TWI626923B - 測量裝置 - Google Patents
測量裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D11/24—Housings ; Casings for instruments
- G01D11/245—Housings for sensors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1613—Component parts
- A61B17/1633—Sleeves, i.e. non-rotating parts surrounding the bit shaft, e.g. the sleeve forming a single unit with the bit shaft
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
- G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1613—Component parts
- A61B17/1622—Drill handpieces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1613—Component parts
- A61B17/1626—Control means; Display units
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1613—Component parts
- A61B17/1628—Motors; Power supplies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00982—General structural features
- A61B2017/00991—Telescopic means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/062—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for penetration depth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
- B23B2251/52—Depth indicators
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Abstract
在此揭露了一測量裝置(1)，該測量裝置被配置成用於接受一鑽頭(3)、並且確定該鑽頭(3)的相對位移。該測量裝置(1)被配置成用於部署在待鑽孔材料附近、進行重置、並且隨後確定鑽頭(3)相對位移。該測量裝置(1)可以在整形外科過程中用於確定在骨骼中開孔的深度。
Description
本申請要求於2012年5月16日提交的美國專利申請序號13/472,926之優先權，該申請揭露內容特此藉由引用結合在此，如同以其全文在此給出。
本發明涉及測量裝置、並且特別是一種用於測量骨骼中開孔深度的裝置。
在某些整形外科過程中，外科醫生必須在骨骼中鑽孔以便隨後容納某一類型螺釘。因此對於手頭過程必不可少的是要精確地確定在骨骼中已經鑽出的開孔深度，這樣使之能夠選擇適當的螺釘類型。
一常見的已知過程係在鑽孔之後使用一標準的機械式/電子式測深規來測量開孔的深度。然而，因為這個深度僅僅是在鑽孔已經完成之後確定的，這會導致獲得不正確的深度。另外，它還會要求幾個鑽孔步驟來獲得所希望的深度。從US 2010/0137874 A1中已知此類先前技術裝置。
另一已知的選項係使用帶有尺規和滑件來指示鑽孔深度的鑽機。然而，從這種尺規中獲得精確的讀數會是一麻煩的過程，尤其是在操作該鑽機時。這個問題在使用小直徑鑽頭時就被誇大了。
在一方面中，在此為鑽機提供了一測量裝置，該裝置包括一
感測器，該感測器被配置成用於接受一鑽頭並且確定該鑽頭之相對位移。這可以允許在鑽孔過程之中或之後容易並且精確地確定該鑽頭在開孔內之深度。
該感測器可以具有一用於接受鑽頭的導管。這可以允許該鑽頭的相對位移被確定。該感測器可以使用一增量編碼器用於精確地確定該位移。藉由鑽頭與一機械性、磁敏性、或者電磁性感測器相互作用可以觸發這個增量編碼器。一霍爾感測器或者一使用生成電磁場的部件的感測器可以用於此目的。
這種感測器可以有利地適配為與該鑽頭的一重複性特徵相互作用。這確保了在確定鑽頭的相對位移時的準確度。這種重複性特徵可以包括多個凹槽。該等凹槽可以填充有一塑膠材料，以便為該鑽頭創造一平齊的外表面，這有助於鑽頭的消毒。一塑膠材料諸如PEEK(聚醚醚酮)會係適合的。
可替代地，該裝置的感測器可以被適配為與一用於放置在鑽頭上的多極的磁性套管相互作用。這就允許使用標準鑽頭。
可替代地，該裝置的感測器可以被適配為與鑽頭的磁性塗層相互作用。這種磁性塗層可以具有多個磁極的一預定編碼序列。這就允許使用標準鑽頭。這種塗層可以被施加到一標準鑽頭上。
這種測量裝置可以包括一殼體，該殼體係與該感測器一體的。該殼體可以顯示該鑽頭的相對位移。這就為使用者提供了該開孔深度的一清楚的指示。可替代地，該殼體可以相對於該感測器遠程放置並且與其無線連通，從而給使用者提供顯示器的無遮攔的視野。
這種顯示器可以採取一觸控式螢幕的形式，用於協助與使用者的互動。這種顯示器還可以有利地指示基於鑽頭之相對位移所要求的一
