1331431 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於如直流電力儲存設備之設備，其可並聯 連接到一導電鐵道之外部線，並可於電力運轉操作中配置 供應電力到一電運載工具（electric vehicle)且可於再生操 作中吸收電力，且更特別地可用在充電與放電控制系統及/ 或針對測量一外部線（external line)之電壓降以控制一電力 儲存媒介物之方法，針對電運載工具之再生能量之吸收的 測量，及/或針對防止電運載工具之再生失敗的測量。 【先前技術】 在一直流供給系統中’牽引電力變電所（traction power substations)可配置在一相當忙碌或不忙碌的鐵道線中之相 對長的間隔上，因此，針對遠離一最接近變電所之電鐵道 運載工具，例如由於一外部線（如高架線（overhead wire))之 電壓降在大電流起動該運載工具之時，導電架（pantograph) 點電壓可減少至一額定電壓之下限以下，爲了補償電壓 降，可提供一牽引電力變電所（DC VR)或可執行一凹口抑制 控制（notch restraint control)於該電運載工具中。 然而，一相當忙碌或非忙碌的鐵道線中，在再生模式 中之電運載工具只有一限制機會藉由吸收另一個運載工具 以具有再生能量作爲電力運轉之能量，並因此可逐漸降低 再生失敗（電煞車之不能（inability))，甚至於一忙碌或主動 鐵道線中，當電力運轉操作於另一個運載工具中結束時， 該再生失敗可於再生模式中發生在一電運載工具中，並且 負載可被突然地減少。 1331431 當取消該再生時，該電運載工具可停止該再生操作， 並在煞車模式上從電煞車改變到機械煞車，此煞車模式轉 換操作會於煞車中導致一延遲（delay)，其更於一預定位置 上導致停止該運載工具時失敗，並由於該機械煞車之硬煞 車中於車輪與制動瓦（brake shoe)間之磨損，故會縮短使用 壽命。針對吸收再生電力以防止再生失敗，有下列三種方 法。 (1) 藉由一反相器（inverter)供應再生電力之再生方法至 交流電力來源：如第4A圖所示，藉由一再生電運載工具1 所再生之直流電力可藉由一反相器2與一變壓器3之串聯 組合，轉換爲控制電壓與控制頻率之交流電力，其中該反 相器2與一變壓器3係連接於一交流負載與一外部線或作 爲直流供應側之線之間，並且該交流電力可供應至該交流 電力來源側。 此方法要求該交流負載吸收該再生電力，並更要求針 對該反相器之變壓器、交流遮斷器（breaker)、反相器與直 流遮斷器，使得整個系統變得昂貴。 (2) 藉由一截波器（chopper)供應再生電力之再生方法至 一再生電阻裝置（regenerative resistance device):如第 4B 圖 所示’一截波器4可藉由一再生電運載工具1轉換再生直 流電力至控制電壓之直流電力，並且一再生電阻裝置5可 吸收此直流電力爲熱。 由於所有再生電力藉由該電阻裝置熱吸收，故此方法 不能使該再生電力有效使用，並且此方法要求較大尺寸的 電阻裝置。然而，此方法更要求通風設備與熱釋放設備， 1331431 以驅散由該電阻裝置所產生的熱，並且該設備包括該截波 器在內是相對昂貴的。 (3)利用直流電力儲存設備之再生方法：如第4C圖所 示，於一整流器6之直流側上，可提供一由升壓（s t e p - u ρ) 與降壓（step-down)截波器7與一直流電力儲存單元8所組 成之直流電力儲存設備，當該外部線電壓超過其額定電壓 範圍之上限時，因爲電運載工具之再生操作，該外部線電 壓可由一截波器7電壓減少控制以控制至一低電壓準位， 並吸收再生電力作爲一充電電流從該外部線（cf. JP2000-233669A，與 JP20(H-2607 1 8A)通過該截波器 7 至該 直流電力儲存單元8。 當該外部線電壓變得比額定電壓範圍之下限還低時， 因爲電運載工具之電力運轉操作，該外部線電壓可由一截 波器7之電壓增加控制以控制至一高電壓準位，並從該直 流電力儲存單元8通過該截波器7供應電力至該外部線， 因此’此系統可用來作爲對於電壓降的測量，並從交流來 源側來看可用以整平（leveling)負載。 第5圖係顯示一直流電力儲存設備之主要電路架構， 該增壓與降壓截波器7包括一高壓側臂；一低壓側臂；以 及一反應裝置L，該高壓側臂包括一半導體開關SW1，其 具有一與該外部線連接之第一末端與一第二末端，並且該 連接使得該半導體開關可控制從該外部線流動的充電電 流；以及一反向並聯二極體D1其反向並聯連接到半導體開 關SW1。該低壓側臂包括一半導體開關swi，其具有一與 該半導體開關SW1之第二末端連接之第一末端與—第二末 1331431 端，並且以相同於開關SW1之方向（orientation)與該開關 SW 1串聯連接，以控制該電流；以及一反向並聯二極體D2， 其反向並聯連接到半導體開關SW2。該反應裝置L具有一 連接該半導體開關SW1之第二末端之第一末端，以及一連 接一電雙層電容器（EDLC)之第二末端。 如第6圖所示，當該外部線電壓變得高於額定電壓範 圍之上限時，由於電運載工具1之再生操作，因而構成電 力儲存系統藉由截波器之控制減少該外部線電壓，亦即， 該系統可控制開關SW1以執行開關操作，以便允許一充電 電流從該外部線通過開關 SW1與反應裝置L流動至該 EDLC接通週期期間；並以一從反應裝置循環流動通過 EDLC與D2以充電EDLC ，藉此實施，該系統可再生電力 作爲EDLC之充電能量。 如第6圖所示，當該外部線電壓變得比額定電壓範圍 之下限還低時，由於該電運載工具1之電力運轉操作，該 電力儲存系統可藉截波器之控制增加外部線電壓，亦即， 該系統可於一中斷模式（chopping mode)中控制開關SW2， 藉由從EDLC通過L與SW2，於接通週期期間（〇n pen〇d) 流動到EDLC所導致之短路電流，以累積電磁能量於該反 應裝置L中；以及藉由從EDLC通過反應裝置L與D1而流 動到外部線所導致之放電電流，以抑制一外部線之電壓降^ 該直流電力儲存設備可利用一電池（battery)，以代替或 附加至該電雙層電容器中。該電池針對長時間的能量儲存 與儲存量是較佳的，然而，該電池在快速充電與放電特性 上是較劣的，因此，該電池在接下來負載起動當時的突然 1331431 改變或電運載工具之加速時，會導致於快速充電上升再生 電力中遲延或於放電操作中延遲，並因此該電池會在外部 線電壓中引起突然改變或再生失敗。另一方面，該電雙層 電容器在快速充電與放電特性中是較佳的，並且該電雙層 電容器可從一電運載工具適當地吸收再生能量，以及快速 響應負載之突然改變。 【發明內容】 [第一任務]藉直流電力儲存設備來抑制外部線之電壓 減少，其中該直流電力儲存設備包括電雙層電容器與升壓 以及降壓截波器，其可圖式於第5圖之架構中，該電雙層 電容器之終端電壓（備用電壓）可設定比該外部線電壓之額 定電壓範圍之下限電壓還低的値，並且可防止由反應裝置 L+二極體D1之路線，從該電雙層電容器至外部線之放 電，然而，爲增加從電雙層電容器供應電量（儲存電量）至 最大値，該電雙層電容器之終端電壓可設定爲接近外部線 電壓之額定電壓範圍之下限電壓附近之一高的値。 當在 1 500V系統之範例中，該外部線電壓係比 1 200 V (外部線電壓之額定電壓範圍之下限）還小或相等，並 且電力可從該電雙層電容器供應，而電雙層電容器之終端 電壓（備用電壓）可設定低於或等於1200V，並且可配置該系 統以藉由一增加截波器控制之電壓來抑制外部線電壓之電 壓降。 在第5圖之架構中，由於電雙層電容器之終端電壓可 設定低於外部線電壓之額定電壓範圍之下限，因此可限制 該電雙層電容器之儲存電能量之儲存量。而藉由增加電雙 -10- 1331431 層電容器之並聯單元以及增加升壓與降壓截波器之可控制 電流量，增加儲存電力之電量是可行的，然而，此測量會 增加直流電力儲存設備的尺寸並增加成本。 [第二任務]當直流電力儲存設備用來抑制電壓降並吸 收再生電力時，就該外部線電壓之電壓減少而言，可配置 上述專利文件之系統，藉由增加電壓增加（或升壓）控制模 式中具截波器之電雙層電容器之終端電壓，以抑制電壓 降，並就外部線電壓之電壓增加而言，可藉由減少於電壓 減少（降壓）控制模式中具截波器之外部線電壓，以吸收再 生電力。在此情況下，爲了使用對電壓降之測量以及吸收 再生電力之測量，該電雙層電容器之終端電壓（備用電壓） 之相同電壓範圍可用在抑制該電壓降之放電操作以及用來 吸收再生電力之充電操作上，然而，在抑制電壓降之操作 時，該系統可於一完全充電狀態下更有效抑制該電壓降， 其中該電雙層電容器被完全充電並因此其終端電壓是高 的。而在吸收再生電力之操作時，該系統可在一狀態下吸 收更多能量，其中該狀態之充電能量之總量在電雙層電容 器中是低的，並因此其終端電壓是低的。 因此，由於供應放電電能量之總量與吸收充電能量之 總量可用在相同的電壓範圍中，執行電壓降抑制之功能以 及再生電力吸收之功能的能量總量，而變得比在完全充電 狀態下之能量總量以及在最低充電狀態下之能量總量還 低，使得該系統不能滿意地執行該二個功能。 因此，爲滿足電壓降抑制與再生電力吸收二者功能以 確保充電/放電能量之總量，必須增加該電雙層電容器之並 •11- 1331431 聯單元的數量並如上述第一問題增加升壓與降壓截波器之 控制電流量。因此，此技術會增加直流電力儲存設備之尺 寸並也增加成本。 爲增加充電/放電能量的總量，可利用包括針對電壓降 抑制功能之具有低終端電壓（備用電壓）之第一直流電力儲 存單元’以及針對再生電力吸收之具有高終端電壓之第二 直流電力儲存單元之雙系統，然而，此雙系統增加系統的 尺寸與成本。 φ [第三任務]當電力儲存媒介物如電雙層電容器處於完 全充電狀態時，上述專利文件之系統不能吸收再生電力， 並當電運載工具執行一再生操作時該再生會發生失敗，因 此’針對提供一電阻裝置以吸收再生電力的需求會增加， 然而’該電力儲存媒介物維持完全充電狀態直到某些運載 工具開始電力運轉操作爲止。因此，若繼續該再生操作時， 該再生會發生連續失敗。 本發明之目的係提供一直流電力儲存設備或系統以適 •合用來增加電力供應量至一外部線並增加電力吸收量。 依據本發明之一觀點，一直流電力儲存設備包含一直 流/直流（dc/dc)轉換器，適用以連接電力儲存媒介物與直流 電鐵道之外部線之間，該直流/直流轉換器包含：一再生電力 控制部分’當外部線電壓變得比該外部線之額定電壓範圍 之上限還高時’使該外部線與電力儲存媒介物之間的傳導 連接可充電或放電電力儲存媒介物，並當該外部線電壓變 得比其上限還低時，中斷該外部線與電力儲存媒介物之間 的連接；以及一電壓降抑制部分，當外部線電壓變得比該 -12- 1331431 外部線之額定電壓範圍之下限還低，且電力儲存媒介物之 _ 終端電壓比該外部線電壓還高時，用以朝該外部線放電電 力儲存媒介物同時減少電力儲存媒介物之終端電壓，並當 外部線電壓變得比該下限還低，且電力儲存媒介物之終端 電壓比該外部線電壓還低時，用以朝該外部線放電電力儲 存媒介物同時增加電力儲存媒介物之終端電壓》 依據本發明之另一觀點，一直流電力儲存設備包含：一 電力儲存媒介物適合用以連接一外部線與一鐵道系統鐵軌 # 之間；一放電控制開關，用以控制電力儲存媒介物之放電 電流：以及一控制單元。當外部線電壓變得比外部線之額 定電壓範圍之上限還高時，可裝配該控制單元以控制該放 電控制開關至一接通控制狀態，以允許電力儲存媒介物之 放電，並當電力儲存媒介物之終端電壓變得比上限電壓還 低時，可控制該放電控制開關至一關著控制狀態，以停止 電力儲存媒介物之放電。當該外部線電壓變得比外部線之 額定電壓範圍之下限電壓還低時，更可裝配該控制單元以 φ 控制該放電控制開關至切換（switching)控制狀態，以允許電 力儲存媒介物之放電，並當該外部線電壓增加至下限電壓 之上時，可控制該放電控制開關至關閉控制狀態，以停止 電力儲存媒介物之放電。 【實施方式】 如第1圖係顯示依據本發明之一實施例之一直流電力 儲存設備或系統之電路圖，第1圖之主要電路部份幾乎與 第5圖中所示之電路相同，類似第5圖之電路，一升壓與 降壓截波器7包括一高電壓側臂；一低電壓側臂；以及一 -13- 1331431 反應裝置L，該高壓側臂（或一第一開關）包括一如半導體開 關SW1之電開關以及一反向並聯二極體D1。該低電壓側臂 (或一第二開關）包括一如半導體開關SW1之電開關以及一 '反向並聯二極體D2。該高與低電壓側臂可串聯連接，並且 該高與低壓側臂之串聯組合可連接一外部線與一鐵道系統 之鐵軌之間。該反應裝置L在該高壓側臂與低壓側臂之間 具有一與接合點連接之第一反應裝置末端，以及一第二反 應裝置末端。而與第5圖電路之不同處，第1圖之電路附 φ 帶包括一放電控制開關9，其係連接該反應裝置L之第二 反應裝置末端與電力儲存媒介物（EDLC)8之間，該放電控 制開關9係由定位一如半導體開關SW3之電子開關所構 成，以控制從電力儲存媒介物之放電電流；以及一反向並 聯連接該半導體開關SW3之反向並聯二極體D3。 —控制單元或控制裝置1 0具有控制增加截波器7之電 壓以及降低截波器7之電壓之功能，然而，控制單元10用 以控制切換操作與放電控制開關9之傳導/切斷（on/off)，控 φ 制單元10可依據各種不同的電壓設定情況與電壓偵測信 號於下述執行各種不同控制操作，因此，控制單元10可提 供下列控制裝置。 在本申請案之說明書與圖式中，”外部線（external line)”係意指鐵道系統之供給變電所整流器6之直流側之一 般名稱，一電力儲存設備之供給線輸出側，一供給線，一 高架線以及一電車線。 (a)在第1圖之範例中，該直流電力儲存媒介物包括一 電雙層電容器，所用之雙層電容器爲一具有充電電壓範圍 -14- 1331431 其上限是高於或等於最大電壓之雙層電容器，其中該最大 電壓係電運載工具之再生電力於外部線中所顯示之電壓。 而在該外部線之無載狀態中時，該雙層電容器可對一整流 器之無載電壓充電，其中該無載電壓係高於該外部電壓之 額定電壓範圍之上限値。 (b) 該直流電力儲存設備或系統可以下列方式實行針 對再生電力吸收之測量與針對再生失敗預防之測量，當該 外部線電壓變得比額定電壓範圍之上限電壓還高時，該開 關SW1與SW3可被接通（於傳導狀態中）以連接外部線與電 雙層電容器，並因而導致該雙層電容器吸收再生電力作爲 充電電力。藉此電力吸收，由於外部線電壓之突然增加， 該系統可預防電運載工具之再生失敗，並可從電雙層電容 器藉由放電吸收再生能量到一電力運轉電運載工具而有效 利用再生電力。 當該外部線電壓由於此電力吸收而持續上升時，該系 統控制雙層電容器之終端電壓以及外部線電壓，以便預防 增加超過最大電壓，藉由再生電流壓縮（squeezing)電運載 工具之功能，可協同再生電流壓縮操作，同時，藉由再生 電流壓縮控制該電運載工具剛好在此狀態中時，該系統可 預防該再生被取消。 (c) 該直流電力儲存設備或系統可於下述方式中實施 對一電壓降的測量》當該外部線電壓變得比額定電壓範圍 之下限電壓還低時，若該電雙層電容器之終端電壓比外部 線電壓還高時，該系統可控制放電控制開關9之半導體開 關SW3於一切換控制模式，藉此半導體開關SW3之切換控 1331431 制，該系統可執行一電壓降低控制’以降低該 器之終端電壓，並朝該外部線放電電雙層電容 電雙層電容器之放電，該系統可保持外部線電 於外部線電壓之額定電壓範圍之下限電壓。此 雙層電容器之終端電壓藉由該放電而變得比外 低時，該系統可設定該半導體開關SW3至一打 (傳導狀態）並控制截波器7之半導體開關SW2 模式，藉此SW3與SW2控制狀態之轉換，在執 加控制時，該系統可從電雙層電容器持續放電 層電容器之終端電壓，並藉以保持該外部線電 於外部線之額定電壓範圍之下限電壓。 該再生電流之壓縮具提供至現存之電運載 能，在此壓縮控制中，一系統可監控電運載工 點電壓，當該導電架點電壓高於一預設電壓時 壓縮再生電流從100%到0%並藉以預防該導電 度增加。一般就直流1 500V系統之電運載工具 2圖所示，當該導電架點電壓低於或等於直流 則壓縮率等於1.0(壓縮量爲0%)，並且當該導 高於或等於直流 1 800V時，則壓縮率等於 100%)。