TWI580361B - 用於降低反芻動物甲烷生成之方法 - Google Patents
用於降低反芻動物甲烷生成之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI580361B TWI580361B TW102112821A TW102112821A TWI580361B TW I580361 B TWI580361 B TW I580361B TW 102112821 A TW102112821 A TW 102112821A TW 102112821 A TW102112821 A TW 102112821A TW I580361 B TWI580361 B TW I580361B
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- methane
- mixture
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- naringin
- neohesperidin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
本發明係關於用於降低反芻動物甲烷生成之新穎組成物。
甲烷、二氧化碳及氧化亞氮為具有溫室效應之主要氣體。
甲烷(CH4)為一種溫室氣體,其大氣濃度已在上個世紀顯著增加,且其繼二氧化碳之後成為導致地球變暖之最大潛在促成因素。對流層甲烷含量增加與全球人類人口膨脹密切相關。因此,咸信約70%甲烷排放與人類活動有關。廢物掩埋及農業實踐會以將隨世界人數增長而增加之量產生且向大氣釋放甲烷。
包括牛、水牛、綿羊及山羊之反芻動物具有進行甲烷產生性發酵的較大前胃。瘤胃消化道由四個胃區室,即瘤胃、蜂巢胃、皺胃及重瓣胃構成。此等區室中最大且最重要者為瘤胃。瘤胃充當發酵區室。其含有分解植物物質之大群微生物,包括產生甲烷之古細菌(archaea)。該等微生物通常稱為產甲烷菌。古細菌群體利用氫氣及二氧化碳(其為厭氧微生物發酵產物)來產生用於生長之能量,從而產生甲烷作為終產物。最終,甲烷經由噯氣自瘤胃中排出。
由牛及綿羊產生甲烷代表一種碳損失路徑,其會使生產力降低。若經由甲烷合成所損失之能量可經由其他生物化學路徑改道,通常改
道用於丙酸合成,則瘤胃發酵將變得更高效且此將反映在動物體重增加或產乳量提高方面。此將對於生產者以及對於提供有效減少甲烷向大氣排放之手段而言具有成本效益。實際上,因為甲烷在大氣中之壽命為12年(而二氧化碳及氧化亞氮之壽命分別為100年及120年),所以降低甲烷排放將對環境具有較快速之影響。
過去用反芻動物進行之研究已顯示甲烷產生受膳食影響。藉由增加結構性/非結構性(纖維素性/澱粉性)碳水化合物比率,甲烷排放有所增加。此外,向膳食中添加脂質來源會降低腸甲烷排放。儘管伴有甲烷降低,但高脂肪補充率會降低瘤胃微生物發酵、飼料攝入及纖維可消化性。已將諸如抗生素(亦即離子載體)或滅蟲劑之許多化學飼料添加劑引入反芻動物營養物中以促進生長、提高飼料利用率及減少甲烷產生。然而,對於動物產品中存在化學殘餘物及產生對抗生素之細菌抗性的擔憂已刺激對將適用於有機畜牧業中之較安全天然替代物的尋找。
含有精油、丹寧(tannin)、皂素、類黃酮及許多其他植物次級代謝物之植物或植物萃取物已經顯示會提高靶向瘤胃微生物群體之特定群組之瘤胃代謝。Patraa A.K.及Saxenab J(2010).Phytochemistry,71(11-12):1198-222描述植物次級代謝物抑制瘤胃中之甲烷生成之用途。文獻WO2005000035係關於一種增強瘤胃發酵且特定言之,降低甲烷生成之程序,其由投予自新鮮苜蓿草(alfalfa)獲得之可溶性苜蓿草萃取物組成。
因此亟需包含天然來源之化合物且有效降低甲烷產生並可安全用於畜牧業中的替代性反芻動物飼料組成物。
本發明之創造者現已發現藉由向反芻動物投予包含天然化合物之飼料組成物,會使得甲烷排放顯著降低。
因此,在一態樣中,本發明係關於一種降低反芻動物之甲烷產生之方法,其包括向該反芻動物經口投予含有選自由新橘皮苷(neohesperidin)、異柚皮苷(isonaringin)、枸橘苷(poncirin)及橘皮苷(hesperidin)或其混合物組成之群之黃烷酮糖苷的飼料組成物。
在本發明之一特定具體實例中,該組成物為包含新橘皮苷及枸橘苷之混合物。在一更特定具體實例中,該混合物另外包含柚皮苷。在一較佳具體實例中,該混合物為天然植物萃取物。在一更佳具體實例中,該植物為柑橘植物萃取物。
在本發明之一特定具體實例中,該組成物另外包含載劑。在一較佳具體實例中,該載劑為海泡石(sepiolite)。
