TWI504510B - 複合材料及其製作方法 - Google Patents

複合材料及其製作方法 Download PDF

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TWI504510B
TWI504510B TW102142503A TW102142503A TWI504510B TW I504510 B TWI504510 B TW I504510B TW 102142503 A TW102142503 A TW 102142503A TW 102142503 A TW102142503 A TW 102142503A TW I504510 B TWI504510 B TW I504510B
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layer
composite material
resin
holes
core layer
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TW201425039A (zh
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Jung Chin Wu
Po An Lin
Han Ching Huang
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Compal Electronics Inc
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    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
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    • B29C70/34Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/18Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
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    • B32B37/185Laminating sheets, panels or inserts between two discrete plastic layers
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    • G06F1/1656Details related to functional adaptations of the enclosure, e.g. to provide protection against EMI, shock, water, or to host detachable peripherals like a mouse or removable expansions units like PCMCIA cards, or to provide access to internal components for maintenance or to removable storage supports like CDs or DVDs, or to mechanically mount accessories
    • GPHYSICS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description

複合材料及其製作方法
本發明是有關於一種複合材料,且特別是有關於一種適用於筆記型電腦之機殼的複合材料及其製作方法。
由於其儲存和計算大量資料的特殊能力,電腦已經是人類生活中不可缺少的重要產品。隨著技術的進展,電腦的功能和速度也不斷加强,而從早期體積龐大的大型機械,發展到桌上型電腦和筆記型電腦。
筆記型電腦的兩個重點要求在於體積的減少和重量的減輕。除了電腦中的微電子元件會朝此方向研發之外,對電腦機殼材料的選擇也必須根據這點加以考量。傳統的筆記型電腦一貫採用塑膠機殼,儘管價格低廉,但在為了減少體積和重量而薄型化後,強度明顯不足。為此,發展出數種設計,例如在塑膠機殼中加入肋條(ribbons)以強化其強度,或是採用玻璃纖維、碳纖維或複合材料等較新穎的材料來製作機殼。然而,對於複合材料所製的機殼而言,其強度、重量和成本仍有進一步改善的空間。
本發明提供一種複合材料及其製作方法,可藉此提供具有高剛 性和低比重的機殼材料。
本發明的複合材料包括第一表層、第二表層和芯層。第一表層包含第一纖維材料層和含浸於其中的第一樹脂。第二表層包含第二纖維材料層和含浸於其中的第二樹脂。芯層位於第一表層和第二表層之間且具有多個貫穿孔,其中第一樹脂和第二樹脂穿過每一貫穿孔而相互結合,以在每一貫穿孔內形成連接柱。
在本發明的一種實施方式中,芯層的厚度介於0.1mm~1mm之間。
在本發明的一種實施方式中,該些貫穿孔的孔徑大致相同,且該些貫穿孔在該芯層中以六方最密堆積的形式規則排列。
在本發明的一種實施方式中,每一貫穿孔的孔徑均大於芯層的厚度。
在本發明的一種實施方式中,該些貫穿孔的間距大於每一貫穿孔的孔徑。
