TWI398509B - 用於流體化觸媒裂解(fcc)法中之一氧化碳氧化作用促進劑 - Google Patents
用於流體化觸媒裂解(fcc)法中之一氧化碳氧化作用促進劑 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI398509B TWI398509B TW095107602A TW95107602A TWI398509B TW I398509 B TWI398509 B TW I398509B TW 095107602 A TW095107602 A TW 095107602A TW 95107602 A TW95107602 A TW 95107602A TW I398509 B TWI398509 B TW I398509B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- oxide
- composition
- additive
- catalyst
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 102
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 63
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 27
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000311 lanthanide oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002835 Pt–Ir Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018967 Pt—Rh Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N loratadine Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)OCC)CCC1=C1C2=NC=CC=C2CCC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C21 JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYJSZRRJQJAOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pd] OYJSZRRJQJAOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/397—Egg shell like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
- C10G11/182—Regeneration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/31—Density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/398—Egg yolk like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/405—Limiting CO, NOx or SOx emissions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本發明係有關一種改良的觸媒添加劑,用於在FCC處理中將CO氧化而不會增加NOx的產生。
一項重大的工業問題涉及可以將含硫、碳和氮的燃料處理和燃燒所致廢氣流中的空氣污染物,諸如一氧化碳、硫的氧化物和氮的氧化物,之濃度減低的有效方法之開發。此等廢氣流對環境的排放在習用操作時常碰到的硫氧化物、一氧化碳和氮氧化物之濃度下係環境上不宜者。於含硫和氮的烴進料之催化裂解中被焦碳沈積物所抑活化的裂解觸媒之再生為可能導致含有相當高一氧化碳、硫和氮的氧化物之含量的廢氣流之程序的一典型例子。
重質石油餾份的催化裂解為原油轉化成有用的產物諸如內燃機引擎所用燃料之中採用的多種主要精煉操作之一。於流體化催化裂解(FCC)程序中,係令高分子量的烴液體和蒸氣與熱的,細分固體觸媒粒子,在流化床反應器或在長形傳輸管線反應器中接觸,且保持在高溫流化或分散狀態中一段足以促成合欲裂解程度之時間以產生較低分子量典型地存在於車用汽油和餾出液燃料中的類型之烴類。
於烴的催化裂解中,在觸媒粒子上會沈積某些非揮發性碳質材料。煤焦(coke)包含高度稠合的芳族烴且通常包含從約4至約10重量%的氫。當該烴進料包含有機硫和氮化合物時,煤焦也含有硫和氮。隨著煤焦蓄積在裂解觸媒之上,該觸媒對裂解的活性及該觸媒對於產生汽油摻合料的選擇率會遞減。透過煤焦的沈積而實質地被抑活化之觸媒要連續地從反應區抽取出。該經抑活化的觸媒係經輸送到汽提區,於該處用高溫惰性氣體移除揮發性沈積物。然後,將觸媒粒子經由在適當再生程序中實質地移除煤焦沈積物予以再活化到基本上彼等的原有能力。之後,將再生觸媒連續地送回反應區以重複反應循環。
觸媒再生係經由用含氧的氣體諸如空氣從觸媒表面燒掉煤焦沈積物而完成的。此等煤焦沈積物的燃燒可視為,以簡化方式,碳的氧化且其產物為一氧化碳和二氧化碳。
來自再生器的煙道氣中高殘留一氧化碳濃度業已為自有催化裂解程序以來的一項問題。FCC的沿革已導致在FCC再生器中使用逐增的高溫以期達到再生觸媒中所要求的低碳含量。典型地,如今的再生器都是在沒有使用促進劑之時的約1100℉至1400℉範圍內的溫度操作且導致具有36或更高的,在一完全燃燒單元中到0.5之CO2
/CO比例的煙道氣。一氧化碳的氧化係高度放熱性者且可能導致所謂的“一氧化碳後燒”,此可能在稀觸媒相中,在旋風器中或在煙道氣管線中發生。後燒會對工廠設備造成明顯的損壞。另一方面,從煙道氣排出到大氣中的末燒一氧化碳代表著燃料值的損失且為生態學上不宜者。
對於可以排放到大氣且程序可從更完全的一氧化碳氧化獲利之一氧化碳含量的限制已催生出數種措施來提供達到再生器中一氧化碳完全燃燒所用手段。
於所提出用於獲得FCC再生中完全一氧化碳燃燒之諸程序中,為:(1)增加導到再生器中相對於標準再生的氧量;及(2)提高再生器中的平均操作溫度或(3)在裂解觸媒中包括各種一氧化碳氧化促進劑以促進一氧化碳燃燒。對於一氧化碳後燒問題也已提出各種解決之道,諸如添加外來的可燃燒物或使用水或熱接受性固體以吸收一氧化碳的燃燒熱。
應用於以完全燃燒方式操作的再生中之特別處理例子包括將CO燃燒促進劑金屬添加到觸媒或再生器。例如,美國專利第2,647,860號提出添加0.1至1重量%的氧化鉻於裂解觸媒中以促進CO的燃燒。美國專利第3,808,121號教導在再生器中使用相當大尺寸含CO燃燒促進性金屬的觸媒。小尺寸觸媒是在裂解反應器與觸媒再生器之間循環而燃燒促進性粒子則保留在再生器之內。此外,美國專利第4,072,600號和4,093,535號教導使用以總觸媒量計的0.01至50ppm濃度之Pt、Pd、Ir、Rh、Os、Ru和Re在裂解觸媒以促進在完全燃燒單元內的CO燃燒。
