TWI445557B - To induce new bone formation around the implant compositions - Google Patents
To induce new bone formation around the implant compositions Download PDFInfo
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- TWI445557B TWI445557B TW100118163A TW100118163A TWI445557B TW I445557 B TWI445557 B TW I445557B TW 100118163 A TW100118163 A TW 100118163A TW 100118163 A TW100118163 A TW 100118163A TW I445557 B TWI445557 B TW I445557B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/716—Glucans
- A61K31/722—Chitin, chitosan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/1808—Epidermal growth factor [EGF] urogastrone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
- A61P23/02—Local anaesthetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
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Description
本發明係有關於一種用以誘導骨生成之組合物,尤其是關於一種用以誘導植入物周圍新骨生成的組合物。
移植骨的骨引導作用(osteoconduction),乃指移植骨於骨缺損區提供支架讓骨前質細胞(osteoprogenitor cells)攀爬於其上,再經由增殖及分化成為造骨細胞(osteoblast),然後才有骨生成。骨誘導(osteoinduction)則是指移植骨具有誘導四周間葉細胞(mesenchymal cell)或是血液來的骨髓幹細胞分化成為骨前質細胞的能力。
最好的骨移植材莫過於從自己身上取得的自體骨移植(autologous bone graft),其優點包括它在移植過程中可能持續細胞的活性,並且不會有疾病傳染的問題;但自體骨移植取得的量有限,而且供給部位可能會有術後疼痛及流血等問題,故多年來學者不斷地在找尋另一種良好的移植骨以補其之不足。為此,及有人提出一種藉由將脫鈣的牛骨植入老鼠肌肉之中,以誘發新骨產生。之後,許多的研究便致力於將脫鈣冷凍乾燥異體移植骨運用於牙周骨缺損處理的研究上,結果發現它確實具有促進骨生成的效果。
雖然脫鈣冷凍乾燥異體移植骨可用於骨缺損的處理上,藉以促進骨生成,為其卻具有異體移植骨中殘存的蛋白質可能會造成的抗原免疫反應的缺點,以及異體移植骨可能遭受微生物污染(例如,狂牛症)等問題。因此,尋找一種可用以取代異體移植骨來誘導骨生成,以處理骨缺損的替代物便成為一件極為重要的事。
習知幾丁聚醣(chitosan)係為一重要組成的複雜聚合多醣,係由幾丁質經過高溫、高濃度酸鹼溶液經去乙醯化而製得,幾丁質在自然界中是僅次於纖維素的多醣類,廣泛存在於動植物中。習知的研究報告已指出幾丁聚醣可用以促進細胞的貼附與生長,或是做為遞送藥物的載體。然而,幾丁聚醣薄膜的降解速率過快、膨潤度過大,因而使得以幾丁聚醣薄膜製成的敷料有使用週期短的問題。
為解決習知技術所存在的問題,本發明之目的即在於提供用以誘導骨生成,且具有良好的生物相容性之組合物,藉以避免習知異體移植骨於動物體內所引發之抗原免疫反應。
本發明之又一目的係在於提供一種用於骨整合(osseointegration)之骨新生材料之用途。
根據本發明所指出之一種用以誘導植入物周圍新骨生成的組合物,係包含一去乙醯化程度約為70%~90%的幾丁聚醣及一膠原蛋白,且進一步可包含一藥理上可接受之載體,並可包含抗菌素、局部表面麻醉藥物、能促進上皮細胞增殖的因子或是前述的任意組合。以本發明組合物處理骨缺損時,可刺激骨缺損處的骨細胞再生,藉以進行骨修復。
由於習知幾丁聚醣具有良好的生物相容性,與生物體細胞接觸時並不會引起抗原免疫反應,目前已被廣泛的應用於作為具生物相容性的醫工材料使用。因此,本發明組合物的該膠原蛋白係以一薄膜形式存在,並吸收該幾丁聚醣於該膠原蛋白薄膜內,來處理哺乳動物體內的骨細胞再生亦不會引起習知異體移植骨可能於動物體內所引發之抗原免疫反應。再者,幾丁聚醣與膠原蛋白的原料取得方便,故以其所製得之組合物,可大幅降低進行骨缺損修復的成本。
本發明將藉由參考下列的實施方式做進一步的說明,在此所述之實施方式並不限制本發明前面所揭示之內容。熟習本發明之技藝者,可做些許之改良與修飾,但仍不脫離本發明之範疇。
定義
本發明所使用之「約」一詞,係為±5%的數值範圍。
根據本發明所提及一種誘導植入物周圍新骨生成的組合物,係包含一去乙醯化程度約為70%~90%的幾丁聚醣及一膠原蛋白;其中該植入物為一鈦植入物。為方便本發明組合物的施用,本發明組合物中亦可進一步包含一藥理上可接受之載體。該藥理上可接受之載體於本發明中並沒有特別的限制,只要是任何習知可應用於醫藥組合物中作為載體使用者,皆可被應用於本發明中。另外,本發明組合物也可進一步包含抗菌素、局部表面麻醉藥物、能促進上皮細胞增殖的因子或是前述的任意組合。
