TWI312294B - Monolith based catalytic partial oxidation process for syngas production - Google Patents
Monolith based catalytic partial oxidation process for syngas production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI312294B TWI312294B TW092135194A TW92135194A TWI312294B TW I312294 B TWI312294 B TW I312294B TW 092135194 A TW092135194 A TW 092135194A TW 92135194 A TW92135194 A TW 92135194A TW I312294 B TWI312294 B TW I312294B
- Authority
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- gas
- catalyst
- feed gas
- cerium oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 69
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- AXTYOFUMVKNMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxobismuth Chemical compound O=[Bi]=O AXTYOFUMVKNMLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 44
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen hydride compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020850 Hyperthyroidism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001193 catalytic steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/386—Catalytic partial combustion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/10—Catalytic processes with metal oxides
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- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
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- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
- C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
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- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
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- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1023—Catalysts in the form of a monolith or honeycomb
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- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
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- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
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- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
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- C01B2203/148—Details of the flowsheet involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1609—Shutting down the process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
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- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
1312294 玖、發明說明: 【相關申請案之交叉參照】 本申請案要求在2002年12月23曰申請的美國臨時專利申 請案第60/436,074號的優先權。 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明揭示一種用於將碳氫化合物催化部分氧化以製造 氫氣及一氧化碳與低於約2%之二氧化碳的改良方法。本方 法亦容許於室溫下起始該反應,且使用一沈積於塗佈有二 氧化鈽之氧化錯單石載體上之金屬觸媒,該觸媒可以高轉 化率將碳氫化合物轉化成合成氣體(氫氣及一氧化碳)。 【先前技術】 將妷氫化合物轉化爲包含氫氣及一氧化碳之氣體之方法 在B亥項技藝中已爲吾人習知。該等方法之實例包括催化蒸 重整、自熱催化重整、催化部分氧化及非催化部分氧化。 亥等方法皆有優點及缺點,且産生不同比例之氫氣及一氧 化反(亦稱爲合成氣體)。本發明涉及一種催化部分氧化方 法。 P刀氧化方法亦爲人熟習且該項技藝包括各種催化部分 '。部分氧化係一放熱反應,其中將一碳氫化合物 氣體(例如,φ _ T坑)及一含氧氣體(例如,空氣)在高溫下與一 觸媒接觸1 乂產生一包含高濃度氫氣及一氧化碳之反應產 物。該等方、本 ,中斤用之觸媒通常係位於一適宜載體上之貴 金屬(例如,a 、 始或铑)及其他過渡金屬(例如,鎳)。 部分氧化f 万法將含碳氫化合物之氣體(例如,天然氣)轉化
O:\89\89759DOC 1312294 爲氫 '—氧化碳及其他少量組份(例如,二氧化碳及水)。該 方法通常藉由將經預熱之碳氫化合物及一含氧氣體注入一 燃燒至來進行’碳氫化合物與小於完全燃燒所需化學計量 之氧氣於該燃燒室内發生氧化反應。該反應在一極高溫度 (例如,超過70(rc且經常超過l,〇〇〇t:)下及最高150大氣壓 之壓力下進行。在某些反應中,亦可將蒸汽或二氧化碳注 入燃燒室中,以修飾合成氣體産物並調整氫氣與一氧化碳 之比。 取近,揭示若干部分氧化方法,其t使碳氫化合物氣體 於觸媒(例如,沈積於一陶瓷發泡物(單石)載體上之金屬) 存在下以高空間速度與含氧氣體接觸。該等單石載體係以 貝金屬(例如,鉑、鈀或鍺)或其他過渡金屬(例如,鎳、 鈷、鉻)及諸如此類浸潰。通常,該等單石載體係由固體耐 火材料或陶瓷材料(例如,氧化鋁、氧化锆、氧化鎂及諸如 此類)製備。在該等反應之操作期間,首先使碳氫化合物進 料氣體及含氧氣體在超過4〇(rc (通常超過6〇〇。〇 )之溫度下 且在一超過100,000/小時之標準氣體每小時空間速度 (GHSV)下與金屬觸媒接觸。 【發明内容】 本發明提供一種用於催化部分氧化碳氫化合物以製造氫 及一氧化碳及低於約2%之二氧化碳之改良方法。因此,本 發明容許於室溫下起始該反應,由此可降低操作費用及資 本費用。本發明之方法使用一沈積於塗佈有二氧化鈽之氧 化錯單石載體上之金屬觸媒,該觸媒可以高轉化率將碳氫
O:\89\89759DOC 1312294 化合物轉化成合成氣體。 本發明之一方面提供一種用於部分氧化碳氫化合物以製 造氫及一氧化碳之方法,該方法包括使一含碳氫化合物之 進料氣體與一含氧之進料氣體之混合物,在介於1及20大氣 壓之壓力下,以約50,000/小時至約500,000/小時之進料氣體 標準氣體每小時空間速度及約0.2至2.0米/秒(m/s)之線速 度,與有效催化量之載於塗佈有二氧化鈽之氧化锆單石載 體上或其内之經還原金屬觸媒接觸,該金屬觸媒基本由選 自由錄、銘、鐵、翻、Ιε、銥、銖、釕、錯、锇及其組合 物組成之群之過渡金屬組成。 本發明之另一方面提供一種用於部分氧化碳氫化合物以 製造氫及一氧化碳之方法,其可在約爲及高於10°C之溫度 下藉由使該觸媒與進料混合物接觸,並注入少量H2來起 始。在本發明之再一實施例中,爲達成觸媒溫度之緩緩增 高以避免熱衝擊,該反應亦可於室溫下於持續C02流存在 下,藉由向進料混合物添加少量氫氣起始。 本發明之一較佳實施例中提供一種用於製造一氧化碳及 氫之方法,該方法包括使一含碳氫化合物之氣體及一含氧 氣體與一載於塗佈有二氧化鈽之氧化鍅單石之經還原的金 屬觸媒接觸。 本發明之另一較佳實施例中提供一種用於製造一氧化碳 及氫之方法,該方法包括於氫氣存在下使一含碳氫化合物 之氣體及一含氧氣體與一載於塗佈有二氧化鈽之氧化锆單 石之經還原的金屬觸媒接觸。
