TWI441495B - 在網路上通信的裝置之間建立連接之系統及方法 - Google Patents

在網路上通信的裝置之間建立連接之系統及方法 Download PDF

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TWI441495B
TWI441495B TW099111307A TW99111307A TWI441495B TW I441495 B TWI441495 B TW I441495B TW 099111307 A TW099111307 A TW 099111307A TW 99111307 A TW99111307 A TW 99111307A TW I441495 B TWI441495 B TW I441495B
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Ilya Asnis
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14—Session management
    • H04L67/141—Setup of application sessions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/102—Gateways
    • H04L65/1043—Gateway controllers, e.g. media gateway control protocol [MGCP] controllers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/765—Media network packet handling intermediate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/567—Integrating service provisioning from a plurality of service providers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/18—Multiprotocol handlers, e.g. single devices capable of handling multiple protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls

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Description

在網路上通信的裝置之間建立連接之系統及方法
本發明大體上係關於用於在於一網路上通信之諸裝置之間建立連接之系統及方法。此等系統及方法對在藉由一或多個防火牆而在邏輯上相互分離的諸裝置之間建立連接可能係有用的。在各種實施例中，可使用下文所描述之技術與系統以在諸媒體播放器與跨該網路提供媒體內容之諸易地播放裝置之間建立串流連接，然而等效概念可容易地應用於任意數目之其他應用及設定。
網際網路及其他數位通信網路繼續對個人生活及職業生涯的每一態樣產生重要影響。由於可攜計算裝置之減小的成本及性能的增加，及行動電話與其他無線通信技術之增加的流行度及性能，及其他因素，網路通信正變得愈來愈普遍。因此，在不考慮資料、娛樂及其他媒體之實體或地址接近度下，消費者愈來愈期望存取此內容。
作為一實例，消費者已對允許在除該觀看者之原來的電視機之外的諸位置遠端觀看電視或其他媒體內容之「易地播放裝置」表現出明顯興趣。諸易地播放裝置通常封包化可在一區域網路或廣域網路上傳輸至一可攜式電腦、行動電話、個人數位助理、遠端電視或可對觀看者播放經封包化之媒體串流之其他遠端裝置之媒體內容。因此，易地播放允許消費者自遠端位置(諸如其他房間、旅館、辦公室及/或可攜式媒體播放器裝置可獲得對一無線通信網路或其他通信網路存取之任何其他位置)觀看其等之媒體內容。其他媒體或其他資料密集型應用程式類似地享有廣泛的消費者興趣。
雖然現代計算及網路技術允許增加的行動性及對期望內容之經改良存取，但是通常在存取與安全之間存在一取捨。雖然防火牆與其他結構可有效保護網路安全，但是此等相同結構可具有阻止存取期望服務之非期望效果。為使用易地播放作為一實例，若一防火牆或其他安全結構存在於希望通信之兩個實體之間，則在一易地播放裝置與一媒體播放器之間建立一連接可能極具挑戰性。除了阻止對該安全網路之非期望存取之外，一防火牆另外可能阻止對易地播放裝置或其他裝置之合法及期望存取，特別係在使用者不正確或不完整地組態該防火牆之情況下。