使用貴金屬來催化在FCC單元的再生器中之一氧化碳氧化反應具獲得廣泛的商業接受性。此種發展的某些歷史經載於美國專利第4,171,286號和美國專利第4,222,856號之中。在該發展的數早期階段中,係將貴金屬沈積在裂解觸媒粒子之上。目前所用作法通常係供給包含貴金屬的固體可流體化粒子形式之促進劑,此等粒子係與裂解觸媒的粒子呈物理上分離者。貴金屬或其化合物係經承載在適當載體材料的粒子上且促進劑粒子常與裂解觸媒粒子分開地導到再生器內。在裂解/汽提/再生循環中,不將促進劑粒子以細粒形式取出而是與裂解觸媒粒子共循環。促進劑的CO燃燒效率之判定係經由控制在(較熱的)稀相、旋風器或煙道氣管線,與密實相之間的溫度差(△T)之能力而完成。至今大部份的FCC單元都是使用Pt CO燃燒促進劑。雖然諸如鉑的燃燒促進劑之使用可減低CO發散,此等CO發散的減低常會伴隨著再生器煙道氣中氮的氧化物(NOx)之增加。
在FCC單元中以商業基礎使用的促進劑產品包括用少量(如100至1500ppm)鉑浸漬過的高嶺黏土之經燃燒過的經噴霧乾燥多孔型微球體。可參考美國專利第4,171,286號(如上)。大部份商業上使用的促進劑係經由將鉑源浸漬在高純度多孔型氧化鋁,典型者γ氧化鋁之微球體上而得到者。在多種商業產品中,鉑作為貴金屬的選擇顯然是反映與先前技藝所揭示的鉑係用在FCC再生器中對於一氧化碳氧化促進的最有效第VIII族金屬之事實相一致的此金屬之較佳性。參考,例如,美國專利第4,107,032號中的圖3以及在美國專利第4,350,614號的相同圖。該圖顯示出將多種貴金屬促進劑的濃度從0.5增加到10ppm中對CO2
/CO比例的影響。
美國專利第4,608,357號教導鈀在經承載於特定的氧化矽-氧化鋁形式,亦即瀝濾富鋁紅桂石(leached mullite)的粒子上之時,鈀常可在諸如FCC單元的再生器中常有者之條件下有效地促進一氧化碳變成二氧化碳之氧化。鈀可為該促進劑的唯一催化活性金屬成分或可與其他金屬諸如鉑混合。
美國專利第5,164,072號和第5,110,780號都是關於FCC CO促進劑,其具有在經La-穩定化的氧化鋁,較佳者約4-8重量%La2
O3
,之上的Pt。其中揭示出“必須排除掉”氧化鈰(ceria)。於第3欄上,其揭示出“在充足量的La2
O3
存在中,如約6-8%,則2% Ce即沒有用。若La2
O3
更少時,實際上變得有害”。於示範性實施例中’072和’780都展示出8% Ce對於經承載在γ氧化鋁上的鉑之CO促進作用的不良影響及La的正面影響。
於使用含硫和氮的進料於催化裂解程序中之時,沈積在觸媒上的煤焦會含有硫和氮。於經煤焦抑活化的觸媒之再生中,煤焦係從觸媒表面燒掉,其即導致一部份的硫和氮分別轉化成硫的氧化物和氮的氧化物。
不幸地,更具活性的燃燒促進劑諸如鉑和鈀也會在再生區中促進氮的氧化物之形成。業經報導過者,先前技藝CO促進劑的使用可能造成NOx的急劇增加(如>300%)。要在觸媒再生器中完全燃燒掉煤焦和CO而不使再生器煙道氣的NOx含量增加係困難者。由於氮的氧化物排放到大氣中係環境不宜者,因此此等促進劑的使用之功效僅為以一種不宜的發射取代另一不宜發散。有許多管制都限制可在排放到大氣的煙道氣流中之NOx量。在對環保考慮的回應中,有許多精力係投注於找出減低NOx發散之方法。
有多種措施業經用來減低NOx的形成或在彼等已形成之後用來處理彼等。最典型者,係使用添加劑作為FCC觸媒粒子的整體部份,或以分開粒子形式與FCC觸媒摻合。
已開發出多種添加劑來實施CO促進同時控制NOx發散。
美國專利第4,350,614號、4,072,600號和4,088,568號都提及在以Pt為基礎的CO促進劑中之稀土元素添加。其一例子為顯示出某些優點的4%REO。沒有提及REO對於減少來自FCCU的NOx發散之任何影響。
美國專利第4,199,435號教導一種選自Pt、Pd、Ir、Os、Ru、Rh、Re和銅在無機承載體上的燃燒促進劑。
美國專利第4,290,878號教導Pt-Ir和Pt-Rh雙金屬促進劑,其可比習用Pt促進劑更減少NOx。
美國專利第4,300,997號專利教導Pd-Ru促進劑對於不會造成過多NOx形成的CO氧化之用途。
美國專利第4,544,645號述及Pd與除了Ru以外的每一種其他第VIII金屬之雙金屬物質。
美國專利第6,165,933號和6,358,881號(給W.R.Grace)述及組成物,其包含有下列之成分:(i)酸性氧化物承載體,(ii)鹼金屬及/或鹼土金屬或彼等的混合物,(iii)具有氧貯存能力的過渡金屬氧化物,與(iv)鈀;用以在FCC程序中促進CO燃燒同時減少NOx的形成。
美國專利第6,117,813號教導一種CO促進劑,其包含第VIII族過渡金屬氧化物,第IIIB族過渡金屬氧化物及第IIA族金屬氧化物。
不過,仍然有需要提供改良的CO氧化促進劑,其在FCC程序中具有NOx發散控制性。
本發明提供一種適合用於FCC程序中的新穎組成物,其能夠提供改良的CO氧化促進活性同時提供NOx控制。
於一方面中,本發明提供用於在FCC程序中促進CO的氧化之組成物,該組成物包含(i)酸性氧化物承載體,(ii)氧化鈰,(iii)除了氧化鈰以外的至少一種鑭系元素的氧化物,(iv)視需要地,至少一種選自週期表第Ib族和第IIb族的過渡金屬之氧化物,與(v)至少一種貴金屬。該酸性氧化物承載體較佳地包含氧化鋁。氧化鐠為除了氧化鈰以外的較佳鑭系氧化物。Cu和Ag為較佳的第Ib族過渡金屬且Zn為較佳的第IIb族過渡金屬。
於另一方面中,本發明擬及使用本發明CO氧化促進組成物的FCC法,其中該組成物係成為FCC觸媒粒子的整體部份或為分開的粒子而與FCC觸媒摻合者。該組成物提供比先前技藝CO氧化促進劑更低的NOx發散。
於本發明又另一方面中,提供用於CO氧化的添加劑,其係經由在單一粒子內摻入用於CO氧化促進的鉑族金屬與用於NOx分解的金屬成分,且其中該鉑族金屬與和其他金屬係分布在該粒子中分開的部位內已達到NOx減低的改良。
本發明此等和其他方面都要在下文更詳細說明。
於一方面中,本發明涵蓋下述發現:某些類型的組成物可以非常有效於在FCC程序中的CO氧化和NOx氣體發散之減低。本發明CO氧化組成物的特徵在於彼等包含(i)酸性氧化物承載體,(ii)氧化鈰,(iii)至少一種與氧化鈰不同之鑭系元素氧化物,(iv)隨意地,至少一種選自週期表第Ib族和第IIb族過渡金屬的氧化物及彼等的混合物及(v)至少一種貴金屬。
該酸性氧化物承載體必須具有足夠的酸度使組成物作用為CO氧化促進之有效添加劑。酸性氧化物觸媒承載體係諳於此技者所熟知者且包括,例如,過渡型氧化鋁諸如γ(gamma)和η(eta)氧化鋁;經氧化矽穩定化形式的該等氧化鋁,包括經由將煅燒過其特性放熱曲線以形成尖晶石的高嶺土瀝濾出氧化矽所形成的經氧化矽穩定化的氧化鋁尖晶石;或富鋁紅柱石。該承載體可為結晶型或非晶態者。較佳者,該酸性氧化物承載體包含至少某些氧化鋁。更佳者,該氧化物承載體包含至少50%氧化鋁。該氧化物承載體較佳者為選自氧化鋁和氧化矽-氧化鋁所組成的群組中之氧化物。於使用非晶態氧化矽-氧化鋁承載體之情況中,該承載體較佳地具有從約1:1至高達約50:1的氧化鋁對氧化矽莫耳比例。市售酸性氧化物氧化鋁承載體的例子可在諸如PURALOX、CATAPAL和VERSAL之商品名下取得。市售酸性氧化矽-氧化鋁承載體的例子可在諸如SIRAL和SIRALOX之商品名下取得。
