TWI468530B - 冷軋鋼板、鍍敷鋼板、及其等之製造方法 - Google Patents
冷軋鋼板、鍍敷鋼板、及其等之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI468530B TWI468530B TW102104404A TW102104404A TWI468530B TW I468530 B TWI468530 B TW I468530B TW 102104404 A TW102104404 A TW 102104404A TW 102104404 A TW102104404 A TW 102104404A TW I468530 B TWI468530 B TW I468530B
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- Prior art keywords
- less
- steel sheet
- iron
- temperature
- area ratio
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 247
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 124
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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Description
本發明係有關於適用於汽車鋼板用途,特別是,構造構件(例如,支架)之延性及延伸凸緣性優異的高強度冷軋鋼板、鍍敷鋼板、及其等之製造方法。
本申請案係依據2012年2月13日,於日本申請之特願2012-028271號主張優先權,並於此引用其內容。
近年來,汽車製造商為對應於2012年之歐洲的CO2
排放規制強化、2015年之日本燃料費規制強化、及歐洲之衝撞規制強化等,以因車體輕量化的燃料費提升及提升衝撞安全性為目的,正急速地進行使用鋼材之高強度化。如此之高強度鋼板係稱作「高抗拉強度鋼」,主要係抗拉強度440~590MPa,且最近大於590MPa之薄鋼板的訂貨量有逐年增加的傾向。其中,由該加工方法之觀點來看,要求支架等構造構件具優異之延性及延伸凸緣性。一般而言,於抗拉強度與全伸長之積係17000MPa.%以上時,視為延性優異,抗拉強度係590MPa級時擴孔率為80%以上時,視為延
伸凸緣性優異。
一般而言,抗拉強度增加時,因降伏強度亦增加,延性下降,且延伸凸緣成形性受損。以往,於含有肥粒鐵與麻田散鐵2相之Dual Phase(DP:雙相)鋼中,延性雖優異,但容易產生於軟質相之肥粒鐵與硬質相之麻田散鐵的界面附近因局部之應變集中造成微裂痕之產生及進展,故可知成為擴孔性不佳的微觀組織形態。因此,可知微觀組織間之硬度差越小越可提升擴孔性,具有如肥粒鐵或變韌鐵單相鋼之均一組織的鋼板係為佳。由前述觀點來看,為兼具延性與擴孔性,配合欲得之抗拉強度控制構成相分率係為重要。
迄今,兼具延性與延伸凸緣性之高強度鋼板,有人提出了積極地活用析出強化的鋼板(參照例如,專利文獻1及2)。
然而,於專利文獻1中提出之冷軋鋼板因幾乎於肥粒鐵單相域下退火,幾未能活用因變韌鐵產生的組織強化,為求高強度化而積極地活用析出強化,故需添加大量之Ti及其他析出元素。不僅合金成本增加,因Ti或Nb等析出元素係抑制再結晶之元素,大量地添加該等元素時,因退火中的再結晶顯著地變慢,故為使未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率為25%以下,退火步驟中的升溫速度係極為緩慢。又,推測需極度延長最高加熱溫度之滯留時間,生產性受損。又,於專利文獻2中所提出之冷軋鋼板,因與專利文獻1同樣地積極地活用析出強化,故需添加大量之Ti及其他析出元
素。不僅合金成本增加,大量地添加該等元素時,因退火中的再結晶顯著地變慢,故為使未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率為25%以下,係極度提高退火步驟之最高加熱溫度。又,最高加熱溫度為Ac1
變態溫度之上時,係升溫速度係極為緩慢。又,推測需極度延長最高加熱溫度之滯留時間,生產性受損。
又,有人提出了一種藉由積極地活用未再結晶肥粒鐵,降低肥粒鐵與硬質相之硬度差,以提升延伸凸緣性的鋼板(參照例如,專利文獻3~5)。
