TWI393585B - 分散劑 - Google Patents
分散劑 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI393585B TWI393585B TW094145512A TW94145512A TWI393585B TW I393585 B TWI393585 B TW I393585B TW 094145512 A TW094145512 A TW 094145512A TW 94145512 A TW94145512 A TW 94145512A TW I393585 B TWI393585 B TW I393585B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- dispersant
- residue
- parts
- formula
- Prior art date
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940114072 12-hydroxystearic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000879 imine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- -1 2-hydroxyethylphenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 18
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical class O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HSVPRYWNEODRGU-UHFFFAOYSA-J butanoate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O HSVPRYWNEODRGU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxylauric acid Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019239 indanthrene blue RS Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indanthrone blue Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=C4NC5=C6C(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7C(=O)C6=CC=C5NC4=C3C(=O)C2=C1 UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LMHJFKYQYDSOQO-SECBINFHSA-N (5r)-5-hydroxydecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC[C@@H](O)CCCC(O)=O LMHJFKYQYDSOQO-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HXVNBWAKAOHACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)C(C)C HXVNBWAKAOHACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRNCMAKCNVRZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCO PRNCMAKCNVRZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CCTFMNIEFHGTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropyl acetate Chemical compound COCCCOC(C)=O CCTFMNIEFHGTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQAVZEYXLCYOKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxycapric acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCC(O)=O QQAVZEYXLCYOKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-hexanone Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(C)=O FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical class COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CC RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISRUGXGCCGIOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rhoden Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)C ISRUGXGCCGIOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMOLZNNXZPAGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyldecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CCCCCC JMOLZNNXZPAGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950004531 hexyldecanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- LMHJFKYQYDSOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxydecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)CCCC(O)=O LMHJFKYQYDSOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCHKEJKUUXXBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-2-(3-formylindol-1-yl)acetamide Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(C=O)=CN1CC(=O)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 RCHKEJKUUXXBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobarium;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron Chemical compound [Ba]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O AJCDFVKYMIUXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013225 prussian blue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000992 solvent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical compound S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013976 turmeric Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
- C09B67/0002—Grinding; Milling with solid grinding or milling assistants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0084—Dispersions of dyes
- C09B67/0085—Non common dispersing agents
- C09B67/009—Non common dispersing agents polymeric dispersing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/16—Writing inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/16—Writing inks
- C09D11/18—Writing inks specially adapted for ball-point writing instruments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
- C09D11/324—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black
- C09D11/326—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black characterised by the pigment dispersant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
Description
本發明係有關用來將微粒狀固體分散於有機介質之分散劑;以及有關研磨基劑、塗料及墨水,包括噴墨列印墨水。
專利參考文獻中有多個公告案揭示從聚(C2 - 4
-伸烷基亞胺)(後文稱作為PAI)諸如聚伸乙基亞胺(後文稱作為PEI)附接有聚酯鏈衍生而得的聚酯胺分散劑。聚酯鏈可衍生自如US 4,224,212揭示之12-羥基硬脂酸,或聚酯鏈可衍生自兩種或兩種以上不同的羥基羧酸或其內酯,如US 5,700,395及US 6,197,877之揭示。今日發現可做進一步改良,藉此讓聚伸烷基亞胺中的任何胺基及/或亞胺基與氧或尿素反應。改良部分包括顏料分散液之流動性優異;可用於酸催化劑方法、環氧樹脂塗覆法及異氰酸酯塗覆法等用途;以及當曝露於紫外光時具有耐變色性等中之至少一者。
如此,根據本發明,提供一種式(1)分散劑:T-V-(A)m
-U-Z-Wx
式(1)其中T為聚合終結基;V為直接鍵或二價鍵聯基;A為一個或多個不同的羥基羧酸或其內酯之殘基;U為直接鍵或二價鍵聯基;Z為聚胺或聚亞胺之殘基;W為氧化物或尿素之殘基;m為2至2000;及x為從1至未載有T-V-(A)m
-U-基團的Z(Z之未經取代價數)中可用之胺基及/或可用之亞胺基的最大數目。
本發明提供一種如前文說明之組成物。
於一個實施例中,至少有兩個附接至Z的T-V-(A)m
-基團,此等基團可相同或相異。
當V為二價鍵聯基時,於一個實施例中,V為-CO-。
當T為聚合終結基時,T包括羧酸R-COOH或醇R-OH殘基,此處R為選擇性經取代之C1 - 5 0
-烴基。
於一個實施例中,R含有不多於40個碳原子,或不多於30個碳原子,或不多於20個碳原子。
R可為芳基、芳烷基、雜芳基、環烷基或烷基(烯基)其可為線性或分支。於一個實施例中,R為烷基。
當R為芳基時,R包括苯基或萘基,其係選擇性經以C1 - 2 0
烷基、C1 - 2 0
烷氧基、鹵素、脂或苯氧基取代。R-COOH之特例為苯甲酸或萘2-羧酸。R-OH之特例為酚、2-萘酚、4-辛基酚及4-壬基酚。
當R為芳烷基時,R包括苯基乙酸、萘氧基乙酸、苄醇或2-羥基乙基苯基。
當R為雜芳基時,R可為噻吩基。
當R為環烷基時,R包括C3 - 8
-環烷基,其適當實例為環丙基或環己基,其係選擇性經以一或多個C1 - 6
烷基取代。
如前文說明,R為選擇性經取代之烷基,例如含有一個或多個醚基之烷基。R-COOH之適當實例為甲氧基乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、己酸、辛酸、月桂酸、十二烷酸、硬脂酸、2-乙基丁酸、2-乙基己酸、2-丁基辛酸、2-己基癸酸、2-辛基十二烷酸及2-癸基十四烷酸。此類型之分支烷基羧酸可以商品名艾索卡(Isocarb)(得自康地亞公司(Condea GmbH)),其特例為艾索卡12、16、20、28、32、34T及36。多種羧酸於市面上可呈混合物形式獲得。
當R為經取代時,R可於R-COOH含有一個或多個醚基或至少兩個醚基。醚基可組成含丙氧基、乙氧基或丁氧基基團包括其混合物之聚C1 - 4
伸烷基氧化物鏈。於一個實施例中,混合物包括丙氧基/乙氧基聚醚鏈。當聚醚鏈含有多於一個不同的伸烷基氧化物單元時,常見環氧乙烷之含量占聚醚鏈不低於50%,不低於70%或不低於90%重量比。於一個實施例中,聚醚鏈整個係由環氧乙烷單元所組成。
當R-COOH含有聚醚鏈時,R-COOH包括聚伸烷基氧基一C1 - 2 4
-烷基醚。於一個實施例中,聚伸乙基氧基一烷基醚之重量平均分子量不大於2000,不大於1000或不大於600。式R1
-O-(CH2
CH2
O)q
CH2
COOH之一烷基醚羧酸可以商品名亞奇伯(Akypo)(花王公司(Kao Chemicals GmbH)製造)購得。特例為亞奇伯LF1(R1
為C8
,q=5),亞奇伯LF2(R1
為C8