0:職89759.DOC 1312294 本發明之一另一實施例係一反應器,其包括一容器、至 少一用催化材料浸潰之陶瓷發泡物盤及至少一坯料陶瓷發 泡物盤。 本發明之再一實施例係一種用於製造一氧化碳及氫氣之 方法’該方法包括用一載於塗佈有二氧化鈽之氧化鍅單石 之經還原的金屬觸媒接觸一含碳氫化合物之氣體、二氧化 碳及一含氧氣體。 在本發明之再一實施例中’於製造一氧化碳及氫氣期間 一直持續添加氫至天然氣與氧氣之進料氣混合物中,以確 保觸媒保持還原形式。 【實施方式】 天然氣及一含氧氣體係經管線1及2於一簡單混合裝置3 内以超過天然氣火焰速度之速度混合,以避免燃燒。該混 合物中C/〇2之比例係介於15至2 〇之間,較佳介於丨6至1 9 之間。視情況,可將蒸汽或C〇2添加至天然氣中以調節產物 中HVCO之比例。視情況,可藉由與熱産物流交換熱量或藉 由八他方法來預熱天然氣,以使進料混合物之溫度達到約 so c或甚至更高。因部分氧化反應係高度放熱反應,故將 反應器設計爲一内襯有耐火材料之容器4以達成良好之絕 熱。將單石觸媒6置於底部,用氧化錯水泥仔細密封以防止 任何未反應進料氣體浪漏。然後用坯料發泡物單石盤5填充 上部空間,以改善流動分配並避免燃燒。可將一氣體分配 裝置(例如,不銹鋼分配盤)置於坯料陶瓷發泡物單石之間。 本發明之一關鍵層面係該部分氧化反應可在介於約1〇
O:\89\89759 D0C -9- 1312294 巴至約㈣巴之間(且較佳介於約15巴至約3〇巴之間)之壓 力下實施。藉由使用該壓力範圍可完全避免形成碳且不必 如南壓#作之情況般必須添加蒸汽來防止形成碳。在不使 用蒸汽下來進行該反應之主要優點係所產生合成氣體之H2 與⑶之比壯卜此比例對合成氣體之許多應用極爲重要。 因該反應在一相對鲂侗少;^ a τ & ”又低之壓力下進行,故可在冷卻後將產 物合成氣體壓縮至期望壓力。 、本發明中所使用金屬觸媒係由一陶曼單石載體結構組 成,該載體結構係包括塗佈於氧化錯基材上之二氧化飾, 且塗佈或浸潰過渡金屬或其組合。本文所用「金屬觸媒」 係才曰包括該金屬及該單石載體之整個觸媒結構。該單石載 體通常爲一由單一結構單元形成之陶究發泡物樣結構,直 中有若干以不規則或規則方式配置之通道,相鄰通道之間 具有間隔。該單-結構單元用於替代本發明方法中較不期 望之傳統微粒或粒狀觸媒。該等以不規則方式配置之單石 載體實例包括用於熔融金屬之過濾器。該等以規則方式配 置之載體實例包括用於淨化機動車輛之廢氣及用於各種化 工方法中之單石蜂窩狀載體。較佳者係具有不規則通道之 陶曼發泡物結構。兩種類型之單石載體均已爲吾人習知且 市面有售。 該觸媒元件由一陶瓷發泡物單石(其實質上包括塗佈約 1 5至20重里%之二氧化鈽之氧化锆,提供金屬浸潰所使用 之表面積)組成,且含有〇.5至5重量%之貴金屬,較佳爲金 屬/式之姥’且更佳爲約2重量%之Rh。視情況,可單獨使
Ο N89N89759 DOC -10- 1312294 用一過渡金屬(例如,2至4重量%之Nl)或與Rh結合使用。 該反應器包含數個陶瓷發泡物盤,其包括浸潰有觸媒者及 用於填充空隙之剩餘坯料。坯料可由氧化鋁、氧化銼、堇 青石或其混合物製得。該經浸潰金屬(Rh)與二氧化錦協同 作爲部分氧化方法之觸媒。該等具有觸媒之盤之孔隙度介 於40至70個孔/吋(ppi)之間以使觸媒裝載量最大。另一方 面,爲保持較低壓力降,坯料盤具有一加至糾口^之較高孔 隙度。尺寸(即,直徑及高)之選擇需符合以下兩個條件,即 進料氣體之空間速度介於約5〇,〇〇〇至5〇〇,〇〇〇/小時(以單位 體積催化單石之小時標準體積進料流速表示)之間,且在類 似情況(標準條件)下線速度介於約〇 2至2米/秒之間。 進料混合物中之碳氫化合物與氧在觸媒表面迅速反應産 生H2及CO,同時伴有少量C〇2及H2〇及未反應的甲烷,並產 生熱因該反應爲放熱反應P該熱合成氣體旧2+(:〇)8藉 由驟冷水7快速冷卻以產生蒸汽並防止形成碳。圖丨中所示 之反應設計包括一驟冷系統,該系統在合成氣體離開單 石觸媒時將其冷卻。該驟冷系統被設計爲可容許多種模式 之操作。例如: •取小驟冷模式藉由將該合成氣體驟冷至一可降低碳形成 趨勢之溫度,而容許最大程度地自合成氣體回收熱量。 •最大驟冷模式容許合成氣體冷卻至100至15(TC,若不期 望回收熱量,則此可提供一較低資本費用方案。 4刀驟冷模式容許合成氣體冷卻至適宜下游處理(例 如,用以將大部分CO轉化爲H2之水煤氣轉化反應)之溫