螺釘/植入物的類型。該殼體還可以包括一重新開機按鈕用於在進行測量之前對該裝置進行設定。該殼體還可以包括一適用的電源和控制電路。
這種顯示器可提供一基於功能表的介面以便協助使用者的互動，該介面使用按鈕、跟蹤球、或者拇指操縱桿中的至少一項可以有利地進行導航。
根據本發明其他方面之多個實施方式包括一鑽頭或者鑽機，它被配置成用於同該測量裝置一起使用。
本發明進一步提供了一種使用測量裝置來確定鑽頭之相對位移之方法，該方法包括在一感測器內接受一鑽頭，通過該感測器感測該鑽頭之移動，並且確定該鑽頭之相對位移。
1‧‧‧測量裝置
3‧‧‧鑽頭
5‧‧‧導管
7‧‧‧增量編碼器
9‧‧‧磁鐵
11‧‧‧霍爾感測器
12‧‧‧磁極
12’‧‧‧磁極
12”‧‧‧磁極
13‧‧‧凹槽
13’‧‧‧凹槽
13”‧‧‧凹槽
15‧‧‧殼體
17‧‧‧顯示器
19‧‧‧重新開機按鈕
21‧‧‧端
23‧‧‧鑽機
25‧‧‧安裝裝置
現在將參見附圖對本發明進行詳細說明，在附圖中：圖1示出根據本發明的測量裝置之透視圖；圖2和圖2a示出根據本發明之鑽頭；圖3和圖4示出如何應用根據本發明之感測器；圖5示出用於同根據本發明之鑽頭一起使用的套管；圖6示出帶有根據本發明的磁性塗層之鑽頭；圖7和圖8示出根據本發明之鑽機。
在該等附圖中，一測量裝置1被配置成用於接受一鑽頭3、並且確定該鑽頭3之相對位移。該測量裝置包括用於接受並且引導鑽頭3的一導管5。導管5的長度和直徑可以被配置成用於容納多個鑽頭，該等鑽頭具有的直徑落入一特定範圍之內。可替代地，該導管可以被配置成用於容納一特定鑽頭。
測量裝置1進一步包括一增量編碼器7，用於測量鑽頭3之相對位移。藉由鑽頭與一機械性、磁敏性、或者電磁性感測器進行相互作用可以觸發這個增量編碼器。在所展示的實施方式中，一霍爾感測器11(見圖3)檢測到當鑽頭3相對於霍爾感測器11移動時在磁場中的變化。這個霍爾感測器還結合有一塊磁鐵9。磁場中的一週期性變化可以用於確立在鑽頭3穿過導管5移動時的相對位移。在一替代性實施方式中，使用了一差動變壓器式感測器來替代霍爾感測器11。這種感測器的一實例係由POSIC生產的“感測器ID1101G”，它目前被設計為用於齒輪齒的檢測。
根據本發明，對相對位移具有指示性的這種磁場的週期變化可以由鑽頭3的一重複性特徵來產生。這種重複性特徵可以採用圓周凹槽13，13’，13”的形式，該等圓周凹槽係沿著鑽頭3的長度佈置的。該等凹槽可以係截棱形的，如圖2A中所示。圖2A還表明了在本發明的一較佳的實施方式中按mm計的尺寸、以及截棱形的凹槽的節錐角。儘管示出為按規則間隔開的凹槽13，13’，13”，但是該等凹槽13，13’，13”可以是不規則地佈置的。該等凹槽13，13’，13”的間距可以根據手頭的過程所要求的公差進行設置。另外，該等凹槽可以填充有一塑膠材料，該塑膠材料較佳的是非磁性的。一示例性的塑膠材料係PEEK(聚醚醚酮)。這允許鑽頭3維持一平齊外表面，這有助於消毒。如圖1、3及4所示，該鑽頭3被接受於測量裝置1之殼體15的孔中且鑽頭3徑向地偏離被該殼體15所支撐的霍爾感測器11。鑽頭3之重複性特徵(凹槽13，13’，13”)係配置成被霍爾感測器11所感測。
確定磁場中週期性變化(它表明相對位移)的基礎性原則可以藉由其他手段來實施。處於磁敏感測器形式的其他手段包括磁敏電晶體、磁阻感測器、AMR磁強計、MEMS感測器、MEMS羅盤、磁通門磁力
計、或者一探察線圈式磁場感測器。其他手段包括使用帶有霍爾感測器的生成電磁場的部件，該霍爾感測器係由鑽頭3的重複性特徵來觸發的。可替代地，一機械性感測器可以被適配成由該等凹槽13，13’，13”來觸發。可替代地，如圖5中所示，用於接受鑽頭3的一套管10可以用於實現這種增量編碼器7。位於該套管上的磁極12，12’，12”可以觸發一感測器(未描繪出)，諸如一舌簧開關，由此提供一週期指示，該週期指示用於確立鑽頭3隨著它移動穿過導管5時的相對位移。該等磁極12，12’，12”可以根據測量裝置的設置而或者規則地或者不規則地進行佈置。該等磁極12，12’，12”的間距同樣可以根據手頭的過程所要求的公差進行設置。
作為使用套管10的一替代方案，圖6中示出的鑽頭3可以配備有一磁性塗層，該磁性塗層具有預先限定的多個磁極。
該測量裝置進一步包括一殼體15。儘管殼體15被描繪為與導管5成一體，但是它可以遠程地定位並且與增量編碼器7無線連通。該殼體包含一顯示器17，用於指示鑽頭3之相對位移。顯示器17可以採取LCD或LED顯示器形式，諸如七段顯示器。
一重新開機按鈕19允許將測量重置為零。該顯示器將從增量編碼器7處接受一輸出、並且指示鑽頭3從它在重新開機按鈕19被按下時所處位置的相對移動。這允許測量裝置1相對於該鑽頭在開始鑽孔和/或測量之前的情況採用一寬位置範圍。如果使用了一依次鑽出多個不同直徑孔的鑽孔過程，這也可以是特別有用的。
顯示器17可以任選地包括觸控式螢幕，該觸控式螢幕與一基於功能表的使用者介面功能性地成為一體(未描繪)。另外，該等使用者介面可以使用按鈕、跟蹤球、或者拇指操縱桿(未描繪)中的至少一項進行導航。該顯示器可以進一步為使用者指示基於所測量的鑽頭相對位移並
且(以及因此所鑽出的孔)所要求的螺釘/植入物的類型。這位元使用者可以任選地對該裝置進行配置以便在指示一所要求的螺釘/植入物的類型時對所測量的相對位移施加一偏移。這位使用者還可以指出有待用於鑽孔的鑽頭3的類型，這樣使得增量編碼器可以相應地進行校準。
殼體15還包含了控制電路和一電源。該電源可以由重新開機按鈕19進行控制。
