TWI472573B - 聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體之焦化抑制劑 - Google Patents

聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體之焦化抑制劑 Download PDF

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TWI472573B
TWI472573B TW99138457A TW99138457A TWI472573B TW I472573 B TWI472573 B TW I472573B TW 99138457 A TW99138457 A TW 99138457A TW 99138457 A TW99138457 A TW 99138457A TW I472573 B TWI472573 B TW I472573B
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John M Demassa
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Description

聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體之焦化抑制劑
本發明係關於聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體組合物的液體焦化抑制劑組合物。
對於製造可撓性聚氨基甲酸酯板材型發泡體熟悉之人士已觀察到一種已知為焦化的現象,其係聚合物降解的表徵。視覺上,焦化顯露的形態為聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體圓形體(bun)內部的變黑,可利用顏色(hue)、明度(value)及色度(chroma)定量地描繪其特性。焦化係一種為人熟知的熱氧化降解過程,通常為涉及發泡體中的聚氨基甲酸酯基質、聚醚多元醇、異氰酸酯(MDI或TDI)及添加劑的自由基反應的結果。例如,在較高溫(200℃、392℉),4,4’-二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯系熱塑性聚氨基甲酸酯彈性體會經歷主鏈斷裂。已知熱會造成其他的均勻降解過程,例如氫原子從α碳被抽到醚鍵。產生的自由基和氧合併會產生過氧化氫物質,而進一步造成斷裂及傳播的降解。可預期地,依據聚氧丙烯二醇的多元醇,比起依據聚乙烯二醇的多元醇,由於α碳自由基的安定性不同,較為不安定。因此,焦化降解依循為人相當了解的反應路徑。歷史上,CFC使用在發泡體配方中以移除過度的熱累積及因而消減焦化效應。然而,由於氟氯碳化物(CFC)的減量,及更為最近的,過渡性的氫氟氯碳化物(HCFC)隨水的增加而在發泡體配方中產生補償(至多6pph),焦化持續在產業中受到大的關注。
為了克服焦化或破壞性的自由基反應,會添加抗氧化劑。回顧專利文獻發現,抗氧化劑配方策略呈現多樣性。
Baxter的美國的防衛性的公開號碼No. T968,002,教示混合芳香族胺、氫醌(以下結構1)及亞磷酸鹽以產生一有作用的焦化抑制劑。Preston的美國專利號碼No. 4,010,211揭示單獨使用一有效量的選定的二苯基胺衍生物或進一步組合使用氫醌,而抑制聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體中的焦化。DeMassa的美國專利號碼No. 6,676,849教示第三戊基氫醌與市售的酚醛樹脂的混合物。因此,氫醌及衍生物已使用在多種焦化抑制劑混合物中。
目前的市售可得的習知組合物採用Hinze的美國專利號碼No. 4,275,173及Statton的美國專利號碼No. 4,444,676,但是也有其他混合物與此主題不同。Suhoza的美國專利號碼4,933,374報告一種類似的有效的焦化抑制劑混合物,其由(a)肆[亞甲基(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫肉桂酯)]甲烷及(b)二苯基胺與二異丁烯的反應產物所構成,其中胺與二異丁烯的莫耳比為1:1.1至1:2.5。該安定劑組合物可包含第三增效成分,啡噻,或某些啡噻的烷基衍生物。
吾人現在已發現到包含如以下成分的一種液體混合物作為聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體的焦化抑制劑,驚人地優於上述討論的混合物:
(a)一以上的衍生的酚醛樹脂化合物;
(b)一以上的液體形態的芳香族胺;
(c)一經取代的氫醌;及
(d)選擇性地,啡噻
使用一種標準的聚氨基甲酸酯配方(表A)以測試代表性的焦化抑制劑混合物。其他已知的發泡體配方也可以使用:
本發明的焦化抑制劑的一具體例,為一多成分的液體系統,包含(重量%):
(1) 約60-80重量%的一酚醛樹脂化合物或混合物。可接受的衍生的酚醛樹脂的例子,包括:肆[亞甲基(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫肉桂酯)]甲烷、異辛基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯、異十三基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯及2,6-二第三丁基-4-壬基苯酚,或1,2-雙(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫肉桂醯基)聯胺,或2,2’-硫二伸乙基雙[3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯;異辛基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯;及肆[亞甲基3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷。其他的衍生的酚醛樹脂的例子,包括:在4位以脂肪族、芳香族或脂肪族-芳香族部分取代的(2,6-二第三丁基)苯酚,又,可選擇性地包含雜原子例如O、N、S及P的組合。
