TWI630911B - 包含異菸鹼醯胺(isoniazid)顆粒及利福噴丁(rifapentine)顆粒之可分散錠劑型態的抗肺結核穩定醫藥組合物及其製備方法 - Google Patents
包含異菸鹼醯胺(isoniazid)顆粒及利福噴丁(rifapentine)顆粒之可分散錠劑型態的抗肺結核穩定醫藥組合物及其製備方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI630911B TWI630911B TW103125582A TW103125582A TWI630911B TW I630911 B TWI630911 B TW I630911B TW 103125582 A TW103125582 A TW 103125582A TW 103125582 A TW103125582 A TW 103125582A TW I630911 B TWI630911 B TW I630911B
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- Prior art keywords
- pharmaceutical composition
- granules
- oral pharmaceutical
- isonicotinamide
- rifapentin
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 239000008203 oral pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- VFQXVTODMYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 VFQXVTODMYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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Classifications
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- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
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- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種用於治療肺結核之可分散錠劑型態之固定劑量之口服醫藥組合物,該口服醫藥組合物包含:a)包含異菸鹼醯胺及至少一種顆粒內賦形劑之顆粒,b)包含利福噴丁(rifapentine)及至少一種顆粒內賦形劑之顆粒,及c)至少一種顆粒外賦形劑,且關於其製備方法。
Description
本發明係關於一種呈在獨立顆粒中包含兩種活性成分(即利福噴丁(rifapentine)及異菸鹼醯胺)之可分散錠劑型態之化學穩定抗肺結核固定劑量醫藥組合物。本發明亦提供該等抗肺結核醫藥組合物之製備方法。
傳染性疾病肺結核(TB)在世界範圍內為由單一人類病原體引起死亡之主要原因,與例如獲得性免疫缺陷症候群(AIDS)、瘧疾、痢疾、麻風及所有其他熱帶疾病之組合相比,其奪取更多成年人之生命(Zumla A,GrangeJ.B M J(1998)316,1962-1964)。目前,世界人口的大約三分之一經結核分枝桿菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)感染;彼等受感染者中之10%將罹患臨床疾病。根據WHO之統計數字,儘管人們罹患TB之比例已下降,但病例數目持續緩慢增加。受災最嚴重之地區為開發中國家,其中貧窮、其他疾病及衛生保健不足為因素。TB每年致死約一百六十萬人,其為繼HIV/AIDS之後全球死亡的
第二主要傳染病因。
目前,為有效治療TB,在治療之初始階段持續8週給予患者至少以下藥物之組合:異菸鹼醯胺、利福平及吡嗪醯胺,在此期間組合使用藥物以殺死Mtb之迅速繁殖種群以及防止耐藥性之出現。治療之此初始階段之後為24週之持續階段,在此期間給予患者至少以下藥物之組合:異菸鹼醯胺及利福噴丁。該長期組合治療並非總是成功的,尤其在產生耐藥性菌株之患者中。此外,與相對長期治療之順應性通常不佳。該非順應性可能導致治療失敗,使得產生耐藥性。
為控制耐藥性肺結核之出現,WHO建議使用錠劑型態的固定劑量組合(FDC),其在相同調配物中包含固定比例之兩種不同活性成分,即異菸鹼醯胺及利福噴丁。先前已揭示錠劑型態之FDC。
