TWI599486B - An agricultural composite stretch film - Google Patents
An agricultural composite stretch film Download PDFInfo
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- TWI599486B TWI599486B TW104134459A TW104134459A TWI599486B TW I599486 B TWI599486 B TW I599486B TW 104134459 A TW104134459 A TW 104134459A TW 104134459 A TW104134459 A TW 104134459A TW I599486 B TWI599486 B TW I599486B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/03—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features
- B32B7/035—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features using arrangements of stretched films, e.g. of mono-axially stretched films arranged alternately
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
- B29C69/02—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore of moulding techniques only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29D7/01—Films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B7/03—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/10—Interconnection of layers at least one layer having inter-reactive properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/003—PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0081—Tear strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/42—Alternating layers, e.g. ABAB(C), AABBAABB(C)
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
- B32B2307/516—Oriented mono-axially
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
- B32B2307/518—Oriented bi-axially
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- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
- B32B2307/52—Oriented multi-axially
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/582—Tearability
- B32B2307/5825—Tear resistant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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- B32B2307/716—Degradable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Description
本發明涉及一種農用複合拉伸膜,屬於高分子材料技術領域。
塑膠膜具有質地輕、價格較低、性能優良、使用和運輸方便等優點,因而成為我國目前設施農業中使用面積最大的覆蓋材料。我國目前使用的農用膜按其母料可分為聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯(PE),乙烯-醋酸乙烯(EVA)膜三大類。一般單層膜厚度為0.1~0.2mm;雙層充氣膜厚度為0.2mm左右。PVC膜高低溫力學性能差,不環保,正在被逐漸淘汰;PE膜透光性和EVA膜相當,但耐老化性,保溫性差,需要多次做抗霧滴處理;EVA膜在透光性、耐候性、保溫性、柔韌性、流滴性都優於PVC和PE棚膜,但抗霧滴性不穩定,透光性衰減快,且透光率僅達82%,對紅外輻射的阻隔性即保溫性也不夠好。且上述農用膜目前均存在抗撕裂性能不理想的問題,影響了使用壽命和增加了農業生產成本。
