TWI461388B - 製造環己基苯之方法 - Google Patents
製造環己基苯之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI461388B TWI461388B TW098105981A TW98105981A TWI461388B TW I461388 B TWI461388 B TW I461388B TW 098105981 A TW098105981 A TW 098105981A TW 98105981 A TW98105981 A TW 98105981A TW I461388 B TWI461388 B TW I461388B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- inorganic oxide
- molecular sieve
- cyclohexylbenzene
- catalyst
- mcm
- Prior art date
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- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OQXMLPWEDVZNPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dicyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1C1CCCCC1 OQXMLPWEDVZNPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OECMNLAWCROQEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylbenzene;hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 OECMNLAWCROQEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010555 transalkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010544 hydroalkylation process reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 cyclic quinone imines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GPEOILIUFBLQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclopentyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C1CCCC1 GPEOILIUFBLQOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NDYYRETYXBJDGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ce+3].[O-2].[Ce+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ce+3].[O-2].[Ce+3] NDYYRETYXBJDGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone oxime Chemical compound ON=C1CCCCC1 VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIJDQIBCRZHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical group ON1C(=O)N(O)C(=O)N(O)C1=O NBIJDQIBCRZHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUXKULRFRATXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxypyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound ON1C(=O)C=CC1=O BUXKULRFRATXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AJBAWYJIQDVDEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=1(C(=C(C(N(C(=O)O)C(=O)O)=CC=1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 