可應用於本發明中前述之幾丁聚醣,於本發明中並沒有特別的條件限制,根據習知對幾丁聚醣之定義,其通常具有如下式一所示之結構式:
又,可應用於本發明中之幾丁聚醣,例如可藉由幾丁質經去乙醯化程序所製備。根據習知對幾丁質之定義,其通常具有如下式二所示之結構式:
前述可應用於本發明中之幾丁聚醣的去乙醯化程度,於本發明中並沒有特別的限制,但基於考量習知對幾丁聚醣去乙醯化程度的定義,其去乙醯化程度較佳為70%以上,更佳為80%以上,最佳為90%以上。
習知幾丁聚醣為一高分子聚合物,其通常具有數萬道耳頓(Dalton,Da)以上的分子量,而可應用於本發明中之幾丁聚醣的分子量較佳為5~1,000千道耳頓(kDa),更佳為100~1,000千道耳頓(kDa)。
本發明組合物以相對重量比計,該幾丁聚糖的含量為0.15%;在本發明一較佳實施例中,膠原蛋白係以薄膜形式存在,並吸收該幾丁聚醣於該膠原蛋白薄膜內。本發明組合物可應用於骨整合(osseointegration)之骨新生材料之用途,作為一種一個體內植入物表面的包覆物,前述個體係為一哺乳動物。
本發明組合物除可有效的誘導骨細胞生成外,尚具有良好的生物相容性,及於使用時不會於生物體中引起不必要的抗原免疫反應等特點。這均顯示本發明組合物極適合用以誘導骨生成,以處理骨缺損。
取一小型純鈦製備的植入物,將其表面以習知方法包覆一層第一型膠原蛋白膜。
取分子量為450 kDa與750 kDa,且去乙醯化程度大於90%的幾丁聚醣(Primex Ingredients AS,Avaldenes,Norway)進行測試。以去離子水配製濃度為20 mg/mL的維生素C水溶液。將15 mg的幾丁聚醣粉末加入10 mL的維生素C溶液中以製備0.15%的幾丁聚醣溶液。先將尺寸為3mm x 5mm第一型膠原蛋白膜(,Integra Life Sciences,Carlsbad,CA,USA)浸漬於吸收10 mL前述幾丁聚醣溶液,以使幾丁聚醣被吸附於第一型膠原蛋白膜中,前述第一型膠原蛋白膜接著包覆小型純鈦植入物(1.6mm diameter and 3mm length;Biodent,Tokyo,Japan),藉以製得一表面包覆有已吸附幾丁聚醣之第一型膠原蛋白膜的小型純鈦植入物。
各實驗組包含15個包覆已吸附450 kDa或750 kDa幾丁聚醣之第一型膠原蛋白膜的植入物。負控制組則為15個包覆浸濕維生素C溶液之第一型膠原蛋白膜的植入物。
取5週齡15隻SD雄性小鼠,將前述實驗組與負控制組的小型純鈦植入物植入老鼠背部皮下區域,以0.01mL/100g體重的劑量使用檸檬酸吩坦尼(fentanyl citrate,0.315 mg/mL)與fluanisone(10 mg/mL)肌肉注射的組合物進行麻醉。由前述15隻小鼠中隨機選擇5隻小鼠進行全包埋染色,以初步檢驗新生骨的形成。
由前述五隻小鼠取得的植入體周圍組織經由全包埋染色(Whole Mount Staining),於450 kDa和750 kDa的幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物實驗組顯示出強的茜素紅(Alizarin red)染色,參見第1圖的(A)及(B)。負控制組係於植入物表面包覆第一型膠原蛋白膜,其植入物週圍組織並未顯示任何茜素紅染色,參見第1圖的(C)。該結果強烈表達出在幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物實驗組有鈣化結構。然而,阿爾襄藍染劑(Alcian blue)卻顯示於幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物實驗組及負控制組均無軟骨生成(chondrogenesis)。各組植入物正染色結果的比值見於表1。
於六週後犧牲全體老鼠取出植入物及周圍組織。茜素紅(Alizarin red)與阿爾襄藍染劑(Alcian blue)係用於觀察4個組中純鈦植入物表面週圍之可見有軟骨生成及骨質生成(osteogenesis)的組織。一旦於幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物之二個實驗組的全包埋染色鑑定出骨結構,便進一步地對其餘10隻小鼠進行新誘導骨的組織形態鑑定(histomorphological verification)。
在老鼠犧牲前1與4天,對老鼠注射0.2mg/100g體重的茜素紅(Alizarin red)與0.3mg/100g體重的骨質螢光染劑(Calcein)。取出植入物,並對其表面做組織切片。將組織切片樣品以甲苯胺藍(Toluidine blue,TB)、馬森-戈德納三色染色法(Masson-Goldner Trichrome)或免疫組織化學染色法(immunohistochemistry stain,IHC stain)進行骨橋蛋白(Osteopontin)和鹼性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase)的染色以評估骨的生成。該些樣品經再處理後,與初級抗體亦即抗-骨橋蛋白抗體或抗-鹼性磷酸酶抗體於4℃下培養整夜,該些抗體已確認力價,且最終稀釋比例分別為1:200及1:1000,負控制組則以牛血清蛋白初級抗體代替。
在幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物的二個實驗組(450 kDa或750 kDa)的定性分析之後,進一步藉由顯微鏡放大倍率x200的組織形態分析,作彼此間骨誘導能力的定量比較,用於以下參數:(i)測量枝狀骨(trabecular bone)表面,藉由計算切點(cutting points)的數量,切點是骨組織每一單位體積枝狀表面的區域(Sv:
mm2
/mm3
);(ii)測量枝狀骨體積,藉由計算hits的數量,hits是枝狀骨佔有的體積,以骨髓加上枝狀骨體積佔有的每一區段體積表示(BV/TV:
mm3
/mm3
);以及(iii)枝狀骨平均厚度的判定是當骨生成階段完成,測量在骨生成位點生成的新生骨平均厚度,或是完整結構單元的枝狀表面和骨黏合線(cement lines)之間的平均距離(MWT
:μm)。
膠原蛋白控制組的結果顯示負反應,實驗組中鈣化結構的性質係使用組織形態法進行研究,其包含甲苯胺藍(Toluidine blue,TB)染色、馬森-戈德納三色染色法(Masson-Goldner Trichrome)、與以骨橋蛋白(Osteopontin)和鹼性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase)的免疫組織化學染色法(immunohistochemistry stain,IHC stain)。
二組幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物處理的實驗組小鼠組織中證實有骨形成,在所有組織切片中的甲苯胺藍(Toluidine blue,TB)染色顯示一似骨結構有鈣化骨內骨細胞(osteocytes)的trapped及排列於鈣化骨表面的造骨細胞(osteoblasts),可見於450 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組,參見第2A圖及第2B圖),以及於750 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組,參見第2C圖及第2D圖。這些似骨結構進一步以馬森-戈德納三色染色法(藍色)驗證於第2E圖及第2F圖。
造骨細胞相關蛋白質(骨橋蛋白和鹼性磷酸酶)的表現已由觀察新生骨的組織證實。骨橋蛋白染色係表示早期骨生成活動,而鹼性磷酸酶染色則表示骨生成的鈣化過程。骨橋蛋白的染色結果顯示強正染色廣泛地分佈於450 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組及750 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組,分別參見第3A圖及第3B圖。同樣地,鹼性磷酸酶的染色結果顯示正染色廣泛地分佈於450 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組及750 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組,分別參見第3C圖及第3D圖。前述骨標記蛋白質(骨橋蛋白和鹼性磷酸酶)的出現,證實先前發現的鈣化結構確實為新生骨。
在組織形態分析確認骨生成於450 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組及750 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組後,進一步藉由測量枝狀骨表面(Sv
:mm2
/mm3
),枝狀骨體積(BV/TV
:mm3
/mm3
)及平均厚度(MWT
:μm)進行定量評估。組織形態分析的結果顯示前述三種骨參數的平均值於750 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組略高於450 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組。然而,二實驗組之間的參數差異並未具有統計上的顯著差異,包括:枝狀骨表面(Sv: 1.36±0.39 vs. 1.41±0.59 mm2
/mm3
),枝狀骨體積(BV/TV: 1.36±0.39 vs. 8.34±2.87 mm3
/mm3
)及枝狀骨平均厚度(MWT: 1.54±0.60 vs. 1.72±0.80 μm),詳見表2。
本發明中,幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物相對於負控制組的第一型膠原蛋白膜的結果,顯示於具有促進鈦植入物表面新骨生成的能力。本發明顯示在小鼠皮下區域於鈦植入物周圍的幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物誘導體內的異位,即骨外(extraskeletal)之優異地骨生成(新生)。此結果證明幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物於體內誘導骨新生的可能性。在本發明的體內實驗中,幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物顯示可作為一種骨誘導材料,係基於下列理由:(i)茜素紅(Alizarin red)的全包埋染色證實鈣化結構的形成;(ii)骨結構的組織形態以甲苯胺藍(Toluidine blue,TB)辨別特徵;以及(iii)造骨細胞分泌的蛋白質─骨橋蛋白和鹼性磷酸酶,已藉由免疫組織化學染色法確認。
