TWI519344B - 用於透明複合吸收劑材料中之可分配之聚合型先質組成物 - Google Patents

用於透明複合吸收劑材料中之可分配之聚合型先質組成物 Download PDF

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TWI519344B
TWI519344B TW100134135A TW100134135A TWI519344B TW I519344 B TWI519344 B TW I519344B TW 100134135 A TW100134135 A TW 100134135A TW 100134135 A TW100134135 A TW 100134135A TW I519344 B TWI519344 B TW I519344B
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glycol dimethacrylate
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保羅 瓦卡
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Description

用於透明複合吸收劑材料中之可分配之聚合型先質組成物
本發明係關於一種可分配之聚合型先質組成物,其有用於製造能保護電子或光電子裝置中之水分敏感性元件的複合吸收劑材料。
水分對數種裝置的功能及壽命最終是有害的。在這些裝置中,最令人感興趣的可以提及是例如以OLED結構(有機發光二極體)以及OLET結構(有機發光電晶體)為基礎之光電子裝置或MEMS裝置(微電機械系統)。敏感性裝置之其他實例是光伏打電池諸如OSC(有機太陽能電池)。就最廣意義而言,敏感性裝置意圖為任何密封之裝置,其中即使在低濃度下(通常在低於5000 ppm下),H2O之存在最終是有害的。
由於水份存在的效應所致之效能的逐漸變差已是數項研究及科學論文之主題。例如,對於OLED裝置而言,在此方面之另外之資訊可在2001年4月9日出版之Applied Physics Letters,column 78 no. 15中的”Correlation between dark spot growth and pinhole size in organic light emitting diodes”by Shuang Fang Lim et al.,發現。
為要限制或避免危害水分敏感性裝置之效能,H2O通常藉由使用在其包封物中的乾燥元件移除,亦即如以申請人名義申請之公告為WO 2004/072604之國際專利申請案中所述的,其揭示分散在合適之多孔性基質中的活性成分的用途,其中活性成分或材料企圖指明能吸收水分之化學物質。此類解決方式有用以獲得待插入該裝置殼體中之分離的吸收元件。即使在移除水分方面是有效的,其用途視裝置製造期間某些技術要求而定。事實上,需要避免該吸收元件曝於環境條件(或儘可能限制)。因為彼關於一種在插入該敏感性裝置之前必須經活化的分離的吸收元件,需要使用充滿惰性氣體氣氛之特殊處理室,這是不被廣泛接受的,因為經常是太昂貴且限制大量製造。另一強的限制特性通常是該吸收元件之非透明性,此牽涉到其之使用可能性僅在該裝置包封物內部之有限數目的位置上。
再者,如WO 2004/072604中所述的,在沉積該先質之後,基質的原位聚合作用不容易應用在製造方法中,因為所牽涉之化學作用引起氣體物質(亦即H2O、O2、CO2等)之釋出。此種氣體生成可導致最終裝置之敏感性結構的破壞或導致在其殼體中非所欲之過壓。
近來,一些專利申請案已關於將吸收材料插入該最終敏感性裝置中之不同可能方式以維持材料的透明性(次要性質),當該材料是由在透明基質中之經分散的活性相組成時。這些解決方式之第一種形式係描述於以Eastman Kodak Company名義提出之公告為EP 1288251的歐洲專利申請案中,其中要求活性材料粒子大小為小於100奈米。同樣地,以Samsung SDI公司名義提出之公告為EP 1655792的歐洲專利申請案描述以具有粒子尺寸分布平均值為100奈米或更小的金屬氧化物或金屬鹽的分散液為底質之透明水分吸收層的使用。在以上提及之二公告中所述之複合材料的製造顯出與使用該活性材料之奈米粒子相關的缺點。事實上習知:其之處置需要特別謹慎,若該等粒子具有小於100奈米之直徑。再者,彼有傾向形成黏聚體的固有性質,且因此經常難以在作為黏合劑之聚合型基質中獲得均質分布。