雖然研究分析表明:聚酯膜(主要為PET膜)具有良好的物理性能、化學性能、耐久性能等,可以大幅度提高溫室保溫性能、透光性能、無滴性能和使用年限,可改善溫室光溫環境,可大幅度降低能耗、節約能源、減少環境污染。但現有聚酯膜仍然存在抗撕裂性能不好的問題,以致使用成本相對較高,從而限制了其在農業設施中的普及應用。
另外,單向或雙向拉伸膜,如雙向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP),雙向拉伸聚酯(BOPET)等,雖然由於其高分子主鏈在拉伸時高度有序排列,具有高透光性特徵, 被廣泛應用於包裝行業中,但由於其撕裂性能差,無法應用於設施農業中,特別是大棚農膜的應用中。
隨著我國設施園藝產業和透光覆蓋材料的不斷發展,現在迫切需要研製一種能廣泛應用于連棟溫室、單棟溫室、日光溫室等具有高保溫、高透光、防塵防霧滴、使用壽命長久、抗拉抗撕裂性能好的多功能農用膜,並且要求生產成本低、節能和能夠回收再利用,為現代化農業提供新型、實用、安全、環保的生產資料。
針對習知技術存在的上述缺陷和市場需求,本發明旨在提供一種農用複合拉伸膜,解決現有農用膜的抗撕裂性能不佳的問題,提高拉伸工藝製作的各種薄膜如BOPE、BOPP、BOPET等的抗撕裂性能,為農業設施提供抗拉抗撕裂性能好、使用壽命長及使用成本低的農用膜。
為實現上述發明目的,本發明採用的技術方案如下:
一種農用複合拉伸膜,是由兩層拉伸薄膜按主拉方向相交叉形式通過粘膠熱壓複合形成。
作為優選方案,兩層拉伸薄膜的主拉方向形成30~150度夾角。
作為進一步優選方案,兩層拉伸薄膜的主拉方向形成60~120度夾角。
作為更進一步優選方案,兩層拉伸薄膜的主拉方向形成90度夾角。
作為優選方案,所述的拉伸薄膜為不對稱拉伸薄膜,包括單向拉伸薄膜和不對稱雙向拉伸薄膜。
作為進一步優選方案,所述的不對稱拉伸薄膜採用平膜法生產。
作為進一步優選方案,不對稱拉伸薄膜的主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(1.2:1)~(4:1)。
作為更進一步優選方案,不對稱拉伸薄膜的主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(1.4:1)~(3.5:1)。
本發明所述的拉伸薄膜可採用現有的具有高透光性和保溫性的各種適於農用的拉伸膜原料製得,例如:PE、PP、PO、EVA、聚酯原料等,以選用聚酯原料較好,尤其以選用PET或改性PET原料較好。當採用可降解改性PET原料(如:US8530612B2、US8722847、CN200980135154.9、CN201210380279.1、US13/968938、US14/244936、CN201210370366.6等專利或專利申請中所公開的可降解改性PET)時,還將具有節能環保的深遠意義。
本發明中所述的不對稱拉伸是指在雙向拉伸時,某一方向(縱向或橫向)的拉伸倍數比另一方向的拉伸倍數大。不對稱拉伸的極端情況就是單向拉伸,即:只在其中的一個方向上拉伸、而另一個方向上完全不拉伸。在不對稱拉伸中,拉伸倍數大的方向為主拉方向,拉伸倍數小的方向為輔拉方向;在單向拉伸中,拉伸方向為主拉方向,未拉伸方向為輔拉方向。
本發明中所述的平膜法是指先使用擠出機擠出粒料,經T型口模流延出厚膜,驟冷後在加熱輥筒上加熱到拉伸溫度,然後進行同步或非同步拉伸,最後進行定型。所謂同步拉伸是指縱、橫兩個方向是同時進行拉伸的,所謂非同步拉伸是指先在一個方向拉伸,然後再在另一個方向上進行拉伸。本發明不限定是同步拉伸還是非同步拉伸所得的拉伸薄膜,每層拉伸薄膜的厚度也不限定,可根據具體應用進行設計。
本發明進行熱壓複合或紫外光複合所用的粘膠為現有的用於薄膜粘合的不含溶劑的膠粘劑或含有溶劑的膠水,優選為不含溶劑的雙組份聚氨酯膠粘劑。
與習知技術相比,本發明具有如下顯著性進步:本發明所提供的農用複合拉伸膜較相同厚度的單層現有農用膜(如:EVA膜、PE膜、PO膜),不僅橫向拉伸強度和縱向拉伸強度均得到顯著提高,且橫向撕裂強度和縱向撕裂強度也得到顯著提高,可實現較薄厚度就能滿足農用性能要求,以降低使用成本;當所述複合拉伸膜採用聚酯原料製備時,還具有高透光率且透光率隨時間變化小,可縮短農作物的生長週期或增加畝產量,提高農作物的品質,具有更好的保溫性能、力學性能、紫外光阻隔性能、防塵性能和更長的使用壽命等優點;尤其是,當採用可降解聚酯原料製備時,還具有節能環保的深遠意義;另外,本發明所提供的農用複合拉伸膜結構簡單,易於實現規模化生產。
下面結合實施例對本發明技術方案做進一步詳細、完整地說明。