在一特定具體實例中,該組成物為包含以下之混合物:25wt.%至55wt.%柚皮苷、10wt.%至20wt.%新橘皮苷、1wt.%至5wt.%枸橘苷及足量之載劑直至100wt.%。在一較佳具體實例中,該組成物包含40wt.%至50wt.%柚皮苷、11wt.%至15wt.%新橘皮苷、3%至5%枸橘苷及足量之載劑直至100wt.%。
在本發明之一特定具體實例中,該反芻動物為小牛、母牛、水牛、綿羊、鹿或山羊。在一較佳具體實例中,該反芻動物為小牛。
在一特定具體實例中,將本發明之組成物在50至1000mg/Kg DM之濃度下以固體形式添加至飼料中。在一較佳具體實例中,在200至500mg/Kg DM之濃度下添加該組成物。
圖1圖示生物氣體及甲烷產生量曲線。「試管內」模擬系統中之平均使用劑量係用未經補充之飼糧(對照)或補充以不同類型之類黃酮來獲得。
如上所說明,本發明之創造者已發現藉由向反芻動物投予包含類黃酮,特定言之,黃烷酮糖苷之飼料組成物,會使得甲烷排放顯著降低。
因此,在一方面中,本發明係關於一種降低反芻動物之甲烷產生之方法,其包括向該反芻動物經口投予含有選自由新橘皮苷、異柚皮苷、枸橘苷及橘皮苷或其混合物組成之群之黃烷酮糖苷的飼料組成物。
如本文所用之術語「反芻動物」係指反芻亞目(Ruminantia)之任何偶蹄類哺乳動物。該等哺乳動物咀嚼反芻食物且具有包括四個區室之胃,其中一個區室為瘤胃。群組尤其包括鹿、羚羊、水牛、牛、綿羊、駱駝及山羊。
如本文所用之術語「類黃酮」係指一類在花瓣中產生黃色或紅色/藍色色素形成作用之水溶性植物色素。術語「黃烷酮」係指一種類型之類黃酮。黃烷酮通常在7位處經二醣糖基化以得到「黃烷酮糖苷」。
如以下實施例中所示,本發明者已驚人地發現藉由向反芻動物投予本發明之飼料組成物,會使得甲烷排放顯著降低。
反芻動物之甲烷產生可使用此項技術中熟知之方法量測。舉例而言,六氟化硫(SF6)示蹤劑法為一種允許在野外量測來自個別母牛之
甲烷的技術,其在母牛頸部周圍使用對呼出氣進行連續取樣之真空罐。其他方法包括開路循環式呼吸腔室,其為各自飼養單頭母牛,從而允許分析由動物產生之所有氣體的密封且在氣候上受到控制之房間。
排放之甲烷亦可藉由紅外光譜法、氣相層析、質譜及可調雷射二極體技術、基於飼料特徵之發酵平衡之封閉技術(例如呼吸熱量測定)預測方程式、同位素示蹤劑技術等來量測。
此外,可在「試管內」量測甲烷產生。在此情況下,自動物收集瘤胃液且在缺氧條件下與培育培養基一起培育。
在本發明之一特定具體實例中,該組成物為包含新橘皮苷及枸橘苷之混合物。在一更特定具體實例中,該混合物包含新橘皮苷、枸橘苷及柚皮苷。在本發明之另一特定具體實例中,該混合物呈天然植物萃取物形式。在一較佳具體實例中,該植物萃取物為柑橘植物萃取物,且更佳為苦橙植物萃取物,該萃取物含有不同類黃烷,特定言之,黃烷酮糖苷。在一較佳具體實例中,該植物萃取物含有新橘皮苷、枸橘苷及柚皮苷之混合物。如以下實施例中所示,該植物萃取物為包含約20wt.%柚皮苷及40wt.%苦橙萃取物(25%至27%柚皮苷;11%至13%新橘皮苷及3%至5%枸橘苷)之天然植物萃取物。在一特定情況下,該天然植物萃取物可購得(Bioflavex®)。
因此,根據本發明,本發明之組成物之黃烷酮可自植物獲得,更特定言之,自柑橘植物獲得。
本發明之組成物中之所有組分皆為天然來源且可易於獲得之產品。此外,當組成物呈混合物形式時,該混合物易於處理且可根據此
領域中之專家已知之工業調配程序加以製備。
如本文所用之術語「柑橘」係指柑橘屬植物。該等柑橘植物之實例包括柚(Citrus maxima)(蜜柚(Pomelo))、枸櫞(Citrus medica)(香櫞(Citron))、紅橘(Citrus reticulate)(蜜柑(Mandarin orange))、酸橙(Citrus aurantium)(苦橙)、塔希提酸橙(Citrus latifolia)(波斯酸橙(Persian lime))、檸檬(Citrus limon/Lemon)、葡萄柚(Citrus paradisi/Grapefruit)、甜橙(Citrus sinensis/Sweet orange)、枸橘(Citrus trifoliata)(枳(Trifoliate Orange))等。
自植物分離類黃酮之方法在此項技術現況中為熟知的。在一特定情況下,可藉由熟習該項技術者熟知之一般方法自經研磨之柑橘果實(尤其為酸橙)獲得苦橙萃取物,該等方法為諸如萃取、過濾、濃縮、沈澱、淨化及最終乾燥。可在二元烷醇/水系統中進行萃取製程,其中烷醇係選自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇及其類似物。較佳使用甲醇。作為一說明性非限制性實例,用300ml甲醇對50g乾燥苦橙進行萃取。將懸浮液離心以分離殘餘物且將母液真空濃縮至50ml之最終體積。在五天期間將所得液體在室溫下靜置,濾除以分離不溶性物質,濃縮,再經矽藻土床過濾且噴霧乾燥。
