TWI591849B - 半導體發光結構及其半導體封裝結構 - Google Patents

半導體發光結構及其半導體封裝結構 Download PDF

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TWI591849B
TWI591849B TW104139725A TW104139725A TWI591849B TW I591849 B TWI591849 B TW I591849B TW 104139725 A TW104139725 A TW 104139725A TW 104139725 A TW104139725 A TW 104139725A TW I591849 B TWI591849 B TW I591849B
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light emitting
emitting structure
semiconductor light
semiconductor
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郭修邑
林晁賢
楊雅茹
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隆達電子股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/293,403 priority patent/US10043950B2/en
Priority to JP2016223512A priority patent/JP2017098547A/ja
Priority to KR1020160158237A priority patent/KR20170062409A/ko
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Description

半導體發光結構及其半導體封裝結構
本發明是有關於一種半導體發光結構及其半導體封裝結構,且特別是有關於一種包含金屬層及布拉格反射層之半導體發光結構及其半導體封裝結構。
發光二極體(Light emitting diode,LED)主要是透過電能轉化為光能的方式發光,當施加電流於發光二極體後,電流擴散並注入發光二極體的磊晶層中,電子將與電洞複合並釋放能量,並以光的形式發出。
目前業界在製作覆晶式發光二極體時,常採用金屬(例如是銀)或銦錫氧化物/布拉格反射層(ITO/DBR)來作為反射鏡材料。當採用銀金屬作為反射鏡材料時,其係以金屬作為接觸系統,因此有較佳的電流擴散效果、較低的操作電壓等優勢,但在一般電流操作下,其發光效率卻不及ITO/DBR;當採用ITO/DBR作為反射鏡材料時,其可將反射率提升至接近100%,但需靠ITO作為歐姆接觸層來擴散電流,故在一般電流操作下, 雖反射率較銀金屬佳,但元件電壓表現卻不及銀金屬;然而在大電流(例如大於1安培)的操作下,反射率表現又以銀金屬為佳。因此,亟需提出一種兼具兩結構優勢的半導體發光結構。
本發明係有關於一種半導體發光結構及其半導體封裝結構,採用金屬層與布拉格反射層共同作為半導體發光結構之反射鏡層,以提高整體的發光效率。
根據本發明之一方面,提出一種半導體發光結構,包括一第一型半導體層、一主動層、一第二型半導體層、一金屬層以及一布拉格反射層。主動層位於第一型半導體層上。第二型半導體層位於主動層上。金屬層位於第二型半導體層上,以作為一第一反射結構,其中金屬層具有一開口部。布拉格反射層位於金屬層上且填入開口部中,以作為一第二反射結構。第一反射結構與第二反射結構於第二型半導體層上共同形成一反射面。
根據本發明之另一方面,提出一種半導體封裝結構,包括一載體、上述之半導體發光結構以及一波長轉換物質。半導體發光結構反轉地位於載體上。波長轉換物質覆蓋半導體發光結構。
為了對本發明之上述及其他方面有更佳的瞭解,下文特舉較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:
10A、10B‧‧‧半導體封裝結構
10‧‧‧載體
11‧‧‧第一載體電極
12‧‧‧第二載體電極
13‧‧‧絕緣層
14‧‧‧波長轉換物質