實施例中所用的PET拉伸薄膜樣品採用平膜法製備:先將PET樹脂在多層擠出設備(由南京創博機械設備有限公司提供)上製成厚度約140~560mm的流延膜片;然後將流延膜片置於薄膜拉伸試驗機(由布魯克納公司提供),用夾具夾好,升溫至115℃,按設定的程序(拉伸倍數)進行拉伸;拉好的PET薄膜在空氣中迅速冷卻定型。
實施例中關於拉伸性能的測定是使用CH-9002A-20多功能拉伸試驗儀(由蘇州寶昀通檢測設備有限公司提供),將樣品裁切成拉伸測試標樣尺寸“寬1.0~2.6cm,長15~25cm”,然後設定夾具間距為100mm,用測試夾具分別夾住樣條兩頭(間距為100mm),由自動程式控制開始按照設定條件拉伸測試並收集資料。
實施例中關於撕裂性能的測定是使用CH-9002A-20功能拉絲撕裂測試儀(由蘇州寶昀通檢測設備有限公司提供):將樣品薄膜沿測試撕裂方向剪開約20mm缺口,用測試夾具分別夾住缺口兩邊。由自動程式控制開始撕裂並收集資料。
實施例1
在一層PET拉伸薄膜的一面上均勻塗抹膠水(例如:研泰公司生產的TS9002A或TS9002B或TS9002C膠水),待溶劑揮發後,將另一層PET拉伸薄膜覆蓋其上,並使第二層PET拉伸薄膜的主拉方向(拉伸倍數高的方向)與第一層PET拉伸薄膜的主拉方向成90 度夾角,使複合膜通過60~85℃(具體的熱軋溫度視使用的膠水而定)的滾筒進行熱軋,然後在室溫下放置至完全固化。
表1所示是按本實施例方法由主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比不同的PET拉伸薄膜所形成的複合膜的撕裂性能比較。 【表1】
由表1可見:採用本發明方法獲得的PET複合拉伸膜的撕裂強度均較相同厚度的單層PET雙向拉伸膜顯著提高;雖然樣品越厚,撕裂強度越大,但150微米厚度的單層PET雙向拉伸膜的撕裂強度仍然只有19.86牛頓/毫米,而本發明獲得的100微米厚度的PET複合拉伸膜(主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為2.7時)的撕裂強度可達337.27牛頓/毫米,撕裂性能得到了顯著提高;且不對稱度越高,缺口撕裂強度越大;當主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(1.4:1)~(3.5:1)時,缺口撕裂強度可達240~340牛頓/毫米;但當主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為4時,即使厚度增加到150微米,撕裂強度仍然呈現下降趨勢。
實施例2
在一層PET拉伸薄膜的一面上均勻塗抹膠粘劑(例如:漢高公司生產的6062A或7725B膠),然後將另一層PET拉伸薄膜覆蓋其上,並使第二層PET拉伸薄膜的主拉方向(拉伸倍數高的方向)與第一層PET拉伸薄膜的主拉方向成90 度夾角,使複合膜通過60~85℃(具體的熱軋溫度視使用的膠水而定)的滾筒進行熱軋,然後在室溫下放置至完全固化。
表2所示是按本實施例方法由主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比不同的PET拉伸薄膜所形成的複合膜的撕裂性能比較。 【表2】
由表2可見:採用本發明方法獲得的PET複合拉伸膜的撕裂強度均較相同厚度的單層PET雙向拉伸膜顯著提高;雖然樣品越厚,撕裂強度越大,但150微米厚度的單層PET雙向拉伸膜的撕裂強度仍然只有19.86牛頓/毫米,而本發明獲得的100微米厚度的PET複合拉伸膜(主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為3.5時)的撕裂強度可達609.79牛頓/毫米,撕裂性能得到了顯著提高;且不對稱度越高,缺口撕裂強度越大;當主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(2:1)~(3.5:1)時,缺口撕裂強度可達340~610牛頓/毫米;但當主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為4時,即使厚度增加到150微米,撕裂強度仍然呈現下降趨勢。
對比表1和表2發現:熱壓複合使用含有溶劑的膠水,可能會因為含有的溶劑造成拉伸薄膜中分子取向排列鬆弛,導致撕裂強度相應降低。
實施例3
參照實施例2分別對同步拉伸得到的不對稱雙向PET拉伸膜和非同步拉伸得到的不對稱雙向PET拉伸膜進行複合後比較撕裂性能差異。
實驗結果見表3所示。
表3
由表3結果可見:同步拉伸複合膜的缺口撕裂強度稍大於非同步拉伸複合膜的缺口撕裂強度,但提高幅度不是很顯著。
實施例4:拉伸性能比較
對厚度均為100微米的現有農用EVA單層膜、PE單層膜、PO單層膜與本發明採用兩層主拉倍數均為3、厚度均為50微米的PET膜形成的複合膜(總厚度也為100微米)分別進行橫向拉伸、縱向拉伸的最大拉力、拉伸強度和斷裂伸長率的比較實驗,詳細測試結果見表4所示。 【表4】拉伸性能比較資料
由表4結果可見:本發明所提供的農用複合拉伸膜較相同厚度的單層現有農用膜(如:EVA膜、PE膜、PO膜),橫向抗拉伸性能和縱向抗拉伸性能均得到顯著提高。
實施例5:撕裂性能比較