氧化矽-氧化鋁承載體可隨意地經由從預形成的高嶺土微球體將氧化矽鹼性瀝濾而造成,如在美國專利第4,847,225和4,628,042號中所述者,彼等以在此方面的教導以引用方式納入本文。較佳地,要接受鹼性瀝濾的高嶺土係經煅燒到實質通過其特性放熱曲線以形成尖晶石及/或富鋁紅柱石。更佳者,該經鹼性瀝濾過的高嶺土承載體為微球體,其中在煅燒過該放熱曲線之前該經鹼性瀝濾的高嶺土係用鋁之氯氫氧化物黏合。
該酸性氧化物承載體進一步較佳地具有足夠的表面積以幫助CO氧化促進及控制。較佳地,該氧化物承載體具有至少約20平方米/克,更佳者從約50至高達約300平方米/克的表面積。該酸性氧化物承載體可為粉末,此在用為FCC觸媒的整體部份時為較佳者;或為微球體或粒子,較佳者於用為與FCC觸媒的摻合物之時。
本發明添加劑組成物中所含氧化鈰(ceria)的量可能相對於酸性氧化物承載體的量而有顯著地變異。較佳者,該添加劑組成物含有至少約0.5重量份的氧化鈰每100重量份的酸性氧化物承載體材料,更佳者從至少約1重量份至高達約25重量份的氧化鈰每100份的酸性氧化物承載體材料。
氧化鈰以外的鑭系氧化物包括至少一種除了氧化鈰以外的鑭系金屬氧化物。較佳者,該氧化鈰以外的鑭系氧化物為氧化鐠。氧化鈰以外的鑭系氧化物在該添加劑組成物中的量可相對於該酸性氧化物承載體的量而顯著地變異。較佳者,該添加劑組成物含有相對於組成物中的氧化鈰含量為較低的氧化鈰以外之鑭系氧化物的含量。一般而言,在本發明組成物中,氧化鈰含量對氧化鈰以外的鑭系氧化物含量之比例為從5:1至20:1重量比,較佳者為5:1至10:1。
第Ib族及/或第IIb族過渡金屬可為選自週期表中彼等族的任何金屬或多種金屬的組合。較佳者,該過渡金屬係選自Cu、Ag、Zn和彼等的混合物所組成的群組之中。該過渡金屬的含量較佳者為至少約100重量份(以金屬氧化物形成測量)每百萬份氧化物承載體材料,更佳者從約0.1至高達約5重量份每100份該氧化物承載體材料。
貴金屬的量可依照所欲CO燃燒促進水平而顯著地變異。貴金屬的典型含量係在總添加劑及/或觸媒的50至1500ppm。如用在本文中者,貴金屬包括選自Pt、Pd、Ir、Os、Ru、Rh、Re和彼等的先質諸如鹽和胺錯合物與彼等的混合物所組成的群組之中,較佳者該貴金屬為Pt、Pd或彼等的混合物。
該添加劑組成物可含少量其他材料,其較佳地不會以顯著方式不利地影響CO氧化或NOx控制功能。於本文中對NOx控制的指稱典型地係指從FCC程序的NOx發散之減低,不過其他類型的控制也涵蓋在本發明內包括,例如,在預期有增加的NOx發散之FCC單元中維持NOx發散水平。該添加劑組成物基本上可包括上面所提的(i)-(v)項,第(iv)項係隨意者。在本發明組成物以添加劑粒子形式用在FCC程序的情況中(有別於以整合到FCC觸媒粒子本身的情況),可將添加劑組成物與填充料(如,黏土、氧化矽-氧化鋁、氧化矽及/或氧化鋁粒子)及/或黏合劑(如氧化矽溶膠、氧化鋁溶膠、等)組合以形成適合用於FCC程序的粒子,較佳者在煅燒步驟之前施以噴霧乾燥。更佳者,從鹼性氧化物承載體形成多孔型粒子,也稱為微球體,典型地係在用個別組成分浸漬之前或之後,將粉末氧化物承載體材料與黏合劑/填充料混配且噴霧乾燥。較佳者,所用的任何添加之黏合劑或填充料不會顯著不利地影響添加劑成分的效能。
在該添加劑組成物係以添加劑粒狀物形式使用之情況中(有別於整合到FCC觸媒粒子本身之內的情況),添加劑成分在添加劑粒子中的量較佳者為至少50重量%,更佳者,至少75重量%。最佳者,該添加劑粒子基本上係由添加劑成分所組成。該添加劑粒子較佳者有適合於與觸媒存料在FCC程序中循環之尺寸。該添加劑粒子較佳者具有約20-200微米之平均粒子尺寸。該添加劑粒子較佳者具有抗磨損特性使得彼等可耐住FCCU的嚴厲環境。
如前文提及者,本發明添加劑組成物可整合到FCC觸媒粒子本身之內。於此等情況中,任何習用的FCC觸媒粒子成分都可以與本發明添加劑組成物組合使用。若經整合到FCC觸媒粒子內之時,本發明添加劑組成物較佳者相當於FCC觸媒粒子的至少約0.02重量%。
雖然本發明不限於任何特別的製造方法,不過本發明添加劑組成物可由下列程序製造:(a)用氧化鈰來源,至少一種氧化鈰以外的鑭系氧化物來源,及,隨意地,至少一種第Ib/IIb元素來源,共浸漬酸性氧化物承載體粒子,(b)煅燒步驟(a)經浸漬過的承載體,(c)用合意含量與選擇的貴金屬或先質鹽或錯合物浸漬步驟(b)中形成的材料,(d)隨意地,再煅燒步驟(c)中的經浸漬添加劑。
氧化物來源較佳者為金屬氧化物本身或個別金屬的鹽之漿液、溶膠及/或溶液,彼等會在煅燒時分解成氧化物,或氧化物和鹽的組合。於需要時,可將個別組成分分開地添加到承載體粒子,於各添加之間施以煅燒步驟。該煅燒步驟較佳地係在約450-750℃下實施。
該添加劑組成物可用分開的添加劑粒子形式或為FCC觸媒粒子的整體部份形式使用。若用為添加劑時,添加劑成分本身可經形成為適合用於FCC程序中的粒子。或者,該添加劑成分可與黏合劑、填充料,等以任何習用技術混配。參考,例如,在美國專利第5,194,413號中所述方法,其揭示內容以引用方式納入本文。
在將本發明添加劑成分整合到FCC觸媒粒子內的情況中,較佳者係先將該成分成形,然後與構成FCC觸媒粒子的其他組成分混配。將添加劑組成物直接摻加到FCC觸媒粒子內之步驟可經由任何已知技術予以完成。用於此目的的適當技術之粒子經揭示於美國專利第3,957,689;4,499,197;4,542,188和4,458,623號之中,彼等的揭示內容以引用方式納入本文。
本發明組成物典型地不包含鹼金屬及/或鹼土金屬。鹼金屬及/或鹼土金屬量的不包含意指含有少於本發明添加劑組成物的約1%,較佳者少於約0.5%,且,更佳者,少於約0.1%的鹼金屬和鹼土金屬。於本發明另一方面中,在本發明添加劑組成物中可含鹼金屬及/或鹼土金屬,只要此等,屬係恰當地分布在添加劑粒子即可,如下面要進一步解說者。
本發明組成物可用於任何習用的FCC程序中。典型FCC程序係在450至650℃的反應溫度下進行,而觸媒再生溫度為600至850℃。本發明組成物可用於任何典型烴進料的FCC加工中。較佳者,本發明組成物係用於涉及包含高於平均氮含量的烴進料,尤其是殘留進料或具有至少0.1重量%的氮含量之進料的FCC加工之中。本發明添加劑成分的用量可依特定的FCC程序而變異。較佳者,添加劑成分的用量(在循環床料中)為以在循環觸媒床料中的FCC觸媒重量為基準之約0.05-15重量%。在FCC程序觸媒再生步驟中本發明組成物的存在可以有效地促進CO氧化同時也可減少最終的NOx產生量。
於本發明另一方面中,用於摻加到FCC程序中的粒狀添加劑係經描述為具有所表明的貴金屬分布以有效地促進一氧化碳的氧化同時減少NOx產生。本發明此方面的添加劑係基於下述概念:將貴金屬CO氧化促進劑分布在粒狀添加劑的中央且在整個粒子內分布經發現可用於NOx分解的任何金屬或金屬氧化物。圖1顯示出本發明添加劑的圖形繪示。如圖1中所繪示者,多孔型粒狀添加劑10包括如前所述經標為“Pt”的貴金屬,其主要係分布在添加劑10的中央12。根據本發明的推理者,諸如Pt、Pd、Ir、Os、Ru、Rh、及/或Re等主要分布在多孔型添加劑10的中央區12內之貴金屬能促進CO變成CO2