15‧‧‧壩體
16‧‧‧基板
100A、100B、100C‧‧‧半導體發光結構
101‧‧‧第一電極
102‧‧‧第二電極
103‧‧‧磊晶層
104‧‧‧第一型半導體層
105‧‧‧主動層
106‧‧‧第二型半導體層
107‧‧‧透明導電層
108‧‧‧金屬層
109‧‧‧阻障層
110‧‧‧布拉格反射層
111‧‧‧接觸層
112‧‧‧保護層
C‧‧‧開口部
D1‧‧‧第一凹口
D2‧‧‧第二凹口
H‧‧‧通孔
第1A圖繪示包括依照本發明一實施例之半導體發光結構的半導體封裝結構的剖面示意圖。
第1B圖繪示包括依照本發明一實施例之半導體發光結構的另一半導體封裝結構的剖面示意圖。
第2圖繪示依照本發明一實施例之半導體發光結構的剖面示意圖。
第3圖繪示依照本發明另一實施例之半導體發光結構的剖面示意圖。
第4圖繪示依照本發明又一實施例之半導體發光結構的剖面示意圖。
第5圖繪示依照本發明一實施例之半導體發光結構的金屬層示意圖。
本發明提出一種半導體發光結構,例如是覆晶式發光二極體,其具有位於同一側之第一電極與第二電極。在一實施例中,係使金屬層具有貫穿的開口部,且布拉格反射層除了位於金屬層上之外,還填入於開口部中。藉此,半導體發光結構之反射鏡層不但包括金屬層,還包括填入於開口部中的布拉格反射層,使半導體發光結構之反射率可高達99~100%,相較於僅以金屬層作為反射鏡層之半導體發光結構,可提升約3~5%的亮度。並且,金屬層還可作為電流擴散層,使電流均勻擴散至第二型半導體層,且亦可直接作為與第二型半導體層之間的歐姆接觸層。
以下係提出實施例進行詳細說明,實施例僅用以作為範例說明,並非用以限縮本發明欲保護之範圍。
第1A圖繪示包括依照本發明一實施例之半導體發光結構100A的半導體封裝結構10A的剖面示意圖。第1B圖繪示包括依照本發明一實施例之半導體發光結構100A的另一半導體封裝結構10B的剖面示意圖。
請參照第1A圖,半導體封裝結構10A包括一載體10、一半導體發光結構100A及一波長轉換物質14。載體10包括一第一載體電極11(例如是負極)、一第二載體電極12(例如是正極)及一絕緣層13。波長轉換物質14覆蓋半導體發光結構100A,以轉換成具有不同波長的出射光。
本發明所提出之半導體發光結構100A例如是覆晶式發光二極體,具有位於同一側之第一電極(未標示)與第二電極(未標示),其中第一電極例如是N型電極,第二電極例如是P型電極。半導體發光結構100A反轉地設置於載體10上,第一電極可藉由導電凸塊(未繪示)與載體10之第一載體電極11電性連接,第二電極可藉由導電凸塊(未繪示)與載體10之第二載體電極12電性連接。
在一實施例中,半導體發光結構100A可在一基板16上製作而成,並以基板16作為一生長基板,以生成半導體發光結構的磊晶層。此基板16可例如是一藍寶石基板。而在另一實施例中,基板16可依需求於封裝前移除,因此半導體封裝結 構10A可不包括基板16。
請參照第1B圖,第1B圖之半導體封裝結構10B與第1A圖之半導體封裝結構10A類似,相同的元件以相同的符號表示,於此不再贅述。半導體封裝結構10B更包括一壩體15,壩體15設置於載體10上,且環繞半導體發光結構100A與波長轉換物質14,以提高半導體發光結構100A的光取出效率。
以下將詳細描述本發明一實施例之半導體發光結構100A。為了使描述上更為簡潔,以下內容將不再敘述基板16。
請參照第2圖,其繪示依照本發明一實施例之半導體發光結構100A的剖面示意圖。半導體發光結構100A包括一第一電極101、一第二電極102及一磊晶層103。第一電極101與第二電極102位於磊晶層103的同一側。磊晶層103包括依序堆疊的一第一型半導體層104、一主動層105及一第二型半導體層106。第一型半導體層104、主動層105及第二型半導體層106之材質例如是選自於由氮化鎵(GaN)、氮化銦鎵(InGaN)、氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)或氮化鋁銦鎵(AlInGaN)所組成的群組其中之一或其組合。第一型半導體層104與第二型半導體層106分別為電性相異的半導體層,舉例來說,第一型半導體層104及第二型半導體層106可分別為N型半導體層及P型半導體層。主動層105位於第一半導體層104與第二半導體層106之間,電子與電洞受電壓驅動分別經由第一型半導體層104與第二型半導體層106傳輸,並於主動層105相互結合,再以光的形式發出。