介於1600V與1800V之間，該壓縮率可 比例而線性地降低至0，在此方式下，則該系 生電流，機械煞車可吸收由再生電流的壓縮控 剩餘煞車能量。 當控制操作應用至1 500V系統以針對電 量、再生電力吸收測量與再生失敗預防測量時 電雙層電容 器。藉由該 壓高於或等 外，當該電 部線電壓還 開控制狀態 於切換控制 行一電壓增 以增加電雙 壓高於或等 工具中之功 具之導電架 ，該系統則 架點電壓過 來說，如第 1600V 時， 電架點電壓 〇(壓縮量爲 與該電壓成 統可抑制再 制所產生之 壓降抑制測 ，下述將以 -16- 1331431 具體實施例來詳細解釋。 (1) 供給系統之操作情況··外部線之額定電壓範圍爲 直流1600V(上限）〜1 200V(下限），並且供給變電所（feeding substation)之整流器6之無載電壓爲直流1620V，該電雙層 電容器EDLC之最大充電電壓爲直流180 0V。1331431 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a device such as a DC power storage device, which can be connected in parallel to an external line of a conductive railway, and can be configured to supply power to an electric power during operation An electric vehicle and capable of absorbing power in a regenerative operation, and more particularly in a charging and discharging control system and/or a method of measuring a voltage drop of an external line to control a power storage medium , measurement of absorption of regenerative energy of an electric vehicle, and/or measurement for preventing failure of regeneration of an electric vehicle. [Prior Art] In a direct current supply system, 'traction power substations' can be configured on a relatively long interval in a relatively busy or unbusy railway line, and therefore, The electric railway carrier, for example, due to the voltage drop of an external wire (such as an overhead wire), when the vehicle is started at a large current, the pantograph point voltage can be reduced to below the lower limit of a rated voltage. In order to compensate for the voltage drop, a traction power substation (DC VR) may be provided or a notch restraint control may be implemented in the electric vehicle. However, in a relatively busy or non-busy railway line, the electric vehicle in the regenerative mode has only one limiting opportunity to absorb the regenerative energy as the energy of the electric power by absorbing another vehicle, and thus gradually reduce the regeneration failure ( The inability of an electric vehicle, even in a busy or active railway line, when the power operation is terminated in another vehicle, the regeneration failure can occur in an electric vehicle in the regeneration mode, and the load Can be suddenly reduced. 1331431 When the regeneration is canceled, the electric vehicle can stop the regeneration operation and change from the electric vehicle to the mechanical brake in the braking mode, and the braking mode switching operation causes a delay in the braking, which is more than one. The predetermined position causes a failure in stopping the vehicle, and the service life is shortened due to wear in the hard brake of the mechanical brake between the wheel and the brake shoe. There are three methods for absorbing regenerative power to prevent regeneration failure. (1) A method of supplying regenerative power by an inverter to an AC power source: as shown in FIG. 4A, DC power regenerated by a regenerative vehicle 1 can be passed through an inverter 2 is combined with a transformer 3 in series, and converted into AC power of a control voltage and a control frequency, wherein the inverter 2 and a transformer 3 are connected between an AC load and an external line or a line serving as a DC supply side. And the AC power can be supplied to the AC power source side. This method requires the AC load to absorb the regenerative power, and more requires a transformer, an AC breaker, an inverter, and a DC interrupter for the inverter, making the entire system expensive. (2) A regenerative method for supplying regenerative power by a chopper to a regenerative resistance device: as shown in FIG. 4B, 'a chopper 4 can be used by a regenerative electric vehicle 1 The regenerative DC power is converted to the DC power of the control voltage, and a regenerative resistance device 5 can absorb the DC power as heat. Since all of the regenerative electric power is absorbed by the electric resistance device, the method cannot effectively use the regenerative electric power, and this method requires a larger-sized electric resistance device. However, this method further requires a ventilating device and a heat releasing device, 1331431, to dissipate the heat generated by the resistive device, and the device is relatively expensive including the chopper. (3) Regeneration method using DC power storage device: as shown in FIG. 4C, on the DC side of a rectifier 6, a step-u ρ and step-down chopping can be provided. And the DC power storage device composed of the DC power storage unit 8 , when the external line voltage exceeds the upper limit of its rated voltage range, the external line voltage can be a chopper 7 voltage due to the regenerative operation of the electric vehicle Reducing control to control to a low voltage level, and absorbing regenerative power as a charging current from the external line (cf. JP2000-233669A, and JP20 (H-2607 1 8A) through the chopper 7 to the DC power storage Unit 8. When the external line voltage becomes lower than the lower limit of the rated voltage range, the external line voltage can be controlled by the voltage increase of a chopper 7 to be controlled to a high voltage level due to the electric operation operation of the electric vehicle. And supplying power from the DC power storage unit 8 through the chopper 7 to the external line, so 'this system can be used as a measure for voltage drop and can be used for leveling from the side of the AC source (l Eveling) load. Figure 5 shows the main circuit architecture of the DC power storage device, the boost and buck chopper 7 includes a high pressure side arm; a low pressure side arm; and a reaction device L, the high voltage side arm The invention includes a semiconductor switch SW1 having a first end and a second end connected to the external line, and the connection enables the semiconductor switch to control a charging current flowing from the external line; and an anti-parallel diode D1 is connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch SW1. The low-voltage side arm includes a semiconductor switch swi having a first end connected to a second end of the semiconductor switch SW1 and a second end 1331431 end, and is identical to The direction of the switch SW1 is connected in series with the switch SW1 to control the current; and an anti-parallel diode D2 is connected in reverse parallel to the semiconductor switch SW2. The reaction device L has a connection to the semiconductor switch a first end of the second end of the SW1, and a second end connected to an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). As shown in Fig. 6, when the external line voltage becomes higher than When the upper limit of the constant voltage range is reached, the power storage system is configured to reduce the external line voltage by the control of the chopper due to the regenerative