然而,為積極地活用未再結晶肥粒鐵,因需大量地添加Nb或Ti等抑制再結晶之元素,故不僅合金成本增加,亦需加快退火步驟之升溫速度,需投資設備。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2010-285656號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開2010-285657號公報
專利文獻3:日本專利特開2008-106352號公報
專利文獻4:日本專利特開2008-190032號公報
專利文獻5:日本專利特開2009-114523號公報
本發明之課題係穩定且無損生產性地提供延性及延伸凸緣性優異之高強度冷軋鋼板、鍍敷鋼板。
本發明係藉由進行為解決提升抗拉強度590MPa以上之高強度冷軋鋼板、熔融鍍鋅鋼板及合金化熔融鍍鋅鋼板的延性及延伸凸緣性之課題的檢討所得的觀察所得知識。換言之,藉由積極地添加合金元素量,特別是Si,將Nb與Ti之添加量最適化,適當化微觀組織,且控制退火步驟之最高加熱溫度於Ac1
[℃]~(Ac1
+40)[℃]的溫度範圍,規定退火後之1次冷卻的終點溫度或冷卻速度。藉此,一面活用變韌鐵並控制包含Nb及Ti之一者或兩者的碳氮化物之圓等效直徑為細微,可得用以適當地控制未再結晶肥粒鐵量之充分抑制再結晶之效果,係依據可製造具有較以往優異之延性及延伸凸緣性的鋼板之觀察所得知識而作成者,其要旨係如以下所述。
(1)本發明之第一態樣的冷軋鋼板,以質量%計,係含有C:0.020%以上且0.080%以下、Si:0.20%以上且1.00%以下、Mn:0.80%以上且2.30%以下、P:0.0050%以上且0.1500%以下、S:0.0020%以上且0.0150%以下、Al:0.010%以上且0.100%以下、及N:0.0010%以上且0.0100%以下,並且,以滿足0.005%≦Nb+Ti<0.030%的條件含有Nb及Ti中之至少1元素,並且剩餘部分係由鐵及不可避免的不純物所構成;金屬組織係由肥粒鐵、變韌鐵及其他相所構成,前述其他相包含波來鐵、殘留沃斯田鐵及麻田散鐵,前述肥粒鐵之面積率係80%~小於95%,未再結晶肥粒鐵佔前述肥粒鐵的面積率係1%~小於10%,前述變韌鐵之面積率
係5%~20%,前述其他相之分率的合計小於8%,包含Nb、Ti之一者或兩者元素的碳氮化物之圓等效直徑係1nm以上且10nm以下,抗拉強度係590MPa以上。
(2)如前述(1)之冷軋鋼板,其以質量%計,更亦可含有下述元素1種或2種以上:Mo:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、W:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、V:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、B:0.0005%以上且0.0100%以下、Ni:0.05%以上且1.50%以下、Cu:0.05%以上且1.50%以下、Cr:0.05%以上且1.50%以下。
(3)本發明之第二態樣的鍍敷鋼板,係亦可於前述(1)或(2)之冷軋鋼板表面設置鍍敷。
(4)本發明之第三態樣的冷軋鋼板之製造方法,具有下述步驟:將具有前述(1)或(2)之化學成分的鋼片加熱至1150℃以上且1280℃以下,以Ar3
℃以上且1050℃以下之溫度結束最後軋延,將經450℃以上且650℃以下之溫度域捲取的熱軋鋼板於酸洗後,且以40%以上且70%以下之軋縮率進行冷軋延後,以2℃/秒以上且5℃/秒以下的速度升溫至Ac1
℃以上且(Ac1
+40)℃以下之溫度範圍內,將前述冷軋鋼板之溫度為Ac1
℃以上且(Ac1
+40)℃以下的溫度範圍內之滯留時間設為10秒以上且200秒以下來退火,且於前述退火後至常溫的過程中,亦可包含於前述退火後立刻以10℃/秒以下之冷卻速度進行1次冷卻至600℃以上且720℃以下之鋼板溫度範圍內的過程。此處,Ar3
℃及Ac1
℃係由以下1式及2式求出之Ar3
變態溫度及Ac1
變態溫度。
Ar3
=910-325×[C]+33×[Si]+287×[P]+40×[Al]-92×([Mn]+[Mo]+[Cu])-46×([Cr]+[Ni])...(1式)
Ac1
=723+212×[C]-10.7×[Mn]+29.1×[Si]...(2式)
惟,附有[]之元素係表示各個元素以質量%計的含量。
(5)本發明之第四態樣的鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,亦可將藉由前述(4)之方法所製造的冷軋鋼板漁退火後,進行冷卻,接著施行鍍敷。
(6)如前述(5)之鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,其亦可對前述鍍敷鋼板於450℃以上且600℃以下之溫度範圍進行10秒以上的熱處理。
