TWI519773B - Pesticide detection apparatus - Google Patents
Pesticide detection apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- TWI519773B TWI519773B TW102131594A TW102131594A TWI519773B TW I519773 B TWI519773 B TW I519773B TW 102131594 A TW102131594 A TW 102131594A TW 102131594 A TW102131594 A TW 102131594A TW I519773 B TWI519773 B TW I519773B
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Description
本發明係關於一種農藥檢測裝置;特別關於一種利用特定波長之光學農藥檢測裝置。 The present invention relates to a pesticide detecting device; and more particularly to an optical pesticide detecting device using a specific wavelength.
農藥殘留檢測通常分為化學法和生化法二種。衛生單位檢驗室一般使用化學法,需時3至5天,不僅費時且分析儀器價格昂貴、體積龐大;而生化法係利用蛋白酵素呈色反應,通常適用於田邊和產銷地做的快速檢測,但仍需光譜儀器判定,且僅能測有機磷劑的總量是否超過,並無法得知何種農藥及其含量。果菜市場通常以生化法進行檢測,模糊地帶範圍的果菜仍會拍賣出去。3-5天後用化學法檢驗結果出爐,若不合格只能開罰。另外,在實際運作上,衛生單位的農藥查驗從採樣到公布結果經常是一週至二個月後,有問題的菜早已從市場進入消費端。因此不論是化學法或生化法均無法即時且有效確認農藥殘留,使得危險蔬果充斥市面,危害消費者健康至鉅。 Pesticide residue testing is usually divided into chemical and biochemical methods. The inspection unit of the health unit generally uses the chemical method, which takes 3 to 5 days, which is not only time-consuming but also expensive and bulky. The biochemical method utilizes the color reaction of the protein enzyme, which is usually suitable for rapid detection in the field and production and sales. However, it is still necessary to determine by spectroscopic instruments, and it is only possible to measure whether the total amount of organophosphorus agents exceeds, and it is impossible to know which pesticides and their contents. The fruit and vegetable market is usually tested by biochemical methods, and the fruit and vegetables in the fuzzy range will still be auctioned out. After 3-5 days, the results of the chemical test are used to release the furnace. If it is not qualified, it can only be issued. In addition, in actual operation, the pesticide inspection of the health unit is often from one week to two months after sampling to the published results, and the problematic vegetables have already entered the consumer side from the market. Therefore, neither chemical nor biochemical methods can immediately and effectively confirm pesticide residues, making dangerous fruits and vegetables flood the market and endangering consumers' health.
為解決無法快速檢出的問題,逐漸發展出利用光學原理之農藥檢測儀。通常該光學農藥檢測儀的發光體使用鎢絲燈或汞燈,波長範圍約350至700nm。該傳統的光學檢測儀具有全光 譜功能的優點,可檢測出各種不同光譜的農藥或其他化學成分。惟其價格高昂、體積龐大、零件易耗損且操作複雜,因此一直無法普及化。 In order to solve the problem that cannot be quickly detected, a pesticide detector using optical principles has been gradually developed. Typically, the illuminant of the optical pesticide detector uses a tungsten or mercury lamp with a wavelength in the range of about 350 to 700 nm. The conventional optical detector has full light The advantage of the spectral function is the detection of pesticides or other chemical components in a variety of different spectra. However, the price is high, the volume is large, the parts are easy to wear and the operation is complicated, so it has not been popularized.
因此,目前亟需要一種低價且簡單實用之農藥檢測裝置,可供各蔬果通路商甚至一般消費者即時檢出殘留農藥,為自已和其他消費者的健康作有效把關。 Therefore, at present, there is a need for a low-cost, simple and practical pesticide testing device, which can be used by various fruit and vegetable distributors and even general consumers to detect residual pesticides in real time, and effectively control the health of themselves and other consumers.
