on the grinding wheel 16. The rotation position detection device 125 is connected to the controller 150 so that communication can be performed. The detection signal corresponding to the angular position of the rotating body 115 is transmitted to the controller 150.

The controller 150 sends a control instruction to the driving mechanism 120 to control the left and right positions and the up and down positions of the rotating body 115 provided with the dressers 111 to 113 to be driven to move up, down, and left and right by the driving mechanism 120. The controller 150 controls the drive mechanism 120 while confirming that the rotating body 115 is rotating at a sufficiently high speed relative to the rotational speed of the grinding wheel 16 based on a detection signal from the rotational position detecting device 125.

[Third example of dressing method]

Next, referring to Fig. 11 (Figs. 11A to 11C), a dressing method using the dressing device 100 shown in Fig. 9 (a third example of the dressing method of this embodiment) will be described.

11A to 11C are diagrams for explaining a third example of the trimming method of this embodiment. Specifically, the operation of the dressing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 9 is shown.

The dressing device 100 of this example performs the following steps once: bringing the dressers 111 to 113 (at least one of them) into contact with the grinding wheel 16 in rotation, and integrating them into the left and right ends of the grinding wheel 16 mounted on the rotating shaft 131 And back and forth (hereinafter, referred to as a "round trip step"). FIGS. 11A to 11C are development views showing the outer peripheral surface (grinding surface) of the grinding wheel 16 in which the trimming grooves are generated in the forward and backward steps in the reciprocating step.

In the forward and backward steps, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the rightmost dresser 111 among the dressers 111 to 113 At the angular position "0 °", it starts to contact the left end position (coordinate value "0 °") of the grinding wheel 16, and the dressers 111 to 113 are integrated to move to the right with the dressing feed DL (= W / 2). . In addition, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 to move the leftmost dresser 113 among the dressers 111 to 113 to the right end position (coordinate value "W").

As shown in FIG. 11A, first, the dresser 111 starts to generate a dressing groove 201. After that, if the grinding wheel 16 rotates 120 °, as shown in FIG. 11B, the dresser 112 starts to generate a dressing groove 202. After that, if the grinding wheel 16 is further rotated by 120 °, as shown in FIG. 11C, the dresser 113 starts generating a dressing groove 203. After that, the dressers 111 to 113 generate the dressing grooves 201 to 203 at the same time, until the dresser 111 finishes generating the dressing grooves 201, that is, until the dresser 111 reaches the right end position of the grinding wheel 16 (the coordinate value "W"). Moreover, after the dresser 111 finishes generating the dressing groove 201, if the grinding wheel 16 rotates 120 °, the dresser 112 ends generating the dressing groove 202, and if the grinding wheel 16 further rotates 120 °, the dresser 113 ends generating the dressing groove 203, completing 3 Trim grooves 201 ~ 203.

Further, on the return journey in the round-trip step, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 so that the leftmost dresser 113 among the dressers 111 to 113 starts at an angular position “0 °” and the right end position (coordinate of the grinding wheel 16) Value "W"), and the dressers 111 to 113 are moved integrally to the left and moved by the dressing feed amount DL (= W / 2). In addition, the controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 to move the dresser 111 located at the far right among the dressers 111 to 113 to the left end position (the coordinate value is "0").

Although not shown, it is the same as shown in FIG. 11A to FIG. 11C In the ground, the returning units 111 to 113 simultaneously generate the appearances of the dressing grooves 211 to 213. Specifically, first, the dresser 113 starts generating the dressing groove 211. After that, if the grinding wheel 16 rotates 120 °, the dresser 112 starts to generate a dressing groove 212. After that, if the grinding wheel 16 is further rotated by 120 °, the dresser 111 starts to generate a dressing groove 213. After that, the dressers 111 to 113 generate dressing grooves 211 to 213 at the same time, until the dresser 113 finishes generating the dressing grooves 211, that is, until the dresser 113 reaches the left end position of the grinding wheel 16 (the coordinate value is "0"). Furthermore, after the dresser 113 finishes generating the dressing groove 211, if the grinding wheel 16 rotates 120 °, the dresser 112 ends generating the dressing groove 212, and if the grinding wheel 16 further rotates 120 °, the dresser 111 ends generating the dressing groove 213, completing 3 Trim grooves 211 ~ 213.