,q=8),亞奇伯RLM 25(R1
為C1 2
/C1 4
,q=2.5),亞奇伯RLM 45 CA(R1
為C1 2
/C1 4
,q=4.5),亞奇伯RO 20 VG(R1
為C1 6
/C1 8
,q=2)及亞奇伯RO 50 VG(R1
為C1 6
/C1 8
,q=5)。
R-OH之實例為甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、正辛醇、正癸醇、正十二烷醇、正十四烷醇、正十六烷醇、正十八烷醇、油醇、異丙醇、異丁醇、第三丁醇、2-乙基丁醇、3-庚醇、2-乙基己醇、3,5,5-三甲基己醇、3,7-二甲基辛醇和所謂之葛貝醇(Guerbet alcohols)諸如市面以商品名艾索芙(Isofol)(得自康地亞公司)製造購得之醇,包括其混合物。葛貝醇之特例為艾索芙12、14T、16、18T、18E、20、24、28、32、32T及36。
於一個實施例中,R-OH中之R為經取代之烷基,R含有一個或多個醚基,於另一個實施例中,R含有不少於兩個醚基。醚基可組成含丙氧基、伸乙基氧基或伸丁基氧基重複單元的聚C1 - 4
伸烷基氧基鏈,包括其混合基團。若聚醚鏈含有多於一個不同的伸烷基氧基重複單元,則一個實施例中,伸烷基氧基單元之存在量不低於50%,另一個實施例中,不低於70%,以及另一個實施例中,存在量不低於聚醚鏈的90%重量比。於一個實施例中,聚醚鏈只含有伸乙基氧基單元。於一個實施例中,此型醇類為聚伸乙基氧基一C1 - 2 4
-烷基醚類,諸如C1 - 1 2
-一烷基醚類或C1 - 6
-一烷基醚類。典型地,因一甲基醚類方便易得故使用一甲基醚類。於一個實施例中,聚伸烷基氧基一烷基醚類之重量平均分子量不大於2000,於另一個實施例中,重量平均分子量不大於1000。聚伸乙基氧基一甲基醚類之特例具有重量平均分子量為350、550或750。其它聚醚一烷基醚類之實例為葛貝醇(Guerbet alcohol)類,其與環氧乙烷反應,包括具有重量平均分子量為250至750之醚類。
可衍生A的羥基羧酸常見為羥基-C2 - 2 0
-伸烯基羧酸類或羥基-C1 - 2 0
-伸烷基羧酸。伸烷基(伸烯基)可為線性或分支。羥基羧酸類之實例為蓖麻油酸、12-羥基硬脂酸、6-羥基己酸、5-羥基戊酸、12-羥基十二烷酸、5-羥基十二烷酸、5-羥基癸酸、4-羥基癸酸、10-羥基十一烷酸、乳酸及乙醇酸。
如前文說明,A可衍生自內酯。適當內酯之實例為β-丙內酯,選擇性經烷基取代之ε-己內酯、及選擇性經烷基取代之δ-戊內酯。於一個實施例中,ε-己內酯和δ-戊內酯的烷基取代基包括C1 - 6
-烷基或C1 - 4
-烷基且可為線性或分支。適當內酯之實例為ε-己內酯及其7-甲基-、3-甲基-、5-甲基-、6-甲基-、4-甲基-、5-第三丁基-、4,4,6-三甲基-及4,6,6-三甲基-類似物。
可使用羥基羧酸及/或內酯之混合物。
當A係衍生自選擇性經取代之ε-己內酯以及一種或多種其它內酯時,於一個實施例中,該ε-己內酯係以占內酯總量不低於50%,不低於70%,或不低於90%重量比存在。於一個實施例中,A係衍生自ε-己內酯本身。
R-COOH和羥基羧酸或內酯的選擇可於寬廣極限範圍內改變,且依據微粒狀和微粒狀有機介質之本質決定。當有機介質為非極性時,除羧酸基以外,羥基羧酸經常含有不少於8個碳原子。非極性有機介質的有用分散劑係得自於12-羥基十二烷酸、5-羥基十二烷酸、5-羥基癸酸、4-羥基癸酸。於一個實施例中,非極性有機介質之分散劑係從12-羥基硬脂酸或蓖麻油酸獲得。以非極性有機介質為例,含有8個或8個以上碳原子之此等羥基羧酸也可混合除了羧酸基或其內酯之外,含有至多6個碳原子之羥基羧酸。於一個實施例中,此種混合物中含有至多6個碳原子之羥基羧酸含量,以羥基羧酸或內酯總量為基準係不大於50%或不大於30%。含有羥基羧酸混合物之非極性有機介質的有用分散劑為其中A係衍生自12-羥基硬脂酸與ε-己內酯之混合物,以及A係衍生自蓖麻油酸與ε-己內酯之混合物。
當有機介質為極性複合物或樹脂複合物時,於一個實施例中,A係衍生自除了羧酸基或其內酯外,含有至多6個碳原子之羥基羧酸。如此,極性有機介質和樹脂複合物之一項重要分散劑類別為其中A係衍生自ε-己內酯,該ε-己內酯可混合經C1 - 6
-烷基取代之ε-己內酯、經C1 - 6
-烷基取代之δ-戊內酯或δ-戊內酯本身。於一個實施例中,以羥基羧酸或內酯總量為基準,ε-己內酯之含量係不低於50%或不低於70%。
於另一個實施例中,該類別分散劑,亦即由T-V-(A)m
-U-所表現的不同聚酯鏈可附接至Z,此處一個聚酯鏈為得自除了羧酸基團之外含有不少於8個碳原子之羥基羧酸的衍生物,第二個聚酯鏈為除了羧酸基團或其內酯外,含有至多6個碳原子之羥基羧酸衍生物。此種分散劑於極性有機介質和非極性有機介質可提供較高用途,但比特別設計用於個別有機介質的分散劑較為無效。
當U為二價鍵結時,U包括Z為鹼性基團或含鹼性基團部分的乙烯性不飽和基團的殘基。於一個實施例中,含有乙烯性不飽和基團之殘基含羥基,且係衍生自(甲基)丙烯酸[申請人使用(xxxx)來指示取代基之存在為選擇性(本例中,甲基係於丙烯醯基的β碳)]。含有乙烯性不飽和基團和羥基之化合物實例為(甲基)丙烯酸羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羥基丁酯、聚乙烯一(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇一(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇聚四亞甲基二醇一(甲基)丙烯酸酯及聚丙二醇聚四亞甲基二醇一(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例如布雷莫(Blemmer)PE、布雷莫PP、得自日本油脂公司(Nihon Yushi Co Ltd.))。於一個實施例中,該乙烯性不飽和基團為(甲基)丙烯酸羥基乙酯的衍生物。
熟諳技藝人士了解也可從式3之TPOAC酸製造分散劑,始於醇ROH,經由與二元酸或二元酸酐反應而轉換成為以羧酸為端基的聚合物,其隨後可與胺、聚胺或聚亞胺反應。此等分散劑為其中V或U為二元酸或二元酸酐殘基的式1分散劑。
Z表示之聚胺實例為聚乙烯基胺及聚烯丙基胺。
於一個實施例中,該聚亞胺為聚(C2 - 6
-伸烷基亞胺)及/或聚伸乙基亞胺(後文稱作PEI)。聚亞胺可為線性或分支。線性聚伸乙基亞胺可經由聚(N-醯基)伸烷基亞胺水解而製備,例如說明於Takeo Saegusa等人,巨分子,1972年,第5期,4470頁。具有不同分子量之分支聚伸乙基亞胺可得自BASF公司和日本觸媒公司(Nihon Shokubai)。具有不同分子量之聚烯丙基胺和聚-(N-烷基)烯丙基胺於市面上可購自日東(Nitto)Boseki。具有不同分子量之聚乙烯基胺可得自三菱化成公司(Mitsubishi Kasai)。聚(伸丙基亞胺)樹狀體於市面上可得自DSM精密化學公司,聚(醯胺基胺)樹狀體可以「樹狀體(Starburst)」之名得自亞利希化學公司(Aldrich Chemical Co)。
於一個實施例中,聚胺或聚亞胺之數目平均分子量係於500至600,000,或1,000至200,000,或1,000至100,000,或1200至約20,000或100,000之範圍。