O:\89\89759.DOC -11 - 1312294 度。 如上所述,該金屬觸媒爲—單_ 早早兀,其尺寸端視反應 器之尺寸及設計而不同。右一鈐a — 丄 ^ 个丨』在較佳實施例中,該反應器爲 -由適宜材料製成且具有適宜構造之導管或試管,豆直秤 介於約1至⑽对之間。將該進料氣體混合物通入-端,: 分氧化反應在金屬觸媒上進行’且産物氣體自另一端排 出。該金屬觸媒亦可由多個單石單it組成,以形成一以首 尾相連排列方式配置之單元組合體。該金屬觸媒較佳具有 可使進料氣體經過該觸媒之壓力降最小化之孔隙度及取 向。而且,可使用多個獨立反應器形成一以並行排列方式 配置之反應器組合體以增加産量。舉例而言,多個導管或 試管可封裝形成一組合體,以形成各個管線皆含有該金屬 觸媒之單一反應器單元。 所有先前部分氧化方法之一顯著缺點係其需要一外部熱 源以起始該部分氧化反應,或需要一涉及一化學反應之個 別預熱步驟。如上所述,該部分氧化反應爲一放熱反應, 反應開始後,該反應之熱量將維持該高溫而不需要額外外 部熱能。然而,因該製程需要超過40(rc之溫度來啓動或起 始該反應,故仍需要一外部熱源或其他手段。當然,此需 要額外資本費用且增加該製程之工程複雜性,因而降低其 商業吸引力。爲解決此問題,某些先前技藝方法使用特殊 起始化合物以降低該起始溫度。舉例而言,美國專利第 4,879,253號揭示使用曱醇作爲起始化合物可將該起始溫度 降低至介於100°至500°C之間。美國專利第6,458,334 B1號 O:\89\89-759.DOC -12- 1312294 揭示使用以二氧化鈽爲主之單石載體可 至約loot,且不需添Λ权, 起始▲度降低 个而添加任何起始化合物。 本發明提供-種改良之部分氧化方法起 可低達約lot。本方法不Μ起始&度 不万忐不而要一外部熱源 驟來起始該反應,因而㈣預熱步 、 增加了該方法之商業吸弓丨力。本發 =方法錢h控方式向進料混合物中添加氫氣同時保持 t種氣體組㈣人進料混合物中之適當順序,以達成本發 明之室溫啓動。 此外’據發現’只有當使用塗佈有二氧化飾之基材單石 载體(包括金屬及陶究單石,例如,不銹鋼、氧化錯、二氧 化欽等)時才可能使用少量H2達成室溫(高於10。〇下之啓 、 之用/里札與(例如)—載於氧化鍅上之未 塗佈二氧化錦之觸媒則不能達成室溫啓動(如實例!所述)。 本發明方法之較佳操作步驟如下所述: 1. 首先以期望流速引入天然氣。 2. 當天然氣流速達到其期望設定點後,開始注入氮。此步 驟對於保过安全並在添加氧氣前保持富含天然氣條件極 爲關鍵。 3 ·然後開始通入氧氣流。 4, 將H2机(一般占總氣流之約〇 5至4〇/〇)保持⑺至3〇秒。 5. 當觸媒溫度快速增加至大於4〇〇t:時,即表示該反應之啓 動。該啓動可於氧氣流速達到其設定點之前出現,證明 僅需要一較短的氫氣注入時間。 此處必須強調,注入氫氣並非一附加步驟。實際上,氫
O:\89\89759 DOC •13· 1312294 氣注入發生於引入天然氣與氧氣流之間。舉例而言,若不 期望注入氫氣,則天然氣及氧氣混合並引入反應器之方式 不變。 此外,以持續<:〇2流作爲進料混合物中之反應物亦可於室 溫下啓動反應。如圖4所示,本發明方法之較佳操作步驟如 下所述: 1. 首先以一期望流速引入天然氣及二氧化碳。 2. 當該天然氣及二氧化碳之流速達到其期望設定點後,開 始注入氫氣。 3 .然後開始通入氧氣流。 4. 將出流(通常約爲總氣流之0.5至4%)保持10至30秒。 5. 當觸媒溫度快速增加至大於400°C時即表示該反應之啓 動。 應指出,添加C02可有效控制觸媒之表面溫度且亦可控制 觸媒床之加熱速度。因而,通過該方法可避免單石觸媒受 到初始熱衝擊。 或者,本發明提供一種可將氫氣持續加入天然氣與氧氣 之進料氣體混合物中之方法。爲保持該方法之最佳效率, 該單石觸媒需處於還原狀態。在啓動、停止及擾動條件下, 該單石觸媒可能暴露於氧氣中而使該單石觸媒失活,尤其 當該觸媒溫度較高時。藉由確保持續將氫氣加至該氣體進 料混合物中可使該單石觸媒保持還原形式並保持其催化活 性。 本發明提供兩種可將氫氣持續加入該進料氣體混合物之 O:\89\89759 DOC -14- 1312294 方法。第一種方法使用一來自一氧化碳變壓吸附設備或冷 孝目之*氫氣流。第二種方法使用經熱回收及冷卻後之産物 合成氣體。 圖2闡釋一種用於生産氫氣及一氧化碳之示意方法。管線 10及12連接至進料混合器A且分別用於輸送氧氣及天然 氣。