藉由本發明,可提供抗拉強度590MPa以上,且延性及延伸凸緣性優異之高強度冷軋鋼板、熔融鍍鋅鋼板及合金化熔融鍍鋅鋼板,於產業上之貢獻極為顯著。
圖1係顯示退火之最高加熱溫度,特別是Ac1
變態點以上與未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率之關係的說明圖。
圖2係顯示未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率與擴孔率λ之關係的說明圖。
圖3係顯示退火之最高加熱溫度,特別是Ac1
變態點以上與變韌鐵之面積率之關係的說明圖。
圖4係顯示變韌鐵之面積率與擴孔率λ之關係的說明圖。
圖5係顯示退火之最高加熱溫度,特別是Ac1
變態點以上與碳氮化物之圓等效直徑之關係的說明圖。
圖6係顯示碳氮化物之圓等效直徑與未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率之關係的說明圖。
圖7係顯示其他相之合計與擴孔率λ之關係的說明圖。
以下,詳細地說明本發明。
首先,說明本發明之鋼成分的限定理由。
C係有助於提升抗拉強度及降伏強度之元素,可對應所期之強度規格添加適量。又,亦可有效得到變韌鐵。C量小於0.020%時,因不易得到目標之抗拉強度及降伏強度,故將下限設為0.020%。另一方面,C量大於0.080%時,因導致延性、擴孔性或熔接性的劣化,故將0.080%設為上限。又,為確保抗拉強度與降伏強度穩定,亦可將C之下限設為0.030%或0.040%,亦可將C之上限設為0.070%或0.060%。
Si係本發明中極為重要之元素。藉由固溶強化使肥粒鐵相硬化,降低與硬質相的硬度差,有提升延伸凸緣性之效果。為得該效果,需將Si量設為0.20%以上,故將下限設為0.20%。另一方面,Si有產生施行熔融鍍鋅時之鍍敷濕潤性下降及因合金化反應之延遲造成生產性下降的問題。因此,將Si量之上限設為1.00%。又,Si係肥粒鐵安定化元素,為得適當量之變韌鐵,亦可將Si之下限設為0.30%或0.40%,亦可將Si之上限設為0.90%或0.80%。
Mn有作為有助於固溶強化之元素使強度增加的作用,亦可有效地得到變韌鐵。又,為提升擴孔性,需含
有0.80%以上之Mn。另一方面,Mn量大於2.30%時,因導致擴孔性及熔接性劣化,故將2.30%作為上限。又,為穩定地得到變韌鐵,亦可將Mn之下限設為1.00%、1.20%、或1.80%,亦可將Mn之上限設為2.10%或2.00%。
P係不純物,因於粒界偏析,將導致鋼板之韌性下降或熔接性劣化。此外,熔融鍍鋅時合金化反應將變得極慢,生產性下降。由該等觀點來看,將P量之上限設為0.1500%。因P係可便宜地提高強度之元素,故將P量之下限設為0.0050%以上。又,為更加提升韌性與熔接性,亦可將P之下限設為0.0060%或0.0070%,亦可將P之上限設為0.1000%或0.0850%。
S係不純物,其含量大於0.0150%時,將引發熱破裂、使加工性劣化,故將S量之上限設為0.0150%。因生產成本之限制,將S量之下限設為0.0020%。又,為提升加工性,亦可將S之下限設為0.0025%,亦可將S之上限設為0.0100%或0.0080%。
Al與Si相同,係肥粒鐵安定化元素。又係脫氧元素,由脫氧之觀點來看,將下限設為0.010%以上。又,添加過剩之Al將使熔接性劣化,故將其上限設為0.100%。又,亦可將Al之下限設為0.015%或0.025%,亦可將Al之上限設為0.080%、0.060%、或0.040%。
N係不純物,N量大於0.0100%時,韌性或延性之劣化、鋼片破裂的產生將變得顯著。另,N與C相同,可有效地提升抗拉強度及降伏強度,故積極地添加,將N量之上
限設為0.0100%。又,亦可有效地得到變韌鐵。因生產成本之限制,將N量之下限設為0.0010%。又,亦可將N之下限設為0.0020%或0.0030%,亦可將N之上限設為0.0080%、0.0060%、或0.0050%。
此外,Nb及Ti係本發明中極為重要之元素。該等元素有減緩退火步驟之再結晶的進行,使未再結晶肥粒鐵殘留的效果。未再結晶肥粒鐵因有助於肥粒鐵相之硬化,藉由適當地控制未再結晶肥粒鐵量,降低與硬質相之硬度差,有提升延伸凸緣性的效果。於含有Nb及Ti中之至少1者,以滿足0.005%≦Nb+Ti<0.030%的條件時,將Nb及Ti中之至少1者的上限設為小於0.030%,係因為於添加其以上時,將過剩地殘留未再結晶肥粒鐵,延性下降,將Nb及Ti中之至少1者之下限設為0.005%,係因為小於其時,抑制再結晶之效果少,且不易殘留未再結晶肥粒鐵之故。又,為提升延伸凸緣性向上,亦可將Nb及Ti中之至少1者之下限設為0.010%,亦可將Nb及Ti中之至少1者之上限設為0.025%。