In this way, by the dressing method of this example (that is, the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 9), a plurality of dressing grooves (three dressing grooves 201 to 203 and three dressing grooves 211 to 211), which are the same as in FIG. 4B, can be generated. 213).

In addition, according to the dressing method of this example (that is, the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 9), as long as the rotating body provided with a plurality of dressers is reciprocated once in the left-right direction, it can be generated in a shorter time. A plurality of pairs of trimming slots.

In addition, according to the dressing method of this example (that is, the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 9), since a plurality of dressers are arranged at different angular positions of the rotating body, the interval in the left-right direction of each dresser can be minimized. (I.e. DL / Z). This makes it possible to further reduce the size in the left-right direction occupied by the plurality of finishers. That is, miniaturization of the dressing apparatus 100 can be achieved. In addition, it is possible to reduce the number of dressers (with multiple dressers provided). The amount of movement of the machine's rotating body) in the left and right directions can generate a plurality of trimming grooves in pairs in a shorter time.

In addition, in the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 9, three dressers 111 to 113 are provided. However, four or more dressers may be provided at different angular positions (positions in the circumferential direction) of the rotating body 115 so that Generate 4 or more pairs of trimming slots. In addition, the rotating body 115 provided with the trimmers 111 to 113 may be reciprocated a plurality of times in the left-right direction to generate a plurality of pairs of trimming grooves.

[Fourth Example of Dressing Device]

Next, a fourth example of the dressing apparatus 100 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 12.

FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing a fourth example of the configuration of the dressing apparatus 100 according to this embodiment.

The dressing device 100 of this example is different from the first example shown in FIG. 2 in that the rotation position detecting device 140 is omitted.

In the following, the same components as those of the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and different portions will be mainly described.

The controller 150 controls the driving mechanism 120 to perform a dressing operation using the grinding wheel 16 of the dresser 110 with a preset dressing stroke DS and a dressing speed V. Specifically, the controller 150 arranges the dresser 110 at a position corresponding to a preset dressing stroke DS, and from this position causes the dresser 110 to perform a plurality of left-right directions corresponding to the dressing operation at a preset dressing speed V. The round-trip action (that is, with the wheel 16 The number of generated trimming grooves is equivalent).

In addition, the dressing speed V is an absolute speed at which the dresser 110 moves in the left-right direction, which is different from the dressing feed amount DL depending on the rotation speed of the grinding wheel 16. The dressing stroke DS is a stroke amount for moving the dresser 110 in the left-right direction during the dressing operation of the grinding wheel 16. Specifically, the dressing stroke DS is set to be equal to or greater than the width W of the grinding wheel 16, and is a value obtained by adding the idling stroke amount before the grinding wheel 16 to the width W of the grinding wheel 16.

[Fourth example of dressing method]

Next, referring to FIG. 13 (FIGS. 13A and 13B), a dressing method using the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 12 (a fourth example of the dressing method of this embodiment) will be described.

13A and 13B are diagrams for explaining a fourth example of the trimming method of this embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 13A is a diagram schematically showing the operation of the dresser 110 during the dressing operation by the grinding wheel 16 of the dressing device 100 shown in FIG. 12. 13B is a schematic diagram showing the flow of each step (the assisting step S0, the dressing step S1, and the idling step S2) in the dressing operation using the grinding wheel 16 of the dressing device 100 shown in FIG.