的氧化。不過,如前文所述者,上述鉑族金屬不僅可促進CO變成CO2
的氧化,而且典型地會形成實質量的NOx。根據本發明,包圍貴金屬的核心分布12且甚至分布到透過核心分布12者為標為“NOx”的金屬或金屬氧化物,彼等係已知可與貴金屬級聯地操作以分解NOx。於圖1中繪示出一殼14,其可包含大比例的此等其他金屬或金屬氧化物用以分解NOx。
例如,殼分布14且甚至於核心分布12可包含氧化鈰和氧化鈰以外的鑭系金屬氧化物,如上所述者,諸如氧化鐠,或別的稀土氧化物。此外,在粒子10整體之內,包括該殼分布14,也可摻加至少一種選自週期表第Ib和IIb族的過渡金屬之氧化物,也如前文所述者。該NOx分解成分可另外包含鹼金屬或鹼土金屬及過渡金屬氧化物,如前文所提W.R.Grace專利中述及者。前引美國專利第6,165,933和6,358,881號皆以彼等的全文以引用方式納入本文。此外,除了在核心分布12中所含的貴金屬以外之貴金屬也可以摻加到整個粒子10之中。依此,如先前技藝中已知者,包括前引專利所述者,雙金屬貴金屬CO氧化促進劑也可分解NOx。再度參照圖1,據信在添加劑10中,由貴金屬所形成的任何NOx成分至此都經導引向粒子的外表面,且會被捕捉或者經分解成氮諸如在包含金屬或金屬氧化物成分的殼分布14中者,其係已知可與貴金屬級聯地操作以分解NOx。圖1中所繪示的分布據信可在貴金屬對CO氧化的促進之中減少的NOx之產生。要了解者,在核心分布12中的貴金屬與在殼分布14中的其他金屬或金屬氧化物之間存在著細微分離。可能且較佳者,在NOx分解成分與核心12之間有某些重疊。不過,一般而言,貴金屬的主要分布係在多孔型粒狀基質的極內部之中,而其他金屬或金屬氧化物則主要分布在靠近粒子的外表面。
為了達到如圖1中所繪金屬觸媒成分在本發明添加劑中的所欲分布,任何已知方法都可為本發明所用。於一種此等方法中,可用貴金屬先浸漬多孔型基材。於浸漬及煅燒以活化該金屬之後,可用額外的氧化物塗覆該承載體,然後用NOx-分解性金屬予以浸漬。或者,可將NOx-分解性金屬混合或浸到塗覆組成物。此方法係載於美國專利第5,935,889號之中,其整個內容以引用方式納入本文。於此方法中,在貴金屬的核心分布之後係塗以一或多份增量的殼層,該殼層可包含一或多種至此已包圍核心貴金屬分布之NOx-分解性金屬。該殼層可經由使用流化床塗覆技術的沈積程序予以形成,其包括重複地塗布與乾燥少量包含殼材料的漿液,其中該漿液係呈膠體分散液,或溶膠或非常細的粒子之形式。
此外也已知者為形成“蛋黃”觸媒分布,其中係將觸媒成分,於此情況中,為貴金屬,集中在粒子的中心。此種方法包括用貴金屬溶液或錯合物,單獨地或與共一浸漬劑一起,浸漬粒子。已知者,經由可以將金屬有效地分布到多孔型粒子的所欲內部之特定乾燥模型,可以影響通過粒子的液體之對流性流動。後續的浸漬可以將一或多種額外金屬分布到該多孔型承載體的外表面之上。不同乾燥方法對於觸媒分布的影響經載於“Predicting the Effect of Drying on Supported Coimpregnation Catalysts,”Lekhal et al.,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.2001,40,pgs:3989-3999。此論文也以其整體以引用方式納入本文。
鉑族金屬的內部分布也已知可經由用鉑族金屬鹽與可與鉑鹽競爭多孔型載體內的吸附之酸一起浸漬多孔型載體例如氧化鋁。例如,可將高表面積的多孔型載體與活性成分液體溶液接觸。該活性成分係通過毛細作用和擴散作用進入該多孔型載體且吸附到可接觸的表面部位上。在氧化鋁承載體只用六氯鉑酸浸漬時,經發現所得觸媒分布輪廓典型地為“蛋殼型”,鉑係座落於承載體表面的薄殼中。已知者,可經由將六氯鉑酸與一酸諸如HCl或檸檬酸一起共浸漬使鉑分布更均勻或分布在觸媒中心,其中該鉑於此係在該多孔型承載體的次表面帶中或在核心之內。其他共浸漬法也被研究過改變鉑成分的分布。依各共浸漬劑的相對擴散和吸附強度而定,可將活性成分“推”進到粒子內部中。一份這種類型的方法之詳述經載於“Preparation of Pt/Gamma-Al2
O3
Pellets with Internal Step-Distribution of Catalyst:Experiments and Theory,”Papageorgiou,et al.,Journal of Catalysis 158,1996,pgs 439-451,與“Catalysis:An Integrated Approach,Second,revised and enlarged editon,”Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research,1999,Chapter 10,此等的整個內容都以引用方式納入本文。
下面的實施例係用以闡明本發明具體實例且無意用以限制由構成申請案部份的申請專利範圍所涵蓋的本發明。
2% Pr6
O1 1
/10% CeO2
/2% CuO/氧化鋁使用硝酸鈰和硝酸鐠的溶液共浸漬氧化鋁承載體粒子到初溼度,乾燥且在1200℉煅燒2小時達到10% CeO2
和2重量% Pr6
O1 1
之含量。於該微球體之上,浸漬硝酸銅,乾燥且在1200℉煅燒2小時達到2重量% CuO之含量。
3% Pr6
O1 1
/18% CeO2
/0.5% CuO/氧化鋁使用硝酸鈰和硝酸鐠的溶液共浸漬氧化鋁承載體粒子到初溼度,乾燥且在1200℉煅燒2小時達到18% CeO2
和3重量% Pr6
O1 1
之含量。為達到此等含量,係將浸漬和煅燒步驟實施兩次。於所得微球體之上,浸漬硝酸銅,乾燥且在1200℉煅燒2小時達到0.5重量% CuO之含量。
2% Pr6
O1 1
/10% CeO2
/氧化鋁使用硝酸鈰和硝酸鐠的溶液共浸漬氧化鋁承載體粒子到初溼度,乾燥且在1200℉煅燒2小時達到10% CeO2
和2重量% Pr6
O1 1
之含量。
於實施例1中所製成的產物上從一乙醇胺錯合物水溶液浸漬鉑到500 ppm之含量。將乾燥後的材料在1200℉煅燒2小時。
於實施例2中所製成的產物上從一乙醇胺錯合物水溶液浸漬鉑到500 ppm之含量。將乾燥後的材料在1200℉般燒2小時。
於實施例2中所製成的產物上從一乙醇胺錯合物水溶液浸漬鉑到200 ppm之含量。將乾燥後的材料在1200℉煅燒2小時。
於實施例3中所製成的產物上從一乙醇胺錯合物水溶液浸漬鉑到500 ppm之含量。將乾燥後的材料在1200℉煅燒2小時。
於實施例2中所製成的產物上從硝酸鹽水溶液浸漬鈀到500 ppm之含量。將乾燥後的材料在1200℉煅燒2小時。
於實施例3中所製成的產物上從硝酸鹽水溶液浸漬鈀到500 ppm之含量。將乾燥後的材料在1200℉煅燒2小時。
500 ppm Pt在氧化鋁上於氧化鋁微球體上從乙醇胺鹽水溶液浸漬鉑到500 ppm之含量。將乾燥後的材料在1200℉煅燒2小時。