Mo、W、及V均係抑制再結晶之元素,亦可視需要添加1種或2種以上。為得提升強度的效果,以分別添加Mo:0.005%、W:0.005%、V:0.005%作為下限為佳。另一方面,因過剩之添加將導致合金成本增加,故以將分別之上限設為Mo:1.000%、W:1.000%、V:1.000%為佳。
B、Ni、Cu及Cr均係可提高可硬化性之元素,亦可視需要添加1種或2種以上。為得提升強度的效果,以分別添加B:0.0005%、Ni:0.05%、Cu:0.05%、Cr:0.05%作為
下限為佳。另一方面,因過剩之添加將導致合金成本增加,故以將分別之上限設為B:0.0100%、Ni:1.50%、Cu:1.50%、Cr:1.50%為佳。
含有以上化學成分之高強度冷軋鋼板,以鐵作為主成分的剩餘部分亦可於不阻礙本發明特性之範圍,含有於製造過程等不可避免地混入的不純物。
接著,說明製造方法之限定理由。
將具有前述成分組成之鋼片加熱至1150℃以上的溫度。鋼片亦可為經連續鑄造設備製造後的扁鋼胚,亦可為經電爐製造者。規定為1150℃以上之理由係因可使碳氮化物形成元素與碳充分地分解熔解於鋼材中之故。為使析出碳氮化物熔解,以設為1200℃以上為佳。但,加熱溫度大於1280℃時,由生產成本來看係不佳,故將其作為上限。
熱軋延之完成溫度於小於Ar3
變態溫度時,表層的碳氮化物之析出或粒徑之粗大化進行,退火後之抗拉強度及延伸凸緣性下降,故將其作為下限。為穩定地析出10nm以下之碳氮化物之析出物的圓等效直徑,以900℃以上為佳。由扁鋼胚加熱溫度來看,實質上可將1050℃作為完成溫度之上限。
此處,Ar3
℃係由以下1式求出之Ar3
變態溫度。
Ar3
=910-325×[C]+33×[Si]+287×[P]+40×[Al]-92×([Mn]+[Mo]+[Cu])-46×([Cr]+[Ni])...(1式)
但,附有[]之元素係表示各個元素以質量%計的含量。
最後軋延後之捲取溫度於本發明中係極為重要
的製造條件。本發明中,藉將捲取溫度設為650℃以下,以抑制熱軋鋼板之階段中碳氮化物的析出係為重要,由之前的履歷來看,並未損及本發明特性。捲取溫度大於650℃時,熱軋鋼板之碳氮化物的析出及粗大化進行,未能充分地得到退火中之抑制再結晶的效果,故將其作為上限。又,捲取溫度小於450℃時,因熱軋鋼板強度變高,冷軋延時之軋延負載變高,故將其作為下限。
利用通常方法之酸洗後的冷軋延時之軋縮率係設為40~70%。軋縮率小於40%時,因退火時再結晶之驅動力變小,故退火後將過剩地殘留未再結晶肥粒鐵,導致延性下降,故將下限設為40%。又,軋縮率大於70%時,因退火時再結晶之驅動力變大,故退火後未再結晶肥粒鐵量變少,導致抗拉強度及延伸凸緣性下降,故將上限設為70%。
為控制加熱溫度及加熱時間,以藉由連續退火設備進行退火為佳。退火之最高加熱溫度於本發明中係極為重要的製造條件。將最高加熱溫度之下限設為Ac1
變態溫度、上限設為Ac1
變態溫度+40℃。最高加熱溫度小於Ac1
變態溫度時,未能充分地得到硬質相及未再結晶肥粒鐵,導致抗拉強度下降。另一方面,最高加熱溫度大於Ac1
變態溫度+40℃時,如圖1所示,因未再結晶肥粒鐵量減少,故如圖2所示,延伸凸緣性下降。如圖3所示,因變韌鐵增加,故如圖4所示,延伸凸緣性下降。如圖5所示,因導致碳氮化物之粗大化,故如圖6所示,未再結晶肥粒鐵量減少,如圖2所示,因延伸凸緣性下降,故將其作為上限。
此處,Ac1
℃係由以下2式求出之Ac1
變態溫度。
Ac1
=723+212×[C]-10.7×[Mn]+29.1×[Si]...(2式)
但,附有[]之元素係表示各個元素以質量%計的含量。
將退火之升溫速度設為2~5℃/秒。升溫速度小於2℃/秒時,因不僅生產性受損,再結晶未充分地進行,未再結晶肥粒鐵量減少,抗拉強度及延伸凸緣性下降,故將下限設為2℃/秒。又,升溫速度大於5℃/秒時,因過剩地殘留未再結晶肥粒鐵,延性下降,故將上限設為5℃/秒。
退火之最高加熱溫度的滯留時間於本發明中係極為重要之製造條件。將Ac1
變態溫度以上且(Ac1
變態溫度+40)℃以下之溫度範圍的鋼板之滯留時間設為10~200秒。這是因為鋼板之最高加熱溫度的滯留時間小於10秒時,將過剩地殘留未再結晶肥粒鐵,導致延性下降。另一方面,鋼板之最高加熱溫度的滯留時間變長時,因不僅導致生產性下降,未再結晶肥粒鐵量減少,亦導致抗拉強度及延伸凸緣性下降,故將200秒作為上限。
又,退火後以10℃/秒以下的冷卻速度1次冷卻至600~720℃之鋼板溫度範圍後,藉由利用吹附水等冷媒、送風、霧等之強制冷卻,控制冷卻至適當常溫即可,途中可視需要施加過時效或回火。小於600℃時,變韌鐵的組織分率不足,抗拉強度下降,大於720℃時,變韌鐵的組織分率變得過剩,延性下降。又,冷卻速度大於10℃/秒時,肥粒鐵之析出變少,變韌鐵的組織分率變得過剩,故延性下降。並未特別規定冷卻速度之下限,但由生產性或冷卻控制性