在本發明的一種實施方式中,芯層的材料包括熱塑性樹脂。
在本發明的一種實施方式中,芯層的材料包括聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚乙烯(PE)、丙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯樹脂(ABS)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚醯胺(PA)、金屬、人造纖維或天然纖維。
在本發明的一種實施方式中,第一纖維材料層和第二纖維材料層的材料分別包括碳纖維、玻璃纖維、人造纖維或天然纖維。
本發明的複合材料的製作方法包括以下步驟。首先,提供芯層,其具有彼此相對的第一表面和第二表面以及自第一表面延伸至第二表 面的多個貫穿孔。接著,將第一表層鋪設在第一表面,第一表層包含第一纖維材料層和含浸於其中的第一樹脂材料;並將第二表層鋪設在第二表面,第二表層包含第二纖維材料層和含浸於其中的第二樹脂材料。接著,熱壓第一表層、芯層和第二表層,使第一樹脂材料及第二樹脂材料的一部分填充至該些貫穿孔內,相互結合,在每一貫穿孔內形成一個連接柱。
在本發明的一種實施方式中,第一樹脂材料和第二樹脂材料的黏度分別介於6000cps~70000cps之間。
基於上述,本發明提供一種複合材料和其製作方法。此複合材料適用於製作筆記型電腦的機殼,可減輕其重量同時提升其機械性質。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例作詳細說明如下。
100‧‧‧複合材料
102‧‧‧第一表層
103‧‧‧第一纖維材料層
104‧‧‧第一樹脂
105‧‧‧第二表層
106‧‧‧第二纖維材料層
107‧‧‧第二樹脂
108‧‧‧芯層
108A‧‧‧第一表面
108B‧‧‧第二表面
109‧‧‧貫穿孔
110‧‧‧連接柱
P‧‧‧間距
S‧‧‧承載台
T‧‧‧厚度
φ‧‧‧孔徑
圖1是依照本發明的第一實施方式繪示的製作複合材料的示意圖。
圖2是依照本發明的第二實施方式繪示的複合材料的剖面圖。
圖3是撓曲測試(deflection test)的示意圖。
圖4呈現撓曲實驗1的測試結果。
圖5呈現曲實驗2的測試結果。
圖6呈現聚碳酸酯(PC)和聚碳酸酯與回收樹脂(recycle resin)的混合物的機械性質的比較圖。
在本文中,由「一數值至另一數值」表示的範圍,是一種避免 在說明書中一一列舉該範圍中的所有數值的概要性表示方式。因此,記載了某一特定數值範圍,等同於揭露了該數值範圍內的任意數值以及由該數值範圍內的任意數值界定出的較小數值範圍,如同在說明書中明文寫出該任意數值和該較小數值範圍一樣。例如,記載「尺寸為10mm~100mm」的範圍,就等同於揭露了「尺寸為20mm~50mm」的範圍,無論說明書中是否列舉其他數值。
本發明的第一實施方式是有關於一種複合材料的製作方法。圖1繪示了複合材料之製作的示意圖,簡言之,複合材料的製作就是將第一表層102、第二表層105和芯層108結合起來的過程。
請參照圖1,本實施方式中,複合材料的製作方法包括以下步驟。首先,提供芯層108,其具有彼此相對的第一表面108A和第二表面108B以及自第一表面108A延伸至第二表面108B的多個貫穿孔109。貫穿孔109例如是以沖(打)孔(punching)方式形成。就便於製作複合材料的角度而言,貫穿孔109的孔徑和芯層108的厚度較佳應符合特定關係,這點將在下文參照圖2說明之。此處值得注意的是,貫穿孔109的形成有助於降低複合材料整體的重量。此外,在本實施方式中,各個貫穿孔109的孔徑大致相同,且整體可以呈蜂巢(honeycomb)狀的排列,換言之,貫穿孔109在芯層108上以六方最密堆積(hexagonal close-packed)的形式規則地排列,這種排列模式可以在減輕重量的同時維持一定的強度。
芯層108的材料沒有特別的限制,可以是金屬材料也可以是高分子材料,只要其適於加工而貫穿孔109得以形成即可。不過,就減輕複合材料的觀點來看,芯層108的比重應低於第一表層102和第二表層105的比重。舉例來說,其材料可以是聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate,PC)、聚對 苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA)、聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯樹脂(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene,ABS)、聚醯胺(polyamide,PA)、聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)、聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)、金屬、人造纖維(artificial fiber)或天然纖維(natural fiber)。此外,如果芯層108的材料是熱塑性樹脂,則對於此複合材料的回收再利用來說,可能是比較有利的。因為熱固性樹脂的回收往往還涉及了添加化學試劑等其他步驟。