對於上述之粒子尺寸的控制的替代的解決方式的實例,亦即特定活性相之選擇係描述於以Eastman Kodak Company名義提出之公告為US 2006/0060086之美國專利申請案中,其中該乾燥劑複合材料是以經溶解之有機金屬錯合物為底質。在此公告中所述之複合材料的製造顯出與以下相關之缺點:該活性相之相對高成本及在需要完全無揮發性物質之裝置製造方法中有限的使用機會。事實上,US 2006/0060086揭示一種複合材料,其中該活性相通常在添加於該聚合型基質之前溶解在有機溶劑中。包含加熱該聚合物以改良該活性物質之溶解性的替代的方法常是不能應用的,因為受限於該有機金屬化合物或該聚合型黏合劑之熱安定性。以Dupont Company名義提出之公告為EP 1652581的歐洲專利申請案描述:長且多樣的丙烯酸酯單體經提議作為複合吸收劑組成物中之黏合劑用的先質的用途。一般揭示之吸氣劑組成物需要另外之燒製以供該吸氣劑之活化及需要溶劑之使用以調節黏度,以致能使用所要之沉積方法。
在以申請人名義提出之公告為WO 2009/056536之國際專利申請案中,描述一種獲得用於移除H2O之包含聚合型基質及吸濕性無機鹽的複合吸收劑的方法。該方法包含:製備液態單體或聚合物,將無機鹽完全溶於其中且最終藉由UV或熱處理將該先質組成物固結。換言之,由該無機鹽所代表之活性材料係完全溶於該有機聚合物中,在與液態溶劑中之溶質所發生之相同方式下,其濃度低於相關之溶解度限度。在可能揭示之可能性中,最令人感興趣的是基於活性物質在不使用溶劑之情況中在該液態有機先質中之溶解度。事實上,在該聚合型基質之固結期間,該溶劑必須由其中移除,且如前述,揮發性物質之釋出在電子或光電子裝置之製造方法中是不被廣泛接受的。較佳具體例之一包含使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的混合物作為聚合型基質。該具體例承諾使與僅使用低分子量有機先質相關之逸氣及收縮最小化,但體積減少卻無論如何與其做為該最終裝置之殼體中的填充材料的用途衝突,因為該MMA具有高的蒸氣壓。再者,蒸汽狀態之甲基丙烯酸甲酯之存在與很多有機半導體結構在化學上有衝突。這些特徵特別是與某些用以分配液態材料於包膠製造方法的方法衝突。此外,收縮經常與該經固結之吸收劑材料的高粗糙度相關。
當製造者插入該吸收材料以作為該需要真空條件之裝置內部的“空置體積(free volume)”的填充材料時,可以觀察到先前技藝之組成物之較大的缺點。在該裝置中獲得填充劑形態之吸收材料的方法的實例-一滴填充(One Drop Fill,ODF)方法不僅需要真空條件方面的安定性,也需要UVA光反應性及大量之經溶解的吸水用化合物以維持該複合材料之透明性。這些不被WO 2009/056536或EP 1652581中所揭示之組成物所保證。再者,為要獲得完全聚合作用,這些先前技藝之組成物所需之固化條件在很多裝置中不能適用,因為可能危及其活性元件(亦即聚合型半導體結構)之效能。特別地,經常需要在含30分鐘及1小時之間之持續時間的熱固化以供先前技藝之組成物的交聯。
本發明之目的因此是要提供一種聚合型基質組成物,其係用於電子及光電子裝置製造時所用之水分吸收用複合材料,其並無先前技藝之缺點。
在第一方面中,本發明包含一種包含乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作為液態成分及其中所溶解之金屬過氯酸鹽的水分吸收用之以丙烯酸系為底質之先質組成物,其特徵在於組成物另外包含聚合起始劑,且特徵在於相對於該組成物之總重量,該乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯之量是在含60及90重量%之間,該金屬過氯酸鹽之量是在1及40重量%之間,且該聚合起始劑之量是在0.1及2.0重量%之間。
相對於該先前技藝,該組成物適於在較短時間內且需要較低能量處理的情況下完全聚合。為要使該水分吸收用複合材料之主要性質(其水分吸收容量)最大化,極重要地,最大過氯酸鹽濃度相對於其他以丙烯酸酯為底質之組成物可以大幅地增加。再者,最終之吸收劑複合材料可以在不損失其透明性(次要但卻是基本性質)的情況下獲得。此外,對於該可聚合之組成物(先質)及該經聚合之水分吸收劑複合材料(固結之材料)而言,此重要性質被確保。事實上,即使曝於潮濕環境,彼保持透明性以及,就應用性及處理性觀點而言,很多令人感興趣之性質。再者,本發明之組成物顯出低的蒸氣壓且其是不含溶劑的,在很多製造方面給予優點,例如在最終裝置中無內部環境的污染且在其聚合作用之後無內部“氣泡”。
本發明人已發現:使用乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作為可聚合組成物的主要成分會獲得所有上述之相對於先前技藝之改良。由組成觀點而言,事實上,本發明不同之點在於使用乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作為單體或寡聚物以獲得含有該活性吸收物質(亦即金屬過氯酸鹽)之聚合型基質的事實。先前技藝描述以不同之可聚合先質為底質之組成物,其中該乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯僅用以作為交聯劑而非主成分(換言之,係以低重量濃度分散在主要先質中)。作為先前技藝所揭示之組成物的實例,可提及公告為US 2008/0093059、US 2008/01533371及US 2008/0214725之美國專利申請案。