來看,以1℃/秒以上為佳。
退火後之冷卻後,施行熔融鍍鋅或合金化熔融鍍鋅時,並未特別限定鍍鋅之組成,亦可視需要添加Zn以外之Fe、Al、Mn、Cr、Mg、Pb、Sn、Ni等。另,鍍敷亦可以與退火分開之步驟進行,但由生產性之觀點來看,以藉由連續進行退火與冷卻、鍍敷的連續退火-熔融鍍鋅生產線進行為佳。於未進行後述合金化處理時,係於鍍敷後將鋼板冷卻至常溫。
於進行合金化處理時,以前述鍍敷後於450~600℃之溫度範圍進行,之後將鋼板冷卻至常溫為佳。這是因為,小於450℃時,未能充分地進行合金化,又,大於600℃時,將過度地進行合金化,鍍敷層脆化,有引發因壓機等加工使鍍敷剝離等問題的情形。合金化處理之時間小於10秒時,因未能充分地進行合金化,故以設為10秒以上為佳。又,並未特別規定合金化處理時間之上限,但由生產效率之觀點來看,以設為100秒以內為佳。
又,由生產性之觀點來看,以於連續退火-熔融鍍鋅生產線連續地設置合金化處理爐,連續地進行退火、冷卻、鍍敷及合金化處理、冷卻為佳。
鍍敷層於實施例中舉例有熔融鍍鋅、合金化熔融鍍鋅,但亦包含電鍍鋅。
表皮輥軋(skin pass rolling)係用以矯正形狀與確保表面性狀而進行,以於伸長率0.2~2.0%之範圍進行為佳。將表皮輥軋之伸長率之下限設為0.2%的理由係因小於
0.2%時,未能充分地改善表面粗度,故將其設為下限。另一方面,進行大於2.0%之表皮輥軋時,因鋼板過於加工硬化,壓機成形性劣化,故將其作為上限。
之後,說明金屬組織。
藉由本發明所得之鋼板的微觀組織主要係由肥粒鐵與變韌鐵所構成。肥粒鐵之面積率小於80%時,因變韌鐵增加,未能得到充分的延性,故將肥粒鐵之面積率的下限設為80%。肥粒鐵之面積率為95%以上時,因有未能確保抗拉強度590MPa以上的情形,故將肥粒鐵之面積率的上限設為小於95%。另,以90%以下為佳。
未再結晶肥粒鐵因有助於肥粒鐵相之硬化,故藉由適當地控制未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率於1%以上且小於10%的範圍,將降低與變韌鐵之硬度差,有提升延伸凸緣性的效果。未再結晶肥粒鐵佔前述肥粒鐵的比例小於1%時,因未能幫助肥粒鐵硬質化,故將未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率的下限設為1%以上。未再結晶肥粒鐵佔前述肥粒鐵的比例為10%以上時,因將導致擴孔率等下降,故將上限設為小於10%。
變韌鐵雖有助於高強度化,但另一方面,過剩地存在時,將導致延性下降,故將下限設為5%、上限設為20%。
又,如圖7所示,其他相有波來鐵、殘留沃斯田鐵及麻田散鐵,該等之分率(面積率或體積率)的合計為8%以上時,因與肥粒鐵之硬度差變大,將導致擴孔率等下降,故將波來鐵、殘留沃斯田鐵及麻田散鐵之分率的合計之上限
設為小於8%。若於本發明之成分範圍內得到本發明之組織,即可達成抗拉強度590MPa以上。並未特別規定抗拉強度上限,但有由本發明肥粒鐵之面積率下限至780MPa左右為上限的情形。
將包含Nb及Ti之一者或兩者的碳氮化物之圓等效直徑作為10nm以下。如圖6所示,前述碳氮化物之平均粒子尺寸對於適當地控制未再結晶肥粒鐵量係極為重要,圓等效直徑大於10nm時,未能得到充分之抑制再結晶之效果,無法得到適當之未再結晶肥粒鐵量,故將上限設為10nm。又,由測定精度之便利性,將下限設為1nm以上。
微觀組織係將平行於軋延方向之板厚截面作為觀察面擷取試料,並研磨、硝太蝕劑蝕刻、視需要里培拉(LePera)蝕刻觀察面,以光學顯微鏡觀察即可。另,微觀組織觀察係對由鋼板之任意位置擷取之試樣,於板厚方向的1/4部分以1000倍拍攝300×300μm之範圍。藉由將利用光學顯微鏡所得之微觀組織照片二元化學轉化白與黑,進行影像解析,可求出波來鐵、變韌鐵或麻田散鐵內任1種或2種以上之面積率的合計量,作為肥粒鐵以外之相的面積率。另,組織分率係藉由對由鋼板之任意位置擷取之試樣,於板厚方向的1/4部分以1000倍拍攝300×300μm之範圍,拍攝視野係3處以上的前述方法測定。於光學顯微鏡中,區別殘留沃斯田鐵與麻田散鐵係為困難,但可藉由X射線繞射法進行殘留沃斯田鐵之體積率的測定。另,殘留沃斯田鐵之組織分率亦可使用前述微觀組織觀察的試樣。又,未再結晶