本發明關於一種農藥檢測裝置,利用定波長之LED作為光源,可有效且快速進行農藥判讀,故相當適宜作為農藥檢測之專屬儀器。 The invention relates to a pesticide detecting device, which can effectively and quickly carry out pesticide interpretation by using a fixed wavelength LED as a light source, and is therefore quite suitable as a special instrument for pesticide detection.
根據本發明之一實施例,一種農藥檢測裝置包括LED光源、比色杯(cuvette)、光感測器及微控制器。LED光源能產生定波長之光路徑,其中該定波長對應於至少一農藥。該比色杯位於該光路徑上,且具有一容器室以容納包含該農藥之溶液。比色杯一般為透明,允許該光路徑上之光線通過。光感測器位於該光路徑上,接受通過比色杯之光線,產生感測信號。微控制器電氣連接該光感測器,接受該感測信號並據以進行是否有農藥殘料之判讀。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a pesticide detecting device includes an LED light source, a cuvette, a photo sensor, and a microcontroller. The LED light source is capable of producing a light path of a fixed wavelength, wherein the predetermined wavelength corresponds to at least one pesticide. The cuvette is located on the light path and has a container chamber for containing a solution containing the pesticide. The cuvette is generally transparent, allowing light to pass through the light path. The light sensor is located on the light path and receives light passing through the cuvette to generate a sensing signal. The microcontroller is electrically connected to the photo sensor, and receives the sensing signal and accordingly performs the interpretation of the pesticide residue.
一實施例中,該微控制器電氣連接該LED光源,以傳送控制信號給LED光源。該農藥檢測裝置可另包含連接於微控制器及光感測器間之類比數位轉換器(analog-to-digital converter;ADC),用以將該感測信號轉換為數位信號,以供微控 制器進行分析判讀。 In one embodiment, the microcontroller is electrically coupled to the LED light source to transmit a control signal to the LED light source. The pesticide detecting device may further comprise an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) connected between the microcontroller and the photo sensor, for converting the sensing signal into a digital signal for micro control The controller performs analysis and interpretation.
一實施例中,位於該LED光源和比色杯間之該光路徑中可包含第一聚焦鏡,以聚焦光線於該比色杯。位於該比色杯和光感測器間之該光路徑中可包含第二聚焦鏡,以聚焦光線於該光感測器。 In one embodiment, a first focusing mirror may be included in the light path between the LED light source and the cuvette to focus light on the cuvette. A second focusing mirror may be included in the light path between the cuvette and the photo sensor to focus light onto the photo sensor.
一實施例中,農藥檢測裝置可另包含一資料輸入裝置、顯示幕、資料儲存裝置等,以提供使用上的方便性。 In one embodiment, the pesticide detecting device may further comprise a data input device, a display screen, a data storage device, etc. to provide convenience in use.
一實施例中,該LED光源為波長350~450nm之定波長光源。 In one embodiment, the LED light source is a constant wavelength light source having a wavelength of 350 to 450 nm.
10‧‧‧農藥檢測裝置 10‧‧‧Pesticide testing device
11‧‧‧顯示幕 11‧‧‧ display screen
12‧‧‧資料輸入裝置 12‧‧‧Data input device
13‧‧‧鍵盤 13‧‧‧ keyboard
14‧‧‧切換鍵 14‧‧‧Switch button
15‧‧‧電源供應孔 15‧‧‧Power supply hole
21‧‧‧LED光源 21‧‧‧LED light source
22‧‧‧比色杯 22‧‧‧ cuvette
23‧‧‧光感測器 23‧‧‧Light sensor
24‧‧‧微控制器 24‧‧‧Microcontroller
25‧‧‧類比數位轉換器 25‧‧‧ Analog Digital Converter
26‧‧‧資料儲存裝置 26‧‧‧Data storage device
27‧‧‧電池 27‧‧‧Battery
28‧‧‧時鐘產生器 28‧‧‧clock generator
29‧‧‧蜂鳴器 29‧‧‧ buzzer
30‧‧‧市電 30‧‧‧Power
31、32‧‧‧聚焦鏡 31, 32‧‧ ‧ focusing mirror
圖1係本發明一實施例之農藥檢測裝置之外觀示意圖。 Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a pesticide detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖2係本發明一實施例之農藥檢測裝置之電路方塊示意圖。 2 is a circuit block diagram of a pesticide detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖3係本發明一實施例之農藥檢測裝置之光路徑示意圖。 Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the light path of the pesticide detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
為期使對於本發明之目的、功效以及構造特徵能有更詳細明確的瞭解,茲舉較佳實施例並配合圖式說明如後,惟此等說明僅係用來說明本發明,而非對本發明的權利範圍作任何的限制。 The present invention is intended to be illustrative of the invention, and is not intended to The scope of the rights is subject to any restrictions.