於一個實施例中,m不大於1000,或不大於100,例如不大於50或不大於20。
當Q為尿素殘基時,Z與尿素反應時,Z的游離亞胺基或胺基數目可能限於不會載有T-V-(A)m
-U基團的最大可用氮原子數。
當Q為氧化物殘基時,未載有T-V-(A)m
-U基團的Z中之任何胺基或亞胺基,可經由與氧(包括空氣)或過氧化物(諸如過氧化氫或過硫酸銨)反應而被轉成N-氧化物。
當T為酸R-COOH之殘基,V為直接鍵時,於一個實施例中的分散劑為衍生自式2之酸:R-CO(A)m
-OH式(2)於後文稱作TPOAC酸。
根據本發明之分散劑典型有兩個或更多個式(3)鏈附接至聚胺或聚亞胺:T-V-(A)m
-U式(3)其中T、V、A、U及m係如前文定義。
式(3)表示之各個鏈可經由下列鍵聯而鍵聯至聚胺或聚亞胺:經由形成於TPOCA酸之端末羰基與聚胺或聚亞胺之第一氮原子或第二氮原子間之共價醯胺鍵聯-CON<;或經由TPOAC酸之端末-COOH基團與聚胺或聚亞胺之經取代的銨基的帶正電的氮原子間所形成的彼此鍵聯-COO-
NH+
=。因分散劑含有兩個或兩個以上T-V-(A)m
-U鏈,故依據製備上使用反應條件而定,可含有醯胺鍵聯和鹽鍵聯之混合。
本發明之第一態樣之分散劑可方便地以式(4)表示:
其中,X-*
-*
-X表示聚胺或聚亞胺;Y表示T-V-(A)m
-U鏈,其可相同或相異,且係透過醯胺鍵聯及/或鹽鍵聯而鍵聯;以及r為2至2000;以及T、A、B及m係如前文定義。
於一個實施例中,r為不小於10。於另一個實施例中,r為不大於1000或不大於500。
於一個實施例中,Y對X-*
-*
-X之重量比係由30:1至1:1,或由20:1至2:1。
於一個實施例中,X-*
-*
-X表示聚(C2 - 4
-伸烷基亞胺)(PAI)或聚伸乙基亞胺(PEI)。
於一個實施例中,PAI具有數目平均分子量由500至600,000,或由1,000至200,000,或由1,000至100,000,例如由1,200至70,000。
本發明之第一態樣之分散劑典型係經由預先形成之TPOAC酸與聚烯丙基胺、聚乙烯基胺或PAI於100℃至150℃之溫度,經常於惰性氣氛下反應而製備。
於一個實施例中,TPOAC酸之製法係經由(a)羥基羧酸,(b)內酯,(c)胺基羧酸或(d)其混合物中之一者或多者反應而製備。於一個實施例中,TPOAC酸為(a)-(c)中之二者或更多者之混合物。
Y表示之鏈為相同或相異。
於一個實施例中,TPOAC酸係於50℃至250℃之溫度,選擇性地於羧酸R-COOH存在下,且選擇性地於酯化催化劑存在下而製備。於一個實施例中,溫度係不低於100℃,或不低於150℃。為了減少終產物的焦化,溫度通常係不高於200℃。惰性氣氛可由週期表之任一種惰性氣體提供,但通常為氮氣。
酯化催化劑可為先前技藝界已知之任一種酯化催化劑,且包括鈦酸四烷酯,例如鈦酸四丁酯、有機酸之鋅鹽例如乙酸鋅、脂肪醇之鋯鹽例如異丙氧化鋯、甲苯磺酸或強有機酸如三氟乙酸。
於本發明之另一個實施例中,提供式(4)分散劑,其中U表示式(5)之鏈殘基:
其中A.R及m係如前文定義;R2
為氫或C1 - 4
-烷基;以及R3
為含至多10個碳原子之脂肪族殘基或芳香族殘基,其可選擇性含有衍生自環氧丙烷及/或環氧乙烷之聚醚殘基。
當R2
為C1 - 4
烷基時;於一個實施例中,R2
為甲基。
R3
為C2 - 6
-伸烷基;且於一個實施例中,R3
為C2 - 4
-伸烷基。
含有式(6)之鏈殘基之分散劑可方便地經由聚胺或聚亞胺進行加成至式(6)化合物的麥可氏(Michael)加成反應而製備:
其中A、R、R2
、R3
及m係如前文定義。
式(6)化合物可方便地經由含羥基之(烷基)丙烯酸衍生物與預先形成的式2 TPOAC酸於50℃至150℃,或80℃至120℃溫度,於空氣或氧存在下反應而製備。於一個實施例中,該反應係於酯化催化劑存在下進行,該酯化催化劑諸如鈦酸四烷酯例如鈦酸四丁酯、金屬烷氧化物諸如鈦酸四異丙酯、錫催化劑如氯化亞錫、辛酸亞錫或一丁基氧化錫或酸催化劑諸如甲苯磺酸或三氟乙酸。於一個實施例中,反應係於聚合抑制劑存在下進行,來抑制式8化合物或(烷基)丙烯酸衍生物的自我聚合反應。聚合抑制劑之實例為(甲基)氫醌和啡噻。氧氣也可用作為聚合抑制劑。
聚胺或聚亞胺與式7化合物間之反應可經由加熱至10℃至130℃,或20℃至100℃之溫度進行。
式(5)化合物與聚胺或聚亞胺間之反應可選擇性於對反應物呈惰性之溶劑存在下進行。適當溶劑之實例為烴類如甲苯、二甲苯及沙維索(solvesso),酮類如丙酮、異丁酮及甲基異丁基甲酮、烷醇類如正丁醇或異丙醇、及酯類如乙酸丁酯、己二酸二甲酯、丁二酸二甲酯及戊二酸二甲酯。
如前文揭示,於分散劑之游離胺基及/或亞胺基隨後與氧化劑或尿素反應。
如前文說明,分散劑特別可用來將微粒狀固體分散於有機介質或極性有機介質。
根據本發明之又一態樣,提供一種包含微粒狀固體和式1分散劑之組成物。
根據本發明之又另一態樣,提供一種包含式1分散劑、微粒狀固體和有機介質之分散液。
存在於分散液之固體可為任一種於相關溫度實質上不可溶於有機介質,且期望呈細分形式穩定的任一種無機固體材料或有機固體材料。
適當固體的實例為溶劑墨水用之顏料;塗料和塑膠材料用之顏料、增量劑和填充劑;染料例如分散染料;溶劑染料浴、墨水及其它溶劑施用系統之光學增艷劑和紡織輔劑;基於油且為反相相液之鑽孔泥用之固體;乾式清潔流體用之灰和實心粒子;微粒狀陶瓷材料;磁性材料和磁性記錄媒體、阻燃劑諸如用於塑膠材料之阻燃劑,以及呈於有機介質之分散液應用的殺生物劑、農用化學品和醫藥品。
於一個實施例中,固體為得自所述任一類顏料之顏料,例如述於色彩指標第三版(1971年)及隨後之修訂版及補遺,標題「顏料」之章節。無機顏料之實例為二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、普魯士藍、硫化鎘、鐵氧化物、弗米利亞(vermilion)、超海藍及鉻顏料包括鉻酸鹽、鉬酸鹽及鉛、鋅、鋇、鈣及其混合物之鉻酸鹽與硫酸鹽之混合物、及其修改例,於市面上可以櫻草鉻、檸檬鉻、中間鉻、橙鉻、猩紅鉻和紅鉻等名稱,呈綠-黃色鉻至紅色鉻,而於市面上購得。有機顏料之實例為得自偶氮、重氮、縮合偶氮、硫靛青、陰丹松(indanthrone)、異陰丹松、嗯松(anthanthrone)、嗯醌、異二苄松(isodibenzanthrone)、三苯二(triphendioxazine)、喹吖啶酮及呔花青(phthalocyanine)系列之顏料,例如銅呔花青及其核鹵化衍生物,同時也包括酸、鹼性染料和腐蝕性染料等色澱。碳黑雖然嚴格言之為無機,但碳黑的分散性質較為類似有機顏料。於一個實施例中,有機顏料為呔花青類,例如銅呔花青、一偶氮類、重氮類、陰丹松類、嗯松類、喹吖啶酮類和碳黑類。
其它適當固體包括:增量劑和填充劑諸如滑石、高嶺土、矽氧、重晶石(barytes)及白堊;微粒狀陶瓷材料例如鋁氧、矽氧、鋯氧、鈦氧、氮化矽、氮化硼、碳化矽、碳化硼、混合矽-鋁氮化物及金屬鈦酸鹽類;微粒狀磁性材料諸如磁性過渡金屬氧化物如鐵和鉻之氧化物例如γ-Fe2
O3
、Fe3
O4
