TWI460320B - 對組合物中稀土金屬之有效取代作用及供電子應用之材料 - Google Patents
對組合物中稀土金屬之有效取代作用及供電子應用之材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI460320B TWI460320B TW100144013A TW100144013A TWI460320B TW I460320 B TWI460320 B TW I460320B TW 100144013 A TW100144013 A TW 100144013A TW 100144013 A TW100144013 A TW 100144013A TW I460320 B TWI460320 B TW I460320B
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- Prior art keywords
- garnet
- site
- modified
- octahedral
- formula
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 50
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 45
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 40
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 10
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron yttrium Chemical class [Fe].[Y] MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 divalent (2+) Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019655 synthetic inorganic crystalline material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219991 Lythraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014360 Punica granatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXBGOYAIRATNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[N+](=O)(O)[O-].NCC(=O)O Chemical compound [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[N+](=O)(O)[O-].NCC(=O)O MXBGOYAIRATNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBGKZKAXKLQIEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Zr].[La].[Ca] Chemical compound [V].[Zr].[La].[Ca] PBGKZKAXKLQIEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005350 ferromagnetic resonance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QWVYNEUUYROOSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxido(oxo)vanadium;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O QWVYNEUUYROOSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003826 uniaxial pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G55/00—Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/18—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being compounds
- H01F10/20—Ferrites
- H01F10/24—Garnets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of the metals beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, thorium, or the rare earths, in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G29/00—Compounds of bismuth
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3239—Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. magnesium vanadate
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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Description
本申請案大體上係關於合成石榴石組合物及其製造方法。本申請案亦係關於包含該等組合物之射頻(RF)器件及體系。
本申請案根據35 U.S.C. §119(e)規定主張2010年11月30日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/418,383號及2011年6月6日申請之美國臨時申請案第61/493,942號之優先權。各申請案係以引用全文的方式併入本文中。
各種具有磁特性的晶體材料已用作電子器件(諸如手機、生物醫學器件及RFID感測器)之組件。石榴石係具有鐵磁特性之晶體材料,特別係用於在微波低頻區操作之RF電子設備。很多微波磁性材料為釔鐵石榴石(YIG)之衍生物,大體上由於其有利的磁特性(諸如在其鐵磁諧振頻率下之窄線吸收)而廣泛應用於各種電信器件之石榴石之一種合成形式。YIG大體上係由釔、鐵、氧組成且可能摻雜一或多個其它稀土金屬(諸如鑭系元素或鈧)。然而,最近稀土元素(如釔)之供應日益受到限制,從而導致成本相應增加。因此,需尋找一種對合成石榴石結構中稀土元素之經濟有效取代物而不損及材料磁特性且可用於微波應用。
本發明之組合物、材料、製備方法、器件及體系各自具有若干態樣,其中無任一項單獨負責其優良屬性。未限制本發明範圍,現將簡要討論其較突出特徵。
文中未直接定義之任意術語應理解為具有如本技術所理解之與其等相關的所有常見含義。特定術語將在下文,或說明書別處討論以描述各種實施例之組合物、方法、體系等,以及如何製造或使用其等時額外指導實施者。應瞭解同一事物可以多種方式提及。因此,文中所述術語中任一者或多者可使用其他語言及同義詞。是否在本文中詳述或討論術語係毫無意義的。提供一些同義詞或可取代方法、材料等。敘述一或多個同義詞或等價物時不排除使用其他同義詞或等價物,除非明確指出。說明書中實例(包含術語之實例)之用途僅係為了說明且不限制本文實施例之範圍與含義。