肥粒鐵與其以外之肥粒鐵,可以KAM法(Kernel Average Misorientation:核心平均錯向)解析EBSP(Electron Backscatter Diffraction Pattern:電子背向散射圖樣)之結晶方位測定資料來判別。未再結晶肥粒鐵之粒內中,雖然差排回復,但存在因冷軋時之塑性變形產生的結晶方位連續的變化。另一方面,未再結晶肥粒鐵以外之肥粒鐵的粒內結晶方位變化極小。以KAM法可定量地顯示與鄰接之測定點的結晶方位差。因此,本發明中於將與鄰接測定點之平均結晶方位差為1°以內,且平均結晶方位差為5°以上的測定點間定義為粒界時,將結晶粒徑大於0.5μm之粒定義為未再結晶肥粒鐵以外的肥粒鐵。換言之,自總肥粒鐵面積率扣除未再結晶肥粒鐵以外的肥粒鐵之面積率的面積率係成為未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率。另,由微觀組織求出之面積率係與體積率相同。
包含Nb及Ti之一者或兩者元素的碳氮化物之平均粒子尺寸的測定方法,可以由鋼板之任意部分的表面自板厚1/4位置作成萃取印模試料,再使用穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)求得作為對象之碳氮化物的平均圓等效直徑而得。另,以10000倍之倍率拍攝10×10μm的範圍,藉由隨機計算100個合金碳化物,求出平均粒子尺寸。不易計算1nm之尺寸,雖不算由大尺寸計算,但隨機地計算100個大者。
於以下顯示各機械特性之試驗方法。由製造後之鋼板將寬度方向(稱作TD方向。)作為長度方向,擷取JIS Z2201之5號抗拉試驗片,並依據JIS Z2241評價TD方向的抗拉特
性。又,延伸凸緣性係依據日本鋼鐵聯盟規格JFST1001評價。將所得之各鋼板截成100mm×100mm後,以板厚之12%作為間隙,衝孔直徑10mm之孔後,使用內徑75mm之模具,於以夾模力88.2kN壓住之狀態下,於孔中壓入60°圓錐的下衝頭,測定裂縫形成極限之孔直徑,由下述(3式)求得極限擴孔率[%],並由該極限擴孔率評價延伸凸緣性。
極限擴孔率λ[%]={(Df
-D0
)/D0
}×100...(3式)
此處,Df
係形成裂縫時之孔徑[mm]、D0
係初期孔徑[mm]。又,鍍敷密著性之評價係依據JIS H0401,以目視評價經以彎曲試驗彎曲之部分的鍍敷皮膜之表面狀態。
將熔製並鑄造具有表1所示之組成的鋼後所得之鋼片,以表2所示之條件進行鋼板的製造。另,表1之[-]係成分之分析值小於檢測極限之意。又,表1中,亦顯示Ar3
[℃]與Ac1
[℃]的計算值。
由製造後之鋼板將寬度方向(稱作TD方向。)作為長手方向,擷取JIS Z2201之5號抗拉試驗片,並依據JIS Z2241評價TD方向的抗拉特性。又,延伸凸緣性係依據日本鋼鐵聯盟規格JFST1001評價。將所得之各鋼板截成100mm×100mm後,以板厚之12%作為間隙,衝孔直徑10mm之孔後,使用內徑75mm之模具,於以夾模力88.2 kN壓住之狀態下,於孔中壓入60°圓錐的下衝頭,測定裂縫形成極限之孔直徑,由下述(3式)求得極限擴孔率[%],並由該極限擴孔率評價延伸凸緣性。
極限擴孔率λ[%]={(Df
-D0
)/D0
}×100...(3式)
此處,Df
係形成裂縫時之孔徑[mm]、D0
係初期孔徑[mm]。又,鍍敷密著性之評價係依據JIS H0401,以目視評價經以彎曲試驗彎曲之部分的鍍敷皮膜之表面狀態。
鋼板之板厚截面的微觀組織觀察係以前述方法觀察,變韌鐵之面積率係作為肥粒鐵及其他相以外之相的合計求出。
於表3顯示結果。另,於本發明中,評價作為延性指標之抗拉強度TS[MPa]與全伸長El[%]之積,即TS×El[MPa.%]為17000[MPa.%]以上者為良好。又,評價作為擴孔性指標之擴孔率λ[%]為75%以上,以80%以上為佳者為良好。又,熔融鍍鋅鋼板、或合金化熔融鍍鋅鋼板時,鍍敷密著性亦成為評價的對象。鍍敷密著性係依據JIS H0401,以目視評價經以彎曲試驗彎曲之部分的鍍敷皮膜之表面狀態。
其結果如表3所示,藉以適當之條件熱軋、冷軋及退火具有本發明化學成分的鋼,可得延性及延伸凸緣性優異之高強度冷軋鋼板、熔融鍍鋅鋼板及合金化熔融鍍鋅鋼板。
另一方面,鋼No.M因C量多,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,鋼No.N因C量少,變韌鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降。
又,鋼No.O因Si量少,擴孔率下降。
又,鋼No.P因Si量多,變韌鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強
度、全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,鍍敷密著性亦下降。