operation of the electric vehicle 1, that is, the system can control the switch SW1 to perform a switching operation to allow A charging current flows from the external line through the switch SW1 and the reaction device L to the EDLC turn-on period; and is implemented by circulating a EDLC and D2 from the reaction device to charge the EDLC, whereby the system can regenerate power as an EDLC Charging energy. As shown in Fig. 6, when the external line voltage becomes lower than the lower limit of the rated voltage range, the power storage system can be controlled by the interceptor due to the electric operation operation of the electric vehicle 1 Increasing the external line voltage, that is, the system can control the switch SW2 in a chopping mode, by flowing from the EDLC through L and SW2 during the on period (〇n pen〇d) to the EDLC a short-circuit current to accumulate electromagnetic energy in the reaction device L; and a discharge current caused by flowing from the EDLC through the reaction devices L and D1 to the external line, In order to suppress the voltage drop of an external line, the DC power storage device can utilize a battery instead of or in addition to the electric double layer capacitor. The battery is better for long-term energy storage and storage. However, the battery is inferior in terms of fast charging and discharging characteristics, and therefore, the battery suddenly changes 13311431 or electric vehicle at the time of load start. Acceleration may result in a delay in the fast charge rise regenerative power or a delay in the discharge operation, and thus the battery may cause a sudden change or regeneration failure in the external line voltage. On the other hand, the electric double layer capacitor is preferable in the fast charging and discharging characteristics, and the electric double layer capacitor can appropriately absorb regenerative energy from an electric vehicle and quickly respond to sudden changes in load. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [First Task] The DC power storage device is used to suppress voltage reduction of an external line, wherein the DC power storage device includes an electric double layer capacitor and a boost and buck chopper, which can be illustrated in FIG. In the architecture of the figure, the terminal voltage (standby voltage) of the electric double layer capacitor can be set to be lower than the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line voltage, and the route of the reaction device L+ diode D1 can be prevented. The discharge from the electric double layer capacitor to the external line, however, in order to increase the power supply (storage amount) from the electric double layer capacitor to the maximum 値, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor can be set to be close to the rated voltage range of the external line voltage. One of the lower limits of the voltage near the lower limit. In the example of a 1 500V system, the external line voltage is less than or equal to 1 200 V (the lower limit of the rated voltage range of the external line voltage), and power can be supplied from the electric double layer capacitor, and the electric double layer capacitor The terminal voltage (standby voltage) can be set lower than or equal to 1200V, and the system can be configured to suppress the voltage drop of the external line voltage by increasing the voltage controlled by the chopper. In the architecture of Fig. 5, since the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor can be set lower than the lower limit of the rated voltage range of the external line voltage, the stored amount of stored electric energy of the electric double layer capacitor can be limited. It is feasible to increase the amount of stored power by increasing the parallel unit of the electric double-10-1331431 layer capacitor and increasing the controllable current of the boost and buck chopper. However, this measurement will increase the DC power storage device. Size and increase cost. [Second Task] When the DC power storage device is used to suppress the voltage drop and absorb the regenerative power, the system of the above-mentioned patent document can be configured to increase the voltage (or boost) in terms of the voltage reduction of the external line voltage. The terminal voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor with a chopper in the control mode to suppress the voltage drop, and in the control mode of the voltage drop (buck) can be reduced by the voltage drop of the external line voltage The external line voltage is used to absorb regenerative power. In this case, in order to use the measurement of the voltage drop and the measurement of the absorbed regenerative electric power, the same voltage range of the terminal voltage (the standby voltage) of the electric double layer capacitor can be used for the discharge operation for suppressing the voltage drop and for absorbing the regenerative electric power. In the charging operation, however, the system can more effectively suppress the voltage drop in a fully charged state when the voltage drop is inhibited, wherein the electric double layer capacitor is fully charged and thus its terminal voltage is high. While operating on regenerative power, the system can absorb more energy in a state where the total amount of charging energy in the state is low in the electric double layer capacitor and thus its terminal voltage is low. Therefore, since the total amount of the supplied discharge electric energy and the total amount of the absorbed charging energy can be used in the same voltage range, the function of the voltage drop suppression and the total amount of energy of the function of regenerating the power absorption are performed, and become more than in the fully charged state. The total amount of energy under and the total amount of energy in the lowest state of charge is still low, so that the system cannot perform the two functions satisfactorily. Therefore, in order to satisfy both the voltage drop suppression and the regenerative power absorption function to ensure the total amount of charge/discharge energy, it is necessary to increase the number of the electric double layer capacitors and the number of the junction units and increase the boost as the first problem described above. The amount of control current with the buck chopper. Therefore, this technology increases the size of the DC power storage device and also increases the cost. In order to increase the total amount of charging/discharging energy, a first direct current power storage unit having a low terminal voltage (standby voltage) for voltage drop suppression function and a second direct current power having high terminal voltage for regenerative power absorption may be utilized. Dual system of