本文所揭示之實施例包含RF應用中所使用之合成石榴石之改質方法以減少或消除石榴石中的釔(Y)或其它稀土金屬而對材料之磁特性無負面影響。在一些實施例中,將稀土含量顯著降低之改質之合成石榴石組合物設計成具有適合用作器件(諸如隔離器及循環器,其等為所有蜂窩基站之必需組件)之鐵氧體材料的特性。
一些實施例包含以其他化學物質(諸如鉍與一或多個高價離子之組合)取代石榴石結構中之至少部份釔(Y)之方法。該取代化學物質係經選擇以降低Y含量但對材料性能無負面影響。本文所述之稀土取代實質上降低在特定石榴石結構(如釔鐵石榴石(YIG))合成中對釔氧化物的需求,且提供用於多種電子應用(包括(但不限於)用於蜂窩狀基站之器件)之改質晶體材料。
在一實施例中,改質合成石榴石之方法包括以鉍(Bi)取代石榴石結構之十二面體位點處之部分釔(Y)及將高價非磁性離子(較佳高於+3)引至八面體位點處以替代石榴石中的部份鐵(Fe)。取代離子之量及組合與加工技術係經選擇以確保所得材料具有高磁化強度與低線寬,及降低的釔(Y)含量。在一些實施例中,亦將鈣(Ca)引至石榴石結構之十二面體位點以用於高價離子造成的電荷補償,同時取代剩下的部份或全部釔(Y)。在一些其他實施例中,該方法進一步包括將一或多個高價離子(如釩(V5+
))引至石榴石結構的四面體位點以進一步降低所得材料之飽和磁化強度。
在一實施例中,改質之合成晶體材料係以式Bix
Cay+2z
Y3-x-y-2z
Fe5-y-z
Zry
Vz
O12
表示,其中x係大於或等於0.5且小於或等於1.4,y係大於或等於0.3且小於或等於0.55,及z係大於或等於0或小於或等於0.6。Bi與Ca位於十二面體位點,Zr位於八面體位點,及V位於四面體位點。在一些版本中,少量鈮(Nb)可位於八面體位點及少量鉬(Mo)可位於四面體位點。較佳地,該改質的晶體材料具有小於或等於11奧斯特之磁諧振線寬。
在另一實施例中,該改質之合成晶體材料係以式Bi(Y,Ca)2
Fe4.2
MI 0.4
MII 0.4
O12
表示,其中MI
取代八面體的Fe且可選自由In、Zn、Mg、Zr、Sn、Ta、Nb、Fe、Ti、Sb及其組合組成之群,其中MII
取代四面體的Fe且可選自由Ga、W、Mo、Ge、V、Si及其組合組成之群。
在又另一實施例中,該改質之合成晶體材料係以式Bi0.9
Ca0.9x
Y2.1-0.9x
(Zr0.7
Nb0.1
)x
Fe5-0.8x
O12
表示,其中x係大於或等於0.5且小於或等於1.0。
在又另一實施例中,該改質之合成晶體材料係以式Bix
Y3-x-0.35
Ca0.35
Zr0.35
Fe4.65
O12
表示,其中x係大於或等於0.5且小於或等於1.0,更佳地,x係大於或等於0.6且小於或等於0.8。
在又另一實施例中,該改質之合成晶體材料係以式Y2.15-2x
Bi0.5
Ca0.35+2x
Zr0.35
Vx
Fe4.65-x
O12
表示,其中x係大於或等於0.1且小於或等於0.8。
在又另一實施中,提供一種改質之基於釔之石榴石結構。該改質之基於釔之石榴石結構包括摻雜鉍(Bi3+
)及鈣(Ca2+
)之十二面體位點,及摻雜四價或五價離子之八面體位點,其中Bi3+
佔十二面體位點之約0至100原子百分比,Ca2+
佔十二面體位點之約0至90原子百分比,其中四價或五價離子佔八面體位點之約0至50原子百分比,其中該改質之合成之基於釔之石榴石結構具有0至50奧斯特之磁諧振線寬。在一些實施中,該改質之基於釔之石榴石結構進一步包括摻雜釩(V5+
)之四面體位點,其中V5+
佔四面體位點之約0至50原子百分比。較佳地,釔佔該改質之基於釔之石榴石結構之剩餘部分。在一些實施中,該改質之基於釔之石榴石結構係以鐵氧體材料併入RF器件(如隔離器、循環器或諧振器)中。
有利地,該取代允許於石榴石結構之八面體位點使用四價、五價或其它離子,從而造成高磁化強度與低線寬,同時降低Y含量。