官線11將氫氣輸送至進料混合器A且用於本發明之若干 實施例中,其中氫氣於啓動製程期間注入。 管線14離開進料混合器A並將氧氣、氯氣及天然氣輸送至 I有早石觸媒之單石反應器B。該單石觸媒爲陶兗單石載體 結構,包括塗佈於氧化結基材上之二氧㈣,且用過渡金 屬塗佈或浸潰或採用二者之組合。部分氧化製程發生於其 中且所仵產物氣流(主要爲一氧化碳及氯氣)經管線Μ輸送 至:箱或-氧化碳變壓吸附設備c,藉此使一氧化碳自該産 物虱机刀_。産物一氧化碳經由管線(8排出且産物氣體之 剩餘,分通過管線2G到達氫氣變壓吸附設❹,在該設備D 中使氫氣自該産物氣體分離並綠管線U排出。 在本文所述使用氫氣循環之本發明實施例中’該離開冷 :或-氧化碳變壓吸附設備c之產物氣體富含氫氣且該氣 流之—部分在閥門21處#向並沿管線23通至進料鹿合器 :生產期間該虽氫氣流可持續自冷箱或一氧化碳變壓吸 、鸯轉向目而達成-可使氣氣持續存在於該進料氣體 混合物中之穩定狀態。 或者如圖3中所示’將—閥⑽配置於管線咐,而不是 ^用間門將富氫氣體經管線23轉向至進料混合器a。該間
O:\89\89759DOC -15- 1312294 門與連接至進料混合器A之管線2 7連接。本實施例通過閥門 25及管線27將主要包含一氧化碳及氫氣之産物氣體轉向並 使之返回進料混合器A,其中,只要發生部分氧化反應,氫 軋就會持續與進料混合物混合。此亦可達成氫氣於進料氣 體混合物中之穩態存在。 美國專利第6,458,334 B1號教示,使用4000至1〇,〇〇〇/小時 之氣體小時空間速度引入之空氣及少量^之混合物可在開 始通入製程進料流之前於一個別步驟中達成加熱及還原該 觸媒。美國專利第6,329,434 B1號揭示一種藉由首先引入一 含或不含稀釋劑之H2/〇2混合物來起始該部分氧化製程之 方法’較佳將該H2/〇2混合物預熱至50至300t。該混合物 在觸媒上反應並將該觸媒之溫度升至一可起始碳氫化合物 -氧氣之部分氧化反應之溫度。. 本發明方法之獨特之處在於,碳氫化合物-氧氣之混合物 係於室溫下引入反應器中,並注射少量Hz歷經一段較短時 間來起始部分氧化反應。亦發現,僅注入氫氣不足以達成 室溫啓動。室溫啓動只能藉由將氫氣注入與以正確順序引 入天然氣及氧氣結合起來方可達成。僅使用少量h2達成之 室溫(高於10t )啓動主要係因爲使用了位於基材單石載體 (包括金屬及陶瓷單石,例如,不銹鋼、氧化鍅、二氧化鈦 等)上之一乳化鈽塗層。此外,計時 '定量及確保安全皆係 本發明所實施之氫氣注入之重要作用。因此,該啓動程序 可達成進一步改良。 當關停反應器時’首先需使N2流通過該反應器,然後
O:\89\89759.DOC -16- 1312294 斷進料中之〇2,並最後切斷天然氣流。應注意確保系統内 不存在可燃或碳形成條件。爲了防止觸媒之氧化(若發生, 則使觸媒失活),當關停期間無天然氣流時應確保反應器内 不存在氧氣,此甚爲重要。 本發明之另一實施例係一種藉由使含有碳氫化合物、0』 及C〇2之進料通過並接觸一觸媒(其包含載於塗佈有二氧化 鈽之單石上之铑)來部分氧化碳氫化合物(例如,甲烷(天然 氣))之方法。C〇2之存在可將部分氧化反應之某些產物仏轉 化爲C0。此一反應將顯著增加C0產量。添加c〇2亦可增加 部分氧化可燃性方面之操作fec02之轉化可藉由將進料混 合物預熱至一較高溫度而進一步改良。頃發現,添加不超 過約30體積%之c〇2不會導致效能顯著降低,且實際上,在 本發明反應器内之短時接觸可轉化約30%之C02。另一關鍵 方面係低壓操作,此有助於防止於該等條件下形成碳。 亦觀察到,當使用本發明之方法時,若進料中碳對氧之 比例固定’則Μ成為氫氣及—氧化碳之轉化端視空間速 度及線速度二者而定。最重要的是,多層觸媒單石不僅在 相同空間速度下具有更高的物料通過能力且在相同線速度 下可獲得更佳之甲烷轉化率。實例2闡釋了多個單石層對該 製程效能之作用。 下述實例闡述本發明之改良型部分氧化方法。 實例1 首先用20重量%二氧化鈽塗佈一45個孔/吋、直徑爲〇7 对且長爲G.39忖之氧化錯單石,然後用2重量%之金屬姥浸
O:\89\89 7 59.DOC -17- 1312294 /貝以製備金屬觸媒。詳細製備方、本 可參見同在申請中之美 國專利申請案第1〇/143,705號。用|}*# 。 用鼠職•於1 〇t下吹掃該含有 金屬觸媒單石之反應器6〇分鐘。 百先以u slpm之流速引入甲垸。將少量邮5 si_注 入甲烧管線中,時間不超過娜開始通人並調節 ⑽㈣得^之^比。當觸媒溫度在數秒内快速增加 至大於_t並生成氫氣及一氧化碳時即表示該反應之啓 動口此甲烧之部分氧化僅需要向進料混合物通入僅% 秒約4%之H2即可啓動。
