TWI434686B - 咪唑-4-酮及咪唑-4-硫酮化合物 - Google Patents
咪唑-4-酮及咪唑-4-硫酮化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI434686B TWI434686B TW097147737A TW97147737A TWI434686B TW I434686 B TWI434686 B TW I434686B TW 097147737 A TW097147737 A TW 097147737A TW 97147737 A TW97147737 A TW 97147737A TW I434686 B TWI434686 B TW I434686B
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
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- phenyl
- alkyl
- pharmaceutical composition
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- JLXZMLLNPNOODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=NC=N1 JLXZMLLNPNOODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 20
- ZZZAXSYNJDCLSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole-4-thione Chemical class S=C1C=NC=N1 ZZZAXSYNJDCLSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 102000018208 Cannabinoid Receptor Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 108050007331 Cannabinoid receptor Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006374 C2-C10 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000019425 cirrhosis of liver Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000001145 Metabolic Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 201000000690 abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 10
- 125000005865 C2-C10alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 6
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;6-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)amino]hexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC(C(=O)NCCCCCC([O-])=O)=CC(OC)=C1OC SNOOUWRIMMFWNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 208000026139 Memory disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 42
- -1 1-methyl-2-butynyl Chemical group 0.000 description 37
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- CYAYCOCJAVHQSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC=1C(C(O)=O)=NN(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)C=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CYAYCOCJAVHQSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004366 heterocycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 6
- OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoac etoac Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCOC(C)=O OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- IRHSDRLPMIMPBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1C=NC(C1(C)C)=O Chemical compound CN1C=NC(C1(C)C)=O IRHSDRLPMIMPBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003402 intramolecular cyclocondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTSVIBZGAFTNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-(methylamino)propanamide Chemical compound CNC(C)(C)C(N)=O YTSVIBZGAFTNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NBZVZUIZZFUSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethylpyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCC=1C(C(=O)OCC)=NN(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)C=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NBZVZUIZZFUSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FQMZXMVHHKXGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-adamantyl)-n-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]quinolin-5-yl]acetamide Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC(C3)CC2CC13CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=NC(NCCNCCO)=CC=C21 FQMZXMVHHKXGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Landscapes
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Description
本發明係關於咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物及其用於治療大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患的方法。
自大麻植物(Cannabis sativa)單離之大麻鹼類(Cannabinoids),數世紀來已認知作為治療劑。例如,其等已使用於止痛、肌肉鬆弛、食慾刺激及抗抽搐。近來的研究亦顯示其等於治療癌之強力的治療效果以及減輕慢性發炎性疾病(例如風濕病與多發性硬化症)之症狀。
大麻鹼類的作用係藉由兩型大麻鹼受體所媒介,CB1與CB2受體,該二型受體屬於G-蛋白-偶合受體(GPCR)超級家族。CB1受體壓倒性地表現於腦中,以媒介傳達子(transmitter)釋放的抑制,以及CB2受體主要地表現於免疫細胞,以媒介免疫回應。參照Matsuda et al.,Nature(1990)346:561以及Munro et al.,Nature(1993)365:61。
