TWI566940B - 多層膜於製造光伏模組上之用途 - Google Patents
多層膜於製造光伏模組上之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI566940B TWI566940B TW101137465A TW101137465A TWI566940B TW I566940 B TWI566940 B TW I566940B TW 101137465 A TW101137465 A TW 101137465A TW 101137465 A TW101137465 A TW 101137465A TW I566940 B TWI566940 B TW I566940B
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- weight
- polyamine
- composition
- film
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 64
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- -1 oxime amine Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-dicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- IHWDSEPNZDYMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indol-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(N)=CC2=C1 IHWDSEPNZDYMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
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- CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical class COC1=NC(N)=NC2=C1C=CN2 CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)but-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C\C=C\CO DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical class NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN DPQHRXRAZHNGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-7-fluoroquinazolin-4-amine Chemical class FC1=CC=C2C(N)=NC(Cl)=NC2=C1 FZZMTSNZRBFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical group O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- WTKWFNIIIXNTDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-isocyanato-5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan Chemical compound CC1=CC(N=C=O)=C(C(F)(F)F)O1 WTKWFNIIIXNTDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZTBUYKEBWNOKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3-ethyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2-ethyl-6-methylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1C(C)C(N)C(CC)CC1CC1CC(CC)C(N)C(C)C1 OZTBUYKEBWNOKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002633 Kraton (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017858 Laurus nobilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;styrene Chemical group C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