在一特定具體實例中,該黃烷酮可自柑橘植物之果實獲得。舉例而言,柚皮苷為一種自一些柑橘類果實(諸如葡萄柚及苦橙(酸橙))之果皮獲得之糖基化黃烷酮。其亦存在於果實果肉以及植物之葉、花及種子中。分離本發明之類黃酮之說明性非限制性方法為例如文獻US2421063A及US2421062A中所述者,其中描述一種自植物物質回收柚皮苷之方法。此外,可根據文獻US2442110A、US2348215A及US2400693A中所述之方法獲得橘皮苷。同樣,可根據文獻US3375242A中所述之方法獲得新橘皮苷。
US3375242A描述一種產生新橘皮苷之方法,其中使柚皮苷與異香草精(isovanillin)反應以產生新橘皮苷查耳酮(chalcone)。接著使此查耳酮(chalone)環化以產生新橘皮苷。
另外,本發明之組成物之黃烷酮可易於獲得,因為其可購得。舉例而言,如本發明隨附之實施例中所示,異柚皮苷、新北美聖草苷(neoeritrocin)及枸橘苷係自INDOFINE化學公司(USA)購得。此外,如上所述,本發明之該天然植物萃取物可購得(Bioflavex®)。
在本發明之一特定具體實例中,該組成物為包含以下之混合物:25wt.%至55wt.%柚皮苷、10wt.%至20wt.%新橘皮苷、1wt.%至5wt.%枸橘苷及足量之載劑直至100wt.%。在一更特定具體實例中,該組成物包含40wt.%至50wt.%柚皮苷、11wt.%至15wt.%新橘皮苷、3%至5%枸橘苷及足量之載劑直至100wt.%。
根據本發明之另一較佳具體實例,組成物包含載劑。在一特定具體實例中,該載劑為海泡石。海泡石為一種天然存在之沈積成因黏土礦物質。其為一種具有較大比表面積之非膨脹性輕質多孔黏土。在化學上,海泡石為一種含水矽酸鎂,其個別粒子具有針狀形態。此黏土之高表面積及孔隙率為其對液體具有傑出吸收能力之原因。此等性質使其成為一種用於廣泛範圍之應用之有價值的物質,該等應用諸如寵物墊料、動物飼料添加劑、載劑、吸收劑、懸浮及觸變添加劑以及增稠劑。
根據本發明之方法,當用本發明之包含天然來源之類黃酮的組成物餵養動物時,會使得反芻動物之甲烷排放/產生降低。飼料效率在農業中具有經濟相關性。已知抑制反芻動物之甲烷生成之化合物會使得瘤胃
發酵轉向產生更合意之脂肪酸型態,從而增加丙酸而非乙酸之比例,因此瘤胃產能發酵變得更有效率(參見美國專利第3,745,221號;第3,615,649號;及第3,862,333號)。因此,本發明之另一目標在於提供一種抑制反芻動物之甲烷生成之方法,該方法對瘤胃微生物發酵所產生之有益影響會使飼料利用效率有所提高。如以下實施例中所示,本發明之組成物降低所產生之甲烷含量且以有利於丙酸之方式改變揮發性脂肪酸產生。
測定揮發性脂肪酸之方法在此項技術中為熟知的。通常,使用層析方法(諸如HPLC或氣相層析)連同火焰離子化偵測。
餵養方式不局限於任何特定方式,且本發明之飼料組成物可藉由在配合飼料上撒飼(top-dressing)來給與,或在將本發明飼料組成物與配合飼料混合之後進行餵食。此外,不限制餵食量,只要甲烷生成得以有效降低,同時營養平衡不受不利影響即可。
因此,在本發明之一較佳具體實例中,將該組成物以固體形式添加至飼料中。在一特定具體實例中,在50至1000mg/Kg DM(乾物質)之濃度下添加該組成物。在一更特定具體實例中,將該組成物在200至500mg/Kg DM之濃度下以固體形式添加至飼料中。
本發明之組成物可含有其他飼料成分,諸如維生素、酶、無機鹽、研磨之穀物、含蛋白質組分、含碳水化合物組分、小麥粗粉及/或麩皮。
本發明之飼料組成物之形狀不局限於任何特定形狀且可呈任何習知飼料組成物形式,諸如粉末及丸粒。此外,可根據製備配合飼料及飼料補充劑之常用方法來製備該飼料組成物。
在本發明之一特定具體實例中,該反芻動物為小牛、母牛、水牛、綿羊、鹿、駱駝或山羊。在一較佳具體實例中,該反芻動物為小牛。
現將參照以下實施例更詳細地描述本發明,該等實施例決不應視作限制本發明之範疇。
設計兩個遵循相同實驗方案之試驗以使用基於由以下文獻所述之實驗方案之模擬「試管內」系統研究不同純類黃酮對瘤胃發酵之影響:Theodorou M K等人(1994)Animal Feed Science and Technology,48(3),第185-197頁;Mauricio,R.M.等人(1999)Animal Feed Science and Technology 79,321-330。
由半自動壓力計測定氣體產生量,壓力水準與所產生氣體體積之間的關係先前已計算出。