相較於其他GPCRs,CB1受體典型地表現較高程度。於中樞神經系統中,其高度表現於大腦皮質、海馬迴、基底神經節及小腦,但於下視丘及脊髓則具有相對低的程度。參照Howlett et al.,Pharmacol Rev(2002)54:161。其功能影響許多神經病學上與心理學上的現象,例如情緒、食慾、嘔吐調控、記憶、肌肉緊張性的空間協調與止痛。參照Goutopoulos et al.,Pharmacol Ther(2002)95:103。除了中樞神經系統之外,CB1受體亦存在於數個周圍器官,例如腸、心、肺、子宮、卵巢、睪丸以及扁桃體。參照et al.,Eur J Biochem(1995)232:54。
CB2受體為44%相同於CB1受體,且於穿膜區域有68%相同性。參照Munro et al.,Nature(1993)365:61。相較於CB1受體,CB2受體具有更多限制的分佈,於腎及扁桃體具有高表現,且於肺、子宮、胰臟、骨髓及胸腺具有低表現。於免疫細胞中,B細胞表現CB2受體為高程度,依序為天然殺手細胞、單核球、多形性核中性球以及T淋巴球。參照et al.,Eur J Biochem(1995)232:54。CB2受體的活化已顯示於相關於神經退化疾病(例如阿茲海默症)之發炎性模式中,具有止痛效果,且於骨密度的維持與動脈硬化損傷的進展扮演要角。參照Malan et al.,Pain(2001)93:239;Benito et al.,J Neurosci(2003)23:11136;Ibrahim et al.,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA(2003)100:10529;Idris et al.,Nat Med(2005)11:774;以及Steffens et al.,Nature(2005)434:782。
本發明根據不預期的發現某些咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物有效於治療大麻鹼受體媒介的疾患。
於一態樣中,本發明關於式(I)化合物:
式(I)中,兩個----
鍵之一者為單鍵且另一者雙鍵;X為O或S;以及R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
及R6
之每一個獨立地為氫、鹵基、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、雜芳基、環烷基、環烯基、雜環烷基或雜環烯基,或R3
及R4
與其等所鍵結之碳原子共同為環烷基、環烯基、雜環烷基、雜環烯基、芳基或雜芳基。
上述化合物之一亞組包括其中X為O之化合物。於該等化合物中,R1
可為芳基或雜芳基(例如苯基或噻吩基);R2
、R3
、R4
及R5
之每一個獨立地為氫或烷基;或R6
可為芳基或雜芳基(例如經鹵基取代之苯基)。
該化合物之另一亞組包括其中X為S之化合物。於該等化合物中,R1
可為芳基或雜芳基(例如苯基或噻吩基);R2
、R3
、R4
及R5
之每一個獨立地為氫或烷基;或R6
可為芳基或雜芳基(例如經鹵基取代之苯基)。
詞語「烷基」意指含有1至20個碳原子(例如C1
-C10
)之直鏈或支鏈單價烴。烷基之例包括但不限於甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基以及第三丁基。詞語「烯基」意指含有2至20個碳原子(例如C2
-C10
)以及一個或更多個雙鍵之直鏈或支鏈單價烴。烯基之例包括但不限於乙烯基、丙烯基以及烯丙基。詞語「炔基」意指含有2至20個碳原子(例如C2
-C10
)以及一個或更多個叁鍵之直鏈或支鏈單價烴。炔基之例包括但不限於乙炔基、1-丙炔基、1-與2-丁炔基以及1-甲基-2-丁炔基。
詞語「環烷基」意指具有3至30個碳原子((例如C3
-C12
)之單價飽和烴環系。環烷基之例包括但不限於環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基及環辛基。詞語「環烯基」意指具有3至30個碳原子((例如C3
-C12
)之單價非芳族烴環系。環烯基之例包括但不限於環戊烯基、環己烯基及環庚烯基。詞語「雜環烷基」意指具有一個或多個雜原子(例如O、N、S或Se)之單價非芳族之5至8員單環、8至12員雙環或11至14員叄環系。雜環烷基之例包括但不限於六氫吡嗪基、吡咯啶基、二氧雜環己基、嗎啉基及四氫呋喃基。詞語「雜環烯基」意指具有一個或多個雜原子(例如O、N、S或Se)以及一個或更多個雙鍵之單價非芳族之5至8員單環、8至12員雙環或11至14員叄環系。
詞語「芳基」意指單價之6-碳單環、10-碳雙環、14-碳叁環芳族環系。芳基之例包括但不限於苯基、萘基及蒽基。詞語「雜芳基」意指具有一個或多個雜原子(例如O、N、S或Se)之單價芳族之5至8員單環、8至12員雙環或11至14員叄環系。雜芳基之例包括吡啶基、呋喃基、咪唑基、苯幷咪唑基、嘧啶基、噻吩基、喹啉基、吲哚基及噻唑基。
上述之烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、雜環烷基、環烯基、雜環烯基、芳基及雜芳基包括經取代與未經取代兩部分。於環烷基、雜環烷基、環烯基、雜環烯基、芳基及雜芳基上之可能的取代基包括但不限於C1
-C10
烷基(例如,三氟甲基)、C2
-C10
烯基、C2
-C16
炔基(例如,芳基炔基)、C3
-C20
環烷基、C3
-C20
環烯基、C1
-C20
雜環烷基、C1
-C20
雜環烯基、C1
-C10
烷氧基、芳基、(例如,鹵芳基或經以鹵基取代之芳基)、芳基氧基、雜芳基、雜芳基氧基、胺基、C1
-C10
烷基胺基、芳基胺基、羥基、鹵基、酮基(O=)、硫酮基(S=)、硫基、矽烷基、C1
-C10
烷基硫基、芳基硫基、C1
-C10
烷基磺醯基、芳基磺醯基、醯基胺基、胺基醯基、胺基硫醯基、甲脒基、氫硫基、醯胺基、硫脲基、氰硫基、磺醯胺基、胍基、脲基、氰基、硝基、醯基、硫醯基、醯氧基、胺甲醯胺基、胺甲醯基、羧基以及羧酸酯。另一方面,於烷基、烯基或炔基上之可能的取代基包括上述全部,除了C1
-C10
烷基。環烷基、環烯基、雜環烷基、雜環烯基、芳基及雜芳基亦可彼此稠合。
上述之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物包括化合物本身,以及合適之其鹽、其溶劑合物與其前藥。例如,鹽可形成於陰離子與咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物之正電荷基團(例如胺基)之間。適合的陰離子包括氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、胺磺酸鹽、硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、甲烷磺酸鹽、三氟乙酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、葡糖醛酸鹽、戊二酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、乳酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽及乙酸鹽。同樣地,鹽亦可形成於陽離子與咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物之負電荷基團(例如羧酸根)之間。適合的陽離子包括鈉離子、鉀離子、鎂離子、鈣離子及例如四甲基銨離子之銨陽離子。咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物亦包括該等含有四級氮原子之鹽。前藥之例包括酯與其他醫藥可接受衍生物,其於投藥至個體時,可提供活性咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物。
於另一態樣中,本發明關於用以治療大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患的方法。本方法包括投藥有效量之上述所示式(I)之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物至有需要之個體。大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患之例包括肝纖維化、掉髮、肥胖、代謝症候群(例如,X症候群)、高脂血症、II型糖尿病、動脈硬化症、物質成癮(例如,酒精成癮或尼古丁成癮)、憂鬱症、動機缺乏症候群、學習或記憶障礙、出血性休克、缺血、肝硬化、神經性疼痛、嘔吐、高眼壓、支氣管擴張、骨質疏鬆症、癌(例如,前列腺癌、肺癌、乳癌或頭頸癌)、神經退化性疾病(例如,阿茲海默症或帕金森氏症)或發炎性疾病。