在諸用戶端與用於易地播放、媒體串流及/或其他應用之諸伺服器之間有效建立連接中常常出現挑戰。因此需要建立用於跨一網路在諸用戶端與諸伺服器之間可靠且便利地建立連接之諸系統及方法。從結合諸隨附圖式與此背景部分之隨後詳細描述及隨附申請專利範圍，此等及其他期望特徵及特性將變得顯而易見。
根據各種例示性實施例，描述用於在各自經由一網路通信之用戶端裝置與伺服器裝置之間建立連接之諸系統及方法。在一些實例中可使用下文描述之特定方法及技術以在存在防火牆或直接網路連接之其他阻礙時在諸媒體播放器與諸易地播放裝置之間建立媒體串流連接。其他實施例可等效地用於其他設定，包含與媒體串流或類似物相關之任何設定。
在各種實施例中，提供一種在各自經由一網路通信之一媒體播放器與一易地播放裝置之間建立一媒體串流連接之方法。一中繼伺服器接收與該媒體播放器相關聯之一第一請求及與該易地播放裝置相關聯之一第二請求。回應於接收該第一請求與該第二請求，在該中繼伺服器與該媒體播放器之間建立一第一連接且在該中繼伺服器與該易地播放裝置之間建立一第二連接。將由該中繼伺服器在該第一連接與該第二連接之各者上接收之資料中繼至該第一連接與該第二連接之另一者上，以藉此經由該中繼伺服器在該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間建立該媒體串流連接。
在其他實施例中，提供一種經由一中繼伺服器在各自經由一網路通信之一用戶端裝置與一伺服器裝置之間建立一連接之方法。首先跨該網路在該用戶端與該伺服器之間嘗試一無連接會期。若該無連接會期不成功，則引導該用戶端與該伺服器以經由該網路聯絡該中繼伺服器，其中該伺服器係藉由在該網路上經由一預先存在的連接而傳輸之一訊息引導。回應於該用戶端與伺服器，隨後聯絡該中繼伺服器，在該中繼伺服器與該用戶端之間建立一第一連接且在該中繼伺服器與該伺服器之間建立一第二連接。接著將由該中繼伺服器在該第一連接與該第二連接之各者上接收之資料中繼至該第一連接與該第二連接之另一者，以藉此經由該中繼伺服器在該用戶端與該伺服器之間建立該連接。
在又其他實施例中，提供一種用於在各自經由一網路通信之一媒體播放器與一易地播放裝置之間建立一媒體串流連接之系統。一中繼管理器模組係經組態以接收一請求以在該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間建立該媒體串流連接。一中繼執行個體模組係經組態以回應於該請求而與該媒體播放器建立一第一連接且與該易地播放裝置建立一第二連接，且將在該第一連接與該第二連接之各者上接收之資料中繼至該第一連接與該第二連接之另一者，以藉此在該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間建立該媒體串流連接。
下文將更詳細地描述各種實施例、態樣及其他特徵。
下文將結合以下圖式描述諸例示性實施例，其中相同數字表示相同元件。
本發明之以下詳細描述本質上僅為例示性且不意欲限制本發明或本申請案及本發明之用途。此外，不希望受到在先前背景或以下詳細描述中所提出之任何理論的束縛。
根據各種實施例，一中繼伺服器可與一用戶端及一伺服器建立單獨的連接以在一直接連接不可用時有效橋接該兩個裝置之間之通信。一中繼伺服器可與一媒體播放器及與一易地播放裝置建立單獨的連接，舉例而言，且可隨後按需在該兩個連接之間中繼資料。此外，雖然可使用任何協定或技術實施在該中繼伺服器與該用戶端及該伺服器之任一者或兩者之間建立的該兩個連接，但是在一些實施方案中，該等連接為發源於該防火牆之後之可靠連接(例如，傳輸控制協定(TCP)連接)。藉由提供可在與該用戶端及伺服器之兩個單獨的連接之間中繼資訊，使用者具備一非常可靠的機制以輕鬆建立用戶端-伺服器連接。此外，在許多實施方案中，可容易地自動化組態此一連接所需之大量資訊，藉此大幅改良諸用戶端與諸伺服器之間之成功連接的可能性，同時降低與組態此等連接相關聯之複雜度(且因此降低挫敗)。
雖然以下描述通常為了圖解的便利參考諸易地播放裝置及諸技術，但是等效實施例可在任意數目之其他設定中應用本文所描述之該等相同結構及方法。事實上，本文所描述之該等技術可容易地用於在任何類型之網路上在任何類型之用戶端及/或伺服器之間建立通信。此等應用之實例可包含任何類型之媒體串流應用、任何類型之媒體共用或儲存應用、或一用戶端嘗試與經由一防火牆或其他安全機制而與該用戶端邏輯地隔離之一伺服器建立一連接之任何其他類型之應用。
現在轉到該等圖式且首先參考圖1，用於在一網路110上在一用戶端102與一伺服器104之間建立一連接之一例示性網路系統100適宜地包含一中繼系統116，該中繼系統116在單獨與用戶端102及伺服器104建立之兩個連接之間中繼資料。因此即使一防火牆106將以其他方式阻止用戶端102與伺服器104之間的直接通信，系統100亦使用中繼系統116而允許用戶端102與伺服器104通信，如在下文之更全面描述。