圖1繪示本發明一實施例之農藥檢測裝置示意圖。一農藥檢測裝置10之外觀如一般手持式電子儀器,體積小,方便攜帶使用。農藥檢測裝置10的表面設有顯示幕11及資料輸入裝置 12。顯示幕11可顯示儀器操作、設定、檢測過程、檢測結果、資料傳輸等資訊,以供使用者讀取及使用。資料輸入裝置12可包含如鍵盤13和切換鍵14等。鍵盤13可鍵入相關資料和數據,切換鍵14則可進行各種模式間之切換或其他設定。一實施例中,農藥檢測裝置10之側邊設有電源供應孔15,可藉由電源線連接至市電,以提供農藥檢測裝置10所需電源。圖1僅為本發明之農藥檢測裝置10的外觀例示圖,其他類似的外觀或構造,只要同樣使用本發明之技術內容仍為本發明所涵蓋。 1 is a schematic view of a pesticide detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of a pesticide detecting device 10 is generally a hand-held electronic device, which is small in size and convenient to carry and use. The surface of the pesticide detecting device 10 is provided with a display screen 11 and a data input device. 12. The display screen 11 can display information such as instrument operation, setting, detection process, test result, data transmission, etc., for the user to read and use. The data input device 12 may include, for example, a keyboard 13 and a switch button 14. The keyboard 13 can input relevant data and data, and the switch key 14 can switch between various modes or other settings. In one embodiment, the side of the pesticide detecting device 10 is provided with a power supply hole 15 which can be connected to the commercial power by a power line to provide the power required by the pesticide detecting device 10. 1 is only an appearance view of the pesticide detecting device 10 of the present invention, and other similar appearances or configurations are also covered by the present invention as long as the technical contents of the present invention are also used.
圖2為本發明一實施例之農藥檢測裝置之電路方塊示意圖。農藥檢測裝置10包括顯示幕11、資料輸入裝置12、LED光源21、比色杯22、光感測器23、微控制器24、類比數位轉換器25、資料儲存裝置26、電池27、時鐘產生器28及峰鳴器29。顯示幕11可為液晶顯示幕(LCD),且電氣連接微控制器24,用以接收微控制器24傳送之顯示資料及LCD螢幕亮度等控制信號。LED光源21和光感測器23均電氣連接至微控制器24。微控制器24傳送控制信號給LED光源21。一實施例中,LED光源21採用波長為350~450nm之定波長光源,例如412nm之定波長光源。一實施例中,光感測器23可為光電二極體(photodiode),可將接收到的光信號轉換成電壓或電流等類比信號。光感測器23和微控制器24間設有類比數位轉換器25,用以將光感測器23產生的類比信號轉換為微控制器24可判讀和運算之數位信號。微控制器24存有各種農藥之相應光譜,可將接收之數位信號與該光譜進行比對,以進行是否有農藥殘留 之判讀。一實施例中,資料輸入裝置12連接至微控制器24,可供使用者輸入相關資料及進行儀器設定。農藥檢測裝置10可依靠電池27或連接市電30等兩種電源供應方式,因此微控制器24連接電池27或透過如圖1之電源供應孔15連接至市電30。實際上,亦可設計為單獨擇一電源。資料儲存裝置26連接微控制器24,其中可設有記憶體提供資料儲存功能。時鐘產生器28提供檢測當時的時間紀錄,以提供即時且具公信力的檢測資料。峰鳴器30連接微控制器24,於適當時間發出注意聲響。例如:當微控制器24接收到光感測器23的信號完成檢測時,可發出聲響,以提醒使用者注意;或者當檢測出有農藥殘留時發出聲響警告使用者。另外,本發明之農藥檢測裝置10可設有USB接頭或無線模組(圖未示),或另外可提供資料列印功能,或進一步使用通訊晶片將資料傳送至雲端,以進行資料處理及運算。 2 is a circuit block diagram of a pesticide detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The pesticide detecting device 10 includes a display screen 11, a data input device 12, an LED light source 21, a cuvette 22, a photo sensor 23, a microcontroller 24, an analog-to-digital converter 25, a data storage device 26, a battery 27, and a clock generation device. The device 28 and the buzzer 29. The display screen 11 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), and is electrically connected to the microcontroller 24 for receiving control signals transmitted by the microcontroller 24 and brightness of the LCD screen. Both the LED light source 21 and the photo sensor 23 are electrically connected to the microcontroller 24. The microcontroller 24 transmits