對照例A 如實例1所述製備一金屬觸媒。將相同量之金屬铑裝載於 塗佈有二氧化鈽之氧化鍅載體上。 將含有甲烧(8.8 slpm)、氧氣(5.〇 slpm)及氣氣(〇5邱叫 之預混氣體混合物於1(TC下通入包含金屬觸媒之反應器 中。直至氩氣量增加至22莫耳。/。(3 slpm)時才起始反應。此 表示進料混合物中不同氣體之添加順序之重要性。
對照例B 如貫例1所述製備一金屬觸媒,其不同之處在於該單石載 體係由氧化錘製成。將相同量之金屬鍺裝載於該氡化錘載 體上,其未塗佈任何如實例1所述之二氡化鈽。 當欲按照實例1所述之步驟利用氮氣注入啓動反應時,直 至溫度達到約150°C才起始反應。此清楚顯示二氧化鈽之協 同作用。 實例2 O:\89\89759 DOC -18- 1312294 爲了比較空間速度及線速度之影響’使用兩種不同直徑 (0.7吋及1吋)的如實例丨所述之單石觸媒。爲了比較 積相同時之結果,將 ’、體 肝四層0.7吋(直徑)χ0·39吋(厚度)之觸媒 盤之數據與兩層^ _ 丁 X〇·39吋之早石觸媒之彼等數據比較。 按照與實例_同之啓動程序,使包含64%甲院及純氧氣 之進料此口物通過该反應器。在本文中,將空間速度定義 爲總進料氣體流速除以觸媒單石體積且線速度定義爲總進 料氣體流速除以觸媒單石之截面積。表i顯示,當空間速度 相同且在相同反應條件下,增加線速度將增加^貌之轉化 率並提高化及⑺之選擇性。另一方面,當線速度相同時, 較低之空間速度可獲得較佳之甲烷轉化率及相當少之曱烷 逃逸。換言之,增加觸媒單石之L/D寬高比可改良部分氧化 反應之效能。. 表1 位於塗佈有20% Ce02 之Zr02單石上的2% Rh 空間速度 線速度 轉化率% 選擇性% (升/小時) (米/秒) ch4 h2 CO 4x0.7°寸 χθ.39 时 86036 0.87 97.8 95.8 93.9 2x1 付 x0.39〇十 85810 0.47 97.0 ^96.0 92.0 2x1 叶 χθ.39 忖 158464 0.87 95.6 95.0 93.2 4χ0·7 对 χ0·39 对 138817 1.40 99.0 96.7 93.7 2x1 叶 χ0·39° 于 138731 0.76 97.2 95.3 93.2 實例3 使用實例1所用的相同金屬觸媒並按照實例1所述的相同 程序啓動部分氧化反應。然後將一包含碳與氧之比爲丨75 之甲炫及氧氣及介於〇至約3〇%間之二氧化碳之氣體混合
Ο \89\89759 DOC -19- 1312294 物供給含有該單石觸媒之反應器。此混合物不同於用於起 始該反應之混合物。以1 50,000Λ】、時之空間速度供給該進料 混合物。因逆向氣體轉換反應係一吸熱反應,故反應溫度 自1020°降至750°C。典型産物氣體含有39%之氩氣、33% 之一氧化碳、13.1%之二氧化碳、1.3%之曱烷及12.6%之 水。根據産物中之各量測濃度計算甲烷及二氧化碳之轉化 率。結果出示於下圖5a及5b中。當將進料氣體混合物預熱 至300 C時’ CH4與C02二者之轉化率皆略有增加。轉化率 係通過元素物料平衡來計算。 雖然已根據本發明之特定實施例對本發明予以闡述,但 顯而易見,熟諳此藝者顯而易知本發明之若干其他形式及 仏改通㊉,應將隨附申請專利範圍及本發明理解爲涵蓋 所有„亥等屬於本發明之真實精神及範_内的明顯形式及修 改。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係一本發明中所使用之反應器之示意圖。 圖2係-種用於製造一氧化碳及氫之方:之示意圖,其信 持續向進料氣體中添加氫氣。 圖3係一種用於製造一氧化碳及 轧虱之方法之不意圖,其 係持、,向進料氣體中添加氫氣。 圖4係一啓動程序之流 千音亂* / 又相對於時間之關係曲镑 心圖,其係在持續二氧化碳流下, 氫氣。 於進料混合物中注/ 圖5 A係一闡述曱烷轉化率與進料 — τ ~'氧化碳百分比之關
OV89\89759.DOC •20- 1312294 係之圖形。 圖5B係一闡述二氧化碳轉化率與進料中二氧化碳百分比 之關係之圖形。 【圖式代表符號說明】 1 管線 2 管線 4 内襯有耐火材料之容器 6 單石觸媒 7 驟冷水 8 熱合成氣體(co+h2) 10 管線 11 管線 12 管線 14 管線 16 管線 18 管線 20 管線 2 1 閥門 22 管線 23 管線 A 進料混合器 B 單石反應器 C 一氧化碳變壓吸附設備 D 氫氣變壓吸附設備 O:\89\89759 DOC -21 - 1312294 27 25 管線閥門
O:\89\89759.DOC -22
Claims (1)