As described above, the dressing device 100 of this example omits the rotational position detecting device 140 of the grinding wheel 16, so the controller 150 cannot synchronize the operation of the dresser 110 with the rotating operation of the grinding wheel 16. Therefore, in this example, the dressing speed V, the dressing stroke DS, and the rotational speed ω of the grinding wheel are adjusted in advance so that the dresser 110 can only generate a plurality of dressing pairs as shown in FIG. 4B by simply reciprocating the dresser 110 in the left-right direction. groove. Hereinafter, specifically, Bright.

In addition, in this example, description will be given on the premise that the trimming stroke DS and the trimming speed V are set with the preset values DSd and Vd. Similarly, a description will be given on the premise that the rotation speed ω of the grinding wheel 16 is set to the preset value ωd.

As shown in FIG. 13A, the dresser 110 is driven by a driving mechanism 120 controlled by the controller 150, and faces at a position corresponding to the dressing stroke DS, that is, from one end (left end in the figure) in the width direction of the grinding wheel 16 The other end (the right end in the figure) separates the position (initial position) of the dressing stroke DS as a reference, and reciprocates in the left-right direction, thereby generating a plurality of pairs of dressing grooves on the grinding wheel 16. Specifically, the trimmer 110 performs a plurality of round trips (ie, the number of pairs of trimming grooves) under the control of the driving mechanism 120 based on the controller 150 as follows: from the initial position (see the figure The dresser 110 (solid line or one-point chain line) moves toward the grinding wheel 16 at a dressing speed V. If it reaches one end (left end) of the grinding wheel 16 (refer to the dresser 110 shown by the dotted line in the figure), it turns back and moves at a dressing speed V to initial position.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 13B, the moving step of the dresser 110 includes: the assisting step S0 from the initial position to the contact with the grinding wheel 16; and the dressing step S1, while grinding the work surface (outer peripheral surface) with the grinding wheel 16 Contact, while reciprocating in the width direction; and in the idling step S2, returning from one end (right end) of the grinding wheel 16 to the initial position, returning from the initial position again to reach one end (right end) of the grinding wheel 16. The dresser 110 repeats the round trip step consisting of the dressing step S1 and the idling step S2 after the initial assisting step S0, and generates a plurality of pairs of dressing grooves.

Here, in the case where a plurality of pairs of trimming grooves of the number Z are generated, the phase of the trimming grooves generated in the second and subsequent rounding steps must be phased relative to the trimming grooves generated in the previous round-trip step. The offset is 2π / Z [rad], that is, the circumferential direction pitch θ of the plurality of trimming grooves. That is, the angular position of contact with the grinding wheel 16 in a certain reciprocating step must be shifted from the angular position θ of the plurality of dressing grooves from the angular position of contact with the grinding wheel 16 at the beginning of the previous reciprocating step. In the following, the difference between the angular position where the wheel 16 comes into contact with the grinding wheel 16 in a certain round trip step and the angular position where it first comes into contact with the grinding wheel 16 in the previous round trip step, that is, the circumference of the grinding wheel 16 generated by the round trip step. The direction is converted into a phase difference of one rotation (2π [rad]), which is called a phase difference Φ generated by a round trip.

With the phase difference Φ [rad] generated by the round-trip step, the number of revolutions N of the grinding wheel 16 during the round-trip step can be used and expressed by the following formula (1).

In addition, int (N) represents an integer part of the number of revolutions N.

The number of revolutions N of the grinding wheel 16 during the round-trip step can be expressed by the following formula (2) using the rotation speed ω of the grinding wheel 16 and the time T required for the round-trip step.

N = ωT‧‧‧ (2)

In addition, the required time T for the round-trip step can be expressed by the following formula (3) using the dressing speed V and the dressing stroke DS.

T = 2DS / V‧‧‧ (3)

With this, the number of revolutions N of the grinding wheel 16 during the round-trip step can be obtained from the formula The rotation speed ω, the dressing speed V, and the dressing stroke DS of the grinding wheel 16 in (2) and (3) are expressed by the following formula (4).