將接受主要由濃縮物構成之混合飼糧(90:10)的瘤胃插有導管之小牛用作瘤胃液供體;飼料組成呈現於表1中。收集接種物且經雙層外科紗布過濾且保持在保溫罐中。一式三份將類黃酮(表2)外加600mg濃縮物(表1)及60mg大麥秸(作為基質)於預加熱瓶(39℃)中進行配料且維持在缺氧條件下。類黃酮異柚皮苷、新北美聖草苷、枸橘苷係自INDOFINE化學公司(USA)購得。將10ml瘤胃液及40ml培育培養基添加至瓶中(McDougall,EI(1948)Studies on ruminant saliva.1.The composition and output of sheep's saliva.Biochem J.43(1)99-109)。在填充各瓶且施加缺氧條件後,即密封各瓶並在熱水浴中開始培育過程。在第2、4、6、8、12、
24、36及48小時進行壓力讀取。一式三份分兩組或兩批培育各樣品。
CP:粗蛋白質;NDF:中洗纖維;DM:乾物質,ME:可代謝能量,(*)20wt.%柚皮苷;40wt.%苦橙萃取物;海泡石直至100wt.%
(*)柑橘生物類黃酮複合物
在培育12小時之後,打開來自各處理組之一個瓶(平行測定),記錄pH值且對瓶進行取樣以分析揮發性脂肪酸(Jouany,J.P.,1982 Science des Aliments 2,131-144)、乳酸(Taylor,K.A.C.C.,1996.Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol.Enzym.Eng.Biotechnol.56,49-58)及氨(Chaney,A.L.,Marbach,E.P.,1962.Clin.Chem.8,130-132)。
使用由Yu及Morrison(2004)提出之技術萃取環境DNA。藉由使用特異性引子進行qPCR對牛鏈球菌(Streptococcus bovis)、埃氏巨球形菌(Megasphaera elsdenii)及反芻月形單胞菌(Selenomonas ruminantium)DNA進行定量(Tajima,K.等人,2001.Appl.Environ.Microb.67,2766-2774;Ouwerkerk,D.等人,2002.J.Appl.Microbiol.92,753-758)。使用SAS統計套裝軟體(SAS,2000,User's guide:Statistics,第8版,inst.公司,Cary,NC)之PROC MIXED程序對結果進行統計分析。使用最小顯著性差異來比較平均值。P<0.05之平均值間差異係視作具顯著性。
圖1圖示當「試管內」瘤胃液培養物補充有不同類型及劑量之類黃酮時,氣體及甲烷產生之動力學。該等曲線代表兩種劑量之平均值。各處理組之平均值、劑量及取樣時間連同結果之統計分析一起呈現於表3中。
氣體產生量隨培育時間呈指數增加。添加類黃酮會顯著改變生物氣體產生(P<0.05),但在不同類黃酮物質之間此變化發生情況不盡相
同。新北美聖草苷相較於對照使氣體產生量增加(266.7相比於253.72,P>0.05),柚皮苷則未改變氣體產生量(P>0.05),而其餘多酚使平均產生量降低(P<0.05)。最低值對應於新橘皮苷及Bioflavex®混合物(分別為230.7及233.3)。異柚皮苷、枸橘苷及橘皮苷(分別為236.6、238及239.6)亦減少氣體產生。納入量(200mg/kg及500mg/kg)對氣體產生具有顯著影響(P<0.001),但此影響視類黃酮類型而不同。用新橘皮苷達成較明顯之劑量效應。
分析類黃酮物質對理論上對於甲烷產生之某些古細菌群體之發酵活性的影響。圖1(b)圖示甲烷產生逸出值且表4呈現平均值及統計分析。
平均甲烷產生量低於所產生之生物氣體總量。對於對照,甲烷產生量為總氣體產生量之約15%。實驗處理改變平均及累積甲烷產生量,但此等變化在各處理之間不同:新北美聖草苷相較於對照使甲烷產生量增加(P<0.05)。甲烷生成活性未因培養基中包括橘皮苷或柚皮苷而得到調節(P<0.01)。然而,新橘皮苷、異柚皮苷、枸橘苷及Bioflavex混合物使甲烷產生減少(P<0.05)。新橘皮苷顯示出最顯著之減少作用,此亦與橘皮苷有差異(P<0.05)。一般而言,劑量「本身」不顯示出顯著性差異,例外為在新橘皮苷之情況下,其中甲烷產生因劑量增加而更大程度降低。
實驗設計允許確定類黃酮在甲烷降低方面之影響係源於使微生物活性及生物氣體產生發生普遍性降低,抑或反之類黃酮特異性地影響甲烷生成(古細菌)群體。為此,對甲烷在總氣體產生量中所佔份額進行之統計分析顯示於表5中。類黃酮存在於培養基中會使得甲烷在總生物
氣體產生量中所佔之份額降低(P<0.05),但上述影響又不盡相同。
納入新北美聖草苷(表5)會使甲烷比例顯著增加,但Bioflavex及新橘皮苷之存在使其明顯減少(新橘皮苷、Bioflavex及對照分別為13.70及13.66相比於14.58)。其餘多酚使甲烷生成活性在數值上有所減小,但所報導之差異不具有統計顯著性。新北美聖草苷及Bioflavex混合物之劑量(500mg/kg DM相比於200mg/kg DM)傾向於抑制甲烷產生,但其餘FL-物質未顯示出任何影響,且其反映在劑量×FL-物質類型之相互作用具顯著性(P<0.05)。