本文揭示合成石榴石組合物(如釔鐵石榴石(YIG))之改質方法,以減少或消除該等組合物中稀土金屬的使用。本文亦揭示具有減少含量的或不含稀土金屬的合成石榴石材料,該等材料之製造方法,及併入該等材料之器件與體系。根據本發明所述實施例製造之該等合成石榴石材料呈現對微波磁應用而言有利的磁特性。該等有利特性包含但不限於低磁諧振線寬、優化密度、飽和磁化強度及介電損耗角正切。申請案驚人地發現當石榴石組合物摻雜特定離子組合及利用特定加工技術製備時,大量而非所有稀土元素可被取代且仍產生具有與商售包含釔(Y)或其它稀土元素之石榴石相當而非優越之性能的微波磁晶體材料。
合成石榴石通常具有A3
B5
O12
式單元,其中A與B為三價金屬離子。釔鐵石榴石(YIG)係一種具有Y3
Fe5
O12
式單元之合成石榴石,其包含3+氧化態之釔(Y)及3+氧化態之鐵(Fe)。YIG式單元的晶體結構描述在圖1中。如圖1所示,YIG具有十二面體位點、八面體位點及四面體位點。Y離子佔據十二面體位點而Fe離子佔據八面體與四面體位點。在晶體分類中為立方體的各YIG單元晶胞具有八個該等式單元。
在一些實施例中,該等改質之合成石榴石組合物包括以其他離子組合取代釔鐵石榴石(YIG)中部份或所有釔(Y),以使所得材料保留微波應用所需之磁特性。曾嘗試以不同離子摻雜YIG以改質材料特性。其中一些嘗試(諸如摻雜鉍(Bi)之YIG)在D.B.Cruickshank之「Microwave Materials for Wireless Applications」中描述,該文獻之全文以引用的方式併入本文中。然而,實際上,用作取代物之離子表現不可預測,原因在於,例如,由磁離子本身或非磁性離子對磁離子周邊之影響引起的自旋傾斜、減少取向度。因此,所得磁特性不可預測。另外,在一些情況下,取代量有限。超出一定限度,離子不會進入其較佳晶格位點且保留在第二相化合物外部或滲入另一位點。另外,在高取代水平下,離子大小及晶體取向優先可競爭,或者取代離子受離子大小及其他位點上之離子配位影響。因此,淨磁行為為獨立子晶格或單離子各向異性的總和之假設並不總適用於預測磁特性。
對微波磁應用而言,選擇YIG中稀土金屬之有效取代之考慮因素包括優化所得改質晶體結構之密度、磁諧振線寬、飽和磁化強度、居里溫度及介電損耗正切。磁諧振源於旋轉電子,當受適當的射頻(RF)激發時將顯示與外加磁場及頻率成正比的諧振。諧振峰之線寬通常定義在半功率點且稱為磁諧振線寬。材料一般需具有低線寬,因為低線寬表明其本身磁損耗低,其為所有低插入損耗性鐵氧體器件所需。根據本發明之較佳實施例之該改質石榴石組合物提供具有減少之釔含量且仍保持低線寬及微波磁應用之其他所需特性之單晶或多晶材料。
在一些實施例中,基於釔的石榴石之改質係藉由以鉍(Bi3+
)取代石榴石結構之十二面體位點上的部份釔(Y3+
)並同時將一或多種離子(如二價(2+)、三價(3+)、四價(4+)、五價(5+)或六價(6+)非磁性離子)引至該結構之八面體位點以取代至少一部份鐵(Fe3+
)。在一較佳實施例中,可將一或多種高價非磁性離子(如鋯(Zr4+
)或鈮(Nb5+
))引至八面體位點。
在一些實施例中,基於釔的石榴石之改質係藉由將氧化態大於3+的一或多種高價離子引至石榴石結構的八面體或四面體位點並同時以鈣(Ca2+
)取代該結構之十二面體位點上之釔(Y3+
)以用於高價離子造成的電荷補償,由此減少Y3+
含量。當引入非三價離子時,價平衡係藉由引入(例如)二價鈣(Ca2+
)以平衡非三價離子而加以維持。例如,對於引至八面體或四面體位點之各4+離子而言,以Ca2+
離子取代一Y3+
離子。對於各5+離子而言,以Ca2+
離子置換兩個Y3+
離子。對於各6+離子而言,以Ca2+
離子置換三個Y3+
離子。在一實施例中,將選自由Zr4+
、Sn4+
、Ti4+
、Nb5+
、Ta5+
、Sb5+
、W6+
、及Mo6+
組成之群的一或多個高價離子引至八面體或四面體位點,且二價鈣(Ca2+
)用於平衡電荷,從而減少Y3+