幾丁聚醣不僅作為一種支架材料,而且也參與誘導新骨的生成。骨誘導為局部未分化細胞轉形(transformation)為骨生成細胞。在本發明中,幾丁聚醣溶解且被吸收於膠原蛋白膜上,其能刺激皮下區域中的異位骨生成,效果類似於第二型重組人類骨型成蛋白(Recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2,rhBMP2),其為一種顯著的骨誘導物質且用於皮下或肌肉內植入於動物模式的組織分析。因此,本發明使用骨誘導(osteoinduction)一詞,並假設幾丁聚醣其N-乙醯麩胺酸鹽基(N-acetylglucosamine)能鍵結至纖維母細胞生長因子並因而刺激血管新生和似造骨細胞的細胞增殖。我們的假設是幾丁聚醣能吸引血小板及周圍組織循環血液之其他骨前質細胞(osteoprogenitor cells)。血小板於植入物位置的隨後活化促進血小板衍生生長因子的釋放例如IGF,TGF-β,PDGF and ECGF(內皮細胞生長因子),前述生長因子有益於新骨生成,依順序活化創傷癒合及骨生成。異位骨新生包含於血小板作用下結締組織內局部間葉幹細胞細胞內分化為骨生成細胞(bone-forming cells)及幾丁聚糖的出現而增加的相關生長荷爾蒙。另外,幾丁聚醣為一具有生物活性的聚合物,但於本發明中不會誘導任何如負控制組可偵測到的異位骨生成。本發明中使用鈦植入物為搭配幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物的載體,係因鈦的優異機械性質及與骨的相容性。
本發明顯示在第六週時,在導入幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物後沒有任何軟骨生成的信號。這可能是與膠原蛋白膜吸收的不同分子量的幾丁聚醣,誘導新骨生成是經由非軟骨生成骨化作用(ossification)過程,可能相似於多孔氫氧磷灰石(hydroxyapatite)的骨誘導機制。
本發明所使用的幾丁聚醣材料,係為無毒性、無免疫反應材料,可在在短短數週內與新骨生成相當的速度進行修復。同樣地,對於膠原蛋白膜的吸收作用也是約六週。本發明評估若於幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物中使用不同分子量的幾丁聚醣可能會造成不同的骨形成速率。組織形態分析顯示骨參數於750 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組略高於450 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組。然而,二實驗組之間的差異並未具有統計上的顯著差異,此顯示關於新骨生成,幾丁聚醣的去乙醯化程度,比起幾丁聚醣的分子量,對於體外細胞型態和造骨細胞的活性更形重要。
本發明顯示幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物能誘導皮下組織純鈦植入物週圍的骨生成。幾丁聚醣分子量不論是450或是750 kDa皆有效。本案組成物未來的應用於促進骨的形成和植入物的骨整合(osseointegration),其中骨整合是人體的骨細胞,生長黏附到植牙表面的緩慢過程。
第1圖為植入物表面鈣化組織的正全包埋染色(positive whole mount stained),其中(A)為450 kDa的幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物實驗組;(B)為750 kDa的幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白組合物實驗組;(C)植入物表面包覆第一型膠原蛋白膜負染色的負控制組;前述以茜素紅(Alizarin red)染色,原始放大倍率為x50。
第2圖係(A)為450 kDa幾丁聚醣-膠原蛋白實驗組的組織切片顯示鈣化結構(箭頭處);(B)為(A)圖的高倍數放大顯示骨細胞(細箭頭)位於鈣化骨內及造骨細胞(粗箭頭)排列於骨表面;(C)為750 kDa幾丁聚醣實驗組的組織切片顯示鈣化結構(箭頭處);(D)為(C)圖的高倍率放大顯示骨細胞(細箭頭)位於鈣化骨內及造骨細胞(粗箭頭)排列於骨表面;(E) 450 kDa幾丁聚醣的組織學切片與(F) 750 kDa幾丁聚醣的組織學切片皆顯示鈣化骨結構(藍色)形成於周圍結締組織內,前述(A)至(D)為甲苯胺藍染色,(E)與(F)為馬森-戈德納三色染色法,原始放大倍率(A)與(C)為x100,(B)與(D)為x400,(E)與(F)為x40。
第3圖係骨橋蛋白(osteopontin)的免疫組織化學染色法顯示強正染色(棕色)廣泛地分佈於450 kDa幾丁聚醣實驗組(A)及750 kDa幾丁聚醣實驗組(B);鹼性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase)的免疫組織化學染色法顯示強正染色(橙色)廣泛地分佈於450 kDa幾丁聚醣實驗組(C)及750 kDa幾丁聚醣實驗組(D);原始放大倍率為x200。
Claims (5)