又,鋼No.Q因Mn量少,變韌鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度、全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,鋼No.R因Mn量多,變韌鐵之面積率增加,抗拉強度上升,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,鋼No.S因Al量多,變韌鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,鋼No.T因N量多,變韌鐵之面積率增加,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,鋼No.U因Ti+Nb量少,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度及擴孔率下降。
又,鋼No.V因Ti+Nb量多,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率增加,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,鋼No.W因Nb量少,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度及擴孔率下降。
又,鋼No.X因Ti量多,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率增加,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,鋼No.Y因Nb量多,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率增加,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,製造No.3因熱軋延時之加熱溫度低,碳氮化
物粗大化,退火中的抑制再結晶之效果變小,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度及擴孔率下降。
又,製造No.6因熱軋延時之完成溫度稍低,碳氮化物粗大化,退火中的抑制再結晶之效果變小,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度及擴孔率下降。
又,製造No.9因熱軋延時之完成溫度稍低,碳氮化物粗大化,退火中的抑制再結晶之效果變小,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度及擴孔率下降。
又,製造No.12因熱軋延時之完成溫度低,碳氮化物粗大化,退火中的抑制再結晶之效果變小,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度及擴孔率下降。
又,製造No.15因捲取溫度高,碳氮化物粗大化,退火中的抑制再結晶之效果變小,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度及擴孔率下降。
又,製造No.18因冷軋延率低,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率增加,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,製造No.21因退火時之最高加熱溫度高,碳氮化物粗大化,退火中的抑制再結晶之效果變小,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,因變韌鐵之面積率增加,擴孔率下降。
又,製造No.24因退火時之最高加熱溫度低,變韌鐵之面積率減少,抗拉強度、全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,製造No.25中,退火一次冷卻終點溫度過高,肥粒
鐵之面積率未達預定之值,相對地變韌鐵之面積率變多,擴孔率下降。
又,製造No.28因退火時之最高加熱溫度中的滯留時間短,變韌鐵減少,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率增加,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,製造No.29中,退火一次冷卻終點溫度過低,肥粒鐵之面積率過大,相對地變韌鐵之面積率變得過少,雖滿足擴孔率,但不僅未能達成預定的抗拉強度,抗拉強度與全伸長之均衡差,該等之積亦下降。