N = 2ω‧DS / V‧‧‧ (4)

According to the formulas (1) and (4), the phase difference Φ generated by the round-trip step can be expressed by the rotation speed ω of the grinding wheel 16, the dressing speed V, and the dressing stroke DS. That is, the phase difference Φ can be adjusted by adjusting at least one of the rotation speed ω, the dressing speed V, and the dressing stroke DS of the grinding wheel 16.

If the rotational speed ω, the dressing speed V, and the dressing stroke DS of the grinding wheel 16 are the predetermined values Vd, DSd, and ωd, as described above, the phase difference Φ and the circumferential pitch θ of a plurality of dressing grooves (= When 2π / Z) are equal, the controller 150 causes the trimming machine 110 to perform the round-trip steps corresponding to the number Z in its default state (that is, the trimming step S1 in FIG. 13B and the solid-line idling step S2) Thus, a plurality of trimming grooves in pairs as shown in FIG. 4 (b) can be generated.

On the other hand, if there is a difference between the phase difference Φ generated by the round-trip step and the circumferential pitches θ of the plurality of dressing grooves, the rotation speed ω, dressing speed V, and dressing stroke DS of the grinding wheel 16 must be At least one of the values is changed from the default values Vd, DSd, and ωd so that the phase difference Φ generated by the round-trip step is equal to the circumferential direction pitch θ of the plurality of trimming grooves.

For example, changing the dressing stroke DS by changing the phase difference correction amount ΔΦ (= Φ-θ) from the phase difference Φ minus the circumferential pitch θ (see FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B) ), The phase difference Φ and the circumferential pitch θ of the plurality of trimming grooves can be made equal. The dressing stroke conversion correction amount △ X can be adjusted by the dressing speed V and the rotation speed ω of the grinding wheel 16 It is represented by following formula (5).

Therefore, the trimming stroke DS is set and changed to the value of the preset stroke DSd plus the trimming stroke conversion correction amount ΔX (the trimming stroke value DSc), so that the controller 150 simply changes the value corresponding to the trimming stroke DS (= DSc). ) 'S initial position (see the one-point chain trimmer 110 in FIG. 13A) to make the trimmer 110 go back and forth at a trimming speed V (= Vd) (that is, the trimming step S1 in FIG. 13B and the dotted idling step S2 ), A plurality of pairs of dressing grooves can be generated on the grinding wheel 16.

In addition, in this example, the dressing stroke DS was changed from the default value DSd, but the dressing speed V or the rotation speed ω of the grinding wheel 16 may be changed from the default values Vd and ωd, so that the phase difference Φ and The circumferential direction pitch θ of the plurality of trimming grooves is equal. In addition, in the idling step S2, the operation of the dresser 110 may be temporarily stopped for a time equivalent to the phase difference correction amount ΔΦ, so that the phase difference Φ is equal to the circumferential pitch θ of the plurality of dressing grooves. That is, in the idling step S2, a dwell time corresponding to the phase difference correction amount ΔΦ may be set. Moreover, in this example, the dressing stroke DS and the like are changed based on a predetermined state, but the rotation speed ω, the dressing speed V, and the dressing stroke DS of the grinding wheel 16 can be appropriately adjusted within a predetermined range so that the phase difference Φ and the complex number The circumferential direction pitch θ of the trimming grooves is equal.

As such, in this example, the rotation speed ω, the dressing speed V, and the dressing stroke DS of the grinding wheel 16 are set in advance so that the phase difference Φ generated by the reciprocating step and the circumferential pitch θ (= 2π / Z) are equal. borrow Accordingly, the controller 150 can generate a plurality of trimming grooves in pairs without using the rotation position detecting device 140.

[Fifth example of dressing method]

Next, referring to Fig. 14 (Figs. 14A to 14C), a fifth example of the dressing method of the dressing device 100 according to this embodiment will be described.

In this example, similarly to the first to fourth examples of the above-mentioned dressing method, the dressing device 100 generates a plurality of dressing grooves in pairs on the grinding work surface of the grinding wheel 16 and traces them. Perform the same trimming operation more than once for the generated plural pairs of trimming grooves.