用戶端102為能夠經由網路110接收由一或多個伺服器104所提供之串流、基於檔案之資料及/或其他資料之任何裝置、組件、模組、硬體、軟體及/或其他網路節點。可使用任何類型之硬體、軟體、韌體及/或類似物(包含任何類型之通用或專用計算平台)實施用戶端102。在各種實施例中，用戶端102為一個人電腦(例如，一「膝上型電腦」或類似可攜式電腦，但是亦可使用桌上型電腦)、一行動電話、一個人數位助理、一視訊轉換器(STB)、一任何類型之音訊/視訊接收器、一視訊遊戲機、一導航裝置、一個人媒體播放器(諸如可購自法國伊尼(Igny)的Archos公司之ARCHOS產品)或類似物。在許多實施例中，用戶端102為一通用計算裝置，其包含可安全連接至伺服器104(如下文之更全面描述)且視情況接收內容並將內容呈現給該裝置之使用者之一媒體播放器或軟體或韌體中之其他應用。然而，在其他實施例中，用戶端102係可經由網路110之任何部分接收資料且解碼該經接收資料以對使用者提供一合適的輸出(例如，一電視或其他顯示器上之一輸出)之一獨立裝置或其他單獨硬體裝置。可用於一些實施例中之一獨立媒體接收器產品之一實例為可購自加利福尼亞，福斯特市之Sling Media之SLINGCATCHER產品，但是可等效地使用其他產品。
伺服器104為可在網路110上傳輸經封包化之資料之任何組件、硬體、軟體邏輯及/或類似物。在一些實施例中，該經封包化之資料為MPEG、Quicktime、Windows Media、Real Media或任何其他格式之媒體內容之一經封包化串流，但是亦可在其他實施例中等效地應用任何類型之串流、基於檔案之資料及/或其他資料。可使用任何類型之通用或專用硬體、軟體及/或韌體(包含任何類型之習知個人電腦、工作站或其他伺服器系統)來實施伺服器104。
可使用可購自加利福尼亞，福斯特市之Sling Media之各種SLINGBOX產品來實施適合用於易地播放應用中之伺服器104之若干實例，但是可在其他實施例中使用其他產品或伺服器104。許多不同類型之易地播放裝置通常可自一外部源(諸如，任何種類之數位視訊錄影機(DVR)、視訊轉換器(STB)、電纜或衛星節目源、DVD播放器及/或類似物)接收媒體內容。在其他實施例中，伺服器104可經整合具有任何類型之內容接收或其他性能。伺服器104可為一混合式STB或其他接收器，例如，其亦提供轉碼及易地播放特徵。此一裝置可接收編碼接收自一天線、數據機、伺服器及/或其他源之電視節目或其他內容的衛星信號、電纜信號、廣播信號及/或其他信號。該接收器可進一步解調變或者解碼該等經接收信號以提取可視情況供當地觀看及/或移位至一遠端用戶端102之節目。此等裝置亦可包含一內容資料庫，該內容資料庫係儲存在一硬碟驅動器、記憶體或其他儲存媒體上以視情況支援一個人視訊錄影機或數位視訊錄影機(DVR)特徵或其他內容庫。因此，在一些實施例中，一媒體源可與伺服器104實體地及/或邏輯地包含在一共同組件、外殼或底盤中。於美國專利公開案第2006/0095471號中描述習知易地播放功能、特徵、系統及結構之諸實例，但是可連同除該特定公開案中所描述之技術及結構之外之任意數目之其他技術及結構等效地應用本文所描述之該等特徵。
在又其他實施例中，伺服器104係在一習知計算系統(例如，一個人電腦)上執行之一軟體程式、小應用程式(applet)或其他程式。在此等實施例中，伺服器104可編碼(例如)通常提供給該計算系統之一使用者的一螢幕顯示之一些或全部以易地播放至一遠端位置。可提供此功能之一裝置為可購自加利福尼亞州福斯特市之Sling Media之Sling Projector產品，該產品在一習知個人電腦上執行，但是亦可使用其他產品。此外，用於系統100中之用戶端102與伺服器104之類型不限於易地播放裝置；可等效地應用可在網路100上通信之任何其他用戶端102及伺服器104。
在其他實施例中，伺服器104在網路110上僅提供串流、基於檔案及/或任何其他類型的資訊，包括對資料庫詢問或類似物之回應。如上文所述，該等現有特徵不限於易地播放應用，且可與任何習知伺服器104裝置或操作於網路110上之應用一起使用。
網路110為可在發送器(例如，伺服器104)與接收器(例如，用戶端102)之間傳輸訊息之任何數位或其他通信網路。在各種實施例中，網路110包含支援任意數目之通信協定之任意數目之公共或私有資料連接、鏈路或網路。網路110可包含網際網路，(例如)或基於TCP/IP或其他習知協定之任何其他網路。在各種實施例中，網路110亦併入一無線及/或有線電話網路，諸如用於與行動電話、個人數位助理及/或類似物通信之一蜂巢式通信網路。網路110亦可併入任何類型之無線區域網路或有線區域網路，諸如一或多個IEEE 802.3網路及/或IEEE 802.11網路。
