TWI383029B - 具有低熱釋放性及低煙霧性之補強用纖維／環氧複合材料 - Google Patents
具有低熱釋放性及低煙霧性之補強用纖維／環氧複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI383029B TWI383029B TW94109822A TW94109822A TWI383029B TW I383029 B TWI383029 B TW I383029B TW 94109822 A TW94109822 A TW 94109822A TW 94109822 A TW94109822 A TW 94109822A TW I383029 B TWI383029 B TW I383029B
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- composite material
- composite
- weight
- flame retardant
- adhesive composition
- Prior art date
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 poly(m-phenylene methylphosphonate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 2
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 5
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C)N1 LLPKQRMDOFYSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPUPGAFDTWIMBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [methyl(phenoxy)phosphoryl]oxybenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HPUPGAFDTWIMBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 2
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- FZENGILVLUJGJX-NSCUHMNNSA-N (E)-acetaldehyde oxime Chemical compound C\C=N\O FZENGILVLUJGJX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=NC=CN1 PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUPKCFBHJFNUEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=NCCN1 QUPKCFBHJFNUEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 YTWBFUCJVWKCCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCVGSSQICKMAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCCN1 NCVGSSQICKMAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWSLLSXLURJCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NCCN1 VWSLLSXLURJCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKCCAYLNRIRKDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1CCN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 BKCCAYLNRIRKDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUOZJYASZOSONT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC(C)C1=NC=CN1 FUOZJYASZOSONT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTYIFQSAIPDZQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC(C)C1=NCCN1 BTYIFQSAIPDZQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLEASVZEQBICSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 LLEASVZEQBICSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQHUDZKKDCTQET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCCN1 FQHUDZKKDCTQET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-thiodiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPHGOBGXZQKCKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-diphenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CPHGOBGXZQKCKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(C)=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJUVAPMVTXLLFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(C)CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 JJUVAPMVTXLLFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAQWNKXTMBFBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.