、及攙鈷-鐵氧化物、氧化鈣、鐵氧體及鋇鐵氧體;及金屬粒子諸如金屬鐵、鎳、鈷及其合金;農用化學品例如殺真菌劑富路菜芬(flutriafen)、卡本達金(carbendazim)、克洛沙洛尼(chlorothalonil)及曼可奇(mancozeb);及阻燃劑諸如鋁三水合物及氫氧化鎂。
於一個實施例中,存在於本發明之分散液之有機介質為極性有機介質、或實質上非極性芳香族烴或鹵化烴。有關有機介質的「極性」一詞表示可形成中等鍵結至強鍵結的有機液體或樹脂,述於文章名稱「溶解度之三維手段」,作者Crowley等人,塗料技術期刊,第38期,1966年,269頁。此種有機介質如前文定義,通常具有5個或5個以上的氫鍵數目。
適當極性有機液體之實例為胺類、醚類,例如低碳烷基醚類、有機酸類、酯類、酮類、甘醇類、醇類及醯胺類。多個此種中強氫鍵液體之特例列舉於書籍名稱「相容性及溶解度」,作者Ibert Mellan(1968年諾葉斯發展公司出版(Noyes Development Corporation)),第39-40頁,表2.14;此等液體皆係落入如此處使用之極性有機液體一詞的範圍內。
於一個實施例中,極性有機液體為二烷基酮類、烷羧酸與烷醇之烷基酯類,諸如含有至多(含)共6個碳原子之此種液體。有機液體之適當實例包括二烷基甲酮類及環烷基甲酮類,諸如丙酮、異丁酮、二乙基甲酮、二異丙基甲酮、甲基異丁基甲酮、二異丁基甲酮、甲基異戊基甲酮、甲基正戊基甲酮及環己酮;烷基酯類如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯、乙酸甲氧基丙酯及丁酸乙酯;甘醇類及甘醇酯類及甘醇醚類諸如乙二醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、3-甲氧基丙基丙醇、3-乙氧基丙基丙醇、乙酸2-丁氧基乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丙酯、乙酸3-乙氧基丙酯及乙酸2-乙氧基乙酯;烷醇類諸如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇及異丁醇;及二烷基醚類及環狀醚類諸如乙醚及四氫呋喃。
實質上非極性有機液體可單獨使用,或混合前述極性溶劑使用之有機液體為芳香族烴類如甲苯和二甲苯、脂肪族烴類如己烷、庚烷、辛醇、癸烷、石油餾出物如石油醚、礦油類、植物油類及鹵化脂肪族烴和鹵化芳香族烴,諸如三氯乙烯、全氯乙烯及氯苯。
至於本發明之分散液形式之介質,適當極性樹脂之實例為成膜樹脂,諸如適合用於製備墨水、塗料和晶片來用於諸如塗料和墨水等多項用途的成膜樹脂。此等樹脂之實例包括聚醯胺類如維沙蜜(Versamid)T M
及渥法蜜(Wolfamid)T M
及纖維素醚類如乙基纖維素和乙基羥基乙基纖維素。塗料樹脂之實例包括短油醇酸樹脂/蜜胺-甲醛、聚酯樹脂/蜜胺-甲醛熱固性丙烯酸系樹脂/蜜胺-甲醛、長油醇酸樹脂及多介質樹脂如丙烯酸系樹脂及尿素/醛樹脂。
樹脂也可為不飽和聚酯樹脂包括所謂的薄片模製化合物和本體模製化合物,其可以加強纖維和填充劑調配。此等模製化合物述於DE 3,643,007和P F Bruins之單章名稱「不飽和聚酯技術」,Gordon及Breach科學出版社,1976年,211至238頁。
若所有需,分散液可含有其它成分,諸如樹脂(並未組成有機介質)黏結劑、流化劑(例如述於GB-A-1508576及GB-A-2108143)、抗沉澱劑、增塑劑、均平劑(leveling agent)和保藏劑。
分散液典型含有5至95%重量比固體,確切含量係依據固體本質和固體與有機介質之相對密度決定。例如,其中固體為有機材料如有機顏料之分散液,典型含有15至60%重量比固體,而固體為無機材料如無機顏料、填充劑或增量劑之分散液典型含有占分散液總重之40至90%重量比固體。
分散液可經由使用習知分散液之製備方法製備。如此,固體、有機介質及分散劑可以任一種順序混合,然後混合物接受機械處理來縮小固體粒子至適當大小,例如藉球磨、珠磨、砂礫研磨或塑膠研磨等方式縮小固體粒子大小,至形成分散液為止。另外,固體可經處理來獨立,或與有機介質或分散劑混合來縮小粒子大小,然後添加其它成分,混合物經攪拌來獲得分散液。
若需求組成物為乾燥形式,則液體介質可為揮發性,故方便藉單純分離手段如蒸發而讓液體介質從微粒狀固體去除。於一個實施例中,分散液包含液體介質。
若乾式組成物主要係由分散劑和微粒狀固體組成,則於一個實施例中,以微粒狀固體重量為基準,乾式組成物含有至少0.2%,或至少0.5%或至少1.0%分散劑。於一個實施例中,以微粒狀固體重量為基準,乾式組成物含有不大於100%,或不大於50%,或不大於20%,或不大於10%重量比之分散劑。
如前文說明,本發明之分散劑特別適合用於製備研磨基劑,微粒狀固體係於液體介質,於微粒狀固體和成膜樹脂黏結劑二者存在下研磨。
如此,根據本發明之又一態樣,提供一種包含微粒狀固體、分散劑和成膜樹脂之研磨基劑。
典型地,以研磨基劑總重為基準,該研磨基劑含有20至70%重量比微粒狀固體。於一個實施例中,該微粒狀固體係不少於研磨基劑之30%重量比,或不低於50%重量比。
研磨基劑中之樹脂含量可於寬廣範圍改變,但通常係不低於研磨基劑之連續相/液相之10%,或不低於20%重量比。於一個實施例中,樹脂含量係不高於研磨基劑之連續相/液相之50%,或不高於40%重量比。
硬脂酸(9.2份,32毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)及ε-己內酯(51.1份,448毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)於氮氣下於120℃攪拌。然後加入鈦酸四丁酯(0.3份),經由於200℃攪拌16小時持續反應。讓溫度降至120℃,加入聚伸乙基亞胺(7.5份,SP 200,MW 10,000,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至200℃後,產物係呈硬質蠟狀固體獲得。此乃分散劑A。鹼當量為1675。
分散劑A(56份)溶解於80℃的甲苯(57.45份)來獲得澄清溶液。加入尿素(1.45份),反應物於氮下於120℃攪拌18小時。蒸發去除溶劑,冷卻至20℃後,獲得產物呈灰棕色固體(56份)。此乃分散劑1。鹼當量為2210。
己內酯(10份,86毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)及ε-己內酯(112份,981毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)於氮氣下於120℃攪拌。然後加入鈦酸四丁酯(0.5份),經由於200℃攪拌18小時持續反應。讓溫度降至120℃,加入聚伸乙基亞胺(12份,SP 050,MW 5,000,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣於120℃攪拌8小時。冷卻至200℃後,產物係呈硬質蠟狀固體獲得。此乃分散劑B。鹼當量為1557。
分散劑B(50份)溶解於80℃的甲苯(57.45份)來獲得澄清溶液。加入尿素(1.6份),反應物於氮下於120℃攪拌18小時。蒸發去除溶劑,冷卻至20℃後,獲得產物呈灰棕色固體(56份)。此乃分散劑2。鹼當量為2730。