1312294 拾、申請專利範圍: 1. 種用於將碳氫化合物部分氧化以製造氫及一氧化碳之 方法’其中該部分氧化係於低達約丨01或更高之溫度 下’藉著使基本上由選自由鎳、鈷、鐵、鉑、鈀、銥、 銖、釕、铑、鐵及其组合物組成之群之過渡金屬所構成 的還原金屬觸媒,與包括含有碳氫化合物之進料氣體及 含氧之進料氣體的混合物及氫進行接觸來起始,而該還 原金屬觸媒係承載於一塗佈有二氧化鈽之氧化銼單石載 體上或承載於其中。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該氫進料係持續供 給。 3 ·如申印專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該還原金屬觸媒係一 載於塗佈有二氧化鈽之氧化鍅單石載體上或其内之鍺觸 媒,且該混合物進一步包含二氧化碳。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該混合物之壓力介於 約1.0巴至約1〇.〇巴之間。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該氫係注入該進 料氣體混合物。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該氫係注射於該含碳 氣化合物之進料氣體添加處與該含氧氣之進料氣體之 間。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項任一項之方法,其中該溫度係 高於10°C且低於i〇〇°c。 8 -如申凊專利範圍第1至3項任一項之方法,其中該塗佈有 O:\89\89759.DOC 1312294 二氧化鈽之氧化鍅單石載體係為約5重量%至約3〇重量% 之一氧化飾。 9. 如申請專利範圍第㈣之方法,其中該氮之注入流係持續 約10至30秒。 10. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項任一項之方法,其中該氫之存 在量占該進料氣體總氣流之約0.5至約4_0體積〇/0。 11. 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其進一步包括於該進料氣 體中添加一持續二氧化碳流。 12. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該二氧化碳於該進料 氣體混合物中之存在量最高達約80體積%。 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該部分氧化反應所産 生之氫氣與一氧化碳之比例係爲氫氣對一氧化碳約爲 2:1。 14. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項任一項之方法,其中該塗佈有 二氧化錦之氧化錯單石載體係為約5重量。/〇至約3 〇重量% 之二氧化鈽。 15. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項任一項之方法,其中該部分.氧 化在一反應器内實施’該反應器包括一容器、至少一個 用觸媒材料浸潰之陶瓷發泡物盤及至少一個述料陶瓷發 泡物盤。 O:\89\89759.DOC -2-
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JP4648567B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-11 | 2011-03-09 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | オートサーマルリフォーミング触媒および燃料電池用燃料ガスの製造方法 |
WO2004002619A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-08 | Conocophillips Company | Oxidized metal catalysts and process for producing synthesis gas |
-
2003
- 2003-09-08 US US10/657,610 patent/US7090826B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-20 CA CA002450157A patent/CA2450157A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-27 ZA ZA200309254A patent/ZA200309254B/xx unknown