a control signal to the LED light source 21. In one embodiment, the LED light source 21 uses a constant wavelength light source having a wavelength of 350 to 450 nm, for example, a fixed wavelength light source of 412 nm. In one embodiment, the photo sensor 23 can be a photodiode that converts the received optical signal into an analog signal such as a voltage or current. An analog-to-digital converter 25 is provided between the photo sensor 23 and the microcontroller 24 for converting the analog signal generated by the photo sensor 23 into a digital signal that the microcontroller 24 can interpret and calculate. The microcontroller 24 has a corresponding spectrum of various pesticides, and the received digital signal can be compared with the spectrum to determine whether there is pesticide residue. Interpretation. In one embodiment, the data input device 12 is coupled to the microcontroller 24 for inputting relevant data and performing instrument settings. The pesticide detecting device 10 can rely on two power supply modes such as the battery 27 or the connection to the commercial power supply 30. Therefore, the microcontroller 24 is connected to the battery 27 or connected to the commercial power supply 30 through the power supply hole 15 of FIG. In fact, it can also be designed to select a separate power source. The data storage device 26 is coupled to the microcontroller 24, which may be provided with a memory providing data storage function. The clock generator 28 provides a time record for detecting the current time to provide immediate and credible test data. The buzzer 30 is coupled to the microcontroller 24 to sound an attention sound at the appropriate time. For example, when the microcontroller 24 receives the signal from the photo sensor 23 to complete the detection, an audible sound may be emitted to alert the user; or an audible alarm is issued to the user when a pesticide residue is detected. In addition, the pesticide detecting device 10 of the present invention may be provided with a USB connector or a wireless module (not shown), or may additionally provide a data printing function, or further use a communication chip to transmit data to the cloud for data processing and calculation. .
圖3為本發明之農藥檢測裝置10之光路示意圖。LED光源21發出LED光經由聚焦鏡31將光線具焦於比色杯22。比色杯22一般為透明或半透明設計,以容許光線通過。該比色杯22具有一容器室,可容納包含該農藥之溶液。光線通過該比色杯22後可利用另一聚焦鏡32將光線聚焦於光感測器23,以提高感測信號之精準度。本發明農藥檢測裝置之光路徑在同一軸線上。 Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the optical path of the pesticide detecting device 10 of the present invention. The LED light source 21 emits LED light to focus the light onto the cuvette 22 via the focusing mirror 31. The cuvette 22 is generally a transparent or translucent design to allow light to pass through. The cuvette 22 has a container chamber that holds a solution containing the pesticide. After the light passes through the cuvette 22, the other focusing mirror 32 can be used to focus the light on the photo sensor 23 to improve the accuracy of the sensing signal. The light path of the pesticide detecting device of the present invention is on the same axis.