於本發明的較佳具體例,該酚醛樹脂成分係以如下的一種以上的組合存在:(i)肆[亞甲基(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫肉桂酯)]甲烷(“酚醛樹脂1”);(ii)異辛基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯(“酚醛樹脂2”);及(iii)異十三基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯(“酚醛樹脂3”)。
(2)含量約15-35%的一芳香族胺,即二烷基二苯基胺,或此等芳香族胺的混合物,以形成一液體狀(例如二異丁烯與二苯基胺的反應產物,CAS Reg. No. 68411-46-1)(“DPA”)。其他芳香族胺包括:4,4’-雙(.α.,α.-二甲基苄基)二苯基胺(“DPA2”)等。
(3)約4-8%的一經烷基取代的氫醌,例如2,5-二第三戊基氫醌(“DTAHQ”)或二第三丁基氫醌(“DTBHQ”),其中最有效的烷基為第三丁基(C4)或異戊基(C5)。
(4)選擇性地,0至1%,較佳為約0.7%的啡噻(PTZ)。
該焦化抑制劑在該發泡體配方中,可依據多元醇每100份,存在約0.10至0.75份的範圍,較佳為約0.30至0.60份,更佳為約0.35至0.50份。
數據的定量處理
使用Technidyne公司製Brightimeter Micro S4-M來定量發泡體樣本中的彩色的發展。將來自Hunter L.a.b.量值的L.a.b.值指定給各變數(亮度(L),a,b)一對應的維度(x,y,z),並創造一彩色空間。由樣本得到的L.a.b讀值,代表由對象發泡體的最亮的未焦化區偏離的彩色偏差。實務上,會先由對照組獲取L.a.b讀值[(L1 ,a1 ,b1 )或(L,a,b)1 ],然後與對象樣本[(L2 ,a2 ,b2 )或(L,a,b)2 ]比較。然後報告一⊿E值。
(L,a,b)1 代表由任一標準或對照組獲得的值,而(L,a,b)2 代表特別針對一選定的樣本的值。複合值⊿E,定量地表示彩色由對照組的偏離。(也許有人會識別到⊿E為3度空間的距離公式。因此,在3度空間的任意兩點的距離係使用此公式測量)。重要的是,⊿E值僅為距離對照組的絕對距離,在吾人的案例中代表由對象發泡體的未焦化區的最白的部分的變色。因為發泡體的製造高度依賴每日在⊿E值的環境因子的變化。為了將報告值常態化,吾人規律地在同一天製作對照組(例如,K)作為測試發泡體。然後將測試發泡體的⊿E值除以該對照組⊿E並報告。此比值有助於粗略地知道針對特定測試日中,相對於對照組的彩色變化。當適當時,吾人會未經此常態化程序而報告比較性的⊿E值。
額外的評估
本專利揭示的配方,會經過微波焦化測試。獲得的發泡體小圓形體(bun),在反應後冷卻並切開供視覺檢查。吾人比較在同一天製作的各配方與對照組(包含習知的焦化抑制劑)。除了焦化測試以外,吾人也發現當發泡體暴露在煙燻室中NOx處理及周圍的螢光時,比起對照組,本發明的配方表現良好。吾人也發現:該新的配方比起習知的混合物顯現較低的揮發性,此性質對於使用在汽車內裝的聚氨基甲酸酯而言,為重要的性能參數。吾人以下將敘述的發明的獨特的液體配方,比起習知的混合物在焦化保護上較佳,且在各種壓力測試中,發泡體變色較少。
將本發明的具體例的例示混合物(實施例1-10)(表1),與競爭的混合物(實施例C13-C17)(表2)比較。
在5000ppm(或0.5pph),該發明的混合物比起比較實施例C13(依照前述Suhoza專利的教示製備);比較實施例C15及C16(依照前述Preston專利的教示製備的2種配方變體);及比較實施例C14(依照前述Hinze及Statton專利的教示製備),更能抑制焦化。
重要的是,比較實施例C15及C16均為固體混合物,其提供可能的比較參考,但欠缺本發明的組合物提供的所望的液體屬性。實施例C17,即便不存在二烷基二苯基胺,仍顯示最低限度的可接受的焦化抑制作用。然而,為了達到該結果所需要的酚醛樹脂的範圍(94.7%)遠落於本發明的範疇外)。通常,由一烷基-HQ衍生物、二烷基-二苯基胺、酚醛樹脂混合物,及PTZ組成的最適組合物,係在0.5-0.7的範圍。
吾人已評估氫醌的結構變化的效果。除了較佳的2,5-二第三戊基氫醌(DTAHQ),也比較:氫醌(HQ)(實施例12);二第三丁基氫醌(DTBHQ)(實施例10);及二氯二羥基蒽醌(DCDAQ)(實施例12)。氫醌環上的烷基取代(DTAHQ、DCBHQ)(實施例1-9;實施例10)比起未取代(HQ)(實施例11)或對照組,明顯地改善了焦化表現。此外,發現氯化取代(DCDAQ)(實施例12),雖然提供可接受的⊿E值比較值,但是變色的結果無法令人接受。
總之,僅僅依據發明的三成分系統,在特定範圍內,製造焦化抑制組合物,便能提供驚人的有效的焦化抑制,而沒有上述缺點。
*對照組實施例K也包含9%稀釋油Uninap 100SD及0.68%三異癸基亞磷酸鹽
原料索引
DTAHQ 2,5-二第三戊基氫醌
HQ 氫醌
DTBHQ 二第三丁基氫醌
DCDAQ 二氯二羥基蒽醌
DPA 二異丁烯與二苯基胺,CAS Reg. No. 68411-46-1,或烷基化二苯基胺與有機磷化合物(NJTSR No. 01023400-5083P)與二苯基胺的混合物
DPA2 苯乙烯與2,4,4-三甲基戊烯與二苯基胺,得到4,4’-雙(.α.,.α.-二甲基苄基)二苯基胺與其他烷基化及苯乙烯化的衍生物的混合物(SL):CAS 68921-45-9
酚醛樹脂1:肆[亞甲基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷
酚醛樹脂2:異辛基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯
酚醛樹脂3:異十三基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯
PTZ:啡噻