storage units, however, this dual system increases the size and cost of the system. Φ [Third Mission] When the power storage medium such as the electric double layer capacitor is in a fully charged state, the system of the above patent document cannot absorb the regenerative electric power, and the regeneration will fail when the electric vehicle performs a regenerative operation, thus The need to provide a resistive device to absorb regenerative power will increase, however 'the power storage medium maintains a fully charged state until some vehicles begin a power running operation. Therefore, if the regeneration operation is continued, the regeneration will continuously fail. It is an object of the present invention to provide a DC power storage device or system suitable for increasing the amount of power supplied to an external line and increasing the amount of power absorbed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a DC power storage device includes a DC/DC converter for connecting a power storage medium to an external line of a DC rail, the DC/DC converter comprising: The regenerative power control section 'when the external line voltage becomes higher than the upper limit of the rated voltage range of the external line' enables a conductive connection between the external line and the power storage medium to charge or discharge the power storage medium, and when When the external line voltage becomes lower than the upper limit thereof, the connection between the external line and the power storage medium is interrupted; and a voltage drop suppression portion is obtained when the external line voltage becomes higher than the external line of the -12-1331431 external line The lower limit of the voltage range is also low, and when the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is higher than the external line voltage, the power storage medium is discharged toward the external line while reducing the terminal voltage of the power storage medium, and when the external line When the voltage becomes lower than the lower limit and the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is lower than the external line voltage, the power is discharged toward the external line. The storage medium simultaneously increases the terminal voltage of the power storage medium. According to another aspect of the present invention, the DC power storage device includes: a power storage medium suitable for connecting an external line to a railway system rail #; A discharge control switch for controlling the discharge current of the power storage medium: and a control unit. When the external line voltage becomes higher than the upper limit of the rated voltage range of the external line, the control unit can be equipped to control the discharge control switch to an on-control state to allow discharge of the power storage medium and when the power is stored When the terminal voltage of the medium becomes lower than the upper limit voltage, the discharge control switch can be controlled to a closed control state to stop the discharge of the power storage medium. When the external line voltage becomes lower than the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line, the control unit can be further equipped to control the discharge control switch to a switching control state to allow the discharge of the power storage medium. And when the external line voltage increases above the lower limit voltage, the discharge control switch can be controlled to the off control state to stop the discharge of the power storage medium. [Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a DC power storage device or system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The main circuit portion of FIG. 1 is almost the same as the circuit shown in FIG. In the circuit of Figure 5, a step-up and step-down chopper 7 includes a high voltage side arm; a low voltage side arm; and a 13-133131 reaction device L, the high side arm (or a first switch) including Just like the electrical switch of the semiconductor switch SW1 and an anti-parallel diode D1. The low voltage side arm (or a second switch) includes an electrical switch such as a semiconductor switch SW1 and an 'anti-parallel diode D2. The high and low voltage side arms can be connected in series, and the series combination of the high and low voltage side arms can connect an external line to the rail of a railway system. The reaction device L has a first reaction device end connected to the junction between the high pressure side arm and the low pressure side arm, and a second reaction device end. In contrast to the circuit of FIG. 5, the φ band of the circuit of FIG. 1 includes a discharge control switch 9 connected between the end of the second reaction device of the reaction device L and the power storage medium (EDLC) 8. The discharge control switch 9 is constituted by an electronic switch positioned like a semiconductor switch SW3 to control a discharge current from the power storage medium; and an anti-parallel diode D3 connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch SW3. - The control unit or control device 10 has the function of controlling the voltage of the chopper 7 and reducing the voltage of the chopper 7, however, the control unit 10 is used to control the switching/disconnection of the switching operation and the discharge control switch 9 (on /off), the control φ unit 10 can perform various control operations according to various voltage setting conditions and voltage detection signals as follows. Therefore, the control unit 10 can provide the following control devices. In the specification and drawings of the present application, "external line" means the general name of the DC side of the rectifier system 6 of the railway system, a supply line output side of the power storage device, a supply Line, an overhead line and a tram line. (a) In the example of Fig. 1, the DC power storage medium comprises an electric double layer capacitor, and the double layer capacitor used is a pair having a charging voltage range of -14-13314, the upper limit being higher than or equal to the maximum voltage. A layer capacitor, wherein the maximum voltage is the voltage of the regenerative power of the electric vehicle displayed in the external line. The double layer capacitor charges the unloaded voltage of a rectifier when the external line is in an unloaded state, wherein the no-load voltage is higher than the upper limit of the rated voltage range of the external voltage. (b) The DC power storage device or system may perform measurement for regenerative power absorption and measurement for regenerative failure prevention in the following manner, when the external line voltage becomes higher than the upper limit voltage of the rated voltage range, the switch SW1 and SW3 can be turned on (in a conductive state) to connect the external line to the electric double layer capacitor, and thus causes the double layer capacitor to absorb regenerative electric power as charging power. With this power absorption, the system can prevent the regeneration failure of the electric vehicle due to the sudden increase of the external line voltage, and can effectively utilize the regenerative electric power from the electric double layer capacitor by discharging the regenerative energy to discharge a power running electric vehicle. When the external line voltage continues to rise due to the absorption of the power, the system controls the terminal voltage of the double layer capacitor and the external line voltage to prevent the increase from exceeding the maximum voltage, and the function of squeezing the electric vehicle by the regenerative current can be In conjunction with the regenerative current compression operation, while the regenerative current compression controls the electric vehicle to be in this state, the system prevents the regeneration from being cancelled. (c) The DC power storage device or system can perform a measurement of a voltage drop in the following manner: when the external line voltage becomes lower than the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range, if the terminal of the electric double layer capacitor When the voltage is higher than the external line voltage, the system can control the semiconductor switch SW3 of the discharge control switch 9 in a switching control mode, whereby the switching of the semiconductor switch SW3 is controlled by 1331431, and the system can perform a voltage reduction control 'to reduce the The terminal voltage of the device discharges the electric double layer capacitor electric double layer capacitor toward the external line, and the system can maintain the external line to the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line voltage. When the terminal voltage of the double layer capacitor is lower than the outside by the discharge, the system can set the semiconductor switch SW3 to one dozen (conduction state) and control the semiconductor switch SW2 mode of the chopper 7, whereby the SW3 and The SW2 control state is switched. When the control is applied, the system can continuously discharge the terminal voltage of the layer capacitor from the electric double layer capacitor, thereby maintaining the external line to the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line. The regenerative current compression device provides the existing electric carrying energy. In the compression control, a system can monitor the electric carrying point voltage, and when the conductive rack point voltage is higher than a predetermined voltage, the compressed regenerative current is from 100% to 0% and to prevent this increase in conductivity. Generally speaking, as shown in the diagram of the electric vehicle of the DC 1 500V system, when the voltage of the conductive rack is lower than or equal to DC, the compression ratio is equal to 1.0 (compression amount is 0%), and when the conduction is higher than or equal to DC 1 800V At the time, the compression ratio is equal to 100%). Between 1600V and 1800V, the compression ratio can be proportionally and linearly reduced to 0. In this mode, the current is generated, and the mechanical brake can absorb the compression control residual braking energy by the regenerative current. When the control operation is applied to the 1 500V system for electric power, regenerative power absorption measurement and regeneration failure prevention measurement, the electric double layer capacitor. By the voltage being higher than or equal to, when the voltage of the electric part line is further controlled, the voltage of the switching control line is increased to increase the electric double frame of the electric tool of the tool in the tool, and the system is arranged. When the voltage is too high, for example, at 1600V, the grid point voltage 〇 (the amount of compression is integrated with the voltage to suppress the voltage drop suppression test caused by the rework, which will be explained in detail below in the specific embodiment of -16-1331431. (1) Operation of the supply system · The rated voltage range of the external line is DC 1600V (upper limit) ~ 1 200V (lower limit), and the unloaded voltage of the rectifier 6 supplied to the feeding substation is DC 1620V. The maximum charging voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is DC 180 V.
(2) 無載操作：當該外部線電壓係高於或等於i6〇〇V 時，控制單元10控制截波器7之半導體開關SW1爲接通 (on)(傳導）控制狀態，當該電雙層電容器EDLC低於1 600V • 時，該電雙層電容器可從該供給變電所之整流器6充電直 到充電電壓到達整流器6之無載電壓（ 1 620V)爲止。 (3) 正常負載操作：當電運載工具操作在電力運轉模 式下，並且該外部線電壓變得低於整流器無載電壓（ 1 620 V) 時，可執行該控制單元10與從整流器6之供給並聯，由於 外部線電壓與電雙層電容器之終端電壓是均衡的 (equilibrium)，因此可藉由放電控制開關9之接通控制而從 該電雙層電容器供應電力，然而，當外部線電壓變得比 φ 1 600V還低（但高於或等於1 200V)時，控制單元10關閉 (turn off)該放電控制開關9。因此，在此情況下，只能於 外部線額定電壓範圍內從該整流器6供應電力能量。(2) No-load operation: When the external line voltage is higher than or equal to i6〇〇V, the control unit 10 controls the semiconductor switch SW1 of the chopper 7 to be in an on (conduction) control state, when the electric When the double layer capacitor EDLC is lower than 1 600 V •, the electric double layer capacitor can be charged from the rectifier 6 supplied to the substation until the charging voltage reaches the unloaded voltage (1 620 V) of the rectifier 6. (3) Normal load operation: When the electric vehicle is operated in the electric power operation mode and the external line voltage becomes lower than the rectifier unloaded voltage (1 620 V), the supply of the control unit 10 and the slave rectifier 6 can be performed. In parallel, since the external line voltage and the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor are equalized, power can be supplied from the electric double layer capacitor by the on control of the discharge control switch 9, however, when the external line voltage is changed When it is lower than φ 1 600V (but higher than or equal to 1 200V), the control unit 10 turns off the discharge control switch 9. Therefore, in this case, the electric energy can be supplied from the rectifier 6 only within the rated voltage range of the external line.