以下以含有有機磷的農藥為例說明本發明的檢測原理。有機磷物是目前世界上應用最廣泛的農藥,不僅用於農作物病蟲害防治,也可當作環境用藥,特別是防堵登革熱病媒蚊的孳 生。有機磷農藥在環境中容易被分解,但是具有強烈的神經毒性,噴灑過程中若有不慎,便可能導致中毒。本發明農藥辨識的基本原理係利用酵素蛋白形成比色杯溶液的成分,且將無農藥者作為對照組(正常藥劑)。利用測試組溶液中蛋白酵素和農藥裡有機磷的反應,當光線通過裝有樣品組溶液(測試藥劑)的比色杯後,利用色彩變化計算出光線通過率,例如原始光線為100%,若有20%被比色杯中之溶液吸收,即代表有80%通過。而無農藥的正常藥劑應該有100%光線通過。簡言之,感測信號為無農藥的蛋白酵素溶液或有農藥的蛋白酵素溶液進行比對的結果,藉此即可判斷是否有農藥殘留。 Hereinafter, the detection principle of the present invention will be described by taking a pesticide containing organic phosphorus as an example. Organophosphorus is currently the most widely used pesticide in the world. It is not only used for crop pest control, but also for environmental use, especially for the prevention of dengue vector mosquitoes. Health. Organophosphorus pesticides are easily decomposed in the environment, but have strong neurotoxicity. If they are accidentally sprayed, they may cause poisoning. The basic principle of the pesticide identification of the present invention is to form a component of a cuvette solution using an enzyme protein, and a pesticide-free one is used as a control group (normal agent). Using the reaction of the proteinase in the test solution and the organic phosphorus in the pesticide, when the light passes through the cuvette containing the sample solution (testing agent), the light passing rate is calculated by using the color change, for example, the original light is 100%, if 20% is absorbed by the solution in the cuvette, which means that 80% pass. A normal pesticide without pesticide should have 100% light passing through it. In short, the sensing signal is the result of the comparison of the pesticide-free proteinase solution or the pesticide-containing proteinase solution, thereby judging whether there is a pesticide residue.
進一步言之,通常待測溶液包含酵素蛋白、相關助劑(例如呈色劑、受質及緩衝液等)及待測物(如各式農藥)等。因為酵素蛋白較不穩定,本測試先以酒精取代待測農藥進行測試作為對照組,其量測值為色度,可作為透光度之指標,結果如表一所示。表一之對照組顯示隨時間增加,間隔時間(毎隔10秒)之色差值維持穩定,亦即色度成等差級數增加,其顯示待測儀器有相當穩定度,可進行測試。 Further, the solution to be tested usually contains an enzyme protein, a related auxiliary agent (for example, a coloring agent, a receptor, a buffer, etc.) and a test substance (such as various pesticides). Because the enzyme protein is relatively unstable, this test first replaces the pesticide to be tested with alcohol as a control group, and its measured value is chromaticity, which can be used as an indicator of transmittance. The results are shown in Table 1. The control group of Table 1 shows that with the increase of time, the color difference of the interval time (10 seconds apart) remains stable, that is, the chromaticity increases into equal steps, which shows that the instrument to be tested has considerable stability and can be tested.