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- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
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Description
本發明關於具有黏性改進增加(additization)之多層膜作為太陽能模組的背蓋件之用途。
也常被稱為光伏模組的太陽能模組適用於自日光發電且由包含太陽能電池系統作為核心層之層合板所組成。此核心層係由作為免於機械和風蝕(weathering)相關影響的防護之封裝材料包封。
活性太陽能電池在此係介於前蓋件與背蓋件之間。前蓋件為透明且通常由玻璃所組成；其係利用常由乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物所組成的黏性促進層黏合至包含太陽能電池之層。背蓋件確保電遮蔽且作為免於風蝕影響(諸如UV光)的防護及水氣阻障層。
由氟聚合物膜及聚酯所組成的膜複合物目前用作為背蓋件的標準物。在外部之氟聚合物膜確保抗風蝕性、聚酯膜機械穩定性及所欲電絕緣性質。在內部之另外的氟聚合物膜用於附著至太陽能電池系統的密封層。然而，此等氟聚合物膜對用作為太陽能電池本身的包埋材料之密封層僅具有低黏性。另外，氟聚合物膜僅貢獻低微程度的電絕緣性，其導致必須使用比較厚的聚酯膜。
WO 2008138022因此提出以耐綸-12(PA12)膜替換在此等複合物中的兩種氟聚合物膜。在其發展中，WO
2011066595提出面向太陽能電池之熱塑性層包含光反射填料，諸如二氧化鈦，而遠離太陽能電池之熱塑性層包含第二填料，諸如玻璃纖維、矽灰石或雲母，其造成此層較高的導熱性。例示之熱塑物係出自於聚醯胺、聚酯或聚醯胺與聚烯烴之摻合物的群組。明確述及的是PA11、PA12和PA1010，及其與聚烯烴之摻合物。
此等光伏模組具有至少20年的使用壽命。在此期間必須非常實質地維持層間黏性。此首先實施將背膜黏合至含有實際太陽能電池的密封層及其次亦實施將背膜的各個層互相黏著。當所有層中的背膜之聚合物部分皆使用相同的聚醯胺時，則通常達成非常好的黏性。然而，出於成本的理由，中間層的聚合物部分常由聚醯胺與聚烯烴之摻合物所組成。此等複合物可由於聚烯烴含量而具有相對低的起始黏性水平；然而，更特別地黏性程度隨時間下降的程度比純聚醯胺系統更大。
因此本發明的目的係改進在光伏模組之背膜中的以純聚醯胺為底質的層與該等包含聚醯胺和聚烯烴的層之間的黏性。
驚訝地發現此目的可藉由使用聚醚酯醯胺或聚醚醯胺類型之聚醯胺彈性體而達成。
本發明因此提供包含下列各層之膜：a)模製組成物的第一外層，其包含在各情況中以整體模
製組成物為基準計至少35重量%，較佳為至少40重量%，更佳為至少45重量%，特佳為至少50重量%，而最佳為至少55重量%之聚醯胺含量，b)模製組成物的中間層，其包含在各情況中以整體模製組成物為基準計至少50重量%，較佳為至少55重量%，而更佳為至少60重量%之下列組分所組成的聚合物部分：I. 30至95重量份，較佳為35至90重量份，而更佳為40至85重量份之聚醯胺，及II. 5至70重量份，較佳為10至65重量份，而更佳為15至60重量份之聚烯烴，其中重量份之總和加總為100，及c)模製組成物的第二外層，其包含在各情況中以整體模製組成物為基準計至少35重量%，較佳為至少40重量%，更佳為至少45重量%，尤其佳為至少50重量%，而最佳為至少55重量%之聚醯胺含量，其中根據a)、b)及c)的該等層係直接以層接層，且其中膜複合物之黏性係藉由選自下列之措施而改進：(1)使用選自聚醚酯醯胺和聚醚醯胺之聚醯胺彈性體作為根據a)的層之模製組成物中的聚醯胺組分，使得根據a)的層之模製組成物含有1至25重量%，而較佳為2至20重量%之聚醯胺彈性體；(2)使用選自聚醚酯醯胺和聚醚醯胺之聚醯胺彈性體作為根據b)的層之模製組成物中的聚醯胺組分，根
據b)的層之模製組成物含有1至15重量%，而更佳為2至10重量%之聚醯胺彈性體；及(3)使用選自聚醚酯醯胺和聚醚醯胺之聚醯胺彈性體作為根據c)的層之模製組成物中的聚醯胺組分，使得根據c)的層之模製組成物含有1至25重量%，而較佳為2至20重量%之聚醯胺彈性體；及其中在(1)、(2)和(3)中的百分比係以各個模製組成物為基準計。
因此，各種具體例是可能的：在第一個具體例中，聚醯胺彈性體僅存在於根據a)的層中。
在第二個具體例中，聚醯胺彈性體僅存在於根據b)的層中。
在第三個具體例中，聚醯胺彈性體僅存在於根據c)的層中。
在第四個具體例中，聚醯胺彈性體存在於根據a)的層中及根據c)的層中。
在第五個具體例中，聚醯胺彈性體存在於根據a)的層中及根據b)的層中。