以SUKA PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD名義之WO 2007/43542揭示一種用於肺結核治療之醫藥組合物及套組。該醫藥組合物包含噁唑化合物、利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺,其可呈錠劑型態。
以GUANXIN CEN名義之CN 1717912揭示一種包含利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺之醫藥組合物,其可呈錠劑型態。
以SHUAIHUA MEDICINE SCI TECH CO名義之CN 185728揭示一種包含利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺之緩釋調配物(植入物),其可呈錠劑型態。
然而,熟習此項技術者熟知的是,由於與異菸鹼醯胺之非所需化學反應尤其在酸性胃環境之催化條件中,使用該等FDC可能降低利福噴丁之生物可用性(Prasad B.等人,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.2006;41:1438-1441.)。
因此,仍需要能夠防止利福噴丁之生物可用性降低以及與異菸鹼醯胺之非所需化學反應的包含利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺兩者之穩定抗肺結核口服醫藥組合物。
本申請人已發現,可藉由分別對兩種活性成分進行造粒且藉由將其引入醫藥組合物中提供兩種活性成分均具有令人滿意的生物可用性之該口服醫藥組合物。
本發明之第一個目的為一種用於肺結核治療之可分散錠劑型態之固定劑量口服醫藥組合物,該口服醫藥組合物包含:a)包含異菸鹼醯胺及至少一種顆粒內賦形劑之顆粒,b)包含利福噴丁及至少一種顆粒內賦形劑之顆粒,及c)至少一種顆粒外賦形劑。
本發明之另一個目的為一種用於製備本發明之口服醫藥組合物之方法,該方法包含對異菸鹼醯胺及利福噴丁進行造粒之不同步驟。
根據本發明之醫藥組合物為化學穩定的且適於藉由口服投與治療肺結核。
「化學穩定」意謂在60% RH及75% RH之間,在維持恆溫之溫度(包括25℃至30℃之通常及習用之工作環境)下儲存不到6個月之後,相對於錠劑中初始存在之利福噴丁的重量,由利福噴丁形成之雜質之總量小於8% w/w,且相對於錠劑中初始存在之異菸鹼醯胺的重量,由異菸鹼醯胺形成之雜質之總量小於2% w/w。
不與任何理論聯繫,咸信根據本發明之錠劑允許兩種活性物質之良好生物可用性,因為由於口服醫藥組合物之特殊構型,胃條件下之利福噴丁與異菸鹼醯胺之間的反應得以限制。
口服醫藥組合物為固定劑量組合物。「固定劑量組合物」意謂存在於單一劑量單位,即錠劑中之兩種藥物或活性成分之組合。
口服醫藥組合物包含兩種活性成分,即利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯
胺,以及醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
更確切言之,口服醫藥組合物包含:包含異菸鹼醯胺及至少一種顆粒內賦形劑之顆粒(異菸鹼醯胺顆粒),包含利福噴丁及至少一種顆粒內賦形劑之顆粒(利福噴丁顆粒),及至少一種顆粒外賦形劑。
如美國藥典對於可分散錠劑之要求,口服醫藥組合物之顆粒尺寸小於0.710mm。
口服醫藥組合物呈分散錠劑型態以便於(例如)兒童攝取。在投與之前,該可分散錠劑崩解至例如水之液體中。
可分散錠劑可為可分散單層錠劑或可分散雙層錠劑。
根據口服醫藥組合物為可分散雙層錠劑之實施例,口服醫藥組合物之一層包含異菸鹼醯胺顆粒及顆粒外賦形劑的至少一部分。口服醫藥組合物之另一層包含利福噴丁顆粒及至少剩餘的顆粒外賦形劑。
顆粒外賦形劑包含穩定劑。穩定劑選自包含抗壞血酸鈉、偏亞硫酸鈉、EDTA二鈉、丁基羥基化甲苯、檸檬酸、生育酚、丁基羥基茴香醚、抗壞血酸、酒石酸及其混合物之群。較佳地,顆粒外選自抗壞血酸鈉、偏亞硫酸鈉及其混合物。
顆粒外賦形劑亦可包含選自包含稀釋劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑、增溶劑、調味劑、甜味劑、助流劑及其混合物之群的化合物。
作為稀釋劑,可提及微晶纖維素、預糊化澱粉、磷酸二鈣、甘露醇及其混合物,較佳為微晶纖維素。
作為崩解劑,可提及交聚維酮(交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮)、交聯羧甲基纖維素、澱粉羥乙酸鈉、玉米澱粉、低取代羥丙基纖維素、褐藻酸,較佳為交聚維酮、澱粉羥乙酸鈉及其混合物。