請繼續參照圖1,接著,將第一表層102鋪設在第一表面108A上,並將第二表層105鋪設在第二表面108B上。第一表層102的主體是第一纖維材料層,且第一纖維材料層預先經過含浸處理(impregnation),因此第一表層102也包括含浸於第一纖維材料層中的第一樹脂材料。同樣地,第二表層105包含第二纖維材料層和含浸於其中的第二樹脂材料。
第一纖維材料層和第二纖維材料層的材料沒有特別限制,例如分別可以是碳纖維、玻璃纖維、人造纖維或天然纖維。第一樹脂材料和第二樹脂材料也沒有特別限制。值得注意之處在於,在稍後的熱壓步驟中,第一樹脂材料和第二樹脂材料應該要能流入貫穿孔109中,以便結合第一表層102和第二表層105,就此點而言,第一樹脂材料和第二樹脂材料的黏度較佳是分別介於6000cps~70000cps之間。
接著,熱壓第一表層102、芯層108和第二表層105,使第一樹脂材料及第二樹脂材料的一部分填充至該些貫穿孔109內,相互結合,以在每一貫穿孔109內形成一連接柱(可參照圖2以進一步瞭解此特徵),從而完成複合材料的製作。
本發明的第二實施方式是有關於一種複合材料,其可以得自第 一實施方式所述的製作方法,且其結構的剖面圖如圖2所示。其中,和圖1相同的元件以相同的元件符號表示。
請參照圖2,複合材料100包括第一表層102、第二表層105和芯層108。第一表層102包含第一纖維材料層103和含浸於其中的第一樹脂104。第二表層105包含第二纖維材料層106和含浸於其中的第二樹脂107。芯層108位於第一表層102和第二表層105之間,且具有多個貫穿孔109,其中第一樹脂104和第二樹脂107穿過每一貫穿孔109而相互結合,在每一貫穿孔109內形成連接柱110。
第一表層102、第一纖維材料層103、第二表層105、第二纖維材料層106和芯層108的材料都可以和第一實施方式中所述的相同,至於第一樹脂104和第二樹脂107,則可以是第一實施方式中的第一樹脂材料和第二樹脂材料在熱壓以後形成的材料。
芯層108的厚度T可以介於0.1mm~1mm之間。值得注意之處是,如果複合結構100是以第一實施方式中所述的方法製作的,那麼,為了讓樹脂材料順利的流入貫穿孔109中,厚度T、貫穿孔109的孔徑φ和貫穿孔109的間距P較佳要經過特別設計,其中間距P是指兩相鄰的貫穿孔109的中心軸的最短距離,如圖2所示。發明人發現,在間距P大於孔徑φ且孔徑φ大於厚度T時,樹脂的填入效果較佳;在厚度T、孔徑φ和間距P存在以下關係時,樹脂填入的效果最佳:φ≧T且P≧1.05φ。
〈實驗〉
為了證實前述實施方式的效果,發明人進一步進行以下的測試實驗。雖然描述了以下實驗,但是在不逾越本發明範疇之情況下,可適當地改變所用材料、其量及比率、處理細節以及處理流程等等。因此,不應 根據下文所述的實驗對本發明作出限制性的解釋。
圖3繪示的是撓曲實驗(deflection test)的樣品和測試裝置的示意圖。厚度為t,面積為220mm×220mm的試片置放在承載台(support)S上,其中心處被施予一載重(load)。紀錄試片在固定載重下的撓曲深度或能夠承受的最大載重值,以評估試片的機械性質。
撓曲實驗1
在此實驗中,實驗例1-1和1-2均為複合材料。實驗例1-1的表層的材料為經樹脂含浸處理的碳纖維布。實驗例1-2的表層的材料為經樹脂含浸處理的碳纖維布。以第一實施方式所記載的前述方法進行熱壓,以結合表層和芯層,並將複合材料置放在承載台S上進行負重實驗。結果示於表1和圖4。至於比較例1,則是單純以碳纖維製成的機殼材料。
從表1和圖4可以看出,實驗例1-1和1-2和比較例1相較,在厚度相同的條件下,重量較輕(下降3.5%)且強度提高(上升36%)。其中,比較例1的碳纖維材料甚至在負重達到16.2kg時就因撓曲深度過大而斷裂。
撓曲實驗2
在此實驗中,實驗例2-1和2-2均為複合材料。實驗例2-1的表層的材料為經樹脂含浸處理的碳纖維布。實驗例2-2的表層的材料為經樹脂含浸處理的碳纖維布。以第一實施方式所記載的前述方法進行熱壓,結 合表層和芯層,並將複合材料置放在承載台S上進行負重實驗。結果示於表2和圖5。至於比較例2,則是單純以碳纖維製成的機殼材料。
從表2和圖5可以看出,由於厚度加厚的緣故,比較例2的碳纖維材料已經能夠承受20kg的負重。然而實驗例2-1和2-2和比較例2相較,在厚度相同的條件下,重量仍然較輕(下降12%)且強度仍然提高(上升28%)。
實驗例1-2和實驗例2-2都使用熱塑性樹脂作為芯層的材料,因此,就回收再利用而言比較方便,例如,只要將廢料放入高速攪拌機中打碎,就可以和其他樹脂材料混合再利用。圖6顯示聚碳酸酯(PC)和聚碳酸酯與回收樹脂的混合物的機械性質的比較,從圖6可以看出,兩者的機械性質接近,聚碳酸酯與回收樹脂的混合物的機械性質甚至稍微優於聚碳酸酯本身。
綜上所述,本發明提供一種複合材料和其製作方法。此複合材料適用於製作筆記型電腦的機殼,可減輕其重量同時提升其機械性質。就成本和回收便利性兩方面的考量,本發明相較於習知技術亦更為優越。
雖然已以實施例對本發明作說明如上,然而,其並非用以限定本發明。任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍的前提內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾。故本申請案的保護範圍當以後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100‧‧‧複合材料