Chemical compound C=1(C(=C(C(N(C(=O)O)C(=O)O)=CC=1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 AJBAWYJIQDVDEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGPPDZPTIUGPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Y+3].[O-2].[Mg+2] Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-2].[Mg+2] NGPPDZPTIUGPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical group O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidine Chemical compound C1CNC1 HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZIBOXWEBBRIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Ti+4].[Ce+3] TZIBOXWEBBRIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001944 continuous distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001649 dickite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004124 hock Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004434 industrial solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/06—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by conversion of non-aromatic six-membered rings or of such rings formed in situ into aromatic six-membered rings, e.g. by dehydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/74—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition with simultaneous hydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/08—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/51—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
- C07C45/53—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of hydroperoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
- C07C6/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07C6/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C6/126—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring of more than one hydrocarbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Description
本申請案主張2008年5月1日申請之先前美國臨時性申請案序號61/049,530號之權益,依此,其全部內容在此以引用方式併入本文。
本發明關於一種製造環己基苯之方法,及隨意地將該所得之環己基苯轉化為苯酚及環己酮之方法。
苯酚是化學工業中的重要產品,舉例之,其可用來製造酚醛樹脂、雙酚A、ε-己內醯胺、己二酸、及增塑劑。
近來,苯酚製造最常用的路徑係Hock方法。此為三步驟方法,其中第一步驟包含使用丙烯將苯烷基化以產生異丙基苯,接著將異丙基苯氧化為相應之氫過氧化物,然後使該氫過氧化物裂解以產生等莫耳的苯酚和丙酮。然而,業界對苯酚的需求成長得比丙酮還快速。此外,由於丙烯開發上的不足,所以丙烯的成本可能會增加。
因此,使用高級烯烴替代丙烯作為進料而共同產生高級酮類(如環己酮,而非丙酮)的方法可能是吸引人的製造苯酚之選擇性路徑。例如,環己酮之市場正在成長中,其可用作為工業溶劑、氧化反應中之活化劑及用於己二酸、環己酮樹脂、環己酮肟、己內醯胺及尼龍6之製造中。
自美國專利5,053,571號中得知,環己基苯可藉由在一含有承載於貝它沸石之釕及鎳的觸媒存在下使苯與氫接觸而製得,且該所得之環己基苯可依兩步驟加工處理成環己酮及苯酚。加氫烷基化反應係在每小時液體空間速度(LHSV)範圍為1至100、反應壓力範圍為100至1000 kPa、氫進料速率範圍為每小時每莫耳進料0.2至6莫耳、及反應溫度範圍為100至300℃下進行。
再者,美國專利5,146,024號揭示在一氧化碳及含鈀沸石X或Y之存在下將苯與氫反應而生成環己基苯,然後藉由自動氧化作用及隨後之酸處理而以高產量轉化為苯酚及環己酮。此加氫烷基化反應係在苯進料之每小時液體空間速度(LHSV)約1至約100 hr-1
、總反應壓力約345至10,350 kPa、H2
對苯之莫耳比約0.1:1至約10:1、一氧化碳對H2
之莫耳比約0.01:1至約0.3:1、及溫度約100至約250℃下進行。
另外,美國專利6,037,513號揭示,環己基苯可藉由在含有MCM-22族之分子篩及至少一種選自鈀、釕、鎳、鈷及其混合物之氫化金屬的雙功能觸媒存在下使苯與氫接觸而製得。該觸媒也含有黏合劑及/或基質,且在實施例中該觸媒係利用初濕含浸法藉由將MCM-22族分子篩之壓出物及氧化鋁黏合劑浸漬在氫化金屬之鹽類水溶液中而製得。此'513號專利也揭示該所得之環己基苯可被氧化為相應之氫過氧化物,及將該過氧化物分解為所欲之苯酚及環己酮。
在吾人之同在申請中之2007年8月15日申請的美國專利申請案序號60/964874號(Attorney Docket 2007E M140)中,揭示一種製造環己基苯之方法,該方法包含在加氫烷基化條件下使苯及氫與觸媒接觸以產生含有環己基苯之流出物,該觸媒包含由分子篩、不同於該分子篩的無機氧化物及至少一種氫化金屬所成之複合物,其中至少50重量%之該氫化金屬係承載在該無機氧化物上。其中發現,經由提供至少大部分的該氫化金屬在無機氧化物載體上(而非分子篩上),則觸媒之活性及其對環己基苯及二環己基苯的選擇率將提高。
在美國專利申請案序號60/964874號(Attorney Docket 2007EM140)所揭示之實施例中,用作氫化金屬之載體的無機氧化物為CATALOX SBa氧化鋁,其具有約45μm(微米)之平均粒度。根據本發明,現已發現,若無機氧化物係經選擇以使得具有小於40μm(微米)之平均粒度時,則雙功能觸媒(其中該氫化金屬之一些或全部係承載於和分子篩分開的無機氧化物上)的苯加氫烷基化之活性可提高。而且活性的增加並沒有顯著損失觸媒對環己基苯及二環己基苯的選擇率,這是所企求的,因為任何之二環己基苯可輕易地與額外之苯進行轉烷基化而生成另外的環己基苯產物。
在一方面中,本發明關於一種製造環己基苯之方法,該方法包含在加氫烷基化條件下使苯及氫與觸媒接觸以產生含有環己基苯之流出物,該觸媒包含由分子篩、不同於該分子篩的無機氧化物及至少一種氫化金屬所成之複合物,其中至少50重量%之該氫化金屬係承載在該無機氧化物上且該無機氧化物具有小於40μm(微米)之平均粒度。
合宜的是,該無機氧化物具有小於20μm之平均粒度,諸如小於10μm,例如小於5μm。舉例而言,該無機氧化物之平均粒度係在0.01至30μm範圍內,或從0.02至小於20μm,如從0.05至小於10μm或從0.05至5μm。
如本文所用“平均粒度”一詞係表示該無機氧化物粒子之平均體積直徑,也就是說,該等粒子之體積分布的平均直徑(單位為μm),此乃表示該分布之重力中心。用來測量本發明所用之無機氧化物的平均粒度之儀器係可得自Microtrac公司(Nikkiso公司的一個單位),Largo,Florida,USA的Microtrac S-3000雷射顆粒分級分析儀。此分析儀使用能將粒度減小至有效球狀直徑的軟體,並以平均體積(MV)直徑來測量粒度。
合宜的是,該無機氧化物包括元素週期表中第2、4、13及14族之至少一種元素的氧化物,諸如氧化鋁及/或氧化鈦及或氧化鋯。
合宜的是,至少75重量%,例如幾乎全部(亦即至少95重量%或98重量%或99重量%),或甚至100重量%的該氫化金屬係承載在該無機氧化物上。
合宜的是,該至少一種氫化金屬係在該無機氧化物與分子篩複合之前,施加在該無機氧化物上。在一具體實施例中,該觸媒係藉由將該至少一種氫化金屬沉積在該無機氧化物上,然後將該含金屬之無機氧化物與分子篩之混合物共粒化而製得。在另一具體實施例中,該觸媒係藉由將該至少一種氫化金屬沉積在該無機氧化物上,然後共擠壓該含金屬之無機氧化物與分子篩之混合物而製得。