現在將說明使用該裝置的一示例性方法。將該測量裝置以導管的一端21平齊地放置在有待鑽孔的材料(例如，骨骼皮層)上。在該導管內接受了一鑽頭3。將裝置的重新開機按鈕19按下而將該裝置‘置零’。鑽孔操作開始。鑽頭3隨著圓周凹槽13，13’，13”(放置為實質上彼此平行並且實質上垂直於鑽頭的長度)移動通過霍爾感測器11(它被放置在鑽頭旁相距約0.6mm處)產生了磁場的一週期性變化。這種週期性變化重複發生的次數表明了鑽頭3的相對位移、並且在顯示器17上顯示出。此後，可以在該顯示器上表明一適當的螺釘/植入物類型。
儘管該裝置能夠以一徒手方式脫離鑽機使用(如在不允許鑽頭之外的任何其他物品進入的受限制的區域內可能發生的情況下)，該裝置可以容易地適配成與鑽機23連接為一體。一安裝裝置25允許鑽頭相對於測量裝置1而移動。這確保了來自該測量裝置1的準確位移讀數。測量裝置1還可以與不同引導儀器一起使用，該等引導儀器係本領域所熟知，諸如瞄準臂。
應認識到本說明書僅僅是作為舉例；無需脫離如在申請專利範圍中限定的本發明範圍即可對所說明實施方式做出多種變更和修改。
Claims (14)
- 一種鑽頭，包括一重複性特徵，配置成與一測量裝置相互作用，以確定該鑽頭之相對位移，其中，該重複性特徵係由一鐵的磁性材料所界定。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鑽頭，其中該重複性特徵包括多個圓周凹槽，其係沿該鑽頭之一長度佈置。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之鑽頭，其中，該等凹槽係平行並且實質上垂直於該鑽頭的該長度。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之鑽頭，其中，該等凹槽填充有一塑膠材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之鑽頭，其中，該塑膠材料包括聚醚醚酮。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鑽頭，其中，該鑽頭包括一多極的磁性套管，其限定該重複性特徵。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鑽頭，其中，該鑽頭包括一磁性塗層，其限定該重複性特徵。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之鑽頭，其中，該磁性塗層包括多個磁極的一預定編碼序列。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項所述之鑽頭，其中，該鑽頭包括一近端、一遠端及介於該近端與該遠端之間的一中間部分，該中間部分包括該重複性特徵。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之鑽頭，其中，該遠端包括多個切割表面，其配置成切割入一目標部位。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之鑽頭，其中，該重複性特徵係介於該近端與該等切割表面之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之鑽頭，其中該重複性特徵限定一重複圖案(repeating pattern)，其係不同於由該等切割表面限定之一圖案。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鑽頭，其中該重複性特徵係藉由一非磁性的材料彼此隔開。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鑽頭，其中該鑽頭係設定尺寸並配置成被接受於該測量裝置之一殼體的一開孔中，以致該鑽頭徑向地偏離一感測器，該感測器係被該殼體支撐，且該重複性特徵係配置成被該感測器所感測。
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| US13/472,926 US8970207B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2012-05-16 | Device for measuring drill bit displacement |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI583344B (zh) | 2017-05-21 |
| WO2013173138A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| TW201350078A (zh) | 2013-12-16 |
| US8970207B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
| US20130307529A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| TW201726068A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
| IN2014DN10671A (zh) | 2015-08-28 |
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