亦於本發明範疇之中,為含有上述咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物之一者或多者,用以治療大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患之醫藥組合物,以及此治療用途與用於製造用以治療大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患的醫藥品之該等化合物的用途。
本發明之一個或多個具體例之詳細內容,說明於下文。本發明之其他特徵、目的及優勢,由說明書與申請專利範圍可臻明確。
示於下文者為本發明之例示化合物:
本發明之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物可藉由習知的化學轉形(包括保護基團方法)而製備,例如敘述於下述文獻及其後續出版者:R. Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations
,VCH Publishers(1989);T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis
,3rd Ed.,John Wiley and Sons(1999);L. Fieser and M.Fieser,Fieser and Fieser’s Reagents for Organic Synthesis
,John Wiley and Sons(1994);and L. Paquette,ed.,Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis
,John Wiley and Sons(1995)。下文方案1至4顯示用於合成本發明化合物之轉形。
化合物6
至22
係根據顯示於下文方案1之使用化合物6
及其對應之硫酮21
作為典型例之一般合成方法而製備。於LHMDS作為鹼的存在下,1-(4-氯苯基)-丙烷-1-酮(1a
)與草酸二乙酯的處理,獲得鋰鹽2a
,產率為80%,該鋰鹽依序地於乙醇中與2,4-二氯苯基肼鹽酸鹽偶合,接著於迴流條件下進行分子內環化而提供酯3a
,兩步驟產率為49%。由此所獲得之化合物3a
於標準條件下接受鹼性水解而獲得羧酸4a,產率為94%,然後該羧酸以草醯氯處理而活化羧基。所得之酸氯化物與2-甲基-2-甲基胺基-丙醯胺(5a
)偶合以供給粗製醯胺中間體。此中間體不純化而於甲醇鈉的存在下進行分子內環化,供應所欲產物6
,兩步驟產率為55%。化合物6
與勞森試劑(Lawesson’s reagent)的進一步處理而供給對應之硫酮21
,產率為77%。
化合物23
至30
係根據顯示於下文方案2之使用化合物23
及其甲基化衍生物27
作為典型例之一般合成方法而製備。羧酸4a
首先以草醯氯處理且所得之酸氯化物與2-胺基-2-甲基-丙醯胺(5i
)偶合而提供粗製醯胺。此粗製醯胺當與POCl3
處理而進行分子內環化時,供應所欲產物23
,兩步驟產率為53%。進一步地,使用氫化鈉作為鹼,化合物23
與甲基碘的烷基化而供應對應之甲基化產物27
,產率為68%。
化合物33
至42
係根據顯示於下文方案3之使用化合物34
及其對應之硫酮40
作為典型例之一般合成方法而製備。起始物31a
至31g
為容易地以Shia等人所報導之步驟(Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
,2008,51,5397-5412)而製備。化合物31b
與草醯氯反應以活化羧基且所得之酸氯化物與2-甲基-2-甲基胺基-丙醯胺(5a
)偶合以供給粗製醯胺中間體。此中間體不純化而於甲醇鈉的存在下進行分子內環化,供應所欲產物34
,兩步驟產率為51%。進一步地,化合物34
與勞森試劑(Lawesson’s reagent)的處理而供給對應之硫酮40
,產率為73%。
化合物43
及44
係根據顯示於下文方案4之一般合成方法而製備。起始物32
係經由Shia等人所報導之合成方法(Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
,2008,51
,5397-5412)而製備。化合物32
與草醯氯反應以活化羧基且所得之酸氯化物與2-甲基-2-甲基胺基-丙醯胺(5a
)偶合以供給粗製醯胺中間體,其依序地,不純化而與甲醇鈉處理而進行環化以供應所欲化合物43
,兩步驟產率為70%。進一步地,於一大氣壓氫氣下使用催化劑Pd-C之化合物43
的轉形而供應對應之飽和產物44
,產率為62%。
本發明之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物亦可藉由類似於方案1至4之大綱與由此項技術領域中具有通常知識者所認知之必要修改而合成。
所合成之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物可藉由快速管柱層析、高效液相層析、結晶或任何合適的方法進一步地純化。
本文所述及之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物可含有非芳族雙鍵以及一個或多個不對稱中心。因此,其可存在為消旋物與消旋的混合物、單一鏡像異構物、單獨非鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物混合物、以及順式或反式異構型。所有該等異構物皆包含於本發明。
亦於本發明範疇之中,為(1)含有有效量之本發明之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物之至少一者以及醫藥可接受載劑,以及(2)藉由對有需要此治療之個體投藥有效量之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物之治療大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患的方法。
如本文所使用之,詞語「治療」意指對具有大麻鹼媒介之疾患、或具有易於罹患該疾患之症候的個體投藥咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物,以目的為治癒、醫治、減輕、緩解、改變、醫療、緩和、改善或影響上述之疾患與易於罹患該疾患之症候。詞語「有效量」意指於個體足以給與所欲之治療效果的活性藥劑的量。有效量可為此項技術領域中具有通常知識者所認知,且取決於投藥途徑、賦形劑使用以及與其他藥劑同時使用之可能性而變化。
為實施本發明之方法,上述醫藥組合物可經口、非經腸、藉由吸入噴霧、局部地、經直腸、經鼻、經頰、經陰道或經由移植的儲存器而投藥。如使用於本文之詞語「非經腸」,包括皮下、皮內、靜脈內、肌肉內、關節內、動脈內、滑液內、胸骨內、病灶內以及顱內注射或輸注技術。
無菌注射組合物,例如無菌注射水溶液或油性懸浮液,可根據此項技術領域所使用之技術,使用合適的分散劑或濕潤劑(例如Tween 80)以及懸浮劑而配方。無菌注射製劑亦可為於無毒性之非經腸的可接受稀釋劑或溶劑中的無菌注射溶液,例如於1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可接受之媒劑與溶劑中,可使用甘露糖醇、水、林格氏液(Ringer’s solution)與等張性氯化鈉溶液。此外,無菌、固定化油為傳統使用作為溶劑或懸浮媒質(例如,合成的單或二甘油酯)。脂肪酸,例如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物有用於製備注射劑,作為天然醫藥上可接受油,例如橄欖油或蓖麻籽油,特別是其聚氧伸乙基化形式。該等油溶液或懸浮液亦可含有長鏈醇稀釋劑或分散劑,或羧甲基纖維素或類似的分散劑。其他常用的界面活性劑,例如Tween或Spans或其他類似的乳化劑或常用於製造醫藥上可接受之固態、液態或其他劑型之生體可利用增強劑,亦可使用於配方目的。
用於經口投藥之組合物可為任何經口可接受劑型,包括但不限於膠囊、錠劑、乳化物及水性懸浮物、分散物與溶液。於經口使用之錠劑的情況中,通常使用之載劑包括乳酸與玉米澱粉。當經口投藥水性懸浮液或乳化物時,活性成分可與乳化劑或懸浮劑組合而懸浮或溶解於油相。期望時,可添加某些甜味劑、矯味劑或著色劑。可根據醫藥配方之技術領域中習知之技術而製備經鼻噴霧或吸入組合物。含有咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物之組合物亦可為用於直腸投藥之栓劑形式而投藥。
醫藥組合物中之載劑必須為「可接受的」意味與配方物之活性成分相容(且較佳地為可安定化該配方物)且無損害於對欲治療之個體。例如,可使用與咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物形成更安定的複合物之一個或多個更溶解劑,或更安定化劑,作為醫藥載劑以傳遞活性化合物。其他載劑之例包括膠體二氧化矽、硬脂酸鎂、月桂基硫酸鈉、以及D&C Yellow #10。
上述之咪唑-4-酮或咪唑-4-硫酮化合物可藉由活體外分析以及其後之動物試驗與臨床試驗,預先篩選其對於治療上述疾病的藥效。其他方法亦為本發明技術領域中具有通常知識者所明瞭。
無進一步的敘述,咸信上述說明已充分地揭露本發明。因而,下述實施例僅解釋為示例,且不於任何方式為本發明其於部分之限制。本文所述及之所有文獻皆併入本文作為參考文獻。