[Na] Chemical compound C.[Na] CAQWNKXTMBFBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001665 Poly-4-vinylphenol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004842 bisphenol F epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl methylphosphonate Chemical compound COP(C)(=O)OC VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- DIHAURBCYGTGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-4,5-Dihydro-2,4(5)-dimethyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CC1CN=C(C)N1 DIHAURBCYGTGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L85/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage in the main chain of the macromolecule containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L85/02—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage in the main chain of the macromolecule containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers containing phosphorus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於質輕之複合材料，其具有高阻燃性和低發煙性，特別係關於由樹脂組成物（尤其是環氧樹脂組成物）和強化劑形成之構造複合物。這樣的複合材料摻有某些添加劑，以實質上提高其防火性。它們尤其可作為飛機中的裝飾用半結構和結構組件。
飛機製造工業關注降低機艙內部側壁、儲藏箱、天花板和隔板構造中所用之複合材料之可燃性和點燃性。由消防安全觀點，側壁板因為表面積大，易被機艙內的火燄所波及，所以特別受到關注。
飛機製造工業中所用的纖維複合材料通常包括多種黏著性環氧組成物，其用以摻入纖維之強化系統。此強化纖維之經摻雜的系統具有良好黏著性，因此它們易接合至複合材料的核心材料。但這樣的環氧樹脂於暴於火燄時會燃燒並形成煙霧情況，就顯著安全因素考量，此並非所欲者。非阻燃性環氧樹脂中，分解（例如，石墨/環氧複合材料因為火燄而分解）及於之後破壞石墨纖維及這些纖維散佈至電子設備中，將導致嚴重問題。因此，發展含有這些傳導性短纖及防止其延伸之任何方法將非常有價值。
衝擊存活率的機艙火燄危害包括：材料的可燃性和釋熱性；材料的發煙性；和製造的煙霧之毒性。這些危害的相對重要性將視環繞任何特別火燄發生處的環境而定。就墜毀後的機艙火燄而言，大型燃料火燄是火源的主要類型。”閃燃”（源自於環繞起火點區域之突然且迅速之無法控制的火勢，其延燒至機艙內部其餘區域）對存活率產生嚴重威脅。於閃燃開始之前，尚能忍受熱、煙和毒氣；閃燃開始之後，危害迅速提高至使得存活幾無可能。因此，就墜毀後的猛烈火燄而言，儘可能降低機艙材料燃燒所造成之危害之最有效和直接的方式就是延遲開始閃燃的時間。可燃性（非考量煙霧和毒性）直接影響閃燃之發生。
因此，使用強化纖維/樹脂複合材料之使用不僅與因為強化纖維存在而獲致的複合材料強度有關，同時也與樹脂的耐火性有關。許多添加劑摻入樹脂中之時，將作為阻燃劑之用。一些（如：氧化鋁三水合物、聚磷酸銨和硼酸鋅）是固體，其提供極佳耐火性，但它們因為提高層合物厚度而降低強度，因而對於層合物的機械性質造成負面影響。
一些含鹵素的化合物可用於這些應用，它們通常與三氧化鉍（作為增效劑）併用。這些阻燃性極佳的化合物的問題在於它們有些負面性質高。例如，芳族溴化合物於熱分解時，因為自由溴基團和溴化氫而具有高腐蝕性。此外，樹脂燃燒時，溴不會減少煙霧。事實上，溴化的環氧樹脂會導致煙霧製造程度提高。
據此，本發明的一個目的是要提出強化纖維/樹脂複合材料，其耐火性高且發煙性低。另一目的是要提出前述類型之複合材料，其能夠耐得住高溫且不會分裂或散佈強化纖維。另一目的是要提出黏著性環氧樹脂組成物，及自彼製得之複合材料，其含有實質上提高樹脂之耐火性的物質，且不會對複合材料之物理和化學性質造成負面影響，其用以於高溫穩定樹脂或樹脂炭並維持複合材料的結構整體性。
據此，本發明提出一種複合材料，包含強化纖維和黏著性組成物，此黏著性組成物包含環氧樹脂、任意選用的樹脂固化劑、固化觸媒和反應性膦酸酯阻燃劑。亦提出一種製造複合材料之方法，包含以前述黏著性組成物摻雜強化樹脂。
下列段落詳細描述本發明的某些較佳實施例。
環氧樹脂存在範圍由以黏合性調合物總計為約40至約80重量%。代表性的樹脂包括：雙酚A型環氧樹脂；雙酚F型環氧樹脂；雙酚S型環氧樹脂；4,4’－雙酚型環氧樹脂；酚淸漆型環氧樹脂；甲酚淸漆型環氧樹脂、雙酚A淸漆型環氧樹脂；雙酚F淸漆型環氧樹脂；酚水楊酸酯醛淸漆型環氧樹脂；脂環族環氧樹脂；脂族鏈環氧樹脂；縮水甘油醚型環氧樹脂；和其他化合物，如：二官能性酚基縮水甘油醚化合物；二官能性醇縮水甘油醚化合物；多酚基縮水甘油醚化合物；和多酚縮水甘油醚化合物和其酐。也可以使用這些樹脂之混合物。
相較於以前技術研究中之視前述組份組合而定者，此處之構成新穎和基礎添加劑之此反應性膦酸酯阻燃性組成物的存在量是以黏著性調合物總重計為約5重量%至約60重量%，以約10重量%至約30重量%為佳。此阻燃劑，述於PCT International Patent Publication No.WO 03/029258和PCT International Publication No.WO/2004/113411(茲將其中所述者列入參考)，是一種包含重覆單元-(OP(O)(R)-O-伸芳基)n-的低聚型膦酸酯，其中n可由約2至約30，且磷含量大於約12重量%。R基團可為低碳烷基，如：C1