500 ppm Pd在氧化鋁上於氧化鋁微球體上從硝酸鹽水溶液浸漬鈀到500 ppm之含量。將乾燥後的材料在1200℉煅燒2小時。
CO氧化檢驗將所要檢驗的添加劑經由將添加劑/FCC觸媒50/50摻合物在1500℉下於100%蒸汽中蒸汽處理4小時予以抑活化。使用化學標誌物來確定在蒸汽處理之後該摻合組成物仍然保留著。CO氧化檢驗係在流體床中使用具有5% CO/3% O2
/5% CO2
其餘為N2
的氣體流在1100℉下進行。經由變異給到該流體床反應器內的添加劑達到不同的CO轉化率。活性係經定義為-ln(1-x)相對於空間時間的曲線之斜率,此處x為CO轉化率。表1顯示出得自CO氧化活性檢驗之數據。
表1結果顯示具有可相比較的貴金屬裝載率之本發明添加劑組成物具有比先前技藝材料較佳的CO氧化促進活性。
NOx減量使用固流體床實驗室反應器。添加劑係經由在1500℉ 100%蒸汽中蒸汽處理4小時予以抑活化。使用含0.2重量%的添加劑與低金屬ECAT的摻合物於檢驗中。經由裂解氣體油在該摻合物上沈積煤焦。在1300℉空氣中再生廢餘觸媒。通過化學致發光測定從所得煙道氣體的NOx發散。以固定的煤焦含量報告出NOx發散。表2中顯示出NOx減量的典型結果。
表2結果顯示出本發明添加劑組成物在與先前技藝添加劑比較時可減低NOx發散。
形成如上面實施例1所述添加劑。於煅燒之後,將粒狀添加劑用氯鉑酸和檸檬酸的混合物予以浸漬。氯鉑酸的量為可提供添加劑中有300ppm的Pt。檸檬酸的量明顯地較為大且提供來與粒子的總表面羥基反應以增強氯鉑酸進入粒子的內部和中央區之擴散作用。在1200℉中將乾燥過的材料煅燒2小時以產生一粒狀添加劑,其含有在中央核心分布的鉑和Pr6
O1 1
,而CeO2
和Cuo主要分布在該核心分布之周圍內。
10...添加劑粒子
12...核分布
14...殼分布
圖1為本發明添加劑的圖形描述,闡明CO氧化促進劑與NOx分解成分的分布。
10...添加劑粒子
12...核分布
14...殼分布
Claims (10)
- 一種適合用於在流體化催化裂解程序的觸媒再生中促進CO的氧化之添加劑粒狀組成物,該組成物包含(i)粒狀酸性氧化物承載體,(ii)至少一種貴金屬用於促進CO氧化,與(iii)能夠分解NOx的金屬或金屬氧化物,該至少一種貴金屬(ii)主要係分布於該粒狀添加劑的中央內部且該金屬或金屬氧化物(iii)主要係分布在整個該粒狀添加劑之內,包括以包圍該至少一種貴金屬的殼之形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該酸性氧化物承載體係選自氧化鋁和氧化矽-氧化鋁所組成的群組之中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該金屬或金屬氧化物(iii)包含氧化鈰以及至少一種氧化鈰以外的鑭系元素之氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之組成物,其中該金屬或金屬氧化物(iii)進一步包含選自銅、銀、鋅和彼等的混合物所組成的群組之中的第Ib族和第IIb族過渡金屬。
- 一種流體化裂解觸媒組成物,其包含(a)適合用於催化烴的裂解之裂解成分,及(b)粒狀添加劑組成物,該組成物包含(i)酸性氧化物承載體,(ii)至少一種貴金屬用於促進CO氧化,與(iii)能夠分解NOx的金屬或金屬氧化物,該至少一種貴金屬(ii)主要係分布於該粒狀添加劑的中央內部且該金屬或金屬氧化物(iii)主要係分布在整個該粒狀添加劑之內,包括以包圍該至少一種貴金屬的殼之形式,該添加劑組成物係與該觸媒成分分開的粒子且係以足以減低CO發散的量存在於該裂解觸媒之內。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之裂解觸媒,其中該添加劑成分(b)構成該裂解觸媒組成物的約0.05至15重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之裂解觸媒組成物,其中該金屬或金屬氧化物(iii)包含氧化鈰及至少一種氧化鈰以外的鑭系元素之氧化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之裂解觸媒組成物,其中該氧化鈰以外的鑭系元素之氧化物為氧化鐠。
- 一種在將烴進料流體化催化裂解成為較低分子量成分之中促進CO氧化之方法,該方法包括令烴進料與適合用於在增溫之下催化烴的裂解之裂解觸媒接觸,藉以在粒狀CO氧化促進劑的存在中形成較低分子量烴成分,其中該粒狀組成物包含(i)酸性氧化物承載體,(ii)至少一種貴金屬用於促進CO氧化,與(iii)能夠分解NOx的金屬或金屬氧化物,該至少一種貴金屬(ii)主要係分布於該粒狀組成物的中央內部且該金屬或金屬氧化物(iii)主要係分布在整個該粒狀組成物之內,包括以包圍該至少一種貴金屬的殼之形式,該CO減低用組成物係以足以減低該CO發散的量存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該裂解觸媒在與烴進料接觸之中係經流體化者。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US65982105P | 2005-03-09 | 2005-03-09 | |
US11/366,651 US7959792B2 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2006-03-02 | CO oxidation promoters for use in FCC processes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW200643162A TW200643162A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
TWI398509B true TWI398509B (zh) | 2013-06-11 |
Family
ID=36636518