作為潤滑劑,可提及粉狀潤滑劑,例如硬脂酸鎂、硬脂基反丁烯二酸鈉、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸、硬脂酸鋅、二十二烷酸甘油酯及其混合物,較佳為硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂及其混合物。
作為增溶劑,可提及月桂基硫酸鈉、Tween 80、PEG 4000及其混合物,較佳為月桂基硫酸鈉。
作為調味劑,可提及芒果調味劑、橙子調味劑、櫻桃調味劑、草莓調味劑及混合型水果調味劑。
作為甜味劑,可提及阿司帕坦(aspartame)、蔗糖、木糖醇及乙醯磺胺酸鉀,較佳為阿司帕坦。
作為助流劑,可提及膠態二氧化矽、氧化鎂、矽酸鎂,較佳為膠態二氧化矽。
根據一特定實施例,存在於異菸鹼醯胺顆粒中之顆粒內賦形劑與存在於利福噴丁顆粒中之顆粒內賦形劑不同。
顆粒內賦形劑選自包含稀釋劑、崩解劑、造粒黏合劑、穩定劑及其混合物之群。
稀釋劑、崩解劑及穩定劑如上所述。其可與用作顆粒外賦形劑之稀釋劑、崩解劑及穩定劑相同,或其可不同。
造粒黏合劑可選自聚維酮(諸如聚維酮K30或聚維酮K90)、羥丙基纖維素、聚乙烯醇、玉米澱粉、預糊化澱粉及其混合物,較佳為聚維酮,或羥丙基纖維素,或預糊化澱粉。
根據本發明之口服醫藥組合物可封裝於任意適合之封裝中,例如藉由封裝機封裝於雙層鋁質泡殼封裝中。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含100mg至400mg利福噴丁及40mg至400mg異菸鹼醯胺。
肺結核之治療為長期治療,在此期間之給藥方案為可變的。舉例而言,對於TB治療之初始階段,常見處方劑量為每週兩次600mg,持續兩個月,給藥間隔不少於連續3天(72小時),其與其他抗肺結核藥物組合至多2個月。該每週一次600mg之2個月階段之後為藉由使用異菸鹼醯胺或另一適合之抗結核劑之直接觀察療法的4個月階
段。異菸鹼醯胺之常見處方劑量為以單劑量之5mg/kg達至300毫克/天,及15mg/kg達至900毫克/天,每週兩至三次。
由於該類型之治療,可獲得利福噴丁/異菸鹼醯胺之比彼此不同之不同錠劑為有非常用的。
根據一實施例,利福噴丁與異菸鹼醯胺之比包含3:1至1:0.5,較佳地,利福噴丁與異菸鹼醯胺之比為1:1。
更具體而言,根據本發明之錠劑可含有150mg利福噴丁及150mg異菸鹼醯胺、120mg利福噴丁及50mg異菸鹼醯胺、90mg利福噴丁及50mg異菸鹼醯胺。
根據穩定劑為抗壞血酸鈉之較佳實施例,抗壞血酸鈉與利福噴丁之比包含1:100至1:0.1,較佳為1:40至1:20,更佳為1:35至1:25,且更佳為1:30。
相對於錠劑之總重量表示重量百分比。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含:- 5%至50%、較佳10%至30%且更佳14%至22%之利福噴丁,及- 5%至50%、較佳7.5%至30%且更佳9%至17%之異菸鹼醯胺。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含0.1%至80%、較佳20%至70%且更佳40%至60%之稀釋劑。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含0.1%至50%、較佳1%至40%且更佳1.5%至25%之崩解劑。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含0.1%至10%、較佳1%至7.5%且更佳1.25%至5%之黏合劑。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含0.1%至1%、較佳0.2%至0.8%且更佳0.4%至0.6%之潤滑劑。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含低於2%、較佳低於1.5%且更佳低於1%之增溶劑。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含0.1%至2%、較佳0.2%至1.5%且更佳0.5%至0.9%之穩定劑。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含低於2%、較佳低於1.5%且更佳低於1.1%之助流劑。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含0.1%至5%、較佳0.5%至3%且更佳0.9%至2%之調味劑。