在第二個試驗中,相對於陰性(無類黃酮,對照)及兩個陽性參照(以新橘皮苷及Bioflavex作為類黃酮來源)測試海泡石(作為填充劑)及CBC(柑橘生物類黃酮複合物)。就氣體及甲烷產生而言,賦形劑(海泡石)之影響為零(表6及7),而CBC使氣體產生適度地降低,但未偵測到甲烷產生發生變化。
1SEM:平均值標準誤差
2劑量:0.2g/kg DM與0.5g/kg DM之基質
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001且ns:不具顯著性
具有不同上標(a、b、c、d)之平均值指示此等平均值之間的顯著性差異(P<0.05)。
1SEM:平均值標準誤差
2劑量:0.2g/kg DM與0.5g/kg DM之基質
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001且ns:不具顯著性
具有不同上標(a、b、c、d)之平均值指示此等平均值之間的顯著性差異(P<0.05)。
1SEM:平均值標準誤差
2劑量:0.2g/kg DM與0.5g/kg DM之基質
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001且ns:不具顯著性
具有不同上標(a、b、c、d)之平均值指示此等平均值之間的顯著性差異(P<0.05)。
1SEM:平均值標準誤差
2劑量:0.2g/kg DM與0.5g/kg DM之基質
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001且ns:不具顯著性
具有不同上標(a、b、c、d)之平均值指示此等平均值之間的顯著性差異(P<0.05)。
1SEM:平均值標準誤差
2劑量:0.2g/kg DM與0.5g/kg DM之基質
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001且ns:不具顯著性
具有不同上標(a、b、c、d)之平均值指示此等平均值之間的顯著性差異(P<0.05)。
在存在或不存在類黃酮(顧及類型及劑量)下『試管內』培養基中之平均揮發性脂肪酸(VFA)及氨(N-NH3)濃度呈現於表8中。針對各類黃酮類型及劑量,兩者(VFA及N-NH3)之平均(μ)濃度按照其在整個培育時間內之逸出量顯示於第一各別行中。在數值上,Bioflavex顯示出較高VFA平均值及累積濃度;然而,差異未達到具統計顯著性(P>0.05)。氨含量超過確保適當微生物發酵之臨限含量(50mg/L)。顯而易見,新北美聖草苷(227.84mg/L)及Bioflavex混合物(209.92mg/L)分別顯示出最高及最低之平均值。
初始VFA濃度(在t=0時記錄之恆定值)增加。在第0小時與第12小時之間的增加率大於在第12小時與第72小時之間記錄的值,
反映在培育時間期間基質逐漸發酵(亦即平均VFA濃度(mmol/L)之增加率在第一(第0-12小時)時段內為2.1毫莫耳/小時,而在此時段之後,此等增加率降低至平均0.2毫莫耳/小時)。根據礦物質混合物之緩衝活性,VFA濃度的增加不反映在培養基酸性增強方面。在第0、12及72小時之平均pH值分別為6.81、6.77±0.0034及6.73±0.0033。培養基穩定性由緊密平均值標準誤差加以證明。
培養基補充有碳水化合物來源(主要由澱粉構成;亦即濃縮物)會使得VFA型態發生顯著變化,這會使得丙酸(20.03、28.20及26.45)及丁酸(在第0小時、第12小時及第72小時分別為9.07、9.88及10.45)比例有所增加,同時觀測到乙酸比例減小(mol/100mol;62.5、55.86及55.86)。然而,在不同類黃酮類型之間,增加不盡相同。相較於對照,柚皮苷、異柚皮苷、枸橘苷、Bioflavex混合物及新橘皮苷會提高培養基中之丙酸比例,而其餘類黃酮並未如此。應注意,在新橘皮苷、柚皮苷及Bioflavex中,對培育時間之反應亦顯著受劑量調節(D×H:P<0.009)。一般而言,觀測到甲烷產生(表5)與丙酸比例(表9)之間存在負相關關係,納入新北美聖草苷會使甲烷比例增加,而在新橘皮苷及Bioflavex的情況下,事實恰好相反,新橘皮苷及Bioflavex明顯抑制甲烷排放(新橘皮苷、Bioflavex及對照分別為13.70及13.66相比於14.58),從而提高丙酸比例(新橘皮苷、Bioflavex相比於對照及新北美聖草苷丙酸比例分別為25.7及25.8相比於24.4(P<0.1)及23.7(P<0.05))。