For example, in the case of the first to third examples of the dressing device 100 of the present embodiment described above, the controller 150 adjusts the angular position of the grinding wheel 16 and the left and right positions of the dresser 110 based on the detection signal of the rotational position detecting device 140 ( The contact position of the grinding wheel 16 in the width direction) is appropriately synchronized, thereby making it possible to make the dresser 110 perform the second and subsequent dressing in the form of tracking a plurality of dressing grooves that are paired in the first dressing operation. operation. Further, for example, in the case of the dressing device 100 of the fourth example of the present embodiment, the rotation speed ω, the dressing speed V, and the dressing stroke DS of the grinding wheel 16 are set in advance so that the phase difference Φ and the circumferential direction knots of the plurality of dressing grooves are set. The distances θ may be equal. With this, the controller 150 can simply trace the dresser 110 to and from the initial position corresponding to the dressing stroke DS at the dressing speed V, and can track the pair of multiple dressing grooves generated in the first dressing operation. As such, the dresser 110 is caused to perform the second and subsequent dressing operations.

14A to 14C are diagrams showing a fourth example of a dressing method using the dressing apparatus 100 according to this embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 14A to FIG. 14C are the second and subsequent trimming operations to trace the trimming grooves formed by further trimming operations in the form of a plurality of pairs of trimming grooves generated by the first trimming operation. Diagram of change. More specifically, FIG. 14A is a diagram schematically showing the depth of the trimming groove generated by the first trimming operation, and FIG. 14B is a diagram schematically showing the depth of the trimming groove after the second trimming operation. 14C is a schematic representation of the Nth ( 3) The depth of the dressing groove after the dressing operation.

For example, as shown in FIG. 14A, in the first dressing operation, the contact depth (cut-in amount) of the grinding work surface of the grinding wheel 16 and the dresser 110 is set to a small value (for example, about 10 μm, less than 10 μm (Better), thereby generating shallower pairs of trimming grooves. The reason is that if the cut-in amount in one trimming operation is set to be large so that deep grooves are formed at one time, the phenomenon that the abrasive grains are broken (crushing phenomenon) or because the adhesive cannot bear the cutting force is connected. The phenomenon that the abrasive grains fall off together (falling off phenomenon) may not be able to obtain a deeper dressing groove.

As shown in FIGS. 14B and 14C, the second and subsequent trimming operations are performed so as to trace the trimming grooves generated in the first trimming operation. As described above, in the second dressing operation, the cutting amount of the dresser 110 for the grinding work surface of the grinding wheel 16 is also set to be small in order to suppress the crushing phenomenon or the falling phenomenon. Thereby, the respective depths of the paired dressing grooves of the grinding wheel 16 are gradually deepened each time the dressing operation is repeated.

So, in this example, trimming the generated plural pairs of traces The shape of the grooves is further trimmed, thereby suppressing the occurrence of breakage or peeling, etc., and generating a plurality of deeper pairs of trimming grooves. Specifically, in a single dressing operation, usually, only a dressing groove having a depth of less than 10 μm and a maximum depth of about 20 μm to 30 μm can be generated, but in this example, a very deep dressing groove exceeding 100 μm can be generated. Therefore, since the grinding wheel 16 which performs the dressing operation by the dressing method of this example has a very deep groove, the grinding powder can be discharged to the outside of the grinding wheel through the deep dressing groove. Therefore, the occurrence of clogging of the grinding wheel 16 can be suppressed, and the interval between performing the dressing operation (that is, the period from the dressing operation to the next dressing operation) can be made longer.