合宜的是,該分子篩具有平均孔徑為至少7x10-10
m(7埃),且典型地係選自貝它沸石、沸石X、沸石Y、發光沸石及MCM-22族之分子篩。
合宜的是,該分子篩為鋁矽酸鹽,且該分子篩內之鋁對該氫化金屬之莫耳比係約1.5至約1500,例如約100至約500。
合宜的是,該至少一種氫化金屬係選自鈀、釕、鎳、鋅、錫、及鈷,特別是鈀。
合宜的是,該加氫烷基化條件包括溫度為約100至約400℃及/或壓力為約100至約7000 kPaa。在一具體實施例中,在接觸時氫對苯之莫耳比係約0.15:1至約15:1。
在另一方面中,本發明關於一種共同生產苯酚及環己酮之方法,該方法包含藉由本文所述之製程製造環己基苯,將環己基苯氧化以產生環己基苯氫過氧化物,並將該環己基苯氫過氧化物裂解以產生苯酚及環己酮。在另一具體實施例中,可將該環己酮脫氫以產生另外之苯酚。
本文揭示一種將苯加氫烷基化以產生環己基苯之方法,在本發明之較佳具體實施例中,係以兩步驟將環己基苯轉化為環己酮及苯酚。目前此加氫烷基化方法除了產生所欲之一環己基苯產物外還產生二環己基苯,所以該方法可包含另一步驟,即以額外之苯將該二環己基苯轉烷基化而生成另外的一環己基苯產物。
本發明方法(其包含上述較佳具體實施例中之第一製程步驟)涉及在加氫烷基化條件下及新穎之加氫烷基化觸媒存在下使苯與氫接觸,依此,苯係進行下述之反應:
競爭性反應包括使苯完全飽和而生成環己烷、將苯二烷基化以產生二環己基苯及使苯進行重組/烷基化反應而產生雜質如甲基環戊基苯。雖然可將二環己基苯轉烷基化以生成額外之一環己基苯產物,但環己烷之轉化卻表示有價值之進料的損失,然而,如甲基環戊基苯(MCPB)之雜質則特別為人所不喜歡,因MCPB之沸點和環己基苯(CHB)非常接近,所以很難將MCPB與CHB分離,而CHB是加氫烷基化反應中的所欲產物。
任何市售之苯進料都可用於加氫烷基化步驟中,但較佳地係這些苯要具有至少99重量%之純度。同樣地,雖然氫來源也不受限制,但通常較喜歡的是該氫有至少99重量%純度。
合宜的是,加氫烷基化步驟之總進料含有小於1000 ppm,如小於500 ppm,例如小於100 ppm重量份之水,及/或小於100 ppm,如小於30 ppm,例如小於3 ppm重量份之硫,及/或小於10 ppm,如小於1 ppm,例如小於0.1 ppm重量份的氮。
加氫烷基化反應可在寬廣範圍的反應器結構中進行,包括固定床、漿體反應器、及/或催化蒸餾塔。適當之反應溫度介於約100至約400℃之間,如介於約125至約250℃之間。適當之反應壓力介於約100至約7,000 kPaa之間,如介於約500至約5,000 kPaa之間。氫對苯之莫耳比的適當值介於約0.15:1至約15:1之間,如介於約0.4:1至約4:1之間。
加氫烷基化反應中所用之新穎觸媒係由分子篩、不同於該分子篩的無機氧化物及氫化金屬所成之複合物。尤其,該無機氧化物係經選擇以使得具有小於40μm之平均粒度,通常為小於20μm,如小於10μm,例如小於5μm。較佳為該無機氧化物之平均粒度係在0.01至30μm範圍內,或從0.02至小於20μm,如從0.05至小於10或5μm。而且,有至少50重量%之該氫化金屬係承載在該無機氧化物上而非分子篩上。尤其發現藉由將氫化金屬承載在小粒度之無機氧化物上,當與等量之將氫化金屬承載在大(>40μm)粒度之無機氧化物上的觸媒比較時,觸媒活性會增加。此外,發現達成活性上的改良並沒有顯著損失觸媒對所欲產物,環己基苯及二環己基苯的選擇率。
一般而言,在本發明之加氫烷基化方法中所用的分子篩具有平均孔徑為至少7x10-10
m(7埃),且合宜的是係選自貝它沸石、沸石X、沸石Y、發光沸石及MCM-22族之分子篩。例如,貝它沸石及其合成係揭示於美國專利3,308,069號。
如本文所用之“MCM-22族物質”(或“MCM-22族之物質”或“MCM-22族之分子篩”)包括下述之一或多者:.由普通第一級結晶結構塊單位晶胞(該單位晶胞具有MWW型架構拓撲)所製得的分子篩。(單位晶胞係原子的空間排列,其若在三維空間中鋪陳即描述晶體構造。此晶體構造係揭示於〝Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types〞,Fifth edition,2001年,其全部內容以引用方式併入本文);.由普通第二級結構塊單位所製得的分子篩,其為此類MWW型架構拓撲之單位晶胞的二維鋪陳而形成一個單位晶胞厚度之單層(較佳為一個c-單位晶胞厚度);.由普通第二級結構塊單位所製得的分子篩,其為一或一個以上單位晶胞厚度之層,其中一個以上單位晶胞厚度之層係從堆疊、填密、或結合至少兩個具一個單位晶胞厚度的單層而製造。此第二級結構塊單位之堆疊可為規則方式、不規則方式、無規方式、或其任何組合;以及.由具有MWW型架構拓撲之單位晶胞的任何規則或無規之2維或3維組合所製得的分子篩。