含量。
在一些實施例中,基於釔的石榴石之改質係藉由將一或多種高價離子(諸如釩(V5+
))引至石榴石結構的四面體位點以取代Fe3+
而進一步減少所得材料之磁諧振線寬。未受任何理論限制,咸認為離子取代機制引起晶格四面體位點的磁化強度降低,造成石榴石更高的淨磁化,及藉由改變鐵離子的磁晶體環境亦減少材料的各向異性及鐵磁線寬。
在一些實施例中,申請者發現摻雜組合有引起鈣(Ca)價補償的釩(V)及鋯(Zr)之高鉍(Bi)組合可有效取代微波器件石榴石中的全部或大部份釔(Y)。申請者亦發現某些其他高價離子亦可用於四面體或八面體位點且石榴石結構中較佳發生相當高度八面體取代,以獲得5至20奧斯特之磁諧振線寬。而且,釔取代較佳係藉由除鉍外,將鈣加至十二面體位點而實現。以較高價離子(較佳大於3+)摻雜八面體或四面體位點將使更多鈣引至十二面體位點以補償電荷,從而進一步降低釔含量。
在一實施例中,改質之合成石榴石組合物可由通式I:Bix
Cay+2z
Y3-x-y-2z
Fe5-y-z
Zry
Vz
O12
表示,其中x=0至3,y=0至1,及z=0至1.5,更佳地,x=0.5至1.4,y=0.3至0.55,及z=0至0.6。在一較佳實施例中,0.5至1.4式單位鉍(Bi)取代十二面體位點的部份釔(Y),0.3至0.55式單位鋯(Zr)取代八面體位點的部份鐵(Fe)。在一些實施例中,達0.6式單位釩(V)取代四面體位點的部份鐵(Fe)。電荷平衡係藉由以鈣(Ca)取代部份或全部的剩餘釔(Y)而達成。在一些其他實施例中,可將少量鈮(Nb)置於八面體位點及可將少量鉬(Mo)置於四面體位點。
在另一實施例中,改質之合成石榴石組合物可由通式II:Bix
Y3-x-0.35
Ca0.35
Zr0.35
Fe4.65
O12
表示,其中x=0.5至1.0,較佳x=0.6至0.8,更佳x=0.5。在該實施例中,0.5至1.0式單位鉍(Bi)取代十二面體位點的部份釔(Y)及鋯(Zr)取代八面體位點的部份鐵(Fe)。將鈣(Ca2+
)加至十二面體位點以取代部份剩餘的Y以平衡Zr電荷。可變化Bi含量以達到多種材料特性而Zr固定在Zr=0.35。
在另一實施例中,改質之石榴石組合物可由通式III: Bi(Y,Ca)2
Fe4.2
MI 0.4
MII 0.4
O12
表示,其中MI
取代八面體的Fe且可選自下列元素中之一或多者:In、Zn、Mg、Zr、Sn、Ta、Nb、Fe、Ti及Sb,其中MII
取代四面體的Fe且可選自下列元素中之一或多者:Ga、W、Mo、Ge、V、Si。
在另一實施例中,改質之合成石榴石組合物可由通式IV: Y2.15-2x
Bi0.5
Ca0.35+2x
Zr0.35
Vx
Fe4.65-x
O12
表示,其中=0.1至0.8。在該實施例中,將0.1至0.8式單位釩(V)加至四面體位點以取代部份鐵Fe,及加入鈣(Ca)以平衡V電荷並取代部份剩餘Y而Bi及Zr含量維持固定,相似於式III。圖2顯示材料特性與變化V含量相關的變化性。如圖2所示,材料的介電常數及密度隨變化V含量大體上保持不變。V增長量係以每0.1 V約160高斯減少4 PiMs。如圖2進一步所示,至V=0.5時,3 dB線寬無明顯變化。
在另一實施例中,改質之合成石榴石組合物可由式V: Bi0.9
Ca0.9x
Y2.1-0.9x
(Zr0.7
Nb0.1
)x
Fe5-0.8x
O12
表示,其中=0.5至1.0。在該實施例中,八面體取代以兩個高價離子實現:Zr4+
及Nb5+
,Bi恆定為0.9。圖3顯示材料特性與變化(Zr,Nb)含量相關的變化性。如圖3所示,磁諧振線寬隨八面體取代增強而減少。磁化強度亦因全部非磁性離子的增加克服更強的非磁性八面體取代而下降。
在另一實施例中,改質之合成石榴石組合物可由式VI:Bi0.9
Ca0.9+2x
Y2.1-0.9-2x
Zr0.7
Nb0.1
Vx
Fe4.2-x
O12
