TWI625919B - 電源保持電路裝置 - Google Patents

電源保持電路裝置 Download PDF

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TWI625919B
TWI625919B TW105142968A TW105142968A TWI625919B TW I625919 B TWI625919 B TW I625919B TW 105142968 A TW105142968 A TW 105142968A TW 105142968 A TW105142968 A TW 105142968A TW I625919 B TWI625919 B TW I625919B
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junction type
bipolar junction
type transistor
field effect
circuit device
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TW105142968A
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TW201824699A (zh
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王裕龍
蘇協泰
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財團法人工業技術研究院
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Priority to TW105142968A priority Critical patent/TWI625919B/zh
Priority to CN201611238143.1A priority patent/CN108242829A/zh
Priority to US15/845,403 priority patent/US20180183428A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0822—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0084—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to control modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/044—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using a semiconductor device to sense the temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
    • H02H3/243—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage for DC systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一種電源保持電路裝置，係應用於車用微控制器、車用電瓶、及啟動開關之間，包括金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元、第一雙極性接面型電晶體、第二雙極性接面型電晶體。

Description

電源保持電路裝置
本案係為一種電源保持電路裝置，尤指一種藉由金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體與雙極性接面型電晶體之協同運作，避免車用微控制器於意外斷電時無法完成資料處理之電源保持電路裝置。
因應車輛的智慧化與電子化之趨勢，具有管理車內電子設備及記錄行駛數據等功能之車用微處理器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)的重要性，日益增加。
車用微處理器的電源供應來源一般係以車用電瓶為主，並藉由啟動開關(ignition switch,IGN)開啟或關閉。然而，車輛在若干無預警狀況下關機或是訊號不穩定時，車用電瓶輸出到車用微處理器之電源會突然斷電，此時，除了會帶給車輛駕駛人異常感之外，車用微處理器也會來不及處理資料從而造成資料數據之損失。再者，車輛之其它系統內部元件在此無預警狀況下關機，也會造成車用微處理器之劣化，或是減短車用微處理器之使用壽命。
因此，如何解決異常斷電所造成車用微處理器劣化及保護數據資料，實已成業界亟欲解決的課題。
為了解決習知技術之種種缺失，本案提供了一種應用於車用微控制器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)、車用電瓶、及啟動開關(ignition switch,IGN)之間的電源保持電路裝置。
為了達到上述目的或其它目的，本案係提供一種電源保持電路裝置，係應用於車用微控制器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)、車用電瓶、及啟動開關(ignition switch,IGN)之間，包括：金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元，係與該車用電瓶連接；第一雙極性接面型電晶體，係與該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元及該啟動開關連接；以及第二雙極性接面型電晶體，係與該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元及該車用微控制器連接。
10‧‧‧車用微控制器
11‧‧‧車用電瓶
12‧‧‧啟動開關
13‧‧‧金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元
130‧‧‧P通道場效電晶體
131‧‧‧齊納二極體
132、133‧‧‧電阻
14‧‧‧第一雙極性接面型電晶體
15‧‧‧第二雙極性接面型電晶體
16‧‧‧電磁兼容單元
17‧‧‧第一過電壓保護單元
18‧‧‧第二過電壓保護單元
19‧‧‧濾波單元
25、35‧‧‧電感
26、27、28、30、31、38‧‧‧電容
29、36‧‧‧二極體
32、33‧‧‧齊納二極體
37‧‧‧電阻
第1圖係為本案之電源保持電路裝置之模組示意圖；以及第2圖係為本案之電源保持電路裝置之一實施例之電路示意圖。
以下藉由特定之具體實施例加以說明本揭露之實施方式，而熟悉此技術之人士可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地瞭解本揭露之其他優點和功效，亦可藉由其他不同的具體實施例加以施行或應用。