102‧‧‧第一表層
103‧‧‧第一纖維材料層
104‧‧‧第一樹脂
105‧‧‧第二表層
106‧‧‧第二纖維材料層
107‧‧‧第二樹脂
108‧‧‧芯層
109‧‧‧貫穿孔
110‧‧‧連接柱
P‧‧‧間距
T‧‧‧厚度
φ‧‧‧孔徑

Claims (17)

  1. 一種複合材料,包括:一第一表層,包含一第一纖維材料層和含浸於其中的一第一樹脂;一第二表層,包含一第二纖維材料層和含浸於其中的一第二樹脂;以及一芯層,位於該第一表層和該第二表層之間且具有多個貫穿孔,其中該第一樹脂和該第二樹脂穿過每一貫穿孔而相互結合,以在每一貫穿孔內形成一連接柱。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的複合材料,其中該芯層的厚度介於0.1mm~1mm之間。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的複合材料,其中該些貫穿孔的孔徑大致相同,且該些貫穿孔在該芯層中以六方最密堆積的形式規則排列。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的複合材料,其中每一貫穿孔的孔徑大於該芯層的厚度。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的複合材料,其中該些貫穿孔的間距大於每一貫穿孔的孔徑。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的複合材料,其中該芯層的材料包括熱塑性樹脂。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的複合材料,其中該芯層的材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯、丙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯樹脂、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚醯胺、金屬、人造纖維或天然纖維。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的複合材料,其中該第一纖維材料層和該第二纖維材料層的材料分別包括碳纖維、玻璃纖維、人造纖維或天然 纖維。
  9. 一種複合材料的製作方法,包括:提供一芯層,其具有彼此相對的一第一表面和一第二表面以及自該第一表面延伸至該第二表面的多個貫穿孔;將一第一表層鋪設在該第一表面,該第一表層包含一第一纖維材料層和含浸於其中的一第一樹脂材料;將一第二表層鋪設在該第二表面,該第二表層包含一第二纖維材料層和含浸於其中的一第二樹脂材料;以及熱壓該第一表層、該芯層和該第二表層,使該第一樹脂材料及該第二樹脂材料的一部分填充至該些貫穿孔內,相互結合,而在每一貫穿孔內形成一連接柱。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的複合材料的製作方法,其中該第一樹脂材料和該第二樹脂材料的黏度分別介於6000cps~70000cps之間。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的複合材料的製作方法,其中該芯層的厚度介於0.1mm~1mm。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的複合材料的製作方法,其中該些貫穿孔的孔徑大致相同,且該些貫穿孔在該芯層中以六方最密堆積的形式規則排列。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的複合材料的製作方法,其中每一貫穿孔的孔徑大於該芯層的厚度。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的複合材料的製作方法,其中該些貫穿孔的間距大於每一貫穿孔的孔徑。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的複合材料的製作方法,其中該芯層的材料包括熱塑性樹脂。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的複合材料的製作方法,其中該芯層的材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯、丙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯樹脂、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚醯胺、金屬、人造纖維或天然纖維。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第9項所述的複合材料的製作方法,其中該第一纖維材料層和該第二纖維材料層的材料分別包括碳纖維、玻璃纖維、人造纖維或天然纖維。
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