如上文所述，歸因於一或多個防火牆106之存在，用戶端102與伺服器104之間之直接連接可能非始終可用。防火牆106代表任何類型之硬體、軟體及/或硬體與軟體之組合，其係用於限制一用戶端102與一伺服器104之間的連接。在一些實例中可使用專門硬體來實施防火牆106，但是在其他情形中，可使用伺服器及/或用戶端系統、路由器控制(例如，存取控制清單(ACL))及/或類似物之一結構來實施防火牆106。一防火牆通常僅為在一路由器(諸如用於按需在一家庭LAN或辦公室LAN與一電纜、光纖件、數位用戶線(DSL)及/或其他提供者連接之間提供一介面之一路由器)內實施之一特徵。
當一防火牆106或其他特徵阻止用戶端102與伺服器104之間之直接連接時，則可嘗試用於建立連接之其他技術。舉例而言，一中介伺服器112可用於使用使用者資料包協定(UDP)或類似物支援連接。中介伺服器112因此用作為在用戶端102與伺服器104之間建立間接連接之一種「閘道管理器」機器，其處置用戶端與伺服器之間之同步細節同時與系統100之剩餘部分通信。
在許多實施方案中，中介伺服器112可與用戶端102與伺服器104兩者建立UDP或其他無連接會期。當一用戶端102請求連接已與該中介伺服器通信之一伺服器104時，該經提出之會期的雙方通常可簡單交換UDP(或其他)參數且繼續通信。此技術通常稱為「UDP穿孔(UDP Hole Punching)」，且通常基於習知網路位址轉譯(NAT)技術。然而，此等技術通常不成功，特別係在該用戶端102與伺服器104係藉由一相對完善的防火牆106(例如，與許多公司網路相關聯之一防火牆)而分離時，該防火牆可在該用戶端102假定先前與伺服器112一起使用之參數之後辨識起初涉及建立該UDP會期之一方(例如，中介伺服器112)不再是涉及通信之該方。此外，UDP或類似會期可包含使用者之一些手動組態，該等組態可能不太便利且經常比較困難，尤其是對於相對生疏的使用者。當直接連接或UDP類型代理器服務皆不為使用者可用時，將希望提供仍允許該用戶端102與伺服器104通信之一額外連接特徵。
各種實施例因此提供一中繼系統116，該中繼系統116可與該用戶端102及該伺服器104建立單獨連接，且在該兩個連接之間中繼資訊以藉此在該用戶端102與伺服器104之間建立一橋式連接。為達此目的，中繼系統116適宜地包含一或多個中繼伺服器120，該一或多個中繼伺服器120可在任意數目之用戶端102與伺服器104之間建立各種連接且處理該等連接。在各種實施例中，各中繼伺服器120包含調用任意數目之中繼執行個體124之一中繼管理器模組122，該等中繼執行個體124回應於所接收之連接請求處理中繼會期，如在下文之更詳細描述。中繼管理器模組122亦可與一資料庫126及/或一管理介面128交互作用以控制對中繼功能的存取，以按需實施商業規則及/或採取其他行動。
在各種實施例中，亦可提供負載平衡118以高效且有效分配中繼伺服器120及/或其他資源。可使用硬體及/或軟體資源之任何組合實施負載平衡118，且負載平衡118可視情況基於網路訊務、伺服器120上的處理器負載、用戶端102及/或伺服器104之地理分佈，及/或任何其他因素。
在各種實施例中，使用習知電腦伺服器硬體及軟體實施各中繼伺服器120。舉例而言，可使用基於任何處理器、結構及/或作業系統之一伺服器電腦系統實施各中繼伺服器120。在各種實施例中，各中繼伺服器120係執行一作業系統(諸如LINUX、UNIX、SOLARIS、NETWARE、WINDOWS、OS/X、AIX或其他作業系統及/或類似物之任何版本)的一實際電腦系統或虛擬電腦系統。各種UNIX/LINUX作業系統通常提供一計算核心，該計算核心可按需執行作為一應用程式之一中繼管理器模組122以及任意數目之背景程式、程序、應用程式或其他中繼執行個體模組124。在一例示性實施例中，使用可購自加利福尼亞，森尼維耳市的Sun Microsystems的JAVA環境來實施中繼管理器模組122，該等中繼執行個體模組124係使用習知C、C++或其他程式來實施。其他實施例可使用任何其他程式語言、指令碼語言、開發或執行環境及/或類似物來實施系統116之各種組件。
在一例示性實施例中，當一中繼連接之一請求係接收自一中介伺服器112、用戶端102及其他請求方時，該中繼管理器模組122分配伺服器120上的進入埠數目至該連接且調用一新的中繼執行個體124以處理該連接。該執行個體接收該等經指派之埠數目且等待直到該用戶端102及伺服器104兩者已聯絡該中繼伺服器120以請求連接。在系統116上接收來自用戶端102與伺服器104之諸請求且藉由負載平衡特徵118或類似物將該等請求轉遞至合適的埠。雖然可使用TCP、UDP或任何其他協定來建立諸連接，但是在各種實施例中，該等連接係使用TCP協定由用戶端102及伺服器104而引起以援助穿過可能正在干涉的任何防火牆106。因為大多數防火牆106不阻擋源自被信任網路內之TCP連接，故此等連接在透過該中繼伺服器120建立通信方面可為非常有效。