表示,其中V=0-0.6。在該實施例中,除Zr及Nb外,將釩引至八面體位點。當V=0.6時,Y被完全取代。圖4A-4G顯示當V值從0增至0.6時,燃燒溫度與多種材料特性間的關係。如顯示,根據ASTM A883/A883M-01測定之3 dB線寬在所有V值及低於1040℃之燃燒溫度下趨於維持低於50 Oe。圖5顯示一較佳實施例之不同燃燒溫度下之最佳線寬對不同V值下的組合物。在一些實施例中,線寬可藉由使材料退火而進一步減少。下表2顯示退火對Bi0.9
Ca_
Zr0.7
Nb0.1
Vx
Fe4.2-x
O12
(其中x=0.1至0.5)線寬的影響。
在另一實施例中,改質之合成石榴石組合物可由式VI:Bi1.4
Ca0.55+2x
Y1.05-2x
Zr0.55
Vx
Fe4.45-x
O12
(其中x=0-0.525)表示。在該實施例中,Bi摻雜量增加而八面體取代程度降低。所形成的材料具有較高的居里溫度及低線寬。釩(V)含量在0與0.525之間變化。當V=0.525,該組合物不含釔。所得材料達到20Oe線寬而未進行隨後熱處理。圖6顯示具有不同V量的材料之特性。如圖6所示,V使介電常數急劇下降,式單位中每0.1V約1個單位,且以每0.1V約80高斯使磁化強度下降。優化製程參數(諸如燃燒條件)產生低至11之線寬或0.525或接近0.525之V,其不含釔。該等值與具有相同磁化強度的市售鈣釔鋯釩石榴石相當。
在另一實施例中,改質之合成石榴石組合物可由式VII:Y2
CaFe4.4
Zr0.4
Mo0.2
O12
表示。在該實施例中,將高價離子鉬(Mo)加至四面體位點以產生一單相晶體。在其他實施例中,改質之合成石榴石組合物可由選自由下列組成之群之式表示:BiY2
Fe4.6In.4
O12
、BiCa.4
Y1.6
Fe4.6
Zr.4
O12
、BiCa.4
Y1.6
Fe4.6
Ti.4
O12
、BiCa.8
Y1.2
Fe4.6
Sb.4
O12
、BiY2
Fe4.6
Ga.4
O12
、BiCa1.2
Y.8
Fe4.2
In.4
Mo.4
O12
、BiY1.2
Ca.8
Fe4.2
Zn.4
Mo.4
O12
、BiY1.2
Ca.8
Fe4.2
Mg.4
Mo.4
O12
、BiY.4
Ca1.6
Fe4.2
Zr.4
Mo.4
O12
、BiY.4
Ca1.6
Fe4.2
Sn.4
Mo.4
O12
、BiCa2
Fe4.2
Ta.4
Mo.4
O12
、BiCa2
Fe4.2
Nb.4
Mo.4
O12
、BiY.8
Ca1.2
Fe4.6
Mo.4
O12
、及BiY.4
Ca1.6
Fe4.2
Ti.4
Mo.4
O12
。
改質之合成石榴石材料之製備可藉由使用已知的陶瓷技術而實現。圖7闡述該製程流程之一特定實例。
如圖7所示,該製程始自步驟106以稱量原材料。該原材料可包含氧化物及碳酸鹽,諸如氧化鐵(Fe2
O3
)、氧化鉍(Bi2
O3
)、氧化釔(Y2
O3
)、碳酸鈣(CaCO3
)、氧化鋯(ZrO2
)、五氧化二釩(V2
O5
)、釩酸釔(YVO4
)、鈮酸鉍(BiNbO4
)、二氧化矽(SiO2
)、五氧化二鈮(Nb2
O5
)、氧化銻(Sb2
O3
)、氧化鉬(MoO3
)、氧化銦(In2
O3
)或其组合。在一實施例中,原材料基本上包括約35-40 wt%,更佳約38.61 wt%之氧化鉍;約10-12 wt%,更佳約10.62 wt%之氧化鈣;約35-40 wt%,更佳約37 wt%之氧化鐵;約5-10 wt%,更佳約8.02 wt%之氧化鋯;約4-6 wt%,更佳約5.65 wt%之氧化釩。另外,有機材料可用於乙醇鹽及/或丙烯酸鹽之溶膠凝膠法或可使用基於檸檬酸鹽之技術。該技術中其他已知方法(如氫氧化物之共沉澱)亦可用作一種獲得材料的方法。原材料之量與選擇取決於具體分子式。
稱得原材料後,在步驟108中使用符合陶瓷技術當前水平之方法將其等摻合,其可包括使用混合螺旋槳進行水性摻合,或使用振動研磨機與鋼或氧化鋯介質進行水性摻合。在一些實施例中,甘胺酸硝酸鹽或噴霧熱解技術可用於摻合及同時使原材料反應。