請一併參閱第1圖及第2圖，第1圖係為本案之電源保持電路裝置之模組示意圖，第2圖係為本案之電源保持 電路裝置之一實施例之電路示意圖。
如圖所示，本案之電源保持電路裝置包括係應用於車用微控制器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)10、車用電瓶11、及啟動開關(ignition switch,IGN)12之間，包括：金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13、第一雙極性接面型電晶體14、第二雙極性接面型電晶體15、電磁兼容(Electromagnetic Compatibility,EMC)單元16、第一過電壓保護單元17、第二過電壓保護單元18、以及濾波單元19。
需先說明的是，依據實際需求，本案揭露之電源保持電路裝置，得彈性地未設置電磁兼容(Electromagnetic Compatibility,EMC)單元16、第一過電壓保護單元17、第二過電壓保護單元18、以及濾波單元19中之一者或多者。
金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13係與該車用電瓶11連接；於本實施例中，該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13係可具備P通道場效電晶體130、跨接於該P通道場效電晶體之閘極(Gate)與源級(Source)之齊納二極體131、及與該齊納二極體131連接之複數個電阻132、133。
第一雙極性接面型電晶體14係與該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13及該啟動開關12連接；第二雙極性接面型電晶體15係與該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13及該車用微控制器10連接。於本實施例中，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體14及第二雙極性接面型電晶體15皆可為npn型電晶體，其中，該第一雙極性接面型電 晶體14及第二雙極性接面型電晶體15之集極(collector)，皆係與該P通道場效電晶體130之閘極(Gate)連接。
於本實施例中，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體14之基極(Base)係可與該啟動開關12連接，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體14之射極(Emitter)係可接地。該第二雙極性接面型電晶體15之基極(Base)係可與該車用微控制器10連接，該第二雙極性接面型電晶體15之射極(Emitter)係接地。
電磁兼容(Electromagnetic Compatibility,EMC)單元16係連接於該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13與該車用電瓶11之間。如圖所示，電磁兼容單元16係可具備電感25，電感25之一端係連接單一個電容26，電感25之另一端係連接並聯之兩個電容27、28及與其串聯之二極體29。
第一過電壓保護單元17係與該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13連接；如圖所示，第一過電壓保護單元17可由並聯之複數個電容30、31及齊納二極體32所構成。第二過電壓保護單元18係與該車用微控制器10及該第一雙極性接面型電晶體14連接。如圖所示，該第二過電壓保護單元18係可具備齊納二極體33。
濾波單元19係連接於該第一雙極性接面型電晶體14及該啟動開關12之間。如圖所示，濾波單元19包含串聯之電阻37、電感35及二極體36，以及一接地之電容38。
申言之，由於金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13可具備P通道場效電晶體130，當P通道場效電晶體130之源極接腳連接車用電瓶11之電源，P通道場效電晶體130 之閘極接腳連接車用微控制器10以輸入電源。當P通道場效電晶體130之閘極接腳為低準位時，P通道場效電晶體130會打開以令車用電瓶11之電源得以流入到車用微控制器10；而當P通道場效電晶體130之閘極接腳為高準位時，P通道場效電晶體130即會關閉電源之輸入。
再者，例如為npn型電晶體之該第一雙極性接面型電晶體14及第二雙極性接面型電晶體15，兩者的集極(collector)皆共同透過電阻132連接至P通道場效電晶體130之閘極，其中，第一雙極性接面型電晶體14之基極(base)係可連接啟動開關12及車用微控制器10之輸入接腳，第二雙極性接面型電晶體15之基極係可連接車用微控制器10之輸出接腳，而第一雙極性接面型電晶體14及第二雙極性接面型電晶體15的射極係接地。
第一雙極性接面型電晶體14及第二雙極性接面型電晶體15的功用，係為當第一雙極性接面型電晶體14之基極或第二雙極性接面型電晶體15之基極中的一者為高準位時，集極與射極會導通接地，此時，即工作在飽和區(saturation)。而如果當第一雙極性接面型電晶體14之基極及第二雙極性接面型電晶體15之基極皆為低準位時，第一雙極性接面型電晶體14及第二雙極性接面型電晶體15會關閉，此時車用電瓶11之電源即無法進入車用微控制器10內部。
具體實施時，該車用微控制器10判斷該啟動開關12之電壓值小於預定之最小限制值時，該第一雙極性接面型 電晶體14係關閉(turn off)，接著，若該車用微控制器10判斷係在處理資料狀態中，則會送出電壓保持訊號令該第二雙極性接面型電晶體15導通(turn on)，若該車用微控制器10判斷已處理資料完畢時，則係令該第二雙極性接面型電晶體15關閉(turn off)；且其中，當該車用微控制器10判斷該啟動開關12之電壓值大於該最小限制值時，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體14及該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元13係導通(turn on)，以於該車用微控制器10判斷係處於處理資料狀態中，進一步令該第二雙極性接面型電晶體15導通(turn on)。
據此，本案即令該車用微控制器10具有異常斷電後能繼續處理資料的功能，且具有電路面積小、製造成本低之優勢，復能額外連接多個不同致能型態的電源轉化IC，充分地解決習知技術中車用微控制器在車用電瓶意外無法供電時的電源安全管理疑慮。
上述實施形態僅為例示性說明本揭露之技術原理、特點及其功效，並非用以限制本揭露之可實施範疇，任何熟習此技術之人士均可在不違背本揭露之精神與範疇下，對上述實施形態進行修飾與改變。然任何運用本揭露所教示內容而完成之等效修飾及改變，均仍應為下述之申請專利範圍所涵蓋。而本揭露之權利保護範圍，應如下述之申請專利範圍所列。