依本發明,關於可作為用於吸收用材料之該先質組成物中之主成分的乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯類,二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、或多乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯是較佳的。在本發明之特佳具體例中,可使用具有在含330及780gr*mol-1之間的分子量平均值的多乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯。
在金屬過氯酸鹽之間,本發明較佳設想鹼金屬或鹼土金屬過氯酸鹽之至少一種的用途。在一較佳具體例中,選擇過氯酸鎂Mg(ClO4)2作為無機乾燥劑,其濃度相對於該組成物之總重量在含1及40%之間。
適合之聚合起始劑可以選自光起始劑或熱起始劑。在第一情況中,較佳具體例包含使用二官能-α-酮,其濃度相對於該總重量是在0.1及2.0%之間。在第二情況中,例如利用含量相對於該總重量在0.5及1.0之間的2,2’-偶氮雙異丁腈。通常,該聚合起始劑之較佳濃度相對於該組成物總重量是在含0.5及1.0%之間。
在本發明之替代具體例中,將三甲基丙烯酸酯添加至該組成物以作為交聯劑,其量相對於該組成物總重量係在0.5及5%之間。
再者,可有利地使用抑制劑及/或惰性有機填料作為另外且隨意的添加劑。例如,抑制劑可以選自氫醌、氫醌單甲基醚、丁基化之羥基甲苯,其濃度相對於該聚合型組成物之總重量係在含50及1500 ppm之間。在不改良最終吸收用複合材料之光學性質之情況中待使用之有用的有機填料是對該先質組成物具有親和性之球形粒子。例如,可以使用平均粒子尺寸低於10微米之聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-共-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)以增加該先質溶液之黏度,其量相對於本發明目的之該聚合型組成物總重量係低於10重量/重量%。這些有機填料也可以如同光擴散劑一般用於該最終層。
在第二方面,本發明包含一種製造水分吸收劑材料的方法,其係藉由聚合包含乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作為液態成分及溶於其中之金屬過氯酸鹽之透明水分吸收用之以丙烯酸系為底質之組成物,該組成物特徵在於其另外包含聚合起始劑且特徵在於相對於該組成物之總重量,該乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯之量是在含60及90重量%之間,該金屬過氯酸鹽之量是在1及40重量%之間,且該聚合起始劑之量是在0.1及2.0重量%之間。該聚合處理可包含光引發或熱引發之固化方法。例如,可以利用UV固化處理15秒或在70℃下熱固化10分鐘獲得基質之聚合作用。這些聚合方法使該裝置之敏感結構對UV光之曝露最小化且導致完全的聚合作用。換言之,不同於先前技藝,彼不需後固化處理。用於本發明之目的的組成物的典型聚合條件包含在在365奈米下以100mW/平方公分至500mW/平方公分曝露15秒至240秒之時間,而以最小之100mW/平方公分曝露15秒。這是重要方面,因為彼使該組成物能用於製造放射裝置之底部及上部。
該方法是有利的,當用於大量製造水分敏感的電子或光電子裝置,該等大量製造相對於待作為在該裝置結構中所設置或插入之水分吸收劑材料的先質的組成物的原位聚合方法,需要使揮發性分子釋出及/或收縮最小化。
事實上,本發明包含使用具有相對於該先前技藝所轉換之相對量的成分的組成物,但在其應用於基於半導體之裝置時不導致任何可能預期的缺點。習知使用類似組成物於某些能量貯存裝置(例如鋰電池)以作為電解質,因為其導電性,如描述於例如2010年8月26日在Polymers,vol.2 pagg. 265-285所刊載之“Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers,Determination of their Reactivity Ratios,and a Study of Dopant and Temperature Effects on their Conductivities”by Ramelow et al.,或在2009年2月12日在the Journal of Applied Polymer Science,vol. 112,pagg. 1916-1926所刊載之“Electrical Conductivities of Photochemically Prepared Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacryate,Reacted with Iodine and Lithium Perchlorate Dopants and Activation Energy Determination for Polymer-Dopant Interaction”by Rmerlow et al。