於-78℃、氮環境下,於鋰化雙-(三甲基矽烷基)醯胺(16.0mL,1.0M in THF,16mmol)之乙醚(45mL)磁性攪拌溶液,滴加1-(4-氯-苯基)-丙烷-1-酮(1a
)(2.0g,11.86mmol)之乙醚(15mL)溶液。混合物攪拌45分鐘後,滴加草酸二乙酯(2.0g,13.69mmol)。使反應混合物升溫至室溫且另行攪拌16小時。藉由過濾收集沉澱,以乙醚洗滌,且減壓乾燥後供給呈黃色固體之粗製鋰鹽2a
(2.6g,80%)。
化合物2b
以類似於實施例1所述方式由1-(4-氯-苯基)-乙酮(1b
)(2.0g,12.93mmol)合成呈黃色固體(2.3g,68%)。
化合物2c
以類似於實施例1所述方式由1-(4-氯-苯基)-丁烷-1-酮(1c
)(2.0g,10.95mmol)合成呈黃色固體(2.1g,66%)。
化合物2d
以類似於實施例1所述方式由1-(4-溴-苯基)-丙烷-1-酮(1d
)(2.0g,9.39mmol)合成呈黃色固體(2.2g,73%)。
化合物2e
以類似於實施例1所述方式由1-(4-溴-苯基)-丁烷-1-酮(1e
)(2.0g,8.81mmol)合成呈黃色固體(1.9g,65%)。
化合物2f
以類似於實施例1所述方式由1-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-丙烷-1-酮(1f
)(2.0g,12.19mmol)合成呈黃色固體(2.6g,79%)。
化合物2g
以類似於實施例1所述方式由1-(4-氟-苯基)-丙烷-1-酮(1g
)(2.0g,13.16mmol)合成成黃色固體(2.4g,71%)。
化合物2h
以類似於實施例1所述方式由1-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-丙烷-1-酮(1h
)(2.0g,9.90mmol)合成呈黃色固體(2.2g,72%)。
於室溫,對鋰鹽2a
(2.60g,9.47mmol)之乙醇(35mL)溶液,一次地添加2,4-二氯苯基肼鹽酸鹽(2.2g,10.30mmol)。所得混合物於相同溫度攪拌20小時。反應完成後,藉由過濾收集沉澱,以乙醇與乙醚洗滌,且真空乾燥而獲得淡黃色固體。此粗製固體不純化,溶解於乙酸(30mL)且加熱迴流24小時。反應混合物倒至冰水中且所得混合物以乙酸乙酯(2 x 30mL)萃取。合併萃取物以水、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液及鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾以及濃縮。粗製殘餘物藉由矽膠快速層析以己烷/乙酸乙酯(9:1)純化而製得呈白色固體之酯3a
(1.9g,兩步驟產率為49%)。
化合物3b
以類似於實施例9所揭示之方式由2b
(2.3g,8.83mmol)合成呈白色固體(1.7g,49%)。
化合物3c
以類似於實施例9所揭示之方式由2c
(2.1g,7.28mmol)合成呈白色固體(1.1g,36%)。
化合物3d
以類似於實施例9所揭示之方式由2d
(2.2g,6.89mmol)合成呈白色固體(1.5g,48%)。
化合物3e
以類似於實施例9所揭示之方式由2e
(1.9g,5.70mmol)合成呈白色固體(1.0g,37%)。
化合物3f
以類似於實施例9所揭示之方式由2f
(2.6g,9.62mmol)合成呈白色固體(1.6g,41%)。
化合物3g
以類似於實施例9所揭示之方式由2g
(2.4g,9.30mmol)合成呈白色固體(1.5g,41%)。
化合物3h
以類似於實施例9所揭示之方式由2h
(2.2g,7.14mmol)合成呈白色固體(1.5g,47%)。
對酯3a
(1.0g,2.44mmol)之甲醇(25mL)溶液,一次地添加氫氧化鉀(1.0g,17.86mmol)。所得混合物於60℃加熱4小時。然後將反應混合物倒至冰水中,且混合物之pH以添加10%鹽酸而調整為酸性。藉由過濾收集所形成之沉澱,真空乾燥而製得羧酸4a
(0.88g,94%)呈白色固體。
化合物4b
以類似於實施例17所揭示之方式由3b
(0.97g,2.45mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.84g,93%)。
化合物4c
以類似於實施例17所揭示之方式由3c
(1.02g,2.41mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.85g,89%)。
化合物4d
以類似於實施例17所揭示之方式由3d
(1.02g,2.25mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.81g,85%)。
化合物4e
以類似於實施例17所揭示之方式由3e
(0.94g,2.01mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.78g,88%)。
化合物4f
以類似於實施例17所揭示之方式由3f
(1.01g,2.49mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.79g,84%)。
化合物4g
以類似於實施例17所揭示之方式由3g
(0.98g,2.49mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.84g,92%)。
化合物4h
以類似於實施例17所揭示之方式由3h
(1.07g,2.41mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.88g,88%)。
於0℃,對28%NH4
OH(25mL,411.76mmol)之劇烈攪拌溶液,依序地滴加H2
O(25mL)及2-溴-2-甲基丙醯溴(10.0g,43.50mmol)。使反應混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌額外的2小時期間。藉由過濾收集所形成之沉澱,以水洗滌,且於真空乾燥以獲得2-溴-2-甲基丙醯胺(6.1g,84%)呈白色固體。
於室溫,對2-溴-2-甲基-丙醯胺(9.12g,54.93mmol)與氧化銀(I)(14.4g,102.9mmol)之THF(120mL)混合物滴加甲基胺(60mL,2M於THF,120mmol)。所得混合物於室溫攪拌15小時。過濾反應混合物,濃縮濾液。殘餘物藉由矽膠快速層析以乙酸乙酯/甲醇(4:1)純化製得5a
(3.02g,47%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ2.31(s,3H),1.32(s,3H),1.29(s,3H).
化合物5b
以類似於實施例26所揭示之方式由2-溴-2-甲基-丙醯胺(2.03g,12.23mmol)合成呈米白色固體(0.81g,51%)。
化合物5c
以類似於實施例26所揭示之方式由2-溴-2-甲基-丙醯胺(1.04g,6.26mmol)合成呈米白色固體(0.41g,45%)。1
H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.21(br s,1H),5.71(br s,1H),2.46-2.44(m,2H),1.44-1.42(m,2H),1.29(s,6H),0.91-0.89(m,3H);ESMSm
/z
:145.3(M+1).
化合物5d
以類似於實施例26所揭示之方式由2-溴-2-甲基-丙醯胺(0.98g,5.90mmol)合成呈米白色固體(0.37g,40%)。1
H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.15(br s,1H),6.27(br s,1H),2.43(t,2H),1.37-1.26(m,10H),0.83(d,3H);ESMSm
/z
:159.4(M+1).
化合物5e
以類似於實施例26所揭示之方式由2-溴-2-甲基-丙醯胺(1.10g,6.63mmol)合成呈米白色固體(0.39g,41%)。1
H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.13(br s,1H),6.12(br s,1H),5.86-5.82(m,1H),5.17-5.14(m,1H),5.03-5.01(m,1H),3.12-3.10(m,5,2H),1.28(d,6H);ESMSm/z
:143.0(M+1).
化合物5f
以類似於實施例26所揭示之方式由2-溴-2-甲基-丙醯胺(0.96g,5.78mmol)合成呈米白色固體(0.36g,44%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ6.88(br s,1H),5.85(br s,1H),2.05-2.10(m,1H),1.34(s,6H),0.45-0.41(m,2H),0.34-0.30(m,2H);ESMSm/z
:143.3(M+1).