隨後在步驟110中乾燥該摻合氧化物,其實現可藉由將漿液倒入窗格中及烘箱乾燥,較佳100-400℃或藉由噴霧乾燥或藉由該技術中已知之其他技術。
經乾燥之摻合氧化物在步驟112中經篩加工,其均質化粉末及打碎煅燒後可造成致密顆粒之軟結塊。
隨後於步驟114中使該材料進行預燒結煅燒處理。較佳地,將該材料裝入諸如氧化鋁或堇青石坩堝之容器中且進行約800-1000℃,更佳約900-950℃熱處理。較佳地,低燃燒溫度,因為較高燃燒溫度對線寬具有不利影響。
煅燒後,在步驟116中研磨該材料,較佳利用振動研磨機、磨碎機、噴射式研磨機或其它標準粉碎技術以使中值粒徑減至約0.5微米至10微米範圍內。研磨較佳係以水性漿液進行但亦可以乙醇或另一有機溶劑進行。
隨後在步驟118中對該材料進行噴霧乾燥。在噴霧乾燥製程期間,可利用該技術已知技術將諸如黏結劑與增塑劑之有機添加劑加入漿液。對該材料進行噴霧乾燥以提供適合壓製的顆粒,大小較佳在約10微米至150微米範圍內。
隨後在步驟120中對該等經噴霧乾燥的顆粒進行壓製,較佳藉由單軸或等靜壓壓製以達到盡可能接近X射線理論密度60%之壓製密度。另外,亦可使用其它已知方法(諸如帶鑄造、帶壓光或擠壓)來形成未燒制體。
隨後在步驟122中對該壓製材料進行煅燒處理。較佳地,將該壓製材料置於由不易與石榴石材料反應的材料(諸如氧化鋁)製成的墊板上。於空氣或加壓氧氣中,在約850℃-1000℃下,使該墊板於間歇窯或隧道窯中加熱以獲得緻密陶瓷壓塊。該步驟中亦可使用其它已知處理技術,諸如感應加熱。
該緻密陶瓷壓塊在步驟124中進行機器加工以得到適宜或特定應用尺寸。
根據本公開案中較佳實施例製得的改質合成石榴石組合物可在用於磁微波應用的大量不同設備(例如基於鐵氧體的隔離器、循環器及諧振器)中用作一種鐵氧體材料。隔離器與循環器為所有蜂巢式基站所需以引導RF能量並防止能量倒流及破壞電路元件。本文所揭示的改質合成石榴石材料係經設計以降低磁諧振線寬及提高循環器與隔離器中鐵氧體的介電常數,從而使循環器元件小型化。
圖8圖示併入本文所揭示的改質合成石榴石組合物之循環器800之一實例。如圖8所示,該循環器800具有置於一對圓柱形磁鐵806、808之間之一對鐵氧體盤802、804。該等鐵氧體盤802、804較佳係由至少一部份釔被取代的改質合成石榴石組合物製成。在一實施例中,該組合物可由式Bix
Cay+2z
Y3-x-y-2z
Fe5-y-z
Zry
Vz
O12
表示,其中x係大於或等於0.5且小於或等於1.4;y係大於或等於0.3且小於或等於0.55;及z係大於或等於0且小於或等於0.6。該等磁鐵806、808可經配置以產生穿過鐵氧體盤之實質軸向場線。較佳地,該等鐵氧體盤具有11Oe或更小的磁諧振線寬。
圖9顯示一電信基站體系900,其包括一收發器902、一合成器904、一RX過濾器906、一TX過濾器908及磁性隔離器910與一天線912。該等磁性隔離器910可併入一單通道PA及連接化、積體三平板或微帶帶缐。在較佳實施例中,該等磁性隔離器910包括至少部份釔根據本專利申請書描
述的特定實施例取代及具有與傳統合成石榴石等效的磁特性之改質之合成石榴石材料。
雖然闡述了本發明之特定實施例,但該等實施例僅係以實例呈示,並無意限制本專利申請書的範圍。實際上,本文描述的該等新穎組合物、方法及體系可以各種其他形式體現;而且,以本文描述的組合物、方法及體系形式之各種疏漏、取代及變化可在不脫離本專利申請書的精神下進行。隨附請求項及其等等效項意涵蓋屬於本專利申請書的範圍及精神之該等形式或修改。
800...循環器
802...鐵氧體盤
804...鐵氧體盤
806...圓柱形磁鐵
808...圓柱形磁鐵
900...電信基站體系
902...收發器
904...合成器
906...RX過濾器
908...TX過濾器
910...磁性隔離器
912...天線
圖1描述基於釔之石榴石晶格結構;圖2為描述材料特性變化對由式Y2.15-2x