此外,半導體發光結構100A還包括一金屬層108以及一布拉格反射層110。金屬層108位於第二型半導體層106上,布拉格反射層110位於金屬層108上。本實施例中,金屬層108之材質可例如為銀,其可作為半導體發光結構100A之一第一反射結構,使入射光反射。此外,布拉格反射層110可由高折射率材料與低折射率材料交替堆疊而成的數個膜層之介電材料所製成,利用數個膜層之間折射率週期性的變化,讓入射光在入射處產生建設性干涉,而無法穿透布拉格反射層110,因而可使入射光反射。本實施例中,金屬層108可具有開口部C,布拉格反射層110可填入於開口部C中,以作為半導體發光結構100A之一第二反射結構。因此,於第二型半導體層106上的第一反射結構與第二反射結構可共同形成一反射面。
此外,本實施例可由金屬層108作為主要的反射結構。具體而言,金屬層108形成於反射面上的面積可大於布拉格反射層110形成於反射面上的面積。也就是說,反射面中的第一反射結構(由金屬層108組成)之面積比例可大於反射面中的第二反射結構(由填入於開口部C中之布拉格反射層110組成)之面積比例。
半導體發光結構100A可更包括一阻障層(barrier)109、一通孔H、一接觸層111以及一保護層112。阻障層109位於金屬層108與布拉格反射層110之間。通孔H貫穿第二型半導體層106、主動層105以及部分的第一型半導體層104形成,金 屬層108及阻障層109位於通孔H之外的第二型半導體層106表面上。布拉格反射層110除了位於金屬層108上,還覆蓋通孔H之側壁。接觸層111位於布拉格反射層110上,且延伸至通孔H中與第一型半導體層104電性連接。由於布拉格反射層110除了位於金屬層108上,還覆蓋通孔H之側壁,如此一來,接觸層111可藉由布拉格反射層110而與金屬層108電性隔絕。
保護層112覆蓋接觸層111,且保護層112可延伸至通孔H中。保護層112具有一第一凹口D1以及一第二凹口D2。第一凹口D1露出接觸層111的表面,第一電極101位於保護層112上,並延伸至第一凹口D1中,以與接觸層111電性連接。第二凹口D2露出阻障層109的表面,第二電極102位於保護層112上,並延伸至第二凹口D2中,以透過阻障層109擴散電流並與金屬層108(位於阻障層109之下)電性連接。
在另一實施例中,半導體發光結構可不包括阻障層109,而可直接以金屬層108來擴散電流。如第3圖所示,半導體發光結構100B之第二凹口D2可露出金屬層108,使第二電極102直接與金屬層108電性連接。
請再參照第2圖,半導體發光結構100A可更包括一透明導電層107,透明導電層107位於第二型半導體層106以及金屬層108之間,並位於通孔H之外的第二型半導體層106上,其材料可例如是銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)等。透明導電層107可作為一電流擴散層,使電流均勻擴散至第二型半 導體層106中,且可作為金屬層108與第二型半導體層106之間的歐姆接觸層,以減少金屬層108與第二型半導體層106之間的接觸阻抗。然在另一實施例中,可不包括透明導電層107。如第4圖所示,半導體發光結構100C可以金屬層108直接作為與第二型半導體層106之間的歐姆接觸層,亦即透明導電層並非為本發明的限制。
另外,金屬層108可如第5圖所示經由蝕刻形成一網狀結構,如此一來可達到更佳的電流擴散效果。網狀結構的金屬層108還可包括數個開口部C,這些開口部C也可彼此間間隔排列,布拉格反射層110可填入於這些開口部C中,使第二型半導體層106上同時具有金屬層108以及布拉格反射層110的兩種反射結構。此外,電流可藉由開口部C之外的金屬層108來擴散,或亦可藉由透明導電層107(位於金屬層108之下)來擴散。
本發明上述實施例所揭露之半導體發光結構,係使金屬層具有開口部,且布拉格反射層除了位於金屬層上之外,還填入於開口部中。藉此,半導體發光結構之反射鏡層不但包括金屬層,還包括填入於開口部中的布拉格反射層,使半導體發光結構之反射率可高達99~100%,相較於僅以金屬層作為反射鏡層之半導體發光結構,可提升約3~5%的亮度。此外,金屬層不但可作為反射鏡層,還可作為電流擴散層。因此,本發明所揭露之半導體發光結構同時兼具布拉格反射層反射率佳及金屬層電流擴散效果佳的優點。另外,布拉格反射層不但可作為反射鏡層, 還可作為接觸層與金屬層之間的電性隔絕層。