在與用戶端102及伺服器104建立單獨連接之後，中繼執行個體124適宜地將在各連接上接收之資料中繼至另一連接以在用戶端102與伺服器104之間建立一虛擬通道。可基於任何準則維持此虛擬連接或在任何時間終止該虛擬連接。在各種實施例中，中繼執行個體125追蹤自該連接開始之所流逝時間及/或在該連接之整個進程中所處理的資料量。可與中繼管理器122共用此資訊以在一預先確定的時段之後或已處理一預先確定量之訊務之後終止該連接。時間及頻寬消耗可進一步儲存在資料庫126中以允許進一步鑑認、授權及/或類似物。
可以任何方式開始該伺服104與中繼系統116的通信。在各種實施例中，伺服器104在一一致資源定位器(URL)或可在防火牆106之後輕鬆取得聯絡之其他網路位址處與一傳訊伺服器114維持一相對持續的連接。傳訊伺服器114可僅係一TCP伺服器，舉例而言，當伺服器104啟動時可自動存取該傳訊伺服器。在此等情形下，伺服器104一啟動(或在其他時間基礎上)便與該傳訊伺服器114聯絡，建立一TCP連接或類似連接，且接著等待進一步行動。可使用為該TCP協定之部分的相對低的頻寬「保持運行」特徵使此連接保持運行。藉由預先建立自該伺服器104至該傳訊伺服器114之連接，維持即使該伺服器係在一防火牆106之後亦可用於將指令或請求發送至該伺服器104之一通道。這是因為用於防火牆106中之許多路由器將允許源自被信任空間內之輸出TCP連接，同時不允許進入TCP(及其他)連接。在建立自該伺服器104至傳訊伺服器114之一TCP連接或其他連接之後，該預先存在的連接可被用於將一指令傳輸至伺服器104以與該中繼伺服器116建立一單獨的連接。此第二連接可經建立為不可能被防火牆106阻擋之另一輸出TCP(或其他協定)通信。即，傳訊伺服器114可在引導伺服器104單獨與該中繼伺服器聯絡之預先存在的通道上傳輸一指令。此指令可視情況包含關於該用戶端102或請求連接之其他方之資訊，但是此資訊無需存在於所有實施例中。當被指示如此做時，伺服器104與可用於將資料傳輸至用戶端102之中繼伺服器適宜地建立一TCP或其他連接，如在下文之更全面描述。
如上所述，該中繼伺服器116可與該用戶端102及該伺服器104兩者建立連接，使得可自一連接將資料中繼至另一連接。雖然該資料中繼的確對伺服器116產生額外的處理負擔，但是此的確建立用於在該用戶端與伺服器之間建立連接之一非常便利且有效的機制。
現在轉到圖2，其顯示用於在網路110上在一用戶端102與一伺服器104之間建立一連接之一例示性程序200。在此實例中，用戶端102開始嘗試與該伺服器104建立一直接連接202，但是此連接202被防火牆106阻擋。
在嘗試建立一直接連接不成功之後，用戶端102嘗試使用中介伺服器112建立一中介連接205。在此案例中，用戶端102發送訊息204至中介伺服器112以請求與該中介伺服器112之一UDP(或其他)會期210。伺服器104類似地傳輸一請求206以與該中介伺服器112建立一UDP會期208；可在任何時間(包含在用戶端102發送訊息204之前的時間)發送來自伺服器104之此請求206。舉例而言，伺服器104可在啟動之後自動利用訊息206與中介伺服器112聯絡，使得當用戶端102請求存取伺服器104時一UDP會期208已經可用。在用戶端102與伺服器104兩者與一共同代理器(例如，伺服器112)通信之後，該代理器可將與用戶端102相關聯之UDP(或其他)資訊轉遞至伺服器104，且反之亦然，希望之後該用戶端102與伺服器104可使用來自代理伺服器之共用UDP資訊而直接通信，如圖2中之會期212及213所示。然而，如上所述，許多防火牆106不允許此等連接。
再次想起，伺服器104先前已與一傳訊伺服器114建立一TCP或其他可靠連接214，此預先存在的連接214可用於建立自伺服器104至中繼伺服器116之一中繼連接。當一代理類型連接不成功時，傳訊伺服器114適宜地引導伺服器104(經由訊息218)以開始與中繼系統116之一單獨連接。雖然圖2將訊息218顯示為係自傳訊伺服器114發送至伺服器104，但是可回應於自任意數目之源接收之一請求216而開始此訊息218。在各種實施例中，中介伺服器112將請求216發送至傳訊伺服器114以指示該伺服器104聯絡中繼伺服器116。在其他實施例中，請求216係由該用戶端102傳輸以開始指令訊息218。無論哪種情形，自伺服器104至傳訊伺服器114建立的該預先存在的連接214係視情況用於引導該伺服器104聯絡中繼系統116。當被引導如此做時，伺服器104發送請求220至該中繼伺服器116。在系統116處合適處理此請求220以使用TCP、UDP及/或其他合適協定建立連接226。