[Processing method using a grinding wheel formed with a plurality of pairs of dressing grooves]

Next, a processing method of the workpiece 12 using a grinding wheel 16 will be described with reference to FIG. 15 and FIG. 16. The grinding wheel 16 has a plurality of pairs of dressing grooves formed by the dressing method of this embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a processing method of the grinding wheel 16 after the dressing operation is performed by the dressing device 100 of the present embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 15 is a side view showing a state where a periodic grinder is formed on the surface of the material 12 to be cut by the surface grinder 1 equipped with the grinding wheel 16 after the dressing operation is performed by the dressing device 100 of the present embodiment.

In addition, in this example, a pair of four dressing grooves (the number Z = 4) are formed in the grinding wheel 16.

As shown in FIG. 15, the movable stage 10 moves in the X direction (left direction in the figure), whereby the workpiece 12 is fed in the X direction. The surface is ground by a rotating grinding wheel 16.

As described above, on the grinding work surface of the grinding wheel 16, two trimming peaks of twice the number Z (eight trimming peaks of twice the number of four in the case of this example) 16A are formed in the circumferential direction. Therefore, on the surface (grinded surface) of the material 12 to be ground, the distance by which the material 12 is fed in the X direction during the rotation of the grinding wheel 16 under a microscopic observation (that is, the movement of the movable stage 10) Distance) L forms a continuous pit 12A of 2‧Z corresponding to the 2‧Z (= 8) trim peak 16A formed on the outer periphery of the grinding wheel 16.

The control device 20 of the surface grinder 1 can synchronize the X-direction position of the movable stage 10 with the angular position of the grinding wheel 16 and repeat the reciprocating movement of the movable stage 10, thereby enabling the pair of trimming peaks 16A of the grinding wheel 16 to be formed on The portion of the periodic pit 12A of the workpiece 12 is repeatedly ground. Therefore, with the surface grinder 1, it is possible to form a periodic recess 12A in the feed direction having a large depth (for example, a depth of several tens μm to several hundreds μm) on the material 12 to be cut.

The moving distance L of the movable stage 10 for each revolution of the grinding wheel 16 can be expressed by the following formula (6) using the moving speed Vt of the movable stage 10 and the rotation speed ωg of the grinding wheel 16.

L = Vt / ωg‧‧‧ (6)

In addition, the feed direction of the periodic dimples 12A formed in the material to be cut 12, that is, the pitch p in the X direction, can be expressed by the following formula (7).

p = L / 2Z‧‧‧ (7)

For example, when the moving speed Vt of the movable stage 10 and the rotation speed ωg of the grinding wheel 16 are set to the conditions of the following formulas (8) and (9), the grinding wheel 16 The moving distance L of the movable stage 10 during one rotation can be calculated by the following formula (10).

Vt = 40 [m / min] ‧‧‧ (8)

ωg = 1000 [rpm] ‧‧‧ (9)

L = 0.04 [m] ‧‧‧ (10)

With this, the pitch p of the periodic pits 12A formed in the material to be cut 12 can be calculated by the following formula (11) when the number of pieces Z = 4.

p = 0.04 / 2‧4 = 0.005 [m] = 5 [mm] ‧‧‧ (11).

Similarly, for example, when 10 pairs of dressing grooves are formed on the grinding wheel 16, that is, when the number of pieces Z = 10, the pitch p is further shortened to be 2 [mm]. In addition, for example, when two pairs of dressing grooves are formed on the grinding wheel 16, that is, when the number of pieces Z = 2, the pitch p is 10 [mm].

Thus, according to the processing method of this example, that is, while synchronizing the dressing peaks of the grinding wheel 16 with the pits 12A formed on the surface of the material 12 to be cut, the dressing peaks of the grinding wheel 16 are used to pit 12A of the material 12 to be cut. Grinding is repeated, so that a large depth can be formed on the surface to be ground of the material 12 (for example, a range of 10 μm or less, and a depth of tens of μm to hundreds of μm is preferred). And it has a small continuous pitch 12A that is a periodic continuous pit 12A that is a pit length (for example, a range of 10 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less).