對厚度均為100微米的現有農用EVA單層膜、PE單層膜、PO單層膜、現有的雙向拉伸PET單層膜與本發明採用兩層主拉倍數均為3、厚度均為50微米的PET膜形成的複合膜(總厚度也為100微米)分別進行橫向撕裂、縱向撕裂的撕裂力和撕裂強度的比較實驗,詳細測試結果見表5所示。 【表5】撕裂性能比較資料
由表5結果可見:本發明所提供的農用複合拉伸膜較相同厚度的單層現有農用膜(如:EVA膜、PE膜、PO膜)及現有的雙向拉伸PET單層膜,橫向抗撕裂性能和縱向抗撕裂性能均得到顯著提高。
實施例6:透光性比較
試驗樣:由實施例2獲得的100微米厚度的PET複合拉伸膜(主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為3.5);
對比樣:現有的90微米厚度的單層EVA大棚膜;
使用分光光度計(測量波長範圍為190~3200nm,型號為uv-3150,島津製作所,日本)測量上述試驗樣和對比樣在380~760nm的可見光範圍內的透光率及使用3個月後、用水清洗後的透光率,測試結果見表6所示。 【表6】
由表6結果可見:即使本發明提供的PET複合拉伸膜的厚度大於現有的單層EVA膜,但仍然具有較高的透光性,且在使用中吸附的灰塵相對較少,因為使用中(3個月以內)導致透光率下降的主要原因是所吸附的灰塵。
實施例7:保溫性能比較
通過建立實驗棚(使用本發明實施例2獲得的100微米厚度的PET複合拉伸膜,主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為3.5)和參比棚(使用現有的90微米厚度的單層EVA膜),在每個棚內放置一台溫濕記錄儀以採集棚內的溫度資料,用統計學的方法(使用美國SAS JMP 10分析軟體),對不同天氣(分為晴天、多雲、陰霧、雨雪四種天氣)、不同時段(根據冬季日短夜長的特點,將每天24小時分為4個時段:時段 I為下午17點到午夜零點;時段II為午夜零點到次日早晨7點;時段III為早晨7點到中午11點;時段IV為中午11點到下午17點)的棚內溫度進行採集分析,以評估比較本發明提供的PET複合拉伸膜與現有的單層EVA膜之間的保溫性能的差異。
以下為晴天天氣下各時段實驗棚與參比棚的溫差單因數比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在晴天的第I, II, III 時段,實驗棚內溫度均高於參比棚,而在第IV時段,實驗棚內溫度低於參比棚。
以下為多雲天氣下各時段實驗棚與參比棚的溫差單因數比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在多雲天氣的第I, II, III 時段,實驗棚內溫度也均高於參比棚,而在第IV時段,實驗棚內溫度低於參比棚。
以下為陰霧天氣下各時段實驗棚與參比棚的溫差單因數比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在陰霧天氣的第I, II, III 時段,實驗棚內溫度也均高於參比棚,而在第IV時段,實驗棚內溫度低於參比棚。
以下為雨雪天氣下各時段實驗棚與參比棚的溫差單因數比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在雨雪天氣的四個時段,實驗棚內溫度均高於參比棚。
以下為不同天氣下的早晨時段實驗棚與參比棚的溫差單因數比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在早晨時段,無論天氣如何,實驗棚內溫度均比參比棚內溫度高2~4 度,晴天平均高3.8度。
以下為不同天氣下的下午時段實驗棚與參比棚的溫差單因數比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在下午時段,除雨雪天氣外,在其它天氣下實驗棚內溫度均低於參比棚內溫度,晴天最為明顯;而在雨雪天氣,實驗棚內溫度高於參比棚。
以下為晴天下午時段棚內溫度比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在晴天下午時段,實驗棚內溫度平均低於參比棚內溫度約3.7度,但因此時平均溫度在20℃上下,並不影響實驗棚內的植物生長,反而可能會減少掀棚散熱的次數。
綜上實驗結果可見:使用本發明提供的PET複合拉伸膜的實驗棚在一天24小時中除下午外,其溫度均高於使用現有單層EVA膜的參比棚,尤其是上午比較明顯,平均高4度;而在下午大約4~5小時的時間段中,使用現有單層EVA膜的參比棚內的溫度反超實驗棚內溫度平均約3~4度,最高可達十幾度,造成過熱現象,需要掀棚散熱,而實驗棚則沒有這樣的大幅升溫,這種現象在晴天比較明顯,在雨雪天則不存在;但在雨雪天的任何時間,實驗棚內溫度都高於使用現有單層EVA膜的參比棚內的溫度。進一步說明本發明提供的PET複合拉伸膜的保溫性能優於單層EVA膜,非常適合作為農膜使用。
實施例8:濕度調節性能比較