因此令人意外地可以見到與半導體結構的相容性。最受益於本發明之方法的應用的敏感性裝置是光伏打電池、OLED顯示器、微電子機械裝置及鋰電池。
通常,當需要使在該裝置之正常操作期間在該敏感性裝置內部之H2O濃度必須不超過臨界值時,本發明之方法提供優點。此臨界值係與敏感性裝置種類有關且其中需要極低水濃度者是OLEDs(其典型需要在10ppm或更低程度的濃度),但極端相反的是太陽能電池,其在引起不可逆之變差現象之前可耐受達5000ppm。
在第三方面,本發明包含一種含有水分吸收劑沉積物的敏感性裝置,該水分吸收劑沉積物係藉由聚合包含乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作為液態成分及溶於其中之金屬過氯酸鹽的水分吸收用之以丙烯酸系為底質的組成物獲得,該組成物特徵在於另外包含聚合起始劑且特徵在於該乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯相對量係在含60及90之間,但該金屬過氯酸鹽是在1及40之間,且該聚合起始劑是在0.1及2之間,所有組成物成份之含量係以相對於該組成物之總重量的重量%表示。
在本發明之可能具體例之一中,該敏感性裝置含有該吸收劑材料於其內壁或基底之局部區域中。
在一替代的具體例中,將該吸收劑材料插入該裝置中以作為透明填料,亦即作為其內部空置體積中之填充材料。
光伏打電池、OLED顯示器、微電子機械裝置及鋰電池是得利於本發明目的之組成物之使用的候選的敏感性裝置的可能實例。
實例1
依本發明之吸收劑膜係藉由溶解吸溼性鹽於多乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯溶液製造。藉由混合5.32克多乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯與0.05克三甲基醇丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯及0.03克二官能-α-酮製備。然後,將0.6克之量的過氯酸鎂溶於所製備之溶液。利用在此領域中已知為刮刀之技術散佈該溶液在玻璃基底上成20微米厚度,然後一包膠片在真空下(所採用之真空是在10-2-10-3毫巴之範圍內)與該基底並排,利用空氣壓力使其接觸且加壓。所有方法係在手套盒中在惰性氣流下進行,以不損及該吸溼性無機鹽的吸收容量。在加壓時,該聚合方法係藉由使用具有100mW/平方公分之照射度而集中在365奈米的UV燈15秒(1.5焦耳/平方公分照射劑量)而進行。在該方法結束時,該樣品具有大於90%之光透射比,卻證實無未溶解之粒子鹽,具有0.19重量%之重量損失及在20奈米程度之表面粗糙度。
實例2(比較用)
聚合型複合吸收劑膜係藉由使用甲基丙烯酸酯單體做為先質組成物製造(亦即非依本發明)。將0.4克無機鹽溶於5.0克甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)及0.05克之苯偶因甲基醚中。利用刮刀散佈該溶液在玻璃基底上成為20微米厚度,然後一包膠片在真空下與該基底並排,利用空氣壓力使其接觸且加壓。在加壓時,該聚合方法係藉由使用具有100mW/平方公分之照射度及放射波長250-400奈米的UV燈30秒(3.0焦耳/平方公分之照射劑量)而進行。在該方法結束時,該樣品具有大於90%之光透射比,卻證實無未溶解之粒子鹽,但具有高於70重量%之重量損失及數微米之表面粗糙度。
實例3(比較用)
藉由不在本發明之條件下操作,製造聚合型複合吸收劑膜,亦即使用1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、具有高張力蒸氣壓之甲基丙烯酸酯單體、BDDM,0.1克之該無機鹽在攪拌下分散於5.0克1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(BDDM)及0.05克苯偶因甲基醚中。利用刮刀散佈該溶液在玻璃基底上成為20微米厚度,然後一包膠片在真空下與該基底並排,利用空氣壓力使其接觸且加壓。在加壓時,該聚合方法係藉由使用具有100mW/平方公分之照射度及放射波長250-400奈米的UV燈30秒(3.0焦耳/平方公分之照射劑量)而進行。在該方法結束時,該樣品具有低於50%之光透射比且證實有未溶解之粒子鹽。