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW095107602A TWI398509B (zh) | 2005-03-09 | 2006-03-07 | 用於流體化觸媒裂解(fcc)法中之一氧化碳氧化作用促進劑 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7959792B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1879982B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101203584B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE451440T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602006010994D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1879982T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI398509B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006098914A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2872061B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-23 | 2007-04-27 | Toulouse Inst Nat Polytech | Composition solide divisee formee de grains a depot metallique atomique continu et son procede d'obtention |
WO2008148683A1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-11 | Albemarle Netherlands, B.V. | Fcc co oxidation promoters |
US11208514B2 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2021-12-28 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions |
US7884163B2 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2011-02-08 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Silica-coated alumina activator-supports for metallocene catalyst compositions |
US7959892B2 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2011-06-14 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Reduction of CO and NOx in full burn regenerator flue gas |
US9533286B2 (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2017-01-03 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Sinter resistant catalytic material and process of producing the same |
CN105246590A (zh) * | 2013-07-11 | 2016-01-13 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | 镧系氧化物减少催化剂烧结的用途 |
JP6587381B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-22 | 2019-10-09 | 中国石油化工股▲ふん▼有限公司 | 金属修飾されたy型ゼオライト、その製法およびその使用 |
IN2013MU04120A (zh) | 2013-12-30 | 2015-08-07 | Indian Oil Corp Ltd | |
US9868111B2 (en) | 2016-02-27 | 2018-01-16 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Catalyst for direct NOx decomposition and a method of forming and using the catalyst |
NL2020819B1 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-31 | Cochise Tech Llc | A co to co2 combustion promoter |
WO2019195088A2 (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-10 | Cochise Technology, Llc | A co to co2 combustion promoter |
CN113262606A (zh) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-08-17 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | 一种煤矿用一氧化碳复合抑制吸收剂及其制备方法 |
WO2024149668A1 (en) | 2023-01-09 | 2024-07-18 | Basf Se | Process for removing nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide from a gas stream |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW200404024A (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-03-16 | Intercat Inc | Flue gas treatments to reduce NOx and CO emissions |
US20040072675A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-15 | C. P. Kelkar | CO oxidation promoters for use in FCC processes |
US20040209770A1 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2004-10-21 | Tadao Nakatsuji | Catalyst and method for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4350614A (en) | 1973-09-20 | 1982-09-21 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic cracking catalyst |