化合物5g
以類似於實施例26所揭示之方式由2-溴-2-甲基-丙醯胺(1.05g,6.32mmol)合成呈米白色固體(0.46g,46%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.15(br s,1H),6.27(br s,1H),2.14-2.11(m,2H),1.56-1.59(m,1H),1.24(s,6H),0.85(d,6H);ESMSm/z
:159.2(M+1).
化合物5h
以類似於實施例26所揭示之方式由2-溴-2-甲基-丙醯胺(1.04g,6.26mmol)合成呈米白色固體(0.50g,42%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.23(m,5H),3.65(s,1H),3.64(s,1H),1.37(s,3H),1.36(s,3H).
對2-第三丁氧基羰基胺基-2-甲基-丙酸(0.99g,4.87mmol)之二氯甲烷(25mL)溶液,一次地依序添加EDCI(1.4g,7.30mmol)與HOBt(1.0g,7.40mmol)。所得混合物於室溫攪拌2小時後,以氣泡打入NH3
(g)10分鐘。醯胺化完成後,反應混合物倒至冰水中,且所得混合物以乙酸乙酯(2 x 50mL)萃取。合併萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,濃縮而製得粗製產物,其次,該粗製產物不純化,於室溫,與HCl(17mL,2M於乙醚)於二氯甲烷(7mL)進行水解15小時。過濾混合物以及固體殘餘物於真空乾燥而製得5i
(0.41g,61%)呈白色固體。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ1.59(s,6H).
對1-胺基-環戊烷羧(1.03g,7.97mmol)之水(16mL)溶液,一次地添加二碳酸二-第三丁酯(2.5g,11.46mmol)與氫氧化鈉(0.65g,16.25mmol)。所得混合物於室溫攪拌15小時。反應混合物以10%鹽酸酸化後,以乙酸乙酯(2 x 50mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,濃縮而製得粗製之1-第三丁氧基羰基胺基-環戊烷羧酸。不純化,於室溫,所獲得之粗製羧酸產物以EDCI(1.5g,7.82mmol)與HOBt(1.1g,8.14mmol)於二氯甲烷(25mL)處理2小時後,將NH3
(g)導入該溶液30分鐘。醯胺化完成後,反應混合物倒入冰水中,且以乙酸乙酯(2 x 50mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,濃縮而製得粗製醯胺產物,該粗製產物於室溫以HCl(14mL,2M於乙醚,28mmol)於二氯甲烷(7mL)進行水解15小時。過濾反應混合物且固體殘餘物於真空乾燥而獲得5j
(0.45g,兩步驟為34%)。
於0℃,對4a
(1.0g,2.62mmol)之甲苯(30mL)溶液依序地滴加DMF(0.2mL)及草醯氯(1.48g,11.66mmol)。使所得混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌1小時後,於0℃,緩慢地移轉至5a
(0.50g,4.30mmol)與三乙基胺(0.42g,4.16mmol)之THF(30mL)混合物。使混合物升溫且於室溫攪拌15小時,反應以水淬熄且以乙酸乙酯(2 x 30mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,濃縮而製得粗製殘餘物(1.22g),其不純化,於60℃藉由甲醇鈉(270mg,5.00mmol)之甲醇(30mL)處理進行分子內環化4小時。反應完成後,濃縮反應混合物且倒至冰水中,所得虎合物以乙酸乙酯(2 x 30mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾以及濃縮。殘餘物以矽膠快速層析以己烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1)純化而獲得所欲之產物6(0.67g,55%)呈白色固體。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.41(d,1H),7.25(d,2H),7.22(dd,1H),7.12(d,1H),7.01(d,2H),3.42(s,3H),2.35(s,3H),1.37(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:461.0(M+1).
化合物7
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4a
(251mg,0.66mmol)與5b
(140mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(110mg,35%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.43(d,1H),7.28(d,2H),7.25(dd,1H),7.14(d,1H),7.04(d,2H),3.90(q,2H),2.37(s,3H),1.41(s,6H),1.27(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:475.0(M+1).
化合物8以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4a
(250mg,0.66mmol)與5c
(150mg,1.04mmol)合成呈白色固體(97mg,30%)。1
H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.45(d,1H),7.28-7.23(m,3H),7.11(d,1H),7.05(d,2H),3.76-3.73(m,2H),2.37(s,3H),1.72-1.68(m,2H),1.41(s,6H),0.81(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:489.1(M+1).
化合物9
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4a
(252mg,0.66mmol)與5d
(161mg,1.01mmol)合成呈白色固體(141mg,42%)。1
H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3
)δ57.44(d,1H),7.29-7.24(m,3H),7.13(d,1H),7.05(d,2H),3.80-3.78(m,2H),2.39(s,3H),1.69-1.64(m,2H),1.40(s,6H),1.26-1.22(m,2H),0.81(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:503.1(M+1).
化合物10
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4a
(253mg,0.66mmol)與5e
(148mg,1.05mmol)合成呈白色固體(171mg,53%)。1
H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.41(d,1H),7.27-7.23(m,3H),7.13(d,1H),7.04(d,2H),5.93-5.88(m,1H),5.13-5.07(m,2H),4.54(d,1H),2.37(s,3H),1.40(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:487.1(M+1).
化合物11
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4a
(248mg,0.66mmol)與5f
(148mg,1.05mmol)合成呈白色固體(122mg,38%)。1
H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.42(d,1H),7.28-7.26(m,3H),7.21(d,1H),7.07(d,2H),2.91-2.89(m,1H),2.29(s,3H),1.49(s,6H),0.88-0.86(m,2H),0.76-0.73(m,2H);ESMSm/z
:501.5(M+1).
化合物12
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4a
(248mg,0.66mmol)與5g
(160mg,1.01mmol)合成呈白色固體(110mg,33%)。1
H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.46(d,1H),7.29-7.24(m,3H),7.11(d,1H),7.06(d,2H),3.78-3.75(m,2H),2.34(s,3H),2.03-2.01(m,1H),1.44(s,6H),0.85-0.82(d,6H);ESMSm/z
:503.1(M+1).
化合物13
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4a
(250mg,0.66mmol)與5h
(189mg,0.99mmol)合成呈白色固體(152mg,43%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.38(d,1H),7.31(d,2H),7.26(m,5H),7.20(dd,1H),7.04(d,2H),7.01(d,1H),5.29(s,2H),2.45(s,3H),1.31(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:537.1(M+1).
化合物14
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4b
(249mg,0.68mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(152mg,49%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.45(d,1H),7.30-7.28(m,3H),7.21(d,2H),7.04(d,2H),3.48(s,3H),1.36(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:447.0(M+1).