MCM-22族之分子篩通常具有包含在12.4±0.25、6.9±0.15、3.57±0.07及3.42±0.07埃之晶格面距最大值的X-射線繞射圖式。用來特徵化該物質之X-射線繞射數據係藉由標準技術獲得,例如利用銅之K-α二重線作為入射輻射及配備閃光計數器且連結電腦作為收集系統之繞射儀。MCM-22族之分子篩包括MCM-22(揭示於美國專利4,954,325號)、PSH-3(揭示於美國專利4,439,409號)、SSZ-25(揭示於美國專利4,826,667號)、ERB-1(揭示於歐洲專利0293032號)、ITQ-1(揭示於美國專利6,077,498號)、ITQ-2(揭示於國際專利公告WO97/17290號)、MCM-36(揭示於美國專利5,250,277號)、MCM-49(揭示於美國專利5,236,575號)、MCM-56(揭示於美國專利5,362,697號)、UZM-8(揭示於美國專利6,756,030號)、及彼等之二或多者的混合物。較佳的是,該分子篩係選自(a)MCM-49、(b)MCM-56及(c)MCM-49與MCM-56之同型物,如ITQ-2。
加氫烷基化觸媒中所用之無機氧化物只要具安定性且在加氫烷基化反應之條件下呈惰性,就不需予以嚴格定義。適當之無機氧化物包括元素週期表中第2、4、13及14族之氧化物,例如氧化鋁、氧化鈦或氧化鋯。此類氧化物可混合使用。如本文所用,週期表各族之編碼制係如Chemical and Engineering News,63(5),27(1985)中所揭示。
同樣的,雖然適當之氫化金屬包括鈀、釕、鎳、鋅、錫、及鈷,但任何已知之氫化金屬都可用於該觸媒複合物中,且以鈀特別有利。通常,存在於觸媒複合物中之氫化金屬的數量以該觸媒複合物計,較佳地介於約0.05至約10重量%之間,例如介於約0.1至約5重量%之間。在一具體實施例中,若分子篩為鋁矽酸鹽之情況,則存在之氫化金屬的量係使該分子篩內之鋁對該氫化金屬之莫耳比在約1.5至約1500,例如約75至約750,如約100至約300。
存在於觸媒複合物中之氫化金屬係使至少50重量%,如至少75重量%,及特別佳地幾乎全部(亦即至少95、98或99重量%)或甚至100重量%的該氫化金屬承載於無機氧化物上。合宜的是,此舉係藉由在含金屬之無機氧化物與分子篩複合之前,將至少一部份氫化金屬沉積在無機氧化物上而達成。若需要時,可隨後將額外之氫化金屬沉積在該所得之觸媒複合物上。典型地,觸媒複合物係藉由共粒化而製得,其中分子篩與無機氧化物之混合物係在高壓下(通常為約350至約350,000 kPa)成形為顆粒,或藉由共擠壓而製得,其中分子篩與無機氧化物之漿料將隨意地與各別之黏合劑一起而被強制通過模具。
對那些使用黏合劑之具體實施例而言,適當之黏合劑包括合成或天然發生之物質及無機物質,如黏土、二氧化矽及/或金屬氧化物。金屬氧化物可為天然發生或凝膠狀沉澱物或凝膠之形式,包括二氧化矽與金屬氧化物之混合物。可用作黏合劑之天然發生的黏土包括那些蒙脫石及高嶺土族的黏土,這些族群包括已知為Dixie、McNamee、Georgia及Florida黏土之亞膨潤土及高嶺土,或主要礦物組成為埃洛石、高嶺石、地開石、珍珠陶土或富矽高嶺石之其他者。此類黏土可依原始開採或最初鍛燒、酸處理或化學改質之原物料狀態使用。適當之金屬氧化物黏合劑包括二氧化矽、氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氧化鈦、二氧化矽-氧化鋁、二氧化矽-氧化鎂、二氧化矽-氧化鋯、二氧化矽-氧化釷、二氧化矽-氧化鈹及二氧化矽-氧化鈦,以及三元組成物如二氧化矽-氧化鋁-氧化釷、二氧化矽-氧化鋁-氧化鋯、二氧化矽-氧化鋁-氧化鎂及二氧化矽-氧化鎂-氧化鋯。
雖然加氫烷基化步驟對環己基苯有高選擇率,但來自加氫烷基化反應之流出物通常包含某些二烷基化產物,及未反應之芳族進料和所欲之一烷基化物質。未反應之芳族進料通常係藉由蒸餾回收並再循環至烷基化反應器中。將來自苯蒸餾之底部物進一步蒸餾以便將一環己基苯產物與任何二環己基苯及其他重質份分離。視存在於反應流出物之二環己基苯的數量而定,所希望的是以額外之苯將二環己基苯轉烷基化以使所欲之一烷基化物質的產量增至最大。
以額外之苯進行的轉烷基化通常係在不同於加氫烷基化反應器的轉烷基化反應器內及在適當之轉烷基化觸媒上進行,轉烷基化觸媒為諸如MCM-22族之分子篩、貝它沸石、MCM-68(參考美國專利6,014,018號)、沸石Y或發光沸石。轉烷基化反應典型地係在至少部份液相條件下進行,該條件適當地包括溫度為約100至約300℃、壓力約800至約3500 kPa、總進料之每小時重量空間速度約1至約10 hr-1
、及苯/二環己基苯重量比約1:1至約5:1。
在較佳具體實施例中,經由本發明之方法所產生的環己基苯係進一步轉化。因此,為了將環己基苯轉化為苯酚及環己酮,最初係將環己基苯氧化為相應之氫過氧化物。此舉係藉由將含氧氣體如空氣導入含有環己基苯之液相中而達成。和異丙基苯不同,沒有觸媒存在下之環己基苯的大氣氧化作用非常緩慢,因此該氧化作用普遍係在觸媒存在下進行。