- 2003-11-27 NZ NZ529798A patent/NZ529798A/en unknown
- 2003-12-01 AU AU2003264634A patent/AU2003264634C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-05 EP EP03257653A patent/EP1433746A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-10 NO NO20035493A patent/NO20035493L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-11 SG SG200307409-3A patent/SG135004A1/en unknown
- 2003-12-12 TW TW092135194A patent/TWI312294B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-19 MY MYPI20034889A patent/MY134650A/en unknown
- 2003-12-22 PL PL364198A patent/PL203313B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-22 KR KR1020030094618A patent/KR20040057953A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-22 JP JP2003424604A patent/JP2004203737A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-23 CN CN200310124500A patent/CN100575247C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20035493D0 (no) | 2003-12-10 |
NZ529798A (en) | 2004-10-29 |
NO20035493L (no) | 2004-06-24 |
KR20040057953A (ko) | 2004-07-02 |
ZA200309254B (en) | 2004-05-26 |
US20060204415A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
US7090826B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
CN100575247C (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
MY134650A (en) | 2007-12-31 |
EP1433746A3 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
EP1433746A2 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
PL364198A1 (en) | 2004-06-28 |
AU2003264634B2 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
CA2450157A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
AU2003264634A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
TW200417407A (en) | 2004-09-16 |
CN1509980A (zh) | 2004-07-07 |
JP2004203737A (ja) | 2004-07-22 |
AU2003264634C1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
PL203313B1 (pl) | 2009-09-30 |
SG135004A1 (en) | 2007-09-28 |
US20040120888A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
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