根據一實施例,口服醫藥組合物包含0.1%至5%、較佳0.25%至4%且更佳0.4%至3%之甜味劑。
根據一實施例,可分散錠劑型態之的口服醫藥組合物之特徵在於硬度為50N至200N,較佳為75N至175N,更佳為100N至160N。
在硬度測試儀上量測硬度。將錠劑置放於兩臂之間,一個臂靜止且另一臂相對於靜止臂推送錠劑以壓碎錠劑。藉由裝置報導壓碎錠劑所施加之壓力。該等值以牛頓(Newton)或千帕斯卡(Kilopascal)為單位報導。
根據一實施例,可分散錠劑型態之口服醫藥組合物之特徵在於脆度低於5%,較佳低於2.5%,更佳低於1%。
脆度係在稱為脆度測定器之標準設備上量測。稱取20片錠劑且裝載於裝置中(或將6公克錠劑裝載於裝置中)。隨後以25RPM/min旋轉裝置100轉。將錠劑卸下且稱重。藉由下式測定脆度%:[(旋轉前錠劑重量-旋轉後錠劑重量)/初始重量]×100。
根據一實施例,可分散錠劑型態之口服醫藥組合物之特徵在於該可分散錠劑在水中於25℃下之崩解時間低於5分鐘,較佳低於3分鐘,且更佳低於2分鐘。
在900mL之純化水中量測崩解時間。將溫度維持於25℃下。崩解時間裝置由6個管構成,其中在各管底部具有2mm篩網,其以每分鐘浸泡30次操作。在各管中置入一片錠劑,且操作裝置直至整塊錠劑
破碎/崩解,亦即穿過2mm篩網。
根據另一目的,本發明係關於一種用於製備口服醫藥組合物之方法,其包含對異菸鹼醯胺進行造粒及對利福噴丁進行造粒之不同步驟。
根據一特定實施例,製備單層錠劑之方法包含以下步驟:a)製備異菸鹼醯胺顆粒,b)製備利福噴丁顆粒,c)將由步驟a)及b)得到之顆粒與顆粒外賦形劑混合,及d)壓製步驟c)之混合物,得到錠劑。
藉由濕法造粒進行造粒之不同步驟。
藉由造粒組合物進行濕法造粒,其中造粒組合物可為含水溶劑、液體黏合劑、有機溶劑,諸如異丙醇、丙酮及氯仿,較佳為含水溶劑。該造粒組合物亦可包含黏合劑、稀釋劑、崩解劑或其混合物。
濕法造粒之後,將顆粒乾燥。可將其過篩以提高及增強乾燥度。
隨後可將顆粒過篩以獲得均勻粒度及選出尺寸低於1.5mm、較佳低於1mm且更佳低於0.710mm之顆粒以均勻混合。
將所有顆粒外賦形劑一起混合,除了在混合結束時併入之潤滑劑。
在壓製之前,可將混合物過篩以具有均勻尺寸顆粒且因此便於壓製。
根據一特定實施例,製備雙層錠劑之方法包含以下步驟:a)製備包含異菸鹼醯胺顆粒及顆粒外賦形劑之至少一部分之層,b)製備包含利福噴丁顆粒及顆粒外賦形劑之剩餘部分之層,e)壓製步驟a)之層及步驟b)之層,得到雙層錠劑。
上述關於單層錠劑之不同步驟之特性亦適用於雙層錠劑。
製備層之步驟包含製備活性成分之顆粒,隨後將其與顆粒外賦形劑混合,接著過篩。本發明將更詳細地描述於以下實例中,該等實例僅用於說明性目的。
*在乾燥過程中除去,除痕量之外不呈現於最終產物中。
將微晶纖維素、預糊化澱粉及澱粉羥乙酸鈉分別通過0.425
mm、0.250mm及0.180mm篩網過篩。隨後將此等材料與利福噴丁通過0.500mm篩網共同過篩。
隨後將此等過篩之材料在快速混合器造粒機中以100rpm乾混20分鐘。
隨後,使用純化水在快速混合器造粒機中初始以125rpm之速度,且在切碎機中以1000rpm之速度持續3分30秒對其進行造粒。將相同摻合物以150rpm之速度,且在切碎機中以1000rpm之速度持續6分鐘進一步捏合,得到具有所需稠度之顆粒。
隨後將所得之濕顆粒在流化床乾燥器中於60℃至70℃之入口溫度下乾燥4.75小時。接著將所得乾燥顆粒通過0.600mm篩網過篩,選出尺寸低於0.710mm之經過篩之乾燥顆粒。
將抗壞血酸鈉及澱粉羥乙酸鈉通過0.180mm篩網過篩,將微晶纖維素及月桂基硫酸鈉通過0.425mm篩網過篩。隨後將此等經過篩之材料與所選經過篩之乾燥顆粒於雙錐摻合器中以18rpm之速度摻合25分鐘。
最後,使用硬脂酸鈣(通過0.250mm篩網過篩)於18rpm速度下之雙錐摻合器中對此混合物潤滑5分鐘。
將微晶纖維素及澱粉羥乙酸鈉首先分別通過0.425mm篩網及0.180mm篩網過篩。隨後將此等材料與異菸鹼醯胺通過0.425mm篩網共同過篩,隨後在快速混合器造粒機中乾混15分鐘。使用聚維酮K30溶解於純化水中之溶液在快速混合器造粒機中首先以100rpm對此所得摻合物造粒2分鐘。以125rpm且在切碎機中以1000rpm持續1.5分鐘進一步捏合相同摻合物以得到所需稠度之顆粒。
隨後將所得之濕顆粒在流化床乾燥器中於45℃至50℃之入口溫度下乾燥15分鐘。隨後將所得乾燥顆粒通過0.600mm篩網過篩以選出尺寸低於0.710mm之乾燥顆粒。
將澱粉羥乙酸鈉及芒果調味劑通過0.180mm篩網過篩,將微晶纖維素及阿司帕坦通過0.425mm篩網過篩。隨後將此等經過篩之材料與先前選出之乾燥顆粒在雙錐摻合器中以18rpm之速度摻合15分鐘。