表二顯示第一樣品使用含有胺基甲酸鹽類或有機磷類的部分農藥,以AChE呈色法(乙醯膽鹼酯酶Acetylcholinesterase,AChE)判斷農藥殘留。量測值之斜率代表酵素之活性情形。斜率愈大表示酵素活性愈強。因此比對樣品與對照組斜率的差異可計算出酵素受抑制的抑制率。抑制率=[(對照組量測值之斜率-樣品組量測值之斜率)/對照組量測值之斜率]×100%。當檢測出之AChE抑制率小於預設之臨界值(例如40%)時,即判斷農藥在合格範圍內,儀器可亮綠燈或藍燈表示檢驗通過。若AChE抑制率高於該臨界值,表示農藥超標,儀器將亮紅燈,以進行警告。表二所示之第一樣品之抑制率約為78.8%,明顯超過本實施例設定之臨界值40%,故判別有農藥殘留。 Table 2 shows that the first sample used a part of the pesticide containing an aminoformate or an organophosphorus, and the pesticide residue was judged by the AChE colorimetric method (Acetylcholinesterase, AChE). The slope of the measured value represents the activity of the enzyme. The greater the slope, the stronger the enzyme activity. Therefore, the difference between the slope of the sample and the control group can be calculated to determine the inhibition rate of the enzyme inhibition. Inhibition rate = [(slope of the control measurement value - slope of the sample group measurement value) / slope of the control measurement value] × 100%. When the detected AChE inhibition rate is less than the preset threshold (for example, 40%), it is judged that the pesticide is within the qualified range, and the instrument can be illuminated by a green light or a blue light to indicate that the test passes. If the AChE inhibition rate is higher than the critical value, the pesticide will exceed the standard and the instrument will light red to warn. The inhibition rate of the first sample shown in Table 2 was about 78.8%, which was significantly higher than the critical value set by 40% in the present example, so that pesticide residues were discriminated.
表三為第二樣品實施例,其中檢測出樣品的抑制率約為80%,同樣判斷有農藥殘留。 Table 3 is a second sample example in which the inhibition rate of the sample was detected to be about 80%, and the pesticide residue was also judged.
本發明之農藥檢測裝置搭配農藥對應之特定波長,使用簡單之定波長LED光源即可有效進行是否有農藥殘留的判定,其不僅精準度高、體積小、攜帶方便,且價格便宜。另外,本發明之農藥檢測裝置的零件耗損率低,可依照所需,進行參數簡單設定即可。 The pesticide detecting device of the invention is matched with the specific wavelength corresponding to the pesticide, and the determination of whether or not the pesticide residue is effective can be effectively performed by using a simple constant-wavelength LED light source, which is not only high in accuracy, small in size, convenient to carry, and inexpensive. Further, the pesticide detecting device of the present invention has a low component loss rate, and can be simply set as required.
以上所述,僅為本發明的具體實施例之詳細說明與圖式,惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此,本發明之所有範圍應以下述之申請專利範圍為準,凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實施例,皆應包含於本發明之範疇中,任何熟悉該項技藝者在本發明之領域內,可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。 The above is only the detailed description and drawings of the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and all the scope of the present invention should be based on the following patent application, which is in accordance with the present invention. The spirit of the patent application and its similar variations are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Any change or modification that can be easily conceived in the field of the present invention can be covered in the following cases. Patent scope.
10‧‧‧農藥檢測裝置 10‧‧‧Pesticide testing device
11‧‧‧顯示幕 11‧‧‧ display screen
12‧‧‧資料輸入裝置 12‧‧‧Data input device
21‧‧‧LED光源 21‧‧‧LED light source
22‧‧‧比色杯 22‧‧‧ cuvette
23‧‧‧光感測器 23‧‧‧Light sensor
24‧‧‧微控制器 24‧‧‧Microcontroller
25‧‧‧類比數位轉換器 25‧‧‧ Analog Digital Converter
26‧‧‧資料儲存裝置 26‧‧‧Data storage device
27‧‧‧電池 27‧‧‧Battery
28‧‧‧時鐘產生器 28‧‧‧clock generator
29‧‧‧蜂鳴器 29‧‧‧ buzzer
30‧‧‧市電 30‧‧‧Power
Claims (11)
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CN201410322517.2A CN105181681A (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2014-07-08 | Pesticide detection device |
CN201420375328.7U CN204154651U (en) | 2013-09-03 | 2014-07-08 | Pesticide detection device |
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