(4) 針對再生電力吸收之測量與再生失敗預防之測量： 如第3圖所示，當外部線電壓由電運載工具之再生電力而 增加，並且該外部線電壓變得高於外部線電壓（時間常數爲 tl)之額定電壓範圍之上限（1 600V)時，該控制單元10可打 開（turn on)升壓與降壓截波器7之半導體開關SW1，並打 開半導體開關SW3，在此情況下，由於電雙層電容器EDLC -17- 1331431 之終端電壓也爲1600V，因此該系統會導致藉由半導體開 關SW1之接通控制而讓充電電流從外部線流動到電雙層電 容器EDLC，並藉以吸收由此充電操作所再生之電力。 藉電運載工具之再生電力之充電操作，可增加電雙層 電容器EDLC之終端電壓，並且可一起增加該電運載工具 之導電架（pantograph)點電壓’在導電架點電壓增加的情況 下，該電運載工具可活化（activate)壓縮功能，並減少再生 電流。若於電運載工具末端之再生操作時（外部線電壓末端 與外部線電壓之上升會降低朝整流器之無載電壓 (1 620V)，如第3圖所示之曲線A)，藉由半導體開關SW3 之接通控制而自然地減少該電雙層電容器EDLC之終端電 壓，因爲此動作可保持電壓於此區域之外部線電壓與附近 區域之外部線電壓之間的均衡，因此，若保持無載狀態， 則電雙層電容器EDLC之終端電壓可穩定整流器之無載電 壓（1620 V)。若當該外部線電壓比上限電壓高時，可從電雙 層電容器EDLC供應電力直到整流器無載電壓供應至一電 力電運載工具。在該無載電壓下，可從整流器並聯供應電 力至電運載工具與電雙層電容器EDLC，並且該外部線電壓 可藉由電力運載工具之動作（如第3圖中所示之曲線B)而被 穩定至上限電壓以下。 當電雙層電容器EDLC之終端電壓變得比外部線之額 定電壓範圍之上限（1 600V)還低時，則控制單元1〇可藉由 半導體開關SW3之關閉（off)控制而停止電雙層電容器 EDLC之放電操作’該電運載工具可只從整流器6接收電力 供應。 -18- 1331431 當持續電運載工具之再生操作，以及電雙層電容器 EDLC之終端電壓可達到最大電壓（1 800V)(在時間常數 時，則從電運載工具之再生電流可藉由電流壓縮操作而降 低至零，因此，雖然該外部線電壓可暫時超過額定電壓範 圍之上限（ 1 600V)而達到1 800V，但該系統更可藉由再生電 流降低至零而預防外部線電壓的增加，並藉以預防再生失 敗》 因此，針對再生電力吸收之測量與再生失敗預防之測 量中，該外部線電壓可暫時增加超過額定電壓範圍之上限 (1 600 V)，但該外部線電壓最後會降低至一低於或等於整流 器無載電壓或額定電壓之上限之水準，因此，電雙層電容 器EDLC之終端電壓可控制在1600V~1800V的範圍內。 (5) 對於電壓降之測量：如第3圖所示，當一電運載工 具操作在電力運轉模式中，且該外部線電壓變得比該下限 ( 1 200V)(時間常數t3)還低時，該控制單元10可藉由半導體 開關SW3之切換控制而降低電雙層電容器EDLC之終端電 壓，透過反應裝置L與二極體D1，從電雙層電容器EDLC 開始一放電操作，並協同整流器6之電力供應藉以抑制一 電壓降，當該外部線電壓回復（returned)時，藉由該操作可 抑制電壓降至一高於或等於該下限（1200V)(於時間常數 t4，如第3圖所示之曲線C)之準位，該控制單元10藉由關 閉半導體開關SW3而停止電雙層電容器EDLC之放電，藉 由改變升壓與降壓截波器之操作而對電雙層電容器EDLC 充電至該電壓增加控制（如第3圖中所示之曲線C’），並停 止充電狀態上的控制至1600 V。 -19- 1331431 當該外部線電壓殘留下限電壓（1200V)下，並且電雙層 電容器EDLC之終端電壓變得比外部線電壓（於時間常數t5) 還低時，該控制單元10可轉變半導體開關SW3爲接通（0n) 控制狀態，並且該升壓與降壓截波器7之半導體開關SW2 可轉變爲切換控制模式，藉由此方式，該控制單元10可持 續放電而增加終端電壓，並協同整流器6之電力供應藉以 抑制外部線電壓之電壓降，在此放電下，該電雙層電容器 EDLC之終端電壓可降低至下限電壓（1 200V)以下，當該外 部線電壓藉由此電壓降抑制（於時間常數t6，如第3圖中所 示之曲線D)而回復至高於或等於下限（1200V)之準位時，該 控制單元10可藉由升/降截波器7 (如第3圖中所示之曲線 D’）之電壓降低控制而對電雙層電容器EDLC充電，並於充 電狀態下終結該電壓降低控制至1 600V。 當該外部線之電壓降持續，且電雙層電容器EDLC之 終端電壓藉由該放電（於時間常數t7)而降低至最小電壓 (5 00 V)時，該控制單元10可停止升壓與降壓截波器7之控 制。當電運載工具末端之電力運轉操作（於時間常數t8)並 且該外部線電壓回復至等於或高於12〇〇 V (於時間常數t9， 如圖所示之曲線£)之準位時，該系統可對電雙層電容器 EDLC(如第3圖所示之曲線E’）充電。 因此，該電雙層電容器EDLC之終端電壓可控制於 500V〜1 6〇〇v之範圍中。 亦即’針對電壓降抑制之測量，此系統相較於先前技 術之系統，可使其充電或放電該電雙層電容器EDLC於一 較寬的電壓範圍（500V~1600V)，即使電雙層電容器之電容 -20- 1331431 量保持不改變該先前技術之系統（不需增加並聯元件之數 量），並可明顯地增加供應該電壓降抑制之電量。 在圖式之實例中，該直流/直流轉換器可由該升壓與降 壓截波器與放電控制開關構成，然而，可藉由應用充電與 放電電路等效實現效果與操作，其中該電路具有與圖式實 例不同之架構，使電力儲存媒介物如EDLC與外部線之間 能充電與放電。 該圖式實例之系統可配置以執行充電/放電控制以控 制電雙層電容器之終端電壓接近外部線之額定電壓範圍之 上限電壓，然而，可配置該系統以控制電雙層電容器之終 端電壓於外部線之額定電壓範圍之下限電壓與上限電壓之 間。 例如，該電雙層電容器之終端電壓可於下限電壓與上 限電壓之間設定一中間値，從該狀態，該系統可滿足電壓 降抑制之測量功能與再生電力吸收之測量功能。然而，當 電雙層電容器之終端電壓變得高於或等於該整流器之無載 電壓時，該系統可允許電雙層電容器之終端電壓自然地降 低並即使沒有電力運載工具仍可於整個外部線中維持電壓 平衡。當電雙層電容器之終端電壓於一個或更多運載工具 中藉由電力再生操作之持續而持續增加時，該系統可藉由 利用電運載工具之電流壓縮控制而預防再生失敗。 在第1圖之實例中，該電力儲存媒介物包括一電雙層 電容器，其可藉由應用如該電力儲存媒介物、混合電容器、 大容量電容器、及/或電池而實現類似之效應與操作。然 而’其可選擇以提供一死帶（dead band)至一預定電壓以控 •21- 1331431 制半導體開關，以預防半導體開關之顫動（chattering)。 如上述解釋，當該外部線電壓超過額定電壓範圍之上 限電壓時，依據此實施例之該系統可吸收再生電力，並當 外部線電壓降低至額定電壓範圍之下限電壓下時，可抑制 電壓降。 然而，此實施例之該電力儲存設備相較於第5圖之系 統可充電與放電一電雙層電容器於一較寬的電壓範圍，並 且雖然該電雙層電容器之電量儲存量等於或大於傳統裝置 φ 之全充電狀態中之量，則仍可吸收再生電力。因此，該系 統可滿足電壓降抑制之功能與再生電力吸收之功能。當該 電雙層電容器之終端電壓變得高於或等於該整流器之無載 電壓時，即使沒有電力運載工具，該系統可導致於整個外 部線系統中具電壓平衡之電雙層電容器之終端電壓自然降 低。即使電雙層電容器之終端電壓持續由連貫之電力再生 操作而上升，該系統可藉由一電運載工具之電流壓縮控制 之使用而預防該再生之失敗。 φ 此實施例可明顯地增加針對電壓降抑制之可供應之電 量，而不會招致系統之尺寸的增加以及費用的增加。 依據本發明說明之實施例，一直流電力儲存設備或系 統包含一直流/直流轉換器電路，如一升壓與降壓截波器， 可於外部線與一電力儲存媒介物如電雙層電容器之間連 接，以及一控制單元（10)。當一外部線電壓變得比外部線 之額定電壓範圍之上限還高時，因爲於無載狀態中朝整流 器之無載電壓（牽引電力變電所）之外部線電壓之增加，其 高於上限電壓，故該控制單元（10)可產生充電傳導路徑（由 -22- 1331431 導通SW1)並藉以充電該電力儲存媒介物至該整流器之無 載電壓，針對再生電力吸收之測量，當該外部線電壓（於一 終端之電壓連接截波器與外部線）變得高於上限電壓時，該 控制單元可產生傳導路徑以導致電力儲存媒介物吸收再生 運載工具之再生電力以作爲充電能量。當該再生運載工具 之導電架點電壓增加時，該控制單元可藉由利用電載工具 之再生電流壓縮功能而預防電運載工具之再生失敗，針對 電壓降之測量，當該外部線電壓變得低於外部線之額定電 壓範圍之下限時，該控制單元可從電力儲存媒介物放電至 電力儲存媒介物之終端電壓之具有電壓降低控制或電壓增 加控制之外部線。 在此實施例中’該控制單元10可連接感測部（sensing section)以感測一外部線電壓與直流電力儲存媒介物之終 端電壓，該感測部可包括一第一感測器或第一感測部以感 測該外部線電壓，以及一第二感測器或第二感測部以感測 該電力儲存媒介物之終端電壓。 依據說明之實施例，一直流電力儲存方法包含：一於外 部線與電力儲存媒介物之間產生傳導連接之第一方法元 件，當外部線電壓變得高於外部線之額定電壓範圍之上限 時，用以充電與放電該電力儲存；當外部線電壓變得比上 限還低時，一中斷外部線與電力儲存媒介物之間之連接之 第二方法元件；當外部線電壓變得低於外部線之額定電壓 範圍之下限，且電力儲存媒介物之終端電壓高於外部線電 壓時，一朝外部線放電該電力儲存媒介物之第三方法元件 並可降低該電力儲存媒介物之終端電壓；以及當外部線電 •23- 1331431 壓變得低於下限電壓且該電力儲存媒介 外部線電壓時，一朝外部線之放電電力 方法元件並可增低該電力儲存媒介物之 此應用係基於先前2006年2月10 第2006-3 39 88號，此日本專利申請案第 個內容在此可倂入全文參考。 雖然本發明藉由參照本發明之特定 明，但本發明並不拘限於該些上述之實 實施例之修正與變化將可參照上述技術 域中具通常知識者所了解，本發明之範 專利範圍而被界定。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖依據本發明之一實施例顯示 備之電路圖。 第2圖係顯示一電運載工具之再生 檩圖，其中該電運載工具可利用至第1 中。 第3圖係針對第1圖之電力儲存設 波形圖，以防止再生失敗以及抑制電壓 第4A、4B與4C圖係針對三個習知 生系統之槪要圖。 第5圖係顯示一習知技術之直流電〕 第6圖係針對第5圖之電力儲存設 物之終端電壓低於 儲存媒介物之第四 終端電壓。 曰曰本專利申請案 2006-33988 號之整 實施例已於上述說 施例，上述之該些 而可被所屬技術領 圍可參照下述申請 一直流電力儲存設 電流壓縮特性之座 圖之電力儲存設備 備之操作之一電壓 降。 技術之不同電力再 j儲存設備電路圖。 備操作之波形圖。 -24- 1331431 【主要元件符號說明】(4) Measurement of regenerative power absorption measurement and regeneration failure prevention: As shown in Fig. 3, when the external line voltage is increased by the regenerative electric power of the electric vehicle, and the external line voltage becomes higher than the external line voltage ( When the time constant is the upper limit of the rated voltage range of t1) (1 600V), the control unit 10 can turn on the semiconductor switch SW1 of the step-up and step-down chopper 7 and turn on the semiconductor switch SW3. Then, since the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC -17-1331431 is also 1600V, the system causes the charging current to flow from the external line to the electric double layer capacitor EDLC by the turn-on control of the semiconductor switch SW1, and thereby The power regenerated by this charging operation is absorbed. The charging operation of the regenerative electric power of the electric vehicle can increase the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC, and can increase the pantograph point voltage of the electric vehicle together, in the case where the voltage of the conductive rack point increases, The electric vehicle activates the compression function and reduces the regenerative current. If the regenerative operation is performed at the end of the electric vehicle (the rise of the external line voltage and the external line voltage will reduce the unloaded voltage (1 620V) toward the rectifier, as shown in the graph A of Figure 3), by the semiconductor switch SW3 The turn-on control naturally reduces the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC, because this action maintains the balance between the external line voltage of the voltage region and the external line voltage of the nearby region, and therefore, if the unloaded state is maintained The terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC stabilizes the unloaded voltage of the rectifier (1620 V). If the external line voltage is higher than the upper limit voltage, power can be supplied from the electric double layer capacitor EDLC until the rectifier unloaded voltage is supplied to a power electric vehicle. At the no-load voltage, power can be supplied in parallel from the rectifier to the electric vehicle and the electric double layer capacitor EDLC, and the external line voltage can be acted upon by the power carrier (as shown by curve B in FIG. 3) It is stabilized below the upper limit voltage. When the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC becomes lower than the upper limit of the rated voltage range of the external line (1 600 V), the control unit 1 can stop the electric double layer by the off control of the semiconductor switch