最後使用硬脂酸鈣(通過0.250mm篩網過篩)於雙錐摻合器中以18rpm之速度對此混合物進行潤滑5分鐘。
如下獲得雙層錠劑:依次將第一摻合物引入第一層料斗中,隨後將第二摻合物引入第二層料斗中,且用15.5mm平面斜刃刀具(flat face bevelled edged tooling)壓製成雙層錠劑,獲得5.0mm厚度之雙層錠劑。其硬度等於150N且其崩解時間為30秒。
最後將可分散雙層錠劑封裝於鋁-鋁泡殼中。
在加速條件[40℃/75% RH]及實時條件[25℃/60% RH及30℃/75% RH]下對封裝之包衣雙層錠劑進行穩定性研究。在製備之後立即(初始)、在3個月及在6個月時進行藉由HPLC方法之分析。藉由HPLC方法之分析得到利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺相關物質之雜質總量。
表1顯示利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺在此等條件下之降解結果。結果表明利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺相關物質之雜質總量均低於規格。
*在乾燥過程中除去,除痕量之外不呈現於最終產物中。
如實例1所揭示製備顆粒,但使用上表中提及之成分。
首先將利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺之所選乾燥顆粒與以下顆粒外賦形劑摻合:微晶纖維素、交聚維酮、抗壞血酸鈉、澱粉羥乙酸鈉、阿司帕坦及芒果調味劑。隨後用膠態二氧化矽及硬脂酸鎂對所摻合物進行潤滑。最後,將潤滑之摻合物壓製成錠劑。
所得可分散單層錠劑之維度分別為20mm×10mm×6.34mm。其硬度等於155N且其崩解時間為100秒。
如同實例1對封裝之可分散單層錠劑進行穩定性研究。表2顯示利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯胺在此等條件下之降解。結果表明利福噴丁及異菸鹼醯相關物質之總雜質均低於規格。
Claims (11)
- 一種用於治療肺結核之可分散錠劑型態之固定劑量口服醫藥組合物,該口服醫藥組合物包含:a)包含異菸鹼醯胺及至少一種顆粒內賦形劑之顆粒,b)包含利福噴丁及至少一種顆粒內賦形劑之顆粒,及c)至少一種顆粒外賦形劑。
- 如請求項1之口服醫藥組合物,其中該口服醫藥組合物為化學穩定的。
- 如請求項1或2之口服醫藥組合物,其中該口服醫藥組合物呈可分散雙層錠劑型態,其包含:包含異菸鹼醯胺顆粒(a)及至少一種顆粒外賦形劑之層,及包含利福噴丁顆粒(b)及至少一種顆粒外賦形劑之層。
- 如請求項1或2之口服醫藥組合物,其中利福噴丁與異菸鹼醯胺之比為3:1至1:1。
- 如請求項1或2之口服醫藥組合物,其中該至少一種顆粒外賦形劑包含選自由抗壞血酸鈉、偏亞硫酸鈉、丁基羥基化甲苯、檸檬酸、生育酚、丁基羥基茴香醚、抗壞血酸、酒石酸及其混合物組成之群的穩定劑。
- 一種用於製備如請求項1至5中任一項之口服醫藥組合物之方法,其特徵在於其包含對異菸鹼醯胺進行造粒及對利福噴丁進行造粒之不同步驟。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中該等顆粒之製備係藉由濕法造粒進行。
- 如請求項6或7之方法,其中該方法包含以下步驟:a)製備該等異菸鹼醯胺顆粒,b)製備該等利福噴丁顆粒,c)將自步驟a)及b)得到之該等顆粒與顆粒外賦形劑混合,及d)壓製步驟c)之該混合物,得到錠劑。
- 如請求項6或7之方法,其中其包含以下步驟:a)製備該等異菸鹼醯胺顆粒,b)將自步驟a)得到之該等顆粒與該等顆粒外賦形劑的至少一部分混合,c)製備該等利福噴丁顆粒,d)將自步驟c)得到之該等顆粒與該等顆粒外賦形劑之剩餘部分混合,及e)壓製步驟b)及d)之該混合物,得到雙層錠劑。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中該顆粒外賦形劑包含選自由抗壞血酸鈉、偏亞硫酸鈉、丁基羥基化甲苯、檸檬酸、生育酚、丁基羥基茴香醚、抗壞血酸、酒石酸及其混合物組成之群的穩定劑。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該顆粒外賦形劑包含選自由抗壞血酸鈉、偏亞硫酸鈉、丁基羥基化甲苯、檸檬酸、生育酚、丁基羥基茴香醚、抗壞血酸、酒石酸及其混合物組成之群的穩定劑。
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