-C6
。較佳情況中，R是甲基。可用以實施本發明的這些低聚型膦酸酯可含有或不含有-OH末端基團。含有-OH末端基團的個別膦酸酯物種可經單羥基或二羥基取代。此末端基團可接於伸芳基或磷，且它們與添加熱阻燃劑的組成物中的環氧基官能性具有反應性。以可作此連接之此末端基團(鏈末)總數計，連接至磷的-OH末端基團濃度由約20%至約100%，以約50%至約100%為佳。
“伸芳基”是指二羥基酚的任何基團，其兩個羥基在不相連位置。此二羥基酚包括間-苯二酚、氫醌和雙酚(如：雙酚A、雙酚F和4,4’-雙酚、酚酞、4,4’-硫代二酚或4,4’-磺酸基二酚。可含括少量具三或更多個羥基的多羥基酚(如：清漆或間-苯三酚)以提高組成物的分子量。”伸芳基”可以是1,3－伸苯基、1,4－伸苯基或雙酚二基單元，但以1,3－伸苯基為佳。
用於本發明之環氧樹脂組成物的此組份可藉數種途徑之任何者製得：(1)式RPOCl2
化合物與HO－芳基－OH或其鹽反應，其中R是低碳烷基，以甲基為佳；(2)二苯基烷基膦酸酯（以甲基膦酸酯為佳）與HO－伸芳基－OH於轉酯條件下反應；(3)低聚型亞磷酸酯與具結構－OP(OR’)－O－伸芳基－的重覆單元以Arbuzov重組觸媒反應，其中R’是低碳烷基，以甲基為佳；或(4)低聚型亞磷酸酯與具結構－OP(O－Ph)－O－伸芳基－的重覆單元和亞磷酸三甲酯以Arbuzov觸媒或與甲基膦酸二甲酯以任意選用的Arbuzov觸媒反應。此－OH基團，若接至伸芳基，可藉具控制莫耳過量的HO－伸芳基－OH於反應介質中製得。此－OH基團，若為酸類形(P－OH)，可藉水解反應製得。較佳情況中，低聚物的末端基團主要是－伸芳基－OH類型。可藉，如，調整起始物劑（即，二苯基甲基膦酸酯和間－苯二酚（前文的反應式(2)）之間的比例，控制膦酸酯低聚物的分子量。莫耳比接近1：1時得到最高分子量。這些物劑任何過量情況都會導致較低分子量。亦可藉由調整反應時間而控制分子量。反應時間越長，產物的分子量越高。
任意地，固化劑（如：多官能性酚）可含括於黏合性調合物中，其量是，如，以黏著性調合物總重計為約5重量%至約10重量%。此固化劑包括，如，雙酚F；雙酚A；雙酚S；聚乙烯基酚；和淸漆樹脂，其藉酚（如：酚、甲酚、烷基酚、兒茶酚、雙酚F、雙酚A和雙酚S）與醛基之加成縮合反應得到。未特別限制這些化合物中之任何者之分子量，也可以使用此材料之混合物。
固化觸媒於黏著性調合物中之用量由是以黏著性調合物總重計約0.05至約1.0重量%，並可為用以加速環氧基與酚水合基團之間之化學反應的任何化合物。代表性的觸媒包括鹼金屬化合物、鹼土金屬化合物、咪唑化合物、有機磷化合物、二級胺、三級胺、四級銨鹽之類。
可用於本發明之咪唑化合物包括咪唑、2－乙基咪唑、2－乙基－4－甲基咪唑、2－苯基咪唑、2－十一烷基咪唑、1－苄基－2－甲基咪唑、2－十七烷基咪唑、4,5－二苯基咪唑、2－甲基咪唑啉、2－苯基咪唑啉、2－十一烷基咪唑啉、2－十七烷基咪唑啉、2－異丙基咪唑、2,4－二甲基咪唑、2－苯基－4－甲基咪唑、2－乙基咪唑啉、2－異丙基咪唑啉、2,4－二甲基咪唑啉、2－苯基－4－甲基咪唑啉之類。這些固化觸媒可以彼此併用。
通常，實施本發明時，以複合材料總重計，黏著性調合物含量由約20至約60重量%。
用以實施本發明之強化纖維包括，如，石墨纖維、玻璃纖維和其他材料纖維，如：石綿。以石墨纖維製得的複合材料為佳。石墨纖維可被稱為碳纖維，其可藉處理中間相或非中間相石油瀝青、碳纖維而得，或者得自煤焦瀝青或類似的含碳材料。此外，也可以使用PAN、丙烯酸或嫘縈先質製得的碳纖維。可用於本發明的碳纖維形式由紙、絨圈或無光織物（梭織或非梭織）結構構成。
通常，實施本發明時，以複合材料總重計，強化纖維含量由約50重量%至約90重量%。
本發明的一個較佳實施例中，石墨纖維無光織物通常使用樹脂之溶劑（如：丙酮或丁酮）浸以環氧樹脂黏著性調合物溶液（如前述者）。浸潤技巧包括浸泡、刷、噴霧之類。乾燥藉此經浸潤的無光織物，形成預浸物（佔黏著劑之約20%至約40重量%），其之後可藉由在壓熱器中真空封包或藉由在約150℃至約225℃約1至約2小時而壓縮固化，製得適用於商用飛機內部的層合物。
將以下列代表例進一步說明本發明。
酚－醛樹脂(HRJ2210，Schenectady International)（11克）於60℃溶解於30毫升的2－丁酮溶劑中，之後添加63.5克環氧基淸漆樹脂(RUETAPOX 300，Bakelite AG)和25克反應性聚（間－伸苯基甲基膦酸酯）（其中”n”約14（合成方式述於下文中）），使得它們亦於60℃溶解於溶劑中。之後，添加0.5重量%2－甲基咪唑(AMI－2，Air Products)。所得的溫熱漆施用於平織石墨織品(No.530，Fibre Glast)。所得預浸物於室溫乾燥一夜，之後於90℃乾燥30分鐘。之後，16塊預浸物（4x4英吋）疊在一起，於130℃、8MPa預先固化30分鐘，之後於171℃、30MPa固化70分鐘。
聚（間－伸苯基甲基膦酸酯）之製備124克（0.5莫耳）二苯基甲基膦酸酯、113克（1.03莫耳）間苯二酚和0.54克甲基鈉於反應瓶中於230℃受熱和攪拌。此反應瓶裝配約40公分高的Vigreux管柱，其纏繞電熱帶並絕緣以免酚和任何揮發的間苯二酚於管柱中固化。真空度逐漸由625毫米降至5毫米汞柱。四小時之後中止反應。酚於反應期間內蒸除，93克蒸餾液（以酚計算的話，約1莫耳）收集於冷卻瓶中，241克（聚（間－伸苯基甲基膦酸酯））產物留在反應瓶中。餾出物幾為純淨的酚。
此實例中，15克酚－醛樹脂(HRJ2210，Schenectady International)於60℃溶解於30毫升的2－丁酮中，之後添加84.5克環氧基淸漆樹脂(RUETAPOX 300，Bakelite AG)，使得它們亦於60℃溶解於溶劑中。之後，添加0.5重量%2－甲基咪唑(AMI－2，Air Products)。以與實例所述之類似方式進一步製得預浸物和複合材料。
此實例中，15克酚－醛樹脂(HRJ2210，Schenectady International)於60℃溶解於100毫升的丙酮中，之後添加84.5克溴化的雙酚A環氧樹脂(D.E.R.530－A80，Dow Chemicals)。之後，添加0.5重量%2－甲基咪唑(AMI－2，Air Products)。以與實例所述之類似方式進一步製得預浸物和複合材料。