用於環己基苯氧化步驟之適當觸媒為揭示於美國專利6,720,462號(其全部內容以引用方式併入本文)中之經N-羥基取代的環狀醯亞胺類,諸如N-羥基苯鄰二甲醯亞胺、4-胺基-N-羥基苯鄰二甲醯亞胺、3-胺基-N-羥基苯鄰二甲醯亞胺、四溴基-N-羥基苯鄰二甲醯亞胺、四氯基-N-羥基苯鄰二甲醯亞胺、N-羥基黑醯亞胺(N-hydroxyhetimide)、N-羥基腐植醯亞胺、N-羥基苯偏三甲醯亞胺、N-羥基苯-1,2,4-三甲醯亞胺、N,N’-二羥基(苯均四甲酸二醯亞胺)、N,N’-二羥基(二苯基酮-3,3’,4,4’-四甲酸二醯亞胺)、N-羥基馬來醯亞胺、吡啶-2,3-二甲醯亞胺、N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺、N-羥基(酒石酸醯亞胺)、N-羥基-5-原冰片烯-2,3-二甲醯亞胺、外-N-羥基-7-氧雜二環[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二甲醯亞胺、N-羥基-順式-環己烷-1,2-二甲醯亞胺、N-羥基-順式-4-環己烯-1,2-二甲醯亞胺、N-羥基萘二甲醯亞胺鈉鹽或N-羥基-o-苯二磺醯亞胺。較佳地,該觸媒為N-羥基苯鄰二甲醯亞胺。另一適當之觸媒為N,N’,N”-三羥基異三聚氰酸。
這些觸媒物質可單獨使用或在自由基引發劑存在下使用,並可用作為液相、均質觸媒或經承載在固體載體上以提供異質觸媒。典型地,該經N-羥基取代之環狀醯亞胺或N,N’,N”-三羥基異三聚氰酸之使用量以環己基苯計為0.0001至15莫耳%,如0.001至5莫耳%。
氧化步驟的適當條件包括溫度介於約70至約200℃之間,如約90至約130℃,及/或壓力約50至10,000 kPa。任何含氧氣體(以空氣為較佳)都可用作為氧化介質。反應可在批次反應器或連續流動反應器中進行。可添加鹼性緩衝劑以與氧化期間所形成之酸性副產物反應。此外,也可導入水相,其可幫助使鹼性化合物(如碳酸鈉)溶解。
在將環己基苯轉化為苯酚及環己酮中的最終反應步驟涉及環己基苯氫過氧化物之裂解,合宜的是,此步驟係藉由在約20至約150℃溫度,如約40至約120℃及/或壓力約50至約2,500 kPa,如約100至約1000 kPa下,於液相中使該氫過氧化物與觸媒接觸來進行。環己基苯氫過氧化物較佳地係溶解於對裂解反應呈惰性之有機溶劑中以協助熱之去除,溶劑為例如甲基乙基酮、環己酮、苯酚或環己基苯。裂解反應可合宜地係在催化蒸餾裝置中進行。
裂解步驟中所用之觸媒可為均質觸媒或異質觸媒。
適當之均質性裂解觸媒包括硫酸、高氯酸、磷酸、鹽酸及對-甲苯磺酸。氯化鐵、三氟化硼、二氧化硫及三氧化硫也是有效的均質性裂解觸媒。較佳的均質性裂解觸媒為硫酸,且較佳濃度在0.05至0.5重量%範圍內。對均質性酸觸媒而言,較佳地是在裂解步驟後接著中和步驟。典型地此中和步驟包含與鹼性組分接觸,隨後傾析富含鹽之水相。
用於環己基苯氫過氧化物之裂解的適當之異質觸媒包括綠土黏土,如揭示於美國專利4,870,217號之酸性蒙脫石二氧化矽-氧化鋁黏土,該專利之全部內容在此以引用方式併入本文。
來自裂解步驟之粗製環己酮及粗製苯酚可進行另外之純化以製得純苯酚及環己酮。適當之純化過程包括,但不受限於,連續的蒸餾塔以便將該環己酮及苯酚與其他物種分離。粗製或純的環己酮本身可進行脫氫作用以便轉化為苯酚。此脫氫作用可例如在觸媒如鉑、鎳或鈀上進行。下述之實施例係為了說明之目的,故並不限制本發明之範圍。
為了說明在苯之加氫烷基化中用於氫化金屬之載體粒度的重要性,在兩種觸媒上進行兩個連續實驗,指定為A及B之該兩種觸媒係相同地製備,但除外的是氧化鋁載體的粒度。此兩種觸媒含有與4.8公克MCM-49酸性烷基化觸媒共粒化之2公克承載在γ氧化鋁的0.3重量% Pd。在觸媒A與觸媒B之間主要的差異係前者承載在平均粒度為45 μm(微米)之SASOL CATALOX SBa上,而觸媒B則承載在取自Alfa Aesar之3 μm(微米)平均粒度的氧化鋁上。
該兩種氧化鋁載體的各別平均粒度係在Microtrac公司,Largo,Florida,USA所提供的Microtrac S-3000雷射顆粒分級分析儀上測量。所使用的是氧化鋁試樣之水性懸浮液,並在分析儀中經超音波處理以便將聚集體破碎。由分析儀自動測量之典型的試樣數量約為200毫克。該儀器使用能將所有粒子減小至有效球狀直徑之軟體,並以平均體積(MV)直徑來測量粒度。分析儀之更多細節及其用途可見於“Explanation of Data Reported by Microtrac Instruments”Applications Note SL-AN-16 Rev B(Terminology,abbreviations and calculations shown in reports)by philip E,Plantz,PhD,available from Microtrac,lnc.prior to April 2008。平均體積直徑的討論也包含在該文件中。