蓖麻油酸(300份,得自福路卡公司(Fluka))及丁酸鋯(1份)於200℃攪拌至達到與MW為1120相應的酸價50毫克KOH/克為止。然後,混合物溫度降至120℃,及加入聚伸乙基亞胺(28.5份,SP 200,MW 10,000,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣下於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至室溫後,獲得產物係呈金色液體。此乃分散劑C。鹼當量為2136。
分散劑C(40份)和尿素(1.31份,得自費雪公司(Fisher))於80℃於氮氣氣氛下共同攪拌18小時。獲得褐色黏稠液體(40份)。此乃分散劑3。鹼當量為3839。
蓖麻油酸(100份,得自福路卡公司),12-羥基硬脂酸(100.67份)及丁酸鋯(1份)於200℃攪拌至達到與MW為1600相應的酸價35毫克KOH/克為止。然後,混合物溫度降至120℃,及加入聚伸乙基亞胺(13.5份,SP 200,MW10,000,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣下於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至20℃後,獲得產物係呈金色液體。此乃分散劑D。鹼當量為1376。
分散劑D(40份)及35wt%水性過氧化氫溶液(1.06份,得自費雪公司)於80℃於氮氣氣氛下共同攪拌至過氧化氫實質上反應至使用澱粉碘化物紙證實為陰性結果為止。獲得褐色黏稠液體(40份)。此乃分散劑4。鹼當量為1845。
月桂酸(10份,49毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)及ε-己內酯(44.7份,392毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)及7-甲基己內酯(25份,196毫莫耳)於氮氣下於120℃攪拌。然後加入異丙氧化鋯(0.45份),經由於200℃攪拌6小時持續反應。讓溫度降至120℃,加入聚伸乙基亞胺(5.5份,SP 200,MW 10,000,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至20℃後,產物係呈淡褐色液體獲得。此乃分散劑E。鹼當量為1407。
分散劑E(40份)及35wt%水性過氧化氫溶液(1.1份,得自費雪公司)於80℃於氮氣氣氛下共同攪拌至過氧化氫實質上反應至使用澱粉碘化物紙證實為陰性結果為止。獲得褐色黏稠液體(40份)。此乃分散劑5。鹼當量為1801。
艾索卡(Isocarb)16(7份,27毫莫耳,得自沙索公司(Sasol))及ε-己內酯(27.7份,243毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)及7-甲基己內酯(10.4份,81毫莫耳)於氮氣下於120℃攪拌。然後加入丁酸鋯(0.3份),經由於200℃攪拌6小時持續反應。讓溫度降至120℃,加入聚伸乙基亞胺(6.4份,SP 030,MW 3,000,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至20℃後,產物係呈淡褐色液體獲得。此乃分散劑F。鹼當量為833。
分散劑F(40份)及35wt%水性過氧化氫溶液(4.5份,得自費雪公司)於80℃於氮氣氣氛下共同攪拌至過氧化氫實質上反應至使用澱粉碘化物紙證實為陰性結果為止。獲得褐色黏稠液體(41份)。此乃分散劑6。鹼當量為1228。
艾索卡16(7份,27毫莫耳,得自沙索公司)及ε-己內酯(27.7份,243毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)及7-甲基己內酯(10.4份,81毫莫耳)於氮氣下於120℃攪拌。然後加入丁酸鋯(0.3份),經由於200℃攪拌6小時持續反應。此乃中間物1。
蓖麻油酸(35份,得自福路卡公司),ε-己內酯(18.7份,得自亞利希公司),艾索卡12(9.4份,得自沙索公司)及丁酸鋯(0.3份)於200℃攪拌至達到與MW為1820相應的酸價30毫克KOH/克為止。此乃中間物2。
中間物1(18份)與中間物2(6份)於120℃攪拌,加入聚伸乙基亞胺(2份,SP 200,MW 10,000,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣下於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至20℃後,獲得產物呈淡褐色液體。此乃分散劑G。鹼當量為1312。
分散劑G(24份)及35wt%水性過氧化氫溶液(2.5份,得自費雪公司)於80℃於氮氣氣氛下共同攪拌至過氧化氫實質上反應至使用澱粉碘化物紙證實為陰性結果為止。獲得褐色黏稠液體(41份)。此乃分散劑7。鹼當量為2217。
月桂酸(5份),δ-戊內酯(7.5份)及ε-己內酯(34.2份)於氮氣下於120℃攪拌。然後加入丁酸鋯(0.3份),經由於200℃攪拌8小時持續反應。讓溫度降至120℃,加入聚伸乙基亞胺(3.6份,SP 200,MW 10,000,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至200℃後,產物係呈軟質蠟狀固體獲得。此乃分散劑H。鹼當量為1710。
分散劑H(49份)溶解於80℃的甲苯(50.5份)來獲得澄清溶液。加入尿素(1.5份),反應物於氮下於120℃攪拌18小時。蒸發去除溶劑,冷卻至20℃後,獲得產物呈灰棕色固體(56份)。此乃分散劑8。鹼當量為2872。
月桂酸(10份),δ-戊內酯(5份)及ε-己內酯(22.8份)於氮氣下於120℃攪拌。然後加入丁酸鋯(0.3份),經由於200℃攪拌8小時持續反應。讓溫度降至120℃,加入聚伸乙基亞胺(5.4份,SP 018,MW 1,800,得自日本觸媒公司),反應物於氮氣於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至200℃後,產物係呈軟質蠟狀固體獲得。此乃分散劑I。鹼當量為1128。
分散劑I(40份)及尿素(2份)於氮氣下於120℃共同攪拌18小時。獲得產物呈琥珀色黏稠液體(40份)。此乃分散劑9。鹼當量為1503。
艾索卡(IsocarbT M
)16(25份,97毫莫耳,得自沙索公司)和亞磺醯氯(13.9份,117毫莫耳)於甲苯(30毫升)於125℃攪拌8小時,然後於減壓下去除溶劑和過量亞磺醯氯,獲得艾索卡16酸氯化物褐色液體(24.5份)。IR顯示於1794厘米- 1
的酸氯化物羰基峰。艾索卡16酸氯化物(10.7份,38.8毫莫耳),ε-己內酯(13.3份,116毫莫耳,得自亞利希公司)及12-羥基硬脂酸(35份,116毫莫耳)於氮氣下於150℃攪拌。然後加入丁酸鋯(0.3份),於185℃持續攪拌24小時。然後溫度降至120℃,40份混合物和聚伸乙基亞胺(4份,SP 075,MW 7,500,得自日本觸媒公司)於氮氣下於120℃攪拌6小時。冷卻至20℃後,獲得產物呈褐色黏稠液體。此乃分散劑J。鹼當量為1133。