表8.未補充(對照)或補充有不同類型及劑量之類黃酮之「試
1SEM:平均值標準誤差
2劑量:0.2g/kg DM與0.5g/kg DM之基質
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001且ns:不具顯著性
具有不同上標(a、b、c、d)之平均值指示此等平均值之間的顯著性差異(P<0.05)。
表9.未補充(對照)或補充有不同類型及劑量之類黃酮之「試管內」瘤胃液培養物中在不同培育時間下之乙酸、丙酸及丁酸莫耳比(mol/100mol)及A/P比率。
1
SEM:平均值標準誤差
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001且ns:不具顯著性
瘤胃內乳酸濃度與酸中毒功能障礙之間的關係已經實驗證明。自培育12小時之瓶獲得之乳酸濃度及乳酸產生性(牛鏈球菌)或消耗性(反芻月形單胞菌及埃氏巨球形菌)細菌滴定量的值顯示於表10中。
補充不同類黃酮對乳酸濃度之影響為適度的且僅新橘皮苷、橘皮苷及Bioflavex之存在傾向於減緩培育時段內所記錄之增加([c]t=0:22.16mg/l)。先前所述之發酵條件之變化(表8及9)會使得微生物DNA濃度有所增加,但僅在新橘皮苷之情況下,當相對於對照、新北美聖草苷、枸橘苷及橘皮苷比較滴定量時,增加達到具統計顯著性。然而,實驗處理未改變牛鏈球菌及反芻月形單胞菌滴定量,根據自先前實驗獲得之結果,相較於所記錄之對照值,新橘皮苷與Bioflavex混合物兩者均提高所記錄之埃氏巨球形菌滴定量。
1SEM:平均值標準誤差
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001且ns:不具顯著性
具有不同上標(a、b、c、d)之平均值指示此等平均值之間的顯著性差異(P<0.05)。
Claims (10)
- 一種降低反芻動物之甲烷產生之方法,其包括向該反芻動物經口投予含有選自由新橘皮苷(neohesperidin)、異柚皮苷(isonaringin)、枸橘苷(poncirin)及橘皮苷(hesperidin)或其混合物組成之群之黃烷酮糖苷的飼料組成物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該飼料組成物為包含新橘皮苷及枸橘苷之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該混合物另外包含柚皮苷。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項之方法,其中該混合物為天然植物萃取物。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該植物萃取物為柑橘植物萃取物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項之方法,其中該組成物另外包含載劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該組成物另外包含載劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項之方法,其中該組成物為包含以下之混合物:25wt.%至55wt.%柚皮苷、10wt.%至20wt.%新橘皮苷、1wt.%至5wt.%枸橘苷及足量之載劑直至100wt.%。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該組成物包含40wt.%至50wt.%柚皮苷、11wt.%至15wt.%新橘皮苷、3%至5%枸橘苷及足量之載劑直至100wt.%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該反芻動物為小牛、母牛、水 牛、綿羊、鹿、駱駝或山羊。
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EP12164765.5A EP2653039A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2012-04-19 | Feed composition for reducing ruminant methanogenesis |
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HK (1) | HK1202780A1 (zh) |
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PT (1) | PT2838376T (zh) |