在第六個具體例中，聚醯胺彈性體存在於根據b)的層中及根據c)的層中。
在第七個具體例中，聚醯胺彈性體存在於根據a)的層中及根據b和c)的層中。
除非另有其他陳述，後續的更多細節同樣地應用於所
有該等具體例。
聚醯胺可為部分結晶性聚醯胺，例如PA6、PA66、PA610、PA612、PA10、PA810、PA106、PA1010、PA11、PA1011、PA1012、PA1210、PA1212、PA814、PA1014、PA618、PA512、PA613、PA813、PA914、PA1015、PA11、PA12或稱為聚酞醯胺(PPA)之半芳族聚醯胺(聚醯胺之命名係對應於國際標準，前面的數字(等)表示起始二胺的碳原子數目及最後的數字(等)表示二羧酸的碳原子數目。若只提到1個數字，此意指起始材料為α,ω-胺基羧酸或自其衍生之內醯胺；其餘部分參考H.Domininghaus,Die Kunststoffe und ihre Eigenschaften 〔The polymers and their properties〕,pages 272 ff.,VDI-Verlag,1976)。適合的PPA為例如PA66/6T、PA6/6T、PA6T/MPMDT(MPMD代表2-甲基五亞甲基二胺)、PA9T、PA10T、PA11T、PA12T、PA14T和該等後者類型與脂族二胺及脂族二羧酸或與ω-胺基羧酸或內醯胺之共聚縮合物。部分結晶性聚醯胺具有超過25焦耳/公克之熔合焓，其係在第二加熱步驟中根據ISO 11357之DSC方法及熔融峰積分所測量。
聚醯胺亦可為半結晶性聚醯胺。半結晶性聚醯胺具有4至25焦耳/公克之熔合焓，其係在第二加熱步驟中根據ISO 11357之DSC方法及熔融峰積分所測量。適合的半結晶性聚醯胺之實例為：-1,10-癸二酸或1,12-十二烷二酸及4,4'-二胺基二環
己基甲烷(PA PACM10和PA PACM12)之聚醯胺，來自具有35至65%之反，反異構物含量的4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷；-以前述部分結晶性聚醯胺為底質的共聚物；及-前述部分結晶性聚醯胺與可相容之非晶形聚醯胺的摻合物。
聚醯胺亦可為非晶形聚醯胺。非晶形聚醯胺具有少於4焦耳/公克之熔合焓，其係在第二加熱步驟中根據ISO 11357之DSC方法及熔融峰積分所測量。非晶形聚醯胺之實例為：-對苯二甲酸及/或間苯二甲酸及2,2,4-與2,4,4-三甲基六亞甲基二胺的異構物混合物之聚醯胺，-間苯二甲酸及1,6-六亞甲基二胺之聚醯胺，-對苯二甲酸/間苯二甲酸與1,6-六亞甲基二胺之混合物的共聚醯胺，隨意地在與4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷之混合物中，-對苯二甲酸及/或間苯二甲酸、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷及月桂內醯胺或己內醯胺之共聚醯胺，-1,12-十二烷二酸或癸二酸、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷及隨意的月桂內醯胺或己內醯胺之(共)聚醯胺，-間苯二甲酸、4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷及月桂內醯胺或己內醯胺之共聚醯胺，-1,12-十二烷二酸及4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(在低
的反，反異構物含量之例子中)之聚醯胺，-對苯二甲酸及/或間苯二甲酸及經烷基取代之雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷同系物之(共)聚醯胺，隨意地在與六亞甲基二胺之混合物中，-隨意地與另外的二胺一起的雙(4-胺基-3-甲基-5-乙基環己基)甲烷及隨意地與另外的二羧酸一起的間苯二甲酸之共聚醯胺，-間-伸二甲苯二胺與另外的二胺(例如，六亞甲基二胺)之混合物及隨意地與另外的二羧酸(例如，對苯二甲酸及/或2,6-萘二羧酸)一起的間苯二甲酸之共聚醯胺，-雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷與雙(4-胺基-3-甲基環己基)甲烷之混合物及具有8至14個碳原子的脂族二羧酸之共聚醯胺，及-包含1,14-十四烷二酸與芳族、芳基脂族或環脂族二胺的混合物之聚醯胺或共聚醯胺。
該等實例可藉由添加另外的組分(例如，己內醯胺、月桂內醯胺或二胺/二羧酸組合)或藉由以其他組分部分或完全替換起始組分而達到非常重大程度的改變。
根據b)的層之聚烯烴為例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯。原則上可使用任何市售類型。例如，下列者係有用的：高-、中-或低-密度線性聚乙烯、LDPE、同排或雜排均聚丙烯、丙烯與乙烯及/或1-丁烯之無規共聚物、乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物等。聚烯烴亦可包含衝擊修飾組分，例如EPM或EPDM橡膠或SEBS；其可以任何已知的方法製備，例如