分散劑J(33份)溶解於80℃的甲苯(50份)來獲得澄清溶液。加入尿素(0.96份),反應物於氮下於120℃攪拌18小時。蒸發去除溶劑,冷卻至20℃後,獲得產物呈灰棕色固體(56份)。此乃分散劑10。鹼當量為1599。
分散劑(0.45份)視需要藉溫熱而溶解於溶劑(7.55份)。冷卻至25℃後,加入3毫米直徑玻璃珠(16份)和紅色顏料(2份,莫諾來特路比(Monolite Rubine)3B,得自亞維西亞(Avecia))。顏料於水平振搖器上振搖研磨16小時。所得分散液黏度使用A至E(良好至不良)的任意標度來評估。下表1列舉的結果明白顯示尿素分散劑,亦即分散劑1比較與尿素反應前的分散劑亦即分散劑A,前者於極性溶劑和非極性溶劑皆可製造優異的分散液。
顏料為莫納斯采藍BG(得自荷巴(Heubach)公司,顏料藍15.1),研磨基劑為30%顏料和占顏料重量12.6%的作用劑,索斯波斯(Solsperse)5000為協同劑(流化劑),可得自諾維旺(Noveon)特用添加劑公司。研磨基劑之評估係類似前文說明。使用莫納斯采藍BG所得結果顯示於表2。
前述各文件皆以引用方式併入此處。除非於實例或他處明白指示,否則於本說明書中表示材料量、反應條件、分子量、碳原子數等之數值數量皆以「約」一詞來修飾。除非另外指示,否則此處所示各種化學品或組成物須解譯為商用級材料,可含有異構物、副產物、衍生物以及其它一般已知存在於商用級的該等材料。但除非另行指示,否則各種化學成分之數量係排除習常存在於商用材料中的任何溶劑或稀釋劑油的數量。須了解,此處列舉之上限和下限、範圍、和比例極限可個別獨立組合。本發明之各個元素之含量範圍及數量可與任何其它元素之含量範圍或數量共同使用。如此處使用,「基本上之組成」允許含括實質上不影響所考量之組成物之基本且新穎特性的物質。
雖然已經就其較佳實施例說明本發明,但須了解多項修改對熟諳技藝人士於研讀本說明書將顯然易明。因此須了解,本文揭示之發明意圖涵蓋落入隨附之申請專利範圍之全部此等修改。
Claims (13)
- 一種分散劑,其為式(1)或式(4):T-V-(A)m -U-Z-Wx 式(1)或
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中R為選擇性經取代之烷基,其可為線性或分支。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中R含有一個或多個醚基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中A為羥基-C2-20 -伸烷基羧酸或羥基-C1-20 -伸烷基羧酸或其內酯之殘基。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之分散劑,其中A為12-羥基硬脂酸或蓖麻油酸之殘基。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之分散劑,其中該內酯為ε-己內酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中m係不大於20。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中式(4)中該X-*-*-X對Y之重量比係由20:1至2:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中Y表示式(5)之鏈殘基:
- 一種製造式(1)分散劑之方法,其中W為尿素殘基,該方法包含未載有T-V-(A)m -U-基團之Z中的亞胺基或胺基與尿素於100℃至150℃之溫度反應。
- 一種組成物,其包含微粒狀固體和如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之組成物,其進一步包含有機液體。
- 一種研磨基劑、塗料或墨水,其包含微粒狀固體、有機液體、成膜黏結劑樹脂和如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑。
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TW094145512A TWI393585B (zh) | 2004-12-23 | 2005-12-21 | 分散劑 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8859677B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1827669B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP5376555B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100542664C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE446135T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602005017304D1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI393585B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006071460A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2516696T3 (es) * | 2006-08-22 | 2014-10-31 | Lubrizol Limited | Dispersantes novedosos |
US7923474B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2011-04-12 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Amine dispersants, organic dispersions and related coating compositions |
IT1403173B1 (it) * | 2010-12-09 | 2013-10-04 | Lamberti Spa | Inchiostri per stampanti inkjet |
IT1404805B1 (it) * | 2011-02-10 | 2013-11-29 | Lamberti Spa | Disperdenti |
ITVA20110006A1 (it) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-04 | Lamberti Spa | Inchiostri ceramici per stampanti inkjet |
ITVA20130019A1 (it) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-21 | Lamberti Spa | Inchiostri per stampanti inkjet |