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TW (1) | TWI580361B (zh) |
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EP3512342A1 (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2019-07-24 | Grace Breeding Ltd. | Compositions comprising a non-pathogenic bacteria and methods for protecting plant and animal hosts from fungal, bacterial and viral diseases |
CN109996452A (zh) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-07-09 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 粉末状配制物 |
US20200170281A1 (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-06-04 | Mootral Sa | Animal feed supplement |
CN108041278A (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-18 | 河北真信粘土科技发展有限公司 | 一种可替代抗生素防治动物肠道疾病的饲料添加剂 |
EP3628169A1 (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-04-01 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | 3h-1,2-dithiol-derivatives for reducing methane emission in ruminants |
MX2021005742A (es) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-12-10 | Xianfeng Peng | Aplicaciones de compuestos de difenilpropenona en la preparacion de aditivos para alimentacion animal o piensos para animales. |
KR20200071317A (ko) | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-19 | 경상대학교산학협력단 | 파 및 탄닌산을 유효성분으로 포함하는 반추동물 메탄 저감용 사료첨가제 조성물 |
EP3698642A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 | 2020-08-26 | Interquim, S.A. | Flavonoids and animal health and performance |
CN112472069B (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-09-06 | 山东明骏生态农业科技有限公司 | 一种动物呼吸测热法及装置 |
AU2021396978A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2023-02-23 | Ruminant Biotech Corp Limited | Improvements to devices and methods for delivery of substances to animals |
EP4262426A1 (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2023-10-25 | Mootral Innovations Limited | Compositions for reducing methane emission, methods for improving the metabolic efficiency of ruminant animals and methanogenesis inhibitor administration |