可以任何方式在中繼系統116與用戶端102之間建立連接。在圖2所顯示之該例示性實施例中，用戶端102或中介伺服器112開始一請求222，該請求導致中繼伺服器116與用戶端102之間之連接224。當一代理連接不成功時，可回應於自中介伺服器112至用戶端102之一指令開始請求222。然而，在其他實施例中，可以任何方式開始請求222。此外，若用戶端102使用TCP開始該連接，則該繼起的連接224很可能穿過任何干涉防火牆106而無明顯問題。然而，其他實施例可視情況使用UDP或其他協定。
一旦連接224與226在適當位置，則可如上所描述在該中繼連接228上進行用戶端102與伺服器104之間之資料中繼。舉例而言，在一易地播放應用中，可在一連接228上自一易地播放伺服器104提供串流媒體以被播放在一媒體播放器用戶端102上。在此等實施例中，可能期望在中繼傳輸期間限制該媒體串流之位元速率、訊框速率、解析度或其他編碼參數，以減小關於諸伺服器120上的頻寬及處理性能的顧慮。舉例而言，此限制可按需藉由自中繼伺服器116或其他源傳輸至伺服器104之諸指令而強加。或者，無論何時透過中繼伺服器116達成一連接時，伺服器104中之韌體或其他指令可按需組態編碼、串流或其他特徵。此外，除易地播放之外，可考量其他特徵及實施方案。
現在轉到圖3，用於在一用戶端102與一伺服器104之間建立一連接之一例示性方法300適宜地包含下列主要步驟：在一中繼伺服器120上分別自用戶端102與伺服器104接收請求222、220(功能310)；在用戶端102與伺服器104之間建立兩個連接224、226(功能314)；及在該中繼伺服器120上在該兩個連接224、226之間中繼資料(功能316)以建立該中繼連接228。其他實施例亦可提供額外的特徵，諸如批准該中繼連接(功能312)、在超過時間或頻寬限制之後中斷該中繼連接(功能318)，及/或類似物。
如上所述，諸中繼連接的確消耗伺服器120上的資源，因此在許多實施例中，可能期望鼓勵用戶端102在嘗試一中繼連接之前，先嘗試直接連接(功能302及功能304)及/或中介連接(功能306及功能308)。若直接連接及/或中介連接不成功，則可嘗試該中繼連接。可實施任意數目之規則或程序以支配任何特定使用者、用戶端102及/或伺服器104是否可使用該中繼特徵且何時可使用該中繼特徵。在圖3中所顯示之該例示性實施例中，在一直接連接(功能302)及一中介(例如，UDP)連接(功能306)兩者均不成功(功能304、功能308)後，嘗試使用伺服器120之諸中繼連接。其他實施例可在吾等知道(或可確信地假定)一直接連接或中介連接將不成功時，允許使用者手動強加一中繼連接或自動開始一中繼狀態。可將此等特徵編碼至一媒體播放器或在用戶端102上執行之其他用戶端應用程式，及/或可使用儲存在資料庫126或類似物中之商業規則而實施此等特徵。
如上所述，中繼伺服器120回應於分別自伺服器104與用戶端102接收之連接請求220、222而建立該中繼連接228。在一例示性實施例中，一中繼執行個體124監控由該中繼管理器模組122所識別之諸埠一合適時段。若在一合適的超時時段過期之前(例如，在大約數秒級上)先接收諸請求220及222，則繼續處理。若自該用戶端102或伺服器104或其兩者接收不到請求，則該連接失敗。
可根據任何合適規則批准或拒絕連接(功能312)。如上所述，可實施任意數目之商業規則來限制或限定對該中繼伺服器之存取。此等規則可包含將該特徵限於特定使用者、特定伺服器及/或特定用戶端。在又其他實施例中，使用者(或伺服器，或用戶端)可限定於所允許之中繼伺服數目。此一限定可為一總計數目(例如，該用戶端或伺服器之使用期限)，或可在任何合適的時段(例如，每個月十個中繼連接)之後重新設定。
可使用一使用者識別碼/密碼、數位簽章、生物特徵識別或任何其他數位證書來識別使用者。可類似地藉由任何類型的數位證書(包含任何類型的數位簽章或其他識別符(例如，一序號、MAC位址及/或類似物))來識別用戶端102與伺服器104。此資訊可包含在諸請求220及/或222中，且可與按需儲存在資料庫126或其他位置處之資訊比較。在許多實施例中，可由該中繼管理器模組122處理批准，但是其他實施例可按需使用該中繼執行個體124、一管理特徵128及/或任何其他特徵來處理批准。
若授予批准，則該等連接224及226係自該中繼伺服器120而建立(功能314)且可在該中繼連接228上在該用戶端102與伺服器104之間開始中繼資料(功能316)。在各種實施例中，可使用儲存在資料庫126及/或該中繼執行個體124中之資料以根據合適的規則中斷連接228。在一些實例中，可能期望在一預先確定的時段(例如，約三十分鐘，但是其他實施例可使用更長或更短的時間)或已處理一預先確定之資料量之後(例如，每月10 GB或任何其他值)之後中斷所有連接(或僅與特定用戶端、伺服器或使用者相關聯之連接)(功能318)。所實施之該等特定規則及參數將隨實施例而變化；可按需使用資料庫126之規則引擎來實施任意數目之規則。