Claims (17)

  1. 一種包含乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯及金屬過氯酸鹽之水分吸收用組成物,其特徵在於該組成物另外包含聚合起始劑,且特徵在於相對於該組成物之總重量,該乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯之量是在含60及90重量%之間,該金屬過氯酸鹽之量是在1及40重量%之間,且該聚合起始劑之量是在0.1及2.0重量%之間。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯係在以下群中選擇:二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、多乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、及其混合物。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之水分吸收用組成物,其中多乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯具有在含330及780gr*mol-1之間的分子量。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該金屬過氯酸鹽係選自鹼金屬過氯酸鹽或鹼土金屬過氯酸鹽。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該鹼土金屬過氯酸鹽是過氯酸鎂。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該聚合起始劑是光起始劑或熱起始劑。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該光起始劑是雙官能之α-酮,其濃度相對於該組成物之總重量係在01及2.0重量%之間。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第6項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該熱起始劑是2,2’-偶氮雙異丁腈,其濃度相對於該組成物之總重量係在0.5及1.0重量%之間。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該組成物另外含有交聯劑,其量相對於該組成物之總重量係在含0.5及5重量%之間。
  10. 如申請鏈範圍第9項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該交聯劑是三甲基丙烯酸酯。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該組成物另外含有抑制劑,其量相對於該組成物之總重量係在50及1500ppm之間。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該抑制劑係在以下群中選擇:氫醌、氫醌單甲基醚、丁基化之羥基甲苯。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該組成物另外含有對該先質組成物具有化學親和性之有機填料。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第13項之水分吸收用組成物,其中該有機填料是聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-共-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)。
  15. 一種製造水分吸收劑材料的方法,其包括聚合如申請專利範圍第1項之水分吸收用組成物。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項之製造水分吸收劑材料的方法,其中該聚合是光引發之固化方法。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第15項之製造水分吸收劑材料的方法,其中該聚合是熱引發之固化方法。
TW100134135A 2010-10-08 2011-09-22 用於透明複合吸收劑材料中之可分配之聚合型先質組成物 TWI519344B (zh)

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