TW201622806A (zh) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-07-01 | 盧伯利索先進材料有限公司 | 用於使用噴墨墨水及噴墨墨水印表機對陶瓷磚上色之聚酯分散劑 |
JP6808969B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-13 | 2021-01-06 | 味の素株式会社 | ポリアリルアミン誘導体 |
KR20210141947A (ko) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-11-23 | 루브리졸 어드밴스드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 무수물 중간체를 통해 제조된 다중-아민 분산제 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030181544A1 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2003-09-25 | Dean Thetford | Dispersants |
TW574061B (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2004-02-01 | Avecia Ltd | Dispersants |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ187714A (en) * | 1977-07-15 | 1980-09-12 | Ici Ltd | Dispersing agent reaction product of a polyalkylene imine and a polyester |
GB9306222D0 (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1993-05-19 | Zeneca Ltd | Dispersants |
GB9622783D0 (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1997-01-08 | Zeneca Ltd | Dispersants |
WO2000024503A1 (en) * | 1998-10-24 | 2000-05-04 | Avecia Limited | Dispersants, compositions and use |
EP1648970B1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2008-02-06 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Compositions |
-
2005
- 2005-12-06 EP EP05852979A patent/EP1827669B1/en active Active
- 2005-12-06 CN CNB2005800444853A patent/CN100542664C/zh active Active
- 2005-12-06 AT AT05852979T patent/ATE446135T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-12-06 JP JP2007548251A patent/JP5376555B2/ja active Active
- 2005-12-06 US US11/719,970 patent/US8859677B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-06 WO PCT/US2005/043923 patent/WO2006071460A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-12-06 DE DE602005017304T patent/DE602005017304D1/de active Active
- 2005-12-21 TW TW094145512A patent/TWI393585B/zh active
-
2013
- 2013-04-08 JP JP2013080145A patent/JP2013139038A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030181544A1 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2003-09-25 | Dean Thetford | Dispersants |
TW574061B (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2004-02-01 | Avecia Ltd | Dispersants |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8859677B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
CN101087644A (zh) | 2007-12-12 |
JP2008525580A (ja) | 2008-07-17 |
WO2006071460A2 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
DE602005017304D1 (de) | 2009-12-03 |
TW200628218A (en) | 2006-08-16 |
WO2006071460A3 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
ATE446135T1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
JP2013139038A (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
US20080103234A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
CN100542664C (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
EP1827669A2 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
JP5376555B2 (ja) | 2013-12-25 |
EP1827669B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
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