SW3. Discharge Operation of Capacitor EDLC 'The electric vehicle can receive power only from the rectifier 6. -18- 1331431 When the regenerative operation of the continuous electric vehicle and the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC reach the maximum voltage (1 800V) (at the time constant, the regenerative current from the electric vehicle can be operated by current compression) And down to zero, therefore, although the external line voltage can temporarily exceed the upper limit of the rated voltage range (1 600V) and reach 1 800V, the system can prevent the increase of the external line voltage by reducing the regenerative current to zero, and Therefore, in the measurement of regenerative power absorption measurement and regeneration failure prevention, the external line voltage can temporarily increase beyond the upper limit of the rated voltage range (1 600 V), but the external line voltage will eventually decrease to one. It is lower than or equal to the upper limit of the no-load voltage or rated voltage of the rectifier. Therefore, the terminal voltage of the electric double-layer capacitor EDLC can be controlled within the range of 1600V~1800V. (5) Measurement of voltage drop: as shown in Figure 3 It is shown that when an electric vehicle is operated in the electric power operation mode and the external line voltage becomes lower than the lower limit (1 200V) (time constant t3), The control unit 10 can reduce the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC by switching control of the semiconductor switch SW3, pass through the reaction device L and the diode D1, start a discharge operation from the electric double layer capacitor EDLC, and cooperate with the power of the rectifier 6. The supply is used to suppress a voltage drop, and when the external line voltage is returned, the operation can suppress the voltage from falling below a lower limit (1200V) (at a time constant t4, as shown in FIG. 3). At the level of curve C), the control unit 10 stops the discharge of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC by turning off the semiconductor switch SW3, and charges the electric double layer capacitor EDLC by changing the operation of the step-up and step-down chopper. Voltage increase control (such as curve C' shown in Figure 3), and stop control on the charge state to 1600 V. -19- 1331431 When the external line voltage residual lower limit voltage (1200V), and the electric double layer capacitor When the terminal voltage of the EDLC becomes lower than the external line voltage (at the time constant t5), the control unit 10 can change the semiconductor switch SW3 to the ON (0n) control state, and the step-up and step-down chopper 7 The semiconductor switch SW2 can be converted into a switching control mode. In this way, the control unit 10 can continuously discharge to increase the terminal voltage, and cooperate with the power supply of the rectifier 6 to suppress the voltage drop of the external line voltage. The terminal voltage of the double-layer capacitor EDLC can be lowered to below the lower limit voltage (1 200V), and the external line voltage is restored to higher than by the voltage drop suppression (at the time constant t6, as shown by the curve D in FIG. 3). Or equal to the lower limit (1200V), the control unit 10 can charge the electric double layer capacitor EDLC by the voltage drop control of the up/down chopper 7 (such as the curve D' shown in FIG. 3). And terminate the voltage reduction control to 1 600V in the state of charge. When the voltage drop of the external line continues and the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC is reduced to the minimum voltage (500 V) by the discharge (at the time constant t7), the control unit 10 can stop boosting and lowering. Control of the pressure chopper 7. When the power operation of the end of the electric vehicle is operated (at a time constant t8) and the external line voltage returns to a level equal to or higher than 12 〇〇V (at a time constant t9, as shown by the curve £), The system can charge the electric double layer capacitor EDLC (curve E' as shown in Figure 3). Therefore, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor EDLC can be controlled in the range of 500V to 16 〇〇v. That is, for the measurement of voltage drop suppression, this system can charge or discharge the electric double layer capacitor EDLC over a wide voltage range (500V~1600V) compared to the prior art system, even if the electric double layer capacitor The capacitance of the -20- 1331431 quantity remains unchanged from the prior art system (without increasing the number of parallel components) and can significantly increase the amount of power supplied to the voltage drop suppression. In the example of the figure, the DC/DC converter may be constituted by the step-up and step-down chopper and the discharge control switch, however, the effect and operation may be realized by applying a charging and discharging circuit equivalently, wherein the circuit has A different architecture than the graphical example enables charging and discharging of power storage media such as EDLC and external lines. The system of the illustrated example can be configured to perform charge/discharge control to control the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor to be close to the upper voltage limit of the rated voltage range of the external line, however, the system can be configured to control the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor The lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range of the external line is between the upper limit voltage and the upper limit voltage. For example, the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor can be set between the lower limit voltage and the upper limit voltage. From this state, the system can satisfy the measurement function of the voltage drop suppression and the measurement function of the regenerative power absorption. However, when the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor becomes higher than or equal to the no-load voltage of the rectifier, the system can allow the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor to naturally decrease and remain in the entire external line even without the electric vehicle. Maintain voltage balance. When the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor continues to increase in one or more vehicles by the continuation of the power regeneration operation, the system can prevent regeneration failure by utilizing current compression control of the electric vehicle. In the example of FIG. 1, the power storage medium includes an electric double layer capacitor that can achieve similar effects and operations by applying applications such as the power storage medium, hybrid capacitors, bulk