每一觸媒係藉由先將鈀沉積於氧化鋁上而製備。然後將含Pd之氧化鋁加到MCM-49中以形成混合物,接著使用在136,000 kPaa下之手壓機達60秒以將該混合物粒化。然後在試驗該顆粒的苯之加氫烷基化性能之前,將該顆粒分級至0.841至0.250 mm網孔(20/60網目粒子)。就每一觸媒而言,所有鈀都在無機氧化物上。
在150℃、1034 kPag(150 psig)及0.7 hr-1
WHSV之標稱上相同條件下評估此兩種觸媒,其結果示於表1。如表1中所見,觸媒B之性能優於觸媒A。觸媒B之轉化率顯著較高(59對46重量%之轉化率)。而且,觸媒B對環己烷之選擇率也顯著地低,在2.6%。觸媒B對甲基環戊烷(MCP)的選擇率似乎高些,在1.3%,但大部份較高的MCP選擇率係因為較高的轉化率之故。觸媒B的總選擇率很優異,在91%,而轉化率接近59%。
本發明已藉由參考特定具體實施例闡明解說,熟諳此藝者將明瞭本發明適合於本文中並不需要解說的變異。基於此理由,為了確定本發明之真正範圍起見,應僅參考隨附之申請專利範圍。
Claims (23)
- 一種製造環己基苯之方法,該方法包含在加氫烷基化條件下使苯及氫與觸媒接觸以產生含有環己基苯之流出物,該觸媒包含由分子篩、不同於該分子篩的無機氧化物及至少一種氫化金屬所成之複合物,其中至少50重量%之該氫化金屬係承載在該無機氧化物上且該無機氧化物具有小於40μm(微米)之平均粒度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該無機氧化物具有0.01至30μm之平均粒度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該無機氧化物具有小於20μm之平均粒度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該無機氧化物具有小於5μm之平均粒度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該無機氧化物包括元素週期表中第2、4、13及14族之至少一種元素的氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該無機氧化物包括氧化鋁、氧化鈦或氧化鋯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中至少75重量%之該氫化金屬係承載在該無機氧化物上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中在 該無機氧化物與分子篩複合之前,將至少一種氫化金屬施加在該無機氧化物上。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該觸媒係藉由將該至少一種氫化金屬沉積在該無機氧化物上,然後將該含金屬之無機氧化物與分子篩之混合物共粒化而製得。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該觸媒係藉由將該至少一種氫化金屬沉積在該無機氧化物上,然後共擠壓該含金屬之無機氧化物與分子篩之混合物而製得。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該觸媒進一步包含黏合劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該分子篩具有平均孔徑為至少7x10-10 m(7埃)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該分子篩係選自貝它沸石、沸石X、沸石Y、發光沸石及MCM-22族之分子篩。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該分子篩具有包含在12.4±0.25、6.9±0.15、3.57±0.07及3.42±0.07埃之晶格面距最大值的X-射線繞射圖式。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該分子篩係選自MCM-22、PSH-3、SSZ-25、ERB-1、ITQ-1、ITQ-2、MCM-36、MCM-49、MCM-56、UZM-8及彼等之任何二或多個之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該分子篩為鋁矽酸鹽,且該分子篩內之鋁對該氫化金屬之莫 耳比係從1.5至1500。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中該莫耳比係從100至300。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該至少一種氫化金屬係選自鈀、釕、鎳、鋅、錫、及鈷。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中在接觸時氫對苯之莫耳比係在0.15:1至15:1範圍內。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該加氫烷基化條件包括溫度為100至400℃及/或壓力為100至7000 kPaa。