化合物15
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4c
(252mg,0.63mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(160mg,53%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.46(d,1H),7.31(d,2H),7.28(dd,1H),7.20(d,1H),7.10(d,2H),3.46(s,3H),2.88(q,2H),1.44(s,6H),1.12(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:475.0(M+1).
化合物16
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4d
(251mg,0.59mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(170mg,57%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.48~7.43(m,3H),7.29(dd,1H),7.19(d,1H),7.01(d,2H),3.49(s,3H),2.41(s,3H),1.43(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:505.6(M+1).
化合物17
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4e
(250mg,0.57mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(160mg,54%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ57.46~7.43(m,3H),7.27(dd,1H),7.20(d,1H),7.01(d,2H),3.44(s,3H),2.84(q,2H),1.41(s,6H),1.09(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:519.1(M+1).
化合物18
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4f
(249mg,0.66mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(143mg,46%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.47(d,1H),7.25(dd,1H),7.16(d,1H),7.06(d,2H),6.84(d,2H),3.79(s,3H),3.49(s,3H),2.40(s,3H),1.43(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:456.2(M+1).
化合物19
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4g
(248mg,0.68mmol)與5a
(130mg,20 1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(121mg,39%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.39(d,1H),7.20(dd,1H),7.13(d,1H),7.06(dd,2H),6.97(dd,2H),3.43(s,3H),2.33(s,3H),1.36(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:444.7(M+1).
化合物20
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由4h
(251mg,0.60mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(176mg,60%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.59(d,2H),7.46(d,1H),7.28(m,3H),7.22(d,1H),3.49(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),1.42(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:494.7(M+1).
對化合物6
(98mg,0.22mmol)之甲苯(5mL)溶液,一次地添加勞森試劑(Lawesson’s reagent)(150mg,0.37mmol)。所得混合物於60℃加熱4小時後,倒入冰水中。所得混合物以乙酸乙酯(2 x 30mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以水、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液及鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾及濃縮。殘餘物藉由矽膠快速層析以己烷/乙酸乙酯(7:3)純化而製得所欲之硫酮21
(78mg,77%)呈黃色固體。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.48(d,1H),7.32(d,2H),7.28(dd,1H),7.22(d,1H),7.08(d,2H),3.62(s,3H),2.48(s,3H),1.55(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:477.0(M+1).
化合物22
以類似於實施例51所揭示之方式由15
(100mg,0.21mmol)合成呈黃色固體(62mg,58%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.43(d,1H),7.31(d,2H),7.26(dd,1H),7.21(d,1H),7.09(d,2H),3.58(s,3H),2.91(q,2H),1.51(s,6H),1.09(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:491.0(M+1).
於0℃,對4a
(1.01g,2.62mmol)之甲苯(30mL)溶液,依序地滴加DMF(0.2mL)及草醯氯(1.48g,11.66mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌2小時後,於0℃,緩慢地轉移至5i
(0.56g,4.07mmol)與三乙基胺(0.42g,4.20mmol)於THF(120mL)之混合物。使混合物升溫且於室溫攪拌15小時後,添加水且所得混合物以乙酸乙酯(2 x 30mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾及濃縮。所獲得之粗製醯胺(1.02g)以POCl3
(1.25g,8.15mmol)之二氯甲烷(25mL)溶液,於80℃處理4小時。濃縮混合物且倒入冰水中。所得混合物以乙酸乙酯(2 x 50mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾及濃縮。殘餘物藉由矽膠快速層析以乙酸乙酯/己烷(7:3)純化而獲得23
(0.62g,53%)呈白色固體。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.43(br s,1H),7.32~7.27(m,4H),7.05(d,2H),7.00(br s,1H),2.38(s,3H),1.81(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:447.0(M+1).
化合物24
以類似於實施例53所揭示之方式由4c
(1.0g,2.53mmol)與5i
(0.56g,4.07mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.58g,50%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.43(d,1H),7.30(d,2H),7.30~7.27(m,2H),7.07(d,2H),7.00(br s,1H),2.78(q,2H),1.81(s,6H),1.20(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:461.0(M+1).
化合物25
以類似於實施例53所揭示之方式由4a
(251mg,0.66mmol)與5j
(140mg,0.98mmol)合成呈白色固體(140mg,45%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.40(d,1H),7.32~7.26(m,3H),7.12(s,201H),7.02(d,2H),2.49(m,2H),2.36(s,3H),2.17(m,2H),1.86(m,4H);ESMSm/z
:473.1(M+1).
化合物26
以類似於實施例53所揭示之方式由4c
(1.0g,2.53mmol)與2-胺基乙醯胺鹽酸鹽(5k
)(0.56g,4.56mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.81g,73%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.43(d,1H),7.31(d,2H),7.30~7.27(m,2H),7.07(d,2H),4.35(d,2H),2.77(q,2H),1.20(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:433.1(M+1).
於0℃,對氫化鈉(14.4mg,0.66mole)之DMF(3mL)溶液,一次地添加化合物23
(100mg,0.22mmol)。使混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌30分鐘,對其添加甲基碘(2g,14.08mmol)。混合物攪拌2小時後,添加水且所得混合物以乙酸乙酯(2×50mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾及濃縮。粗製殘餘物藉由矽膠快速層析以己烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1)純化而製得產物27
(70mg,0.15mmol,68%)呈白色固體。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.45(d,1H),7.30(d,2H),7.26(dd,1H),7.18(d,1H),7.07(d,2H),3.28(s,3H),2.24(s,3H),1.87(s,6H);ESMSm/
:461.1(M+1).
化合物28
以類似於實施例57所揭示之方式由化合物24
(101mg,0.22mmol)與甲基碘(2g,14.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(70mg,68%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.42(br s,1H),7.29(d,2H),7.24(d,1H),7.19(d,1H),7.07(d,2H),3.21(s,3H),2.62(q,2H),1.85(s,6H),1.11(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:475.1(M+1).
於室溫,對26
(100mg,0.23mmol)之乙腈(8mL)溶液,依序地緩慢添加碳酸鉀(150mg,1.09mole)與甲基碘(2g,14.08mmol)。混合物於60℃加熱6小時。添加水且所得混合物以乙酸乙酯(2×50mL)萃取。合併之萃取物以鹽水洗滌,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾及濃縮。粗製殘餘藉由矽膠快速層析以己烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1)而製得化合物29
(70mg,68%)呈白色固體。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.45(d,1H),7.30(d,2H),7.25(dd,1H),7.18(d,1H),7.09(d,2H),4.88(s,0.82H),4.51(s,1.18H),3.42(s,1.77H),3.24(s,1.23H),2.65(q,2H)1.15(t,3H);ESMSm/
:447.0(M+1).