Claims (6)

  1. 一種聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體組合物,在該聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體組合物中,針對多元醇每100份,包含一聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體之液體焦化抑制劑組合物約0.3至0.6份,該聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體之液體焦化抑制劑組合物,包含:(a)含量約60至80重量%的一以上的衍生的酚醛樹脂化合物;(b)含量約15至35重量%的一以上的液體形式的芳香族胺;(c)含量約4至8重量%的經烷基取代的氫醌,其中該經烷基取代的氫醌選自2,5-二第三戊基氫醌及二第三丁基氫醌;及(d)含量約0至1.0重量%的啡噻
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體組合物,其中該衍生的酚醛樹脂化合物選自於由以下構成之群組:肆[亞甲基(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫肉桂酯)]甲烷;異辛基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯;異十三基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯;十八基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯;2,6-二第三丁基-4-壬基苯酚;1,2-雙(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫肉桂醯基)聯胺;2,2’-硫二伸乙基雙[3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯;在4位以脂肪族、芳香族或脂肪族-芳香族部分取代的(2,6-二第三丁基)苯酚,選擇性地包含雜原子例如O、N、S及P的組合;及其混合物。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體組 合物,其中該衍生的酚醛樹脂化合物包含如下成分的一種以上的組合:(i)肆[亞甲基(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫肉桂酯)]甲烷;(ii)異辛基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯;及(iii)異十三基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體組合物,其中該芳香族胺為(a)二異丁烯與二苯基胺的反應產物(CAS Reg.No.68411-46-1),與4,4’-雙(.α.,α.-二甲基苄基)二苯基胺其中之一或兩者。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體組合物,其中該經烷基取代的氫醌為2,5-二第三戊基氫醌。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體組合物,其中存在:(a)肆[亞甲基(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基氫肉桂酯)]甲烷;異辛基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯;及異十三基-3-(3,5-二第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯當中一種以上;(b)二異丁烯與二苯基胺的反應產物;(c)2,5-二第三戊基氫醌;及(d)啡噻
TW99138457A 2010-03-18 2010-11-09 聚氨基甲酸酯發泡體之焦化抑制劑 TWI472573B (zh)

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