根據ISO/DP5660標準，以Cone Calorimeter於熱通量75千瓦/平方米評估實例1至3中各者製得之複合材料之可燃性。可燃性測試結果示於下面的附表：
前述實例僅用以說明本發明的某些實施例，因此不造成任何限制。所尋求保護的範圍示於下列的申請專利範圍中。
Claims (15)
- 一種複合材料，包含強化纖維和黏著性組成物，此黏著性組成物包含環氧樹脂和任意選用的樹脂固化劑、固化觸媒和反應性膦酸酯阻燃劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合材料，其中強化纖維構成複合材料總重之約50至約90重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合材料，其中黏著性組成物構成複合材料總重之約20至約60重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合材料，其中環氧樹脂構成黏著性組成物總重之約40至約80重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合材料，其中反應性膦酸酯阻燃劑構成黏著性組成物總重之約5至約60重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合材料，其中固化觸媒存在量是以黏著性組成物總重計為0.05至1.0重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合材料，其中任意選用的樹脂固化劑構成黏著性組成物總重之5至約10重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合材料，其中強化纖維選自石墨、玻璃和矽灰石。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之複合材料，其中反應性膦酸酯阻燃劑是包含重覆單元-(OP(O)(R)-O-伸芳基)n -(其 中n是約2至約30)的低聚膦酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之複合材料，其中強化纖維是石墨。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之複合材料，其中反應性膦酸酯阻燃劑是聚(間-伸苯基甲基膦酸酯)。
- 一種製備複合材料之方法，該方法包括以含有環氧樹脂和任意選用的樹脂固化劑、固化觸媒和反應性膦酸酯阻燃劑之黏著性組成物浸潤強化纖維。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之方法，其中強化纖維選自石墨、玻璃和矽灰石。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之方法，其中反應性膦酸酯阻燃劑是包含重覆單元-(OP(O)(R)-O-伸芳基)n -(其中n是約2至約30)的低聚膦酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之方法，其中反應性膦酸酯阻燃劑是聚(間-伸苯基甲基膦酸酯)。
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| RU (1) | RU2006138503A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI383029B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2005118276A2 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2152793A1 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2010-02-17 | Basf Se | Flame retardant compositions |
| US8058363B2 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2011-11-15 | Iteq Corporation | Varnish and prepreg, and substrates thereof |
| US20130122766A1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2013-05-16 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Curable compositions |
| US20140224529A1 (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2014-08-14 | Arisawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Fire-retardant resin composition, metal-clad base laminate for flexible printed circuit board utilizing said composition, cover lay, adhesive sheet for flexible printed circuit board and flexible printed circuit board |
| CN103602300B (zh) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-12-31 | 福州大学 | 一种高阻隔阻燃抗静电环氧树脂胶粘剂及其制备方法 |
| KR101665680B1 (ko) | 2014-12-26 | 2016-10-12 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 표면에 인이 도핑된 산화 그래핀을 포함하는 난연제 및 이의 제조방법 |
| JP6505913B1 (ja) * | 2018-05-17 | 2019-04-24 | 株式会社Ｔ＆Ｋ Ｔｏｋａ | 硬化性エポキシド組成物 |
| GB2580283B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2022-02-23 | Gurit Uk Ltd | Fire-retardant epoxide resins and use thereof |