- 如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法,其中該流出物也含有二環己基苯,並且在轉烷基化條件下使至少一部份之該二環己基苯與苯接觸以生成另外之環己基苯。
- 一種共同生產苯酚及環己酮之方法,該方法包含藉由如申請專利範圍第1-7項中任一項之方法產生環己基苯,將該環己基苯氧化以產生環己基苯氫過氧化物,並將該環己基苯氫過氧化物裂解以產生苯酚及環己酮。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之方法,其進一步包含將該環己酮脫氫以產生另外之苯酚。
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CN104245642B (zh) * | 2012-02-29 | 2016-08-31 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 包括将苯加氢烷基化成环己基苯步骤的生产苯酚的方法 |
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CN107008504B (zh) * | 2016-01-27 | 2020-03-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种催化剂、其制备方法及制备环己基苯的方法 |
TWM532046U (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-11-11 | Tai Sol Electronics Co Ltd | 具有液汽分離結構的均溫板 |
CN107866270B (zh) * | 2016-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 用于环己基苯合成的催化剂 |
CN107866263B (zh) * | 2016-09-26 | 2019-11-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 适于环己基苯生产用催化剂 |
CN107866269B (zh) * | 2016-09-26 | 2019-11-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 环己基苯用催化剂及其制备方法 |
CA3095939C (en) | 2018-04-06 | 2023-09-26 | Frank Levy | Apparatus and method for producing an enriched medical suspension |
CN110563534B (zh) * | 2018-06-06 | 2022-04-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 加氢烷基化合成环己基苯的方法 |
CN110563543B (zh) * | 2018-06-06 | 2022-07-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 合成环己基苯的方法 |
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CN102015589B (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
EP2282984B1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
WO2009134516A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
CN102015589A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
US20110021841A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
US8106243B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
TW201000431A (en) | 2010-01-01 |
EP2282984A1 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
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