綜上所述,雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明。本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾。因此,本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100A‧‧‧半導體發光結構
101‧‧‧第一電極
102‧‧‧第二電極
103‧‧‧磊晶層
104‧‧‧第一型半導體層
105‧‧‧主動層
106‧‧‧第二型半導體層
107‧‧‧透明導電層
108‧‧‧金屬層
109‧‧‧阻障層
110‧‧‧布拉格反射層
111‧‧‧接觸層
112‧‧‧保護層
C‧‧‧開口部
D1‧‧‧第一凹口
D2‧‧‧第二凹口
H‧‧‧通孔

Claims (10)

  1. 一種半導體發光結構,包括:一第一型半導體層;一主動層,位於該第一型半導體層上;一第二型半導體層,位於該主動層上;一金屬層,位於該第二型半導體層上,以作為一第一反射結構,其中該金屬層具有一開口部;以及一布拉格反射層,位於該金屬層上且填入該開口部中,以作為一第二反射結構;其中,該第一反射結構與該第二反射結構於該第二型半導體層上共同形成一反射面。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體發光結構,其中該開口部的數量為複數個。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之半導體發光結構,其中該些開口部間隔排列。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體發光結構,其中該反射面中的該第一反射結構面積比例係大於該反射面中的該第二反射結構面積比例。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體發光結構,更包括:一通孔,貫穿該第二型半導體層、該主動層及部分該第一型半導體層,其中該布拉格反射層覆蓋該通孔之側壁;以及一接觸層,位於該布拉格反射層上,且延伸至該通孔中與該第一型半導體層電性連接,其中該接觸層藉由該布拉格反射層而與該金屬層電性隔絕。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之半導體發光結構,更包括:一保護層,覆蓋該接觸層,該保護層具有一第一凹口及一第二凹口,其中該第一凹口露出該接觸層,該第二凹口露出該金屬層;一第一電極,位於該保護層上,且延伸至該第一凹口中與該接觸層電性連接;以及一第二電極,位於該保護層上,且延伸至該第二凹口中與該金屬層電性連接。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之半導體發光結構,更包括:一阻障層(barrier),位於該金屬層及該布拉格反射層之間;一保護層,覆蓋該接觸層,該保護層具有一第一凹口及一第二凹口,其中該第一凹口露出該接觸層,該第二凹口露出該阻障層;一第一電極,位於該保護層上,且延伸至該第一凹口中與該 接觸層電性連接;以及一第二電極,位於該保護層上,且延伸至該第二凹口中與該金屬層電性連接。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體發光結構,更包括:一透明導電層,位於該第二型半導體層及該金屬層之間,其中該透明導電層係作為一電流擴散層。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之半導體發光結構,該金屬層為網狀。
  10. 一種半導體封裝結構,包括:一載體;一如申請專利範圍第1項至第9項所述任一項之半導體發光結構,反轉地位於該載體上;以及一波長轉換物質,覆蓋該半導體發光結構。
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