根據Ziegler-Natta、Phillips方法、利用二茂金屬或以自由基方式。
為了更好地附著於聚醯胺，聚烯烴可含有官能基；可另外或選擇添加相容劑。適合的官能基之實例包括酸酐基團、N-醯基內醯胺基團、羧酸基團、環氧化物基團、噁唑啉基團、三烷氧基矽烷基團或羥基。官能基在此可藉由適合的單體與烯烴一起的共聚合反應或接枝反應而引入。在接枝反應中，將預形成之聚烯烴以已知的方式與不飽和官能性單體及有利的自由基予體在升溫下反應。
聚醚酯醯胺係例如從DE-A-25 23 991和DE-A-27 12 987而得知；該等含有聚醚二醇作為共單體。聚醚醯胺係例如從DE-A-30 06 961而得知；該等含有聚醚二胺作為共單體。
在聚醚二醇或聚醚二胺中，聚醚單元可以例如1,2-乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇或1,3-丁二醇為底質。聚醚單元亦可具有混合型結構，例如具有源自二醇之單元的無規或嵌段式分布。聚醚二醇或聚醚二胺之重量平均莫耳質量為200至5000公克/莫耳，而較佳為400至3000公克/莫耳；其在聚醚酯醯胺或聚醚醯胺中的比率較佳為4至60重量%，而更佳為10至50重量%。適合的聚醚二胺係藉由對應之聚醚二醇以還原胺化作用或偶合在丙烯腈上及接著氫化而獲得。該等可自例如Huntsman Corp.以JEFFAMINE® D或ED類型或ELASTAMINE®類型之形式或自BASF SE以聚醚胺D系列之形式取得。若使
用支鏈聚醚醯胺，則亦有可能使用較少量的聚醚三胺，例如JEFFAMINE® T類型。優先選擇使用在鏈中以每個醚氧原子計含有平均至少2.3個碳原子的聚醚二胺或聚醚三胺。根據本發明，優先選擇為聚醚醯胺，由於更好的水解穩定性。
根據a)的層之模製組成物可含有前述聚醯胺中之一或其二或多者之混合物。另外，可存在以模製組成物之整體聚合物含量為基準計有至多40重量%之其他熱塑物，例如衝擊修飾橡膠。依照先前技藝，任何存在的橡膠較佳地含有官能基，利用該官能基而獲得與聚醯胺基質的相容性。另外，可存在有習用於聚醯胺之助劑和添加劑，尤其為光及/或熱穩定劑，或較佳亦為光反射填料，例如二氧化鈦(WO 2011066595)。
根據b)的層之模製組成物可含有前述聚烯烴中之一或其二或多者之混合物，以及聚醯胺。另外，可存在有習用於聚醯胺和聚烯烴之助劑和添加劑，尤其為光及/或熱穩定劑、光反射填料(例如，二氧化鈦)和強化填料(例如，玻璃纖維、矽灰石或雲母)。
關於根據c)的層之模製組成物，可應用與根據a)的層之模製組成物相同者，而關於填料，亦可應用與根據b)的層之模製組成物相同者。另外，根據c)的層之模製組成物可著色及/或包含消光劑。
各個膜層通常具有下列厚度：‧根據a)和c)的層：15至100微米，而較佳為25
至50微米；‧根據b)的層：100至500微米，而較佳為150至400微米。
依照本發明所使用之多層膜可以所有的先前技藝方法製造，例如共擠壓或層合。
本發明亦提供根據申請專利範圍之膜作為光伏模組的背蓋件之用途。出於此目的，根據a)的層係藉由例如層合或黏著而黏合至太陽能電池已埋入其中的密封層。由於聚醯胺或聚醯胺彈性體在根據a)的層中之比率，層合給予密封層好的黏性。所使用之密封層可為根據先前技藝常使用之任何材料。
本發明進一步提供光伏模組，其包含根據申請專利範圍之多層膜作為背蓋件，利用根據a)的層黏合至太陽能電池已埋入其中的密封層。
本發明係以下文之實例方式例證。下列的模製組成物係出於此目的而製造；〝份〞通常為重量份：
將79.25份VESTAMID® L1901 nf(PA12)、0.5份IRGANOX® 1098(位阻酚(sterically hindered)抗氧化劑)、0.2份TINUVIN® 312(UV吸收劑)與20份二氧化鈦Sachtleben R 420在220℃之機筒溫度下藉助雙軸擠壓
機(Coperion Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 25 WLE,36 L/D)而混合。將擠壓物藉助水浴而冷卻且切碎；接著將小粒在強加空氣的烘箱中以80℃經12小時乾燥。
將71.75份VESTAMID® L1901 nf、7.5份聚醚酯醯胺(從63.796重量%之月桂內醯胺、6.645重量%之十二烷二酸、29.492重量%之PTHF 1000及0.067重量%之50%次磷酸製得)、0.5份IRGANOX® 1098、0.2份TINUVIN® 312與20份二氧化鈦Sachtleben R 420在220℃之機筒溫度下藉助雙軸擠壓機(Coperion Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 25 WLE,36 L/D)而混合。將擠壓物藉助水浴而冷卻且切碎；接著將小粒在強加空氣的烘箱中以80℃經12小時乾燥。