Claims (10)

  1. 一種電源保持電路裝置，係應用於車用微控制器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)、車用電瓶、及啟動開關(ignition switch,IGN)之間，包括：金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元，係與該車用電瓶連接；第一雙極性接面型電晶體，係與該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元及該啟動開關連接；第二雙極性接面型電晶體，係與該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元及該車用微控制器連接；以及電磁兼容(Electromagnetic Compatibility,EMC)單元，係連接於該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元與該車用電瓶之間。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電源保持電路裝置，其中，該車用微控制器判斷該啟動開關之電壓值小於最小限制值時，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體係關閉(turn off)，若該車用微控制器於處理資料中，則送出電壓保持訊號以令該第二雙極性接面型電晶體導通(turn on)，若該車用微控制器於處理資料完畢時，則令該第二雙極性接面型電晶體關閉(turn off)。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電源保持電路裝置，其中，當該車用微控制器判斷該啟動開關之電壓值大於該最小限制值時，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體及該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元係導通(turn on)，以於 該車用微控制器於處理資料中，進一步令該第二雙極性接面型電晶體導通(turn on)。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電源保持電路裝置，其中，該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元係具備P通道場效電晶體、跨接於該P通道場效電晶體之閘極(Gate)與源級(Source)之齊納二極體、及與該齊納二極體連接之複數個電阻。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之電源保持電路裝置，其中，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體及第二雙極性接面型電晶體皆為npn型電晶體，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體及第二雙極性接面型電晶體之集極(collector)，皆係與該P通道場效電晶體之閘極(Gate)連接。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電源保持電路裝置，其中，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體之基極(Base)係與該啟動開關連接，該第一雙極性接面型電晶體之射極(Emitter)係接地。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電源保持電路裝置，其中，該第二雙極性接面型電晶體之基極(Base)係與該車用微控制器(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)連接，該第二雙極性接面型電晶體之射極(Emitter)係接地。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電源保持電路裝置，另包括第一過電壓保護單元，係與該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體開關單元連接。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電源保持電路裝置，另包 括第二過電壓保護單元，係與該車用微控制器及該第一雙極性接面型電晶體連接。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電源保持電路裝置，另包括濾波單元，係連接於該第一雙極性接面型電晶體及該啟動開關之間。
TW105142968A 2016-12-23 2016-12-23 電源保持電路裝置 TWI625919B (zh)

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CN201611238143.1A CN108242829A (zh) 2016-12-23 2016-12-28 电源保持电路装置
US15/845,403 US20180183428A1 (en) 2016-12-23 2017-12-18 Power holding circuit device

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