化合物30
以類似於實施例59所揭示之方式由26
(102mg,0.23mmol)與正丁基溴(500mg,3.65mmol)合成呈白色固體(55mg,49%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDC13
)δ7.44(d,1H),7.30(d,2H),7.25(dd,1H),7.17(d,1H),7.09(d,2H),4.83(s,0.82H),4.45(s,1.18H),3.80(s,1.18H),3.67(s,0.82H),2.65(q,2H),1.69(br s,2H),1.42~1.25(m,2H),1.13(t,3H),0.97~0.86(m,3H);ESMSm/
:489.1(M+1).
化合物33
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由31a
(251mg,0.58mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(152mg,51%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.53(d,1H),7.36(dd,1H),7.26(d,1H),6.96(d,1H),6.67(d,1H),3.45(s,3H),2.49(s,3H),1.42(s,6H);ESMSm/z
:511.0(M+1).
化合物34
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由31b
(248mg,0.56mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(149mg,51%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.46(d,1H),7.32(dd,1H),7.25(d,1H),6.91(d,1H),6.62(d,1H),3.40(s,3H),2.90(q,2H),1.37(s,6H),1.14(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:525.0(M+1).
化合物35
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由31c
(251mg,0.60mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(151mg,50%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.52(d,1H),7.36(dd,1H),7.27(d,1H),6.97(d,1H),6.73(d,1H),3.46(m,5H),2.52(m,5H),1.42(s,6H),1.00(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:499.0(M+1).
化合物36
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由31d
(250mg,0.58mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(172mg,57%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.50(d,1H),7.33(dd,1H),7.26(d,1H),6.96(d,1H),6.70(d,1H),3.43(s,3H),2.47(s,3H),2.26(d,2H),1.85(m,1H),1.39(s,6H),0.97(d,6H);ESMSm/z
:513.0(M+1).
化合物37
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由31e
(250mg,0.56mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(142mg,47%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.44(d,1H),7.25(dd,1H),7.20(d,1H),6.90(d,1H),6.65(d,1H),3.37(s,3H),2.90(q,2H),2.23(d,2H),1.82(m,1H),1.35(s,6H),1.12(t,3H),0.94(d,6H);ESMSm/z
:527.0(M+1).
化合物38
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由31f
(251mg,0.58mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(182mg,61%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.47(d,1H),7.31(dd,1H),7.24(d,1H),6.92(d,1H),6.66(d,1H),3.41(s,3H),2.45(s,3H),1.37(s,6H),1.23(s,9H);ESMSm/z
:513.0(M+1).
化合物39
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由31g
(251mg,0.50mmol)與5a
(130mg,1.08mmol)合成呈白色固體(145mg,49%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.46(d,1H),7.41(m,4H),7.20(m,3H),6.93(d,1H),6.67(d,1H),3.45(s,3H),2.88(t,2H),2.67(m,4H),1.56(s,6H),1.14(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:575.0(M+1).
化合物40
以類似於實施例51所揭示之方式由34
(90mg,0.17mmol)合成呈黃色固體(68mg,73%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.49(d,1H),7.33(m,2H),6.94(d,1H),6.66(d,1H),3.55(s,3H),2.98(q,2H),1.50(s,6H),1.17(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:541.0(M+1).
化合物41
以類似於實施例51所揭示之方式由36
(110mg,0.21mmol)合成呈黃色固體(72mg,62%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.52(d,1H),7.36(dd,1H),7.28(d,1H),6.98(d,1H),6.73(d,1H),3.58(s,3H),2.60(s,3H),2.28(d,2H),1.85(m,1H),1.52(s,6H),0.98(d,6H);ESMSm/z
:529.1(M+1).
化合物42
以類似於實施例51所揭示之方式由37
(93mg,0.18mmol)合成呈黃色固體(60mg,63%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.50(d,1H),7.32(m,2H),6.97(d,1H),6.72(d,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.02(q,2H),2.28(d,2H),1.87(m,1H),1.53(s,6H),1.19(t,3H),0.99(d,6H);ESMSm/z
:543.1(M+1).
化合物43
以類似於實施例36所揭示之方式由32
(0.61g,1.42mmol)與5a
(0.30g,2.58mmol)合成呈白色固體(0.51g,70%)。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3
)δ7.48(d,1H),7.31(dd,1H),7.27(d,1H),6.70(d,1H),6.65(d,1H),6.38(d,1H),5.98(dd,1H),3.43(s,3H),2.47(s,3H),2.11(m,2H),1.46(m,2H),1.38(s,6H),0.90(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:501.0(M+1).
於1大氣壓H2
下,43
(118mg,0.24mmol)與Pd-C(12mg)之甲醇(8mL)混合物於室溫攪拌2小時。過濾反應混合物且減壓濃縮所得濾液而製得粗殘餘物,其藉由矽膠快速層析以己烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1)純化而獲得產物44
(75mg,62%)呈白色固體。1
H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.48(d,1H),7.29(m,2H),6.77(d,1H),6.61(d,1H),3.57(s,3H),2.65(m,5H),1.60(m,8H),1.22(m,4H),0.81(t,3H);ESMSm/z
:503.0(M+1).