KR20240045879A (ko) | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-08 | 이피홀딩스 주식회사 | 조사료용 케나프 펠릿 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN115553384B (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-12-22 | 江西农业大学 | 一种植物提取物调控剂在促进瘤胃丙酸型发酵及肉牛抗热应激中的应用 |
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US2421063A (en) | 1944-03-11 | 1947-05-27 | Fruit Growers Exchange Ca | Method for recovery of naringin |
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RU2576195C1 (ru) | 2016-02-27 |
MX2014012440A (es) | 2015-05-07 |
HUE029329T2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
CA2868923A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
US20150132432A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
US10159265B2 (en) | 2018-12-25 |
AU2013251124A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
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BR112014025571B1 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
CN104244730B (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
UY34751A (es) | 2013-10-31 |
PT2838376T (pt) | 2016-07-13 |
TW201350025A (zh) | 2013-12-16 |
JP5970603B2 (ja) | 2016-08-17 |
CA2868923C (en) | 2017-10-17 |
EP2838376B1 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
EP2653039A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
DK2838376T3 (en) | 2016-07-04 |
KR20150004836A (ko) | 2015-01-13 |
EP2838376A1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
PE20142146A1 (es) | 2014-12-06 |
PL2838376T3 (pl) | 2016-09-30 |
AR090247A1 (es) | 2014-10-29 |
PH12014502281B1 (en) | 2014-12-15 |
PH12014502281A1 (en) | 2014-12-15 |
JP2015514409A (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
HK1202780A1 (zh) | 2015-10-09 |
IN2014DN08920A (zh) | 2015-05-22 |
CN104244730A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
AU2013251124B2 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
CL2014002794A1 (es) | 2015-02-06 |
WO2013156574A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
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