US4072600A (en) | 1974-02-08 | 1978-02-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic cracking process |
US4088568A (en) | 1976-01-15 | 1978-05-09 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons |
US4107032A (en) | 1976-11-01 | 1978-08-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for cracking hydrocarbons |
US4171286A (en) | 1977-01-10 | 1979-10-16 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Catalytic cracking |
US4222856A (en) | 1977-06-09 | 1980-09-16 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method for promoting regeneration of a catalyst in a fluidized regenerator |
US4199435A (en) | 1978-12-04 | 1980-04-22 | Chevron Research Company | NOx Control in cracking catalyst regeneration |
US4290878A (en) | 1978-12-08 | 1981-09-22 | Chevron Research Company | NOx control in platinum-promoted complete combustion cracking catalyst regeneration |
US4300997A (en) * | 1979-10-12 | 1981-11-17 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Catalytic cracking with reduced emission of noxious gas |
US4311581A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1982-01-19 | Union Oil Company Of California | Process for reducing CO and SOx emissions from catalytic cracking units |
US4544645A (en) | 1982-02-02 | 1985-10-01 | Chevron Research Company | Promoter for the oxidation of SO2 in an FCC process |
US4608357A (en) | 1984-02-06 | 1986-08-26 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic cracking with mullite composition promoted combustion of carbon monoxide |
US5286370A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1994-02-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic cracking using a layered cracking catalyst |
US5110780A (en) | 1988-08-12 | 1992-05-05 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst |
US5164072A (en) | 1988-08-12 | 1992-11-17 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst |
US5085762A (en) * | 1990-07-05 | 1992-02-04 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons |
US5565399A (en) | 1994-06-29 | 1996-10-15 | Engelhard Corp | Co oxidation promoter and use thereof for catalytic cracking |
AU5721996A (en) | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-21 | Tricat Industries Inc. | Catalyst and process for preparing same |
US6165933A (en) | 1995-05-05 | 2000-12-26 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Reduced NOx combustion promoter for use in FCC processes |
US6129834A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 2000-10-10 | W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn. | NOx reduction compositions for use in FCC processes |
US6214307B1 (en) * | 1996-04-11 | 2001-04-10 | Ict Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purifying catalyst and exhaust gas purifying method |
US6107240A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 2000-08-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalyst composition containing an intimately mixed oxide of cerium and praseodymium |
US6660683B1 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2003-12-09 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | NOx reduction compositions for use in FCC processes |