由穩定表現CB1與CB2受體之HEK293細胞株獲得人類CB1與CB2受體。簡明地,收集表現CB1或CB2受體之細胞且進行音波處理。經分解之細胞以43,000×g於4℃離心30分鐘。所得小粒懸浮於緩衝液(50mM Tris,5mM MgCl2,2.5mM EDTA,pH 7.4,10%蔗糖)且儲存於-80℃。經純化之細胞膜的蛋白質濃度,藉由揭示於Bio-Rad Laboratories,Inc.(Hercules,CA)所提供之操作手冊中之Bradford方法而測定。
對於CB1與CB2受體之親和性係藉由如下述之活體外放射配位子結合分析而測定。由上述CB1或CB2表現細胞株所製備之0.2~8μg細胞膜部分與含有0.75nM[3
H]CP55,940(特異地結合至CB1與CB2受體之配位子)與測試化合物之緩衝液(pH 7.4,50mM Tris-HCl,5mM MgC12,1mM EDTA,與0.3% BSA)混合。於對照分析中,使用無放射活性之CP55,940(1μM)取代測試化合物。混合物於Multiscreen微孔盤(Millipore,Billerica,MA)於30℃培養1.5小時以使測試化合物或[3
H]CP55,940結合至受體。結合反應係藉由Manifold過濾,其中細胞膜部分(含有CB1或CB2受體)保留於該過濾器。然後以冰冷卻之洗滌緩衝液(50mM Tris,pH 7.4,0.25% BSA)洗滌過濾器4次以移除游離之[3
H]CP55,940。結合於該過濾器之細胞膜部分的放射活性,藉由Topcount(Perkin Elmer Inc.)測量。計算IC50
(抑制50%之[3
H]CP55,940對受體的結合所需要測試化合物的濃度)。
化合物6-30
與33-44
於此分析中測試。預期外地,所有測試化合物對於抑制[3
H]CP55,940對CB1或CB2受體的結合,分別地具有界於1nM與10μM之IC50
值。
測試化合物於調控CB1受體的活性,係使用PerkinElmer Inc.(Boston,MA)所提供之DELFIA GTP-結合套組,藉由下文所述方法而測定。DELFIA GTP-結合分析為根據G-蛋白偶合受體之活化後,於G-蛋白次單元之GDP-GTP交換之時間解析螢光分析。應注意為藉由CP55,940之CB1受體的刺激,導致於G-蛋白之α-次單元之GDP為GTP所置換,造成GTP-Gα複合物,亦即,G-蛋白之經活化型式。Eu-GTP,以Europium螯合物標識之不可水解的GTP,使用於偵測G-蛋白之激動劑依賴性活化。參照Peltonen et al.,Eur. J. Pharmacol.(1998)355:275。
將衍生自表現人類CB1受體之HEK293細胞之細胞膜懸浮於分析緩衝液(50mM HEPES,pH 7.4,100mM NaCl,100μg/mL皂苷,5mM MgC12,2μM GDP,0.5% BSA)。膜的等分部分(aliquot)與測試化合物(各種濃度於0.1% DMSO)及CP55,940(20nM於分析緩衝液),一起添加至AcroPlate(Pall Life Sciences,Ann Arbor,MI)之各孔。分析盤於30℃於暗處培養60分鐘。然後天加EU-GTP至各孔且於30℃於暗處培養另外30分鐘。盤以分析套組中所提供之洗滌溶液洗滌4次。Eu-GTP之結合係藉由Victor 2 multi-label reader所測定之螢光信號而偵測。各測試化合物之EC50值(亦即抑制50% CP55,940-刺激Eu-GTP結合)係使用非線性藉由濃度對應曲線而測定(Prism;GraphPad,San Diego,CA)。
化合物6-30
與33-44
於此分析中測試。預期外地,所有測試化合物對於藉由調控CP55,940-刺激CB1受體之抑制Eu-GTP結合,具有界於1nM與10μM之EC50
值。
本說明書所揭示之所有可合併為任何組合。本說明書所界式之各特徵可以作為相同、均等或類似目的之替代性特徵置換。因此,除非特別指明,所揭示之各特徵僅為均等或類似特徵之一般性系列的示例。
由上述說明,於此項技術領域中具有通常知識者可容易地確知本發明之主要特徵,且於不悖離本發明之精神與範疇之下,可作成本發明之各種變化與修改,以適合各種用途與條件。因此,其他具體例亦可包含於後文申請專利範圍之範疇。
Claims (42)
- 一種式(I)化合物:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,X為O。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之化合物,其中,R6 為經鹵基取代之C6 單環芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之化合物,其中,R6 為經以鹵基取代之苯基。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之化合物,其中,R1 為C6 單環芳基或5至8員單環且具有選自由O、N、S以及Se所組群組之至少一個雜原子之雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之化合物,其中,R1 為苯基或噻吩基。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之化合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之化合物,其中,R1 為C6 單環芳基或5至8員單環且具有選自由O、N、S以及Se所組群組之至少一個雜原子之雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之化合物,其中,R1 為苯基或噻吩基。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之化合物,其中,R2 、R3 、 R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之化合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,X為S。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之化合物,其中,R6 為經鹵基取代之C6 單環芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之化合物,其中,R6 為經以鹵基取代之苯基。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之化合物,其中,R1 為C6 單環芳基或5至8員單環且具有選自由O、N、S以及Se所組群組之至少一個雜原子之雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之化合物,其中,R1 為苯基或噻吩基。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之化合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之化合物,其中,R1 為C6 單環芳基或5至8員單環且具有選自由O、N、S以及Se所組群組之至少一個雜原子之雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項之化合物,其中,R1 為苯基或噻吩基。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之化合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之化合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 一種用於治療大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患的醫藥組合物,包含治療有效量之作為有效成份的式(I)化合物或其醫藥容許鹽:
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之醫藥組合物,其中,R6 為經以鹵基取代之C6 單環芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項之醫藥組合物,其中,R1 為C6 單環芳基或5至8員單環且具有選自由O、N、S以及Se所組群組之至少一個雜原子之雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第24項之醫藥組合物,其中,R1 為苯基或噻吩基。
- 如申請專利範圍第25項之醫藥組合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之醫藥組合物,其中,R1 為C6 單環芳基或5至8員單環且具有選自由O、N、S以及Se所組群組之至少一個雜原子之雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項之醫藥組合物,其中,R1 為苯基或噻吩基。
- 如申請專利範圍第28項之醫藥組合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之醫藥組合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之醫藥組合物,其中,該大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患為肝纖維化、肥胖、代謝症候群、高脂血症、II型糖尿病、動脈硬化症、物質成癮、憂鬱症、動機缺乏症候群、學習或記憶障礙、出血性休克、肝硬化、神經性疼痛、嘔吐、高眼壓、支氣管擴張、骨質疏鬆症、癌、神經退化性疾病或發炎性疾病。
- 如申請專利範圍第31項之醫藥組合物,其中,該大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患為肥胖、代謝症候群、物質成癮、神經性疼痛或發炎性疾病。
- 如申請專利範圍第31項之醫藥組合物,其中,該大麻鹼受體媒介之疾患為癌。
- 如申請專利範圍第33項之醫藥組合物,其中,該癌為前列腺癌、肺癌、乳癌或頭頸癌。
- 一種醫藥組合物,包括申請專利範圍第1項之化合物與醫藥可接受載劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第35項之組合物,其中,R6 為經以鹵基取代之C6 單環芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第36項之組合物,其中,R1 為C6 單環芳基或5至8員單環且具有選自由O、N、S以及Se所組群組之至少一個雜原子之雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之組合物,其中,R1 為苯基或噻吩基。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之組合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第35項之組合物,其中,R1 為C6 單環芳基或5至8員單環且具有選自由O、N、S以及Se所組 群組之至少一個雜原子之雜芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第40項之組合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第35項之組合物,其中,R2 、R3 、R4 及R5 之每一個獨立地為氫或C1 -C10 烷基。
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