一般而言，可使用系統100內之任何類型之硬體、軟體及/或韌體邏輯來實施方法300之各種步驟。舉例而言，可由視情況結合任何合適用戶端102及/或伺服器104操作之一中繼伺服器120(圖1)來執行方法300。圖3亦顯示關於嘗試直接及中介連接之功能302、304、306、308，如上所述。實際上，可由用戶端102或伺服器104而不是中繼伺服器120來執行此等特徵。在各種實施例中，可回應於儲存在一記憶體或一磁碟機及/或與中繼伺服器120及/或用戶端102相關聯之其他儲存器上之軟體指令或韌體指令來執行方法300之各種步驟。可由伺服器120、用戶端102及/或類似物內之任何處理器及/或其他處理特徵來執行此等指令。用來實施圖3中所示之各種功能之各者之特定構件可為執行任何形式之習知軟體邏輯之任何種類之處理硬體(諸如，圖1中的伺服器120、用戶端102及/或伺服器104)。
如本文所描述，已描述用於在一數位網路上在諸用戶端與諸伺服器之間建立連接之新的系統及技術。本文所描述之各種技術允許諸用戶端及伺服器與一中繼伺服器單獨建立TCP連接或其他連接，該中繼伺服器可在該兩個連接之間有效中繼資料以在該用戶端與伺服器之間建立一虛擬點對點鏈路。藉由允許該用戶端與該伺服器之各者與一共同中繼服務開始連接，可穿過否則將阻止該用戶端與該伺服器之間的直接連接之諸防火牆，藉此允許在無損網路安全性情況下在該用戶端與伺服器之間進行資料傳送或其他通信。此服務可藉由允許一易地播放伺服器裝置將媒體資料串流至該中繼伺服器，繼而將該所接收之串流中繼至媒體播放器用戶端，而用於支援易地播放或其他串流媒體應用，該中繼伺服器依次。等效實施例可提供傳送任何串流、基於檔案之資料、基於封包之資料或任何格式之其他資料之類型特徵。
本文中之術語「例示性」係用於代表可能具有任意數目替代物之一實例、範例或圖解。本文能所描述之作為例示之任何實施方案不一定係被解釋為優於其他實施方案之較佳或有利之實施方案。雖然在先前之詳細描述中已提出若干例示性實施例，但是應瞭解存在大量替代且等效變動，且本文所提出之該等實例不意欲以任何方式限制本發明之範疇、適用性或組態。相反地，可在不脫離專利申請範圍及其等之合法等效物之範疇下對所描述之元件的功能及配置作出各種改變。
100．．．網路系統
102．．．用戶端
104．．．伺服器
106．．．防火牆
110．．．網路
112．．．中介伺服器
114．．．訊息伺服器
116．．．中繼伺服器
118．．．負載平衡
120．．．伺服器
122．．．中繼管理器模組
124．．．中繼執行個體模組
126．．．資料庫
128．．．管理介面
圖1係用於在一用戶端節點與一伺服器節點之間建立及支援中繼連接之一例示性系統之一方塊圖；
圖2係顯示用於在一用戶端與一伺服器之間可靠地建立連接之一例示性程序之一訊息流程圖；及
圖3係用於在一用戶端節點與一伺服器節點之間建立一中繼連接之一例示性程序之一流程圖。
100．．．網路系統
102．．．用戶端
104．．．伺服器
106．．．防火牆
110．．．網路
112．．．中介伺服器
114．．．傳訊伺服器
116．．．中繼伺服器
118．．．負載平衡
120．．．伺服器
122．．．中繼管理器模組
124．．．中繼執行個體模組
126．．．資料庫
128．．．管理介面

Claims (17)

  1. 一種在各自經由一網路通信之一媒體播放器與一易地播放裝置之間建立一媒體串流連接之方法，該方法包括：由一中繼伺服器接收與該媒體播放器相關之一第一請求及與該易地播放裝置相關之一第二請求；回應於接收該第一請求與該第二請求，在該中繼伺服器與該媒體播放器之間建立一第一連接且在該中繼伺服器與該易地播放裝置之間建立一第二連接，其中一訊息伺服器經組態以使用一基於連接之協定跨該網路與該易地播放裝置建立一預先存在的連接，且其中一訊息跨該預先存在的連接被發送至該易地播放裝置以引導該該易地播放裝置與該中繼伺服器建立該第二連接；及將由該中繼伺服器在該第一連接與該第二連接之各者上接收之資料中繼至該第一連接與該第二連接之另一者上，以藉此經由該中繼伺服器在該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間建立該媒體串流連接。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第一連接與該第二連接係傳輸控制協定(TCP)連接。
  3. 如請求項1之方法，其中該接收回應於該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間的一未成功使用者資料包協定(UDP)連接而發生。
  4. 如請求項1之方法，其中該接收回應於在該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間建立一直接連接之一未成功嘗試而發生。
  5. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括在一預先確定的時間流逝之後中斷該媒體串流連接。
  6. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括在已中繼一預先確定量之資料之後中斷該媒體串流連接。
  7. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括在建立該第一連接與該第二連接之前，先基於與該易地播放裝置、該媒體播放器及該易地播放裝置之一使用者之至少一者相關之識別資訊批准該媒體串流連接。
  8. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括在建立該第一連接與該第二連接之前，先基於包含在該該第一請求與該第二請求之至少一者中之識別資訊批准該媒體串流連接。
  9. 一種經由一中繼伺服器在各自經由一網路通信之一用戶端與一伺服器之間建立一連接之方法，該方法包括：若跨該網路在該用戶端裝置與該伺服器之間建立一無連接會期之一嘗試不成功，則引導該用戶端與該伺服器經由該網路聯絡該中繼伺服器，其中該伺服器係由在該網路上經由一預先存在之連接傳輸之一訊息引導；回應於該用戶端及該伺服器，隨後聯絡該中繼伺服器，在該中繼伺服器與該用戶端之間建立一第一連接且在該中繼伺服器與該伺服器之間建立一第二連接；及將由該中繼伺服器在該第一連接與該第二連接之各者上接收之資訊中繼至該第一連接與該第二連接之另一者，以藉此經由該中繼伺服器在該用戶端與該伺服器之間建立該連接。
  10. 如請求項9之方法，其中該無連接會期係一使用者資料包協定(UDP)會期，且其中該第一連接與該第二連接係傳輸控制協定(TCP)連接。
  11. 一種用於在各自經由一網路通信之一媒體播放器與一易地播放裝置之間建立一媒體串流連接之系統，該系統包括：一中繼管理器模組，其係經組態以接收一請求以在該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間建立該媒體串流連接；及一中繼執行個體模組，其係經組態以回應於該請求而與該媒體播放器建立一第一連接及與該易地播放裝置連接一第二連接，且將在該第一連接與該第二連接之各者上接收之資料中繼至該第一連接與該第二連接之另一者，以藉此在該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間建立該媒體串流連接；及一訊息伺服器，其經組態以使用一基於連接之協定跨該網路與該易地播放裝置建立一預先存在的連接，且跨引導該易地播放裝置以建立該第二連接之該預先存在的連接將一訊息發送至該易地播放裝置。
  12. 如請求項11之系統，其中該第一連接與該第二連接係傳輸控制協定(TCP)連接。
  13. 如請求項11之系統，其進一步包括經組態以儲存資訊之一資料庫，且其中該中繼管理器模組係經組態以基於儲存在該資料庫中之該資訊而允許或不允許該媒體串流連 接。
  14. 如請求項13之系統，其中儲存在該資料庫中之該資訊包括已建立該媒體串流連接之一流逝時間，且其中該中繼管理器模組係經進一步組態以在該流逝時間超過一預先確定值時不允許該媒體串流連接。
  15. 如請求項13之系統，其中儲存在該資料庫中之該資訊包括該易地播放裝置已使用該系統之一總時間，且其中該中繼管理器模組係經進一步組態以在該總時間超過一預先確定的允許值時不允許該媒體串流連接。
  16. 如請求項13之系統，其中該中繼執行個體模組經組態以藉由引導該媒體播放器及該易地播放裝置經由該網路聯絡該中繼執行個體模組而建立該第一及第二連接，且其中該易地播放裝置係由在該網路上經由該預先存在之連接傳輸之該訊息引導。
  17. 如請求項13之系統，其進一步包括一中介伺服器，該中介伺服器係經組態以嘗試使用一無連接協定經由該網路而連接該易地播放裝置與該媒體播放器，且若經由該無連接協定而連接之嘗試未成功，則開始該請求以經由一基於連接之協定在該媒體播放器與該易地播放裝置之間建立該媒體串流連接。
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US8838810B2 (en) 2014-09-16
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US9225785B2 (en) 2015-12-29
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IL215671A0 (en) 2012-01-31
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