通過建立實驗棚(使用本發明實施例2獲得的100微米厚度的PET複合拉伸膜,主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為3.5)和參比棚(使用現有的90微米厚度的單層EVA膜),在每個棚內放置一台溫濕記錄儀以採集棚內的濕度資料,用統計學的方法(使用美國SAS JMP 10分析軟體),對不同天氣(分為晴天、多雲、陰霧、雨雪四種天氣)下的棚內濕度進行採集分析,以評估比較本發明提供的PET複合拉伸膜與現有的單層EVA膜之間的濕度調節性能的差異。
以下為雨雪天氣下實驗棚與參比棚的濕度比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在雨雪天氣,實驗棚與參比棚的濕度差別不大。
以下為陰霧天氣下實驗棚與參比棚的濕度比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在陰霧天氣,實驗棚與參比棚的濕度差別也不大。
以下為多雲天氣下實驗棚與參比棚的濕度比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在多雲天氣,實驗棚比參比棚的濕度平均低6度。
以下為晴天天氣下實驗棚與參比棚的濕度比較分析結果:
由上述結果可見:在晴天天氣,實驗棚比參比棚的濕度平均低8度。
綜上實驗結果可見:在晴天和多雲天氣,實驗棚的濕度明顯低於參比棚的濕度,但在陰、霧、雨、雪天氣,實驗棚與參比棚的濕度差別不大;進一步說明,本發明提供的PET複合拉伸膜的濕度調節性能優於現有的單層EVA膜,非常適合作為農膜使用。
最後需要在此說明的是:以上實施例只用于對本發明的技術方案作進一步詳細地說明,不能理解為對本發明保護範圍的限制,本領域中具有通常知識者根據本發明的上述內容作出的一些非本質的改進和調整均屬於本發明的保護範圍。
無。
Claims (9)
- 一種農用複合拉伸膜,其特徵在於:是由兩層不對稱拉伸薄膜按主拉方向相交叉形式通過粘膠熱壓複合或紫外光固化複合形成,且所述的不對稱拉伸薄膜的主拉方向與輔拉方向的拉伸倍數之比為(1.2:1)~(4:1)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的農用複合拉伸膜,其中兩層拉伸薄膜的主拉方向形成30~150度夾角。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的農用複合拉伸膜,其中兩層拉伸薄膜的主拉方向形成60~120度夾角。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的農用複合拉伸膜,其中兩層拉伸薄膜的主拉方向形成90度夾角。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的農用複合拉伸膜,其中所述的不對稱拉伸薄膜包括單向拉伸薄膜和不對稱雙向拉伸薄膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或5項所述的農用複合拉伸膜,其中所述的不對稱拉伸薄膜採用平膜法生產。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的農用複合拉伸膜,其中所述的拉伸薄膜採用聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚酯原料製得。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的農用複合拉伸膜,其中所述的拉伸薄膜採用PET或改性PET原料製得。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的農用複合拉伸膜,其中所述的拉伸薄膜採用可降解改性PET原料製得。
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EP3219483A4 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
US20170348952A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
CN105644088B (zh) | 2017-11-17 |
CN105644088A (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
TW201617229A (zh) | 2016-05-16 |
WO2016074553A1 (zh) | 2016-05-19 |
JP6473825B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 |
JP2017535462A (ja) | 2017-11-30 |
EP3219483A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
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