| RU2751337C1 (ru) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-07-13 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита "НИИграфит" | Антифрикционная композиция и способ её получения |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US223411A (en) * | 1880-01-06 | Saddle-loop |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4940740A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1990-07-10 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Single phase toughened heat-curable resin systems exhibiting high strength after impact |
| EP0425424A3 (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1991-09-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabricating graphite fiber epoxy composites |
| US6605354B1 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-08-12 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | High nitrogen containing triazine-phenol-aldehyde condensate |
| KR100904566B1 (ko) * | 2001-10-04 | 2009-06-25 | 슈프레스타 엘엘씨 | 올리고머 히드록시-말단 포스포네이트 및 이를 포함하는 조성물 |
| DE10300462A1 (de) * | 2003-01-07 | 2004-07-15 | Bakelite Ag | Phosphormodifiziertes Epoxidharz |
-
2005
- 2005-03-23 CA CA 2561582 patent/CA2561582A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-23 JP JP2007506245A patent/JP4975610B2/ja active Active
- 2005-03-23 EP EP20050804752 patent/EP1751222A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-23 KR KR1020067022858A patent/KR101323751B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-23 WO PCT/US2005/009634 patent/WO2005118276A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-23 US US11/547,107 patent/US20080057314A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-25 RU RU2006138503/04A patent/RU2006138503A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-25 CN CNB2005800119912A patent/CN100528949C/zh active Active
- 2005-03-29 TW TW94109822A patent/TWI383029B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US223411A (en) * | 1880-01-06 | Saddle-loop |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100528949C (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
| WO2005118276A2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| US20080057314A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
| WO2005118276A3 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| KR101323751B1 (ko) | 2013-11-21 |
| JP2007530769A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
| CA2561582A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| KR20070011428A (ko) | 2007-01-24 |
| JP4975610B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
| TW200604306A (en) | 2006-02-01 |
| EP1751222A2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
| CN1942515A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
| RU2006138503A (ru) | 2008-05-10 |
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