The periodically continuous pits 12A formed by the processing method of this example, as mentioned above, the pit length is small and the depth is large, so it is suitable as a lubricant in the dynamic pressure sliding guide surface (sliding surface) of the machine tool. Oil reservoir While using.

For example, FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a sliding surface (dynamic pressure sliding guide surface) in which a plurality of dimples 12A generated by the processing method shown in FIG. 15 can be applied. Specifically, FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view in the X direction showing an example of a detailed structure of the movable stage 10 in the surface grinder 1.

As shown in FIG. 16, the movable stage 10 includes a movable stage main body 10A and guided pin portions 10B provided at both ends in the Y direction below the movable stage main body.

The guided pin portion 10B is disposed on the guide rail 14 as a fixed portion provided on the surface grinder 1.

The lower surface of the guided pin portion 10B, that is, the sliding surface 10BS, slides with the rail surface 14S (an example of a fixed surface) of the rail 14 as the movable stage 10 moves in the X direction. That is, the sliding surface 10BS of the guided pin portion 10B corresponds to a dynamic pressure sliding guide surface. Therefore, by applying the processing method shown in FIG. 15 to the sliding surface 10BS of the lead portion 10B, it is possible to set a large depth and a small minute pit length continuously formed along the moving direction of the movable stage 10. A plurality of pits 12A. Thus, when the static friction between the sliding surface 10BS and the guide surface 14S becomes high in the stationary state of the movable stage 10, and the accuracy such as positioning tends to deteriorate, the plurality of dimples 12A can be used as an oil reservoir. And use, it is possible to reduce sliding resistance and improve accuracy. In addition, in order to form an oil reservoir on a dynamic pressure sliding guide surface, a process such as manual scraping must be performed. When the processing efficiency is significantly reduced, the surface grinder 1 can automatically form a plurality of pits. 12A, so it can greatly improve processing efficiency.

As mentioned above, although the form for implementing this invention was described in detail, this invention is not limited to these specific embodiment, Various deformation | transformation and change are possible within the range of the summary of this invention described in the patent application range.

In addition, this application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-98879 filed on May 17, 2016, and the entire contents of this Japanese patent application are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims (5)

A grinding wheel is a grinding wheel used in a grinding machine, comprising: a plurality of first spiral grooves provided on an outer peripheral surface; and a plurality of second spiral grooves provided on the outer peripheral surface, each of the plurality of second spiral grooves being respectively different from the foregoing The plurality of first spiral grooves intersect and are surrounded by two of the plurality of first spiral grooves adjacent to the outer peripheral surface and two of the plurality of second spiral grooves adjacent to the outer peripheral surface. There are three or more peaks per one turn of the outer peripheral surface. A grinding wheel is a grinding wheel used in a grinding machine, comprising: a plurality of first spiral grooves provided on an outer peripheral surface; and a plurality of second spiral grooves provided on the outer peripheral surface, each of the plurality of second spiral grooves being respectively different from the foregoing The plurality of first spiral grooves intersect, each of the plurality of first spiral grooves is parallel, each of the plurality of second spiral grooves is parallel, each of the plurality of first spiral grooves and each of the plurality of second spiral grooves, in the foregoing The amount of movement in the width direction per one revolution of the outer peripheral surface is 0.1 mm or more. Two adjacent ones of the plurality of first spiral grooves and the plurality of second spiral grooves in the width direction of the outer peripheral surface are phase-shifted. The interval between two adjacent ones is 0.5 mm or less, and the interval is smaller than the movement amount. The grinding wheel according to item 1 or 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein the depth of the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove is at least 10 μm or more. A grinding machine is characterized by comprising: a grinding wheel according to item 1 or 2 of the scope of patent application. The grinding machine according to item 4 of the scope of patent application, further comprising: a movable stage having a sliding surface that slides with the fixed surface, and the sliding surface is formed in a state of being continuously continuous along the moving direction of the movable stage. A plurality of pits having a depth of 10 μm or more and a length of 10 mm or less.