JP2004283775A (ja) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Kyushu Electric Power Co Inc | 一酸化炭素選択酸化触媒組成物 |
-
2006
- 2006-03-02 US US11/366,651 patent/US7959792B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-03 WO PCT/US2006/007731 patent/WO2006098914A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-03 DK DK06736968.6T patent/DK1879982T3/da active
- 2006-03-03 AT AT06736968T patent/ATE451440T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-03 CN CN2006800157251A patent/CN101203584B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-03 EP EP06736968A patent/EP1879982B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-03 DE DE602006010994T patent/DE602006010994D1/de active Active
- 2006-03-07 TW TW095107602A patent/TWI398509B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040209770A1 (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2004-10-21 | Tadao Nakatsuji | Catalyst and method for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides |
TW200404024A (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-03-16 | Intercat Inc | Flue gas treatments to reduce NOx and CO emissions |
US20040072675A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-15 | C. P. Kelkar | CO oxidation promoters for use in FCC processes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101203584B (zh) | 2012-02-08 |
US20060204420A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
WO2006098914A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
CN101203584A (zh) | 2008-06-18 |
TW200643162A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
ATE451440T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
EP1879982A1 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
EP1879982B1 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
US7959792B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
DE602006010994D1 (de) | 2010-01-21 |
DK1879982T3 (da) | 2010-03-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI398509B (zh) | 用於流體化觸媒裂解(fcc)法中之一氧化碳氧化作用促進劑 | |
CA2468152C (en) | Nox reduction composition for use in fcc processes | |
US7045056B2 (en) | CO oxidation promoters for use in FCC processes | |
JP5752875B2 (ja) | FCCUにおけるNOx排気を制御する方法 | |
KR101133833B1 (ko) | 유체 촉매적 분해 동안 질소 산화물의 방출을 감소시키는페리어라이트 조성물 | |
CA2563499A1 (en) | Compositions and processes for reducing nox emissions during fluid catalytic cracking | |
TWI322034B (en) | Nox reduction compositions for use in fcc processes | |
CN1729041A (zh) | 降低部分燃烧fcc工艺中的气相还原态含氮物质 | |
EP1713579A1 (en) | NO sb X /sb REDUCTION COMPOSITION FOR USE IN FCC PROCESSES | |
US5110780A (en) | Carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst | |
JP5584252B2 (ja) | 多機能触媒添加剤組成物およびその調製方法 | |
KR20060017845A (ko) | 촉매적 분해 공정에서 재생 구역의 가스 도관으로부터nh3 및 hcn을 제거하기 위한 촉매 첨가제 | |
US20090050529A1 (en) | FCC CO Oxidation Promoters | |
JP2008519101A (ja) | 十分な燃焼モードのFCCプロセスにおけるNOx排出の低減法 | |
Xu et al. | Catalyst additives for the removal of NH 3 and HCN |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |