TWI296041B - Method of measuring sub-micron trench structures - Google Patents

Method of measuring sub-micron trench structures Download PDF

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TWI296041B
TWI296041B TW093117975A TW93117975A TWI296041B TW I296041 B TWI296041 B TW I296041B TW 093117975 A TW093117975 A TW 093117975A TW 93117975 A TW93117975 A TW 93117975A TW I296041 B TWI296041 B TW I296041B
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trench
surface acoustic
acoustic wave
pattern forming
filled
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Alexei Maznev
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Advanced Metrology Systems Llc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4427Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with stored values, e.g. threshold values
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/636Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited using an arrangement of pump beam and probe beam; using the measurement of optical non-linear properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • G01N29/04Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24Probes
    • G01N29/2418Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023Solids
    • G01N2291/0237Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0423Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)
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Description

1296041 .. 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關光聲測量的領域,以決定一樣本(如製造於 矽f曰圓上之溝渠結構)的特性。 【先前技術】 一般來說,微電子裝置的製造包含多重圖樣成型步驟, 其中,會於一半導體基板中或沉積於該基板上的薄膜層中 製造出(通常係透過蝕刻法)複數條溝渠結構(如穿孔或線型 溝渠)。 對業界的製程監視與控制而言,測量該等結構之非接觸 性光學方法十分需要。製程控制應用中最感興趣的參數可 能包括深度、寬度、及該等溝渠結構的其他參數。目前的 積體電路製造技術中,該等溝渠結構的標準寬度等級為〇1 μηι ’而該等溝渠的深度範圍則係介於1 μιη以下至幾微米以 上。此寺乍1¾型長見比結構的非破壞性測量係一項富挑戰 性的問題。 描述於先前技術之美國專利證號5,812,261、6,081,33〇、 及6,188,478且於此納入作為參考的一個已熟知方法中,係 利用脈衝受激熱散射(ISTS)表面聲波分光計來探測薄膜結 構。如圖1所示,該技術利用雷射光的短脈衝刺激樣本結構 1,雷射光的短脈衝會透過兩道光束3、3,的干擾映射於樣本 表面而形成光柵圖形10。該光柵圖形1 〇的每一道光條在吸 收光線後會使得該樣本局部增溫造成突然的週期性膨脹, 在該樣本表面處發出聲波。聲波傳播可見於放大部分8。當 93745.doc 1296041 此表面聲波(SAW)傳播於該膜的平面中時,其還會調變繞 射訊號光束6’強度,形成已偵測訊號中的振盪成份(此後即 為「聲音成份」)。 上述技術已經被運用於透過SAW頻譜的分析來測量膜層 的厚度。 如果一膜