Bi0.5
Ca0.35+2x
Zr0.35
Vx
Fe4.65-x
O12
(其中x=0.1至0.8)表示的晶體組合物中釩的不同含量之圖;圖3為描述材料特性變化對由式Bi0.9
Ca0.9x
Y2.1-0.9x
(Zr0.7
Nb0.1
)x
Fe5-0.8x
O12
(其中x=0.5至1.0)表示的晶體組合物中(Zr,Nb)的不同含量之圖;圖4A-4G為描述在由式Bi0.9
Ca0.9+2x
ZR0.7
Nb0.1
Vx
Fe4.2-x
O12
(其中x=0-0.6)表示之晶體組合物中釩的不同含量下燃燒溫度與各種性質間的關係之圖;圖5為描述最佳線寬對在由式Bi0.9
Ca0.9+2x
Zr0.7
Nb0.1
Vx
Fe4.2-x
O12
(其中x=0-0.6)表示的晶體組合物中具有不同釩含量的組合物之圖;圖6為顯示由式Bi1.4
Ca0.55+2x
Y1.05-2x
Zr0.55
Vx
Fe4.45-x
O12
(其中x=0-0.525)表示的晶體組合物的性質之圖;
圖7顯示一較佳實施例之製造經改質之合成石榴石之製程流程;
圖8為併入一較佳實施例之經改質之合成石榴石材料之循環器之示意圖;及
圖9為併入圖8之隔離器之電信體系之示意圖。
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (10)
- 一種併入改質石榴石結構之微波器件,該結構含有由式Bi(Y,Ca)2 Fe4.2 MI 0.4 MII 0.4 O12 表示的組合物,其中MI 處於該石榴石的八面體位點且可選自由In、Zn、Mg、Zr、Sn、Ta、Nb、Fe、Ti、Sb及其等組合組成之群,其中MII 處於該石榴石的四面體位點且可選自由Ga、W、Mo、Ge、V、Si及其等組合組成之群。
- 如請求項1之微波器件,其中該器件為隔離器。
- 如請求項1之微波器件,其中該器件為循環器。
- 如請求項1之微波器件,其中該器件為諧振器。
- 如請求項3之微波器件,其中該循環器包含一對由該改質石榴石結構而得之鐵氧體盤。
- 一種改質石榴石結構,該結構含有由式Bi(Y,Ca)2 Fe4.2 MI 0.4 MII 0.4 O12 表示的組合物,其中MI 處於該石榴石的八面體位點且可選自由In、Zn、Mg、Zr、Sn、Ta、Nb、Fe、Ti、Sb及其等組合組成之群,其中MII 處於該石榴石的四面體位點且可選自由Ga、W、Mo、Ge、V、Si及其等組合組成之群。
- 一種形成改質石榴石結構之方法,其包含:提供包含氧化物、碳酸鹽或其組合之材料;摻合該材料以形成混合物;在介於100-400℃之溫度下乾燥該混合物;篩分該經乾燥之混合物;在介於800-1000℃之溫度下煅燒該經篩分之混合物; 將該經煅燒之材料研磨成粒徑為約0.5微米至10微米;將該經研磨之材料噴霧乾燥以形成顆粒;壓製該顆粒;及在介於約850-1000℃之溫度下煅燒該經壓製之顆粒以形成由下式表示之組合物:Bi(Y,Ca)2 Fe4.2 MI 0.4 MII 0.4 O12 ,其中MI 處於該石榴石的八面體位點且可選自由In、Zn、Mg、Zr、Sn、Ta、Nb、Fe、Ti、Sb及其等組合組成之群,其中MII 處於該石榴石的四面體位點且可選自由Ga、W、Mo、Ge、V、Si及其等組合組成之群。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中煅燒該經篩分之混合物係在介於約900-950℃之溫度下。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中該研磨係以振動研磨機、磨碎機或噴射式研磨機所進行。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中於煅燒經壓製之顆粒前,該經壓製之顆粒具有約60%之密度。
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