又,製造No.32因退火時之最高加熱溫度中的滯留時間長,碳氮化物粗大化,退火中之抑制再結晶之效果變小,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率減少,變韌鐵之面積率增加,藉此擴孔率下降。
又,製造No.33中,退火一次冷卻速度過大,肥粒鐵之面積率未達預定之值,相對地變韌鐵之面積率變多,不僅擴孔率下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之均衡變差,該等之積亦下降。
又,製造No.34因捲取溫度低,利用碳氮化物之退火中的抑制再結晶之效果大,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率增加,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
又,製造No.39因退火時之升溫速度快,未再結晶肥粒鐵之面積率增加,全伸長下降,抗拉強度與全伸長之積下降,擴孔率亦下降。
依據本發明,可提供抗拉強度590MPa以上,且延性及延伸凸緣性優異之高強度冷軋鋼板、鍍敷鋼板,於產業上之貢獻極為顯著。
Claims (6)
- 一種冷軋鋼板,其特徵在於以質量%計,係含有:C:0.020%以上且0.080%以下、Si:0.20%以上且1.00%以下、Mn:0.80%以上且2.30%以下、P:0.0050%以上且0.1500%以下、S:0.0020%以上且0.0150%以下、Al:0.010%以上且0.100%以下、及N:0.0010%以上且0.0100%以下,且,以滿足0.005%≦Nb+Ti<0.030%的條件含有Nb及Ti中之至少1元素,並且剩餘部分係由鐵及不可避免的不純物所構成;金屬組織係由面積率為80%~小於95%之肥粒鐵、面積率為5%~20%之變韌鐵及面積率之合計為0%~小於8%之其他相所構成,前述其他相包含波來鐵、殘留沃斯田鐵及麻田散鐵,未再結晶肥粒鐵佔前述肥粒鐵的面積率係1%~小於10%,包含Nb、Ti之一者或兩者元素的碳氮化物之圓等效直徑係1nm以上且10nm以下,抗拉強度係590MPa以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷軋鋼板,其以質量%計,更 含有下述元素1種或2種以上:Mo:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、W:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、V:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、B:0.0005%以上且0.0100%以下、Ni:0.05%以上且1.50%以下、Cu:0.05%以上且1.50%以下、及Cr:0.05%以上且1.50%以下。
- 一種鍍敷鋼板,其特徵在於其於如申請專利範圍第1或2項之冷軋鋼板表面設置有鍍敷。
- 一種冷軋鋼板之製造方法,其特徵在於具有下述步驟:將具有如申請專利範圍第1或2項之化學成分的鋼片加熱至1150℃以上且1280℃以下,以Ar3 ℃以上且1050℃以下之溫度結束最後軋延,將經450℃以上且650℃以下之溫度域捲取的熱軋鋼板於酸洗後,且以40%以上且70%以下之軋縮率進行冷軋延後,以2℃/秒以上且5℃/秒以下的速度升溫至Ac1 ℃以上且(Ac1 +40)℃以下之溫度範圍內,將前述冷軋鋼板之溫度為Ac1 ℃以上且(Ac1 +40)℃以下的溫度範圍內之滯留時間設為10秒以上且200秒以下來退火,且於前述退火後至常溫的過程中,包含於前述退火後立刻以10℃/秒以下之冷卻速度進行1次冷卻至600℃以 上且720℃以下之鋼板溫度範圍內的過程;此處,Ar3 ℃及Ac1 ℃係由以下1式及2式求出之Ar3 變態溫度及Ac1 變態溫度:Ar3 =910-325×[C]+33×[Si]+287×[P]+40×[Al]-92×([Mn]+[Mo]+[Cu])-46×([Cr]+[Ni])‧‧‧(1式),Ac1 =723+212×[C]-10.7×[Mn]+29.1×[Si]‧‧‧(2式),惟,附有[]之元素係表示各個元素以質量%計的含量。
- 一種鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,其特徵在於其係將藉由如申請專利範圍第4項之方法所製造的冷軋鋼板於退火後,進行冷卻,接著施行鍍敷。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,其係對前述鍍敷鋼板於450℃以上且600℃以下之溫度範圍進行10秒以上的熱處理。
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