capacitors, and/or batteries. . However, it can be selected to provide a dead band to a predetermined voltage to control the 21 - 1331431 semiconductor switch to prevent chattering of the semiconductor switch. As explained above, when the external line voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage of the rated voltage range, the system according to this embodiment can absorb the regenerative electric power and suppress the voltage drop when the external line voltage is lowered to the lower limit voltage of the rated voltage range. . However, the power storage device of this embodiment can charge and discharge an electric double layer capacitor over a wider voltage range than the system of FIG. 5, and although the electric double layer capacitor has a power storage amount equal to or greater than the conventional The amount of the fully charged state of the device φ can still absorb the regenerative power. Therefore, the system can satisfy the function of voltage drop suppression and the function of regenerative power absorption. When the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor becomes higher than or equal to the no-load voltage of the rectifier, the system can cause the terminal voltage of the voltage double-layered electric double layer capacitor in the entire external line system even without the power carrier. Naturally reduced. Even if the terminal voltage of the electric double layer capacitor continues to rise by continuous power regeneration operation, the system can prevent the failure of the regeneration by the use of current compression control of an electric vehicle. φ This embodiment can significantly increase the supply of power for voltage drop suppression without incurring an increase in the size of the system and an increase in cost. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a DC power storage device or system includes a DC/DC converter circuit, such as a boost and buck chopper, for external lines and a power storage medium such as an electric double layer capacitor. Interconnection, and a control unit (10). When an external line voltage becomes higher than the upper limit of the rated voltage range of the external line, it is higher than the upper limit due to an increase in the external line voltage of the unloaded voltage (traction power substation) toward the rectifier in the no-load state. Voltage, so the control unit (10) can generate a charging conduction path (turned on by SW1 from -22-133141) and thereby charge the power storage medium to the unloaded voltage of the rectifier, for the measurement of regenerative power absorption, when the external line When the voltage (when the voltage at one terminal is connected to the chopper and the external line) becomes higher than the upper limit voltage, the control unit can generate a conduction path to cause the power storage medium to absorb the regenerative power of the regenerative vehicle as the charging energy. When the voltage of the conductive rack of the regenerative vehicle increases, the control unit can prevent the regeneration failure of the electric vehicle by utilizing the regenerative current compression function of the electric load tool. When the voltage drop is measured, when the external line voltage becomes Below the lower limit of the rated voltage range of the external line, the control unit can discharge from the power storage medium to an external line of voltage reduction control or voltage increase control of the terminal voltage of the power storage medium. In this embodiment, the control unit 10 can be connected to a sensing section to sense an external line voltage and a terminal voltage of the DC power storage medium, and the sensing part can include a first sensor or a A sensing portion senses the external line voltage, and a second sensor or a second sensing portion senses a terminal voltage of the power storage medium. According to the illustrated embodiment, the DC power storage method includes: a first method component for generating a conductive connection between the external line and the power storage medium, when the external line voltage becomes higher than the upper limit of the rated voltage range of the external line For charging and discharging the power storage; when the external line voltage becomes lower than the upper limit, a second method component that interrupts the connection between the external line and the power storage medium; when the external line voltage becomes lower than the external When the lower limit of the rated voltage range of the line and the terminal voltage of the power storage medium is higher than the external line voltage, discharging the third method component of the power storage medium toward the external line and reducing the terminal voltage of the power storage medium; And when the external line power 23-1333131 becomes lower than the lower limit voltage and the power storage medium external line voltage, the discharge power method component facing the external line and the application of the power storage medium is based on the previous February 10, 2006, No. 2006-3 39, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the modifications and variations of the present invention will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Be defined. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an alternative in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the regeneration of an electric vehicle, which can be utilized in the first. Figure 3 is a waveform diagram of the power storage for Figure 1 to prevent regeneration failure and voltage suppression. Figures 4A, 4B, and 4C are diagrams for three conventional systems. Figure 5 is a diagram showing DC power of a conventional technique. Figure 6 is a diagram showing that the terminal voltage of the power storage device of Figure 5 is lower than the fourth terminal voltage of the storage medium. The entire embodiment of the present patent application No. 2006-33988 has been described in the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned ones can be referenced by the related art, and can refer to the power of the current application of the current storage power storage characteristics. A voltage drop in the operation of the storage device. The different power of the technology and the circuit diagram of the storage device. Waveform of the standby operation. -24- 1331431 [Description of main component symbols]
1 電運載工具 2 反相器 3 變壓器 4 ' 7 截波器 5 再生電阻裝置 6 整流器 8 直流電力儲存單元 9 放電控制開關 10 控制單元 L 反應裝置 D1、D2、D3 二極體 SW1、SW2、SW3 開關1 Electric vehicle 2 Inverter 3 Transformer 4 ' 7 Chopper 5 Regenerative device 6 Rectifier 8 DC power storage unit 9 Discharge control switch 10 Control unit L Reaction devices D1, D2, D3 Diodes SW1, SW2, SW3 switch
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