將64.25份VESTAMID® L1901 nf、15份與化合物2中相同的聚醚酯醯胺、0.5份IRGANOX® 1098、0.2份TINUVIN® 312與20份二氧化鈦Sachtleben R 420在220℃之機筒溫度下藉助雙軸擠壓機(Coperion Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 25 WLE,36 L/D)而混合。將擠壓物藉助水浴而冷卻且切碎；接著將小粒在強加空氣的烘箱中以80℃經12小時乾燥。
將50.6份VESTAMID® L1901、26份MOPLEN HP552L(均聚丙烯，擠壓型)、20份TEC 110高嶺土、3份KRATON® FG1901(經順丁烯二酸酐改質之苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯嵌段共聚物)與0.4份IRGANOX® 1098在200℃之機筒溫度下藉助雙軸擠壓機(Coperion Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 25 WLE,36 L/D)而混合。將擠壓物藉助水浴而冷卻且切碎；接著將小粒在強加空氣的烘箱中以80℃經12小時乾燥。
使用來自Collin之多層膜系統(300毫米狹縫模具，0-6毫米間距，用於3-層膜或5-層膜之共擠壓進料塊)在約230℃之加工溫度下製造3-層膜。中間層設定為250微米，而每個其他層設定為50微米。將結果顯示於表1中。
Claims (4)
- 一種包含下列各層之膜：a)模製組成物的第一外層，其包含以整體模製組成物為基準計至少35重量%之聚醯胺含量，b)模製組成物的中間層，其包含以整體模製組成物為基準計至少50重量%之下列組分所組成的聚合物部分：I. 30至95重量份之聚醯胺，及II. 5至70重量份之聚烯烴，其中重量份之總和加總為100，及c)模製組成物的第二外層，其包含以整體模製組成物為基準計至少35重量%之聚醯胺含量，其中根據a)、b)及c)的該等層係直接以層接層，且其中膜複合物之黏性係藉由選自下列之措施而修改：(1)使用選自聚醚酯醯胺和聚醚醯胺之聚醯胺彈性體作為根據a)的該層中之聚醯胺組分，使得此層之模製組成物含有1至25重量%之聚醯胺彈性體；(2)使用選自聚醚酯醯胺和聚醚醯胺之聚醯胺彈性體作為根據b)的該層之模製組成物中的聚醯胺組分，使得此層之模製組成物含有1至15重量%之聚醯胺彈性體；及(3)使用選自聚醚酯醯胺和聚醚醯胺之聚醯胺彈性體作為根據c)的該層之模製組成物中的聚醯胺組分，使得此層之模製組成物含有1至25重 量%之聚醯胺彈性體；其中在(1)、(2)和(3)中的百分比係以各個模製組成物為基準計。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之膜，其中˙根據a)和c)的該等層具有15至100微米之厚度，及˙根據b)的該層具有100至500微米之厚度。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之膜的用途，其係作為光伏模組之背蓋件，利用根據a)的該層黏合至太陽能電池已埋入其中的密封層。
- 一種光伏模組，其包含根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之膜作為背蓋件，利用根據a)的該層黏合至太陽能電池已埋入其中的密封層。
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| KR101999401B1 (ko) | 2019-07-11 |
| JP2013086510A (ja) | 2013-05-13 |
| KR20130040720A (ko) | 2013-04-24 |
| EP2599629A1 (de) | 2013-06-05 |
| CN103050561B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
| DE102011084519A1 (de) | 2013-04-18 |
| TW201334971A (zh) | 2013-09-01 |
| JP6124546B2 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
| CN103050561A (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
| EP2599629B1 (de) | 2017-04-05 |
| ES2625936T3 (es) | 2017-07-21 |
| US20130092226A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
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