- 一種用以誘導新骨生成的組合物,係包含一去乙醯化程度約為70%~90%的幾丁聚醣及一膠原蛋白,其中該膠原蛋白係以一薄膜形式存在,並吸收該幾丁聚醣於該膠原蛋白薄膜內。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中該幾丁聚醣的分子量為100~1,000千道耳頓(kDa)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中以相對重量比計,該幾丁聚糖的含量為0.15%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其進一步包含抗菌素、局部表面麻醉藥物、能促進上皮細胞增殖的因子或是前述的任意組合。
- 一種使用如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物之用途,其係作為骨誘導材料。
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TW100118163A TWI445557B (zh) | 2011-05-24 | 2011-05-24 | To induce new bone formation around the implant compositions |
US13/295,306 US20120301508A1 (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2011-11-14 | Compositions for Induction of Osteogenesis around an Implant |
US14/735,502 US10130654B2 (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2015-06-10 | Method of inducing osteogensis and promoting osseointegration around an implant |
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US8784908B1 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2014-07-22 | Vivex Biomedical, Inc. | Composition of a bone repair mixture |
US8962044B2 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2015-02-24 | Vivex Biomedical, Inc. | Radiopaque bone repair mixture and method of use |
US11793452B2 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2023-10-24 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Method of visualizing and quantifying remineralization |
MX2022001532A (es) * | 2019-10-24 | 2022-03-11 | Vishagan Vanangamudi Sulur | Una composicion farmaceutica que contiene antibioticos para curacion de infecciones bacterianas y heridas. |
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US20050125012A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2005-06-09 | Houser Russell A. | Hemostatic patch for treating congestive heart failure |
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US20070059414A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | Novak John S | Method and Process of Using Controlled Gas Environments to Inhibit Microbial Growth |
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US20110218472A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-08 | Iran Polymer And Petrochemical Institute (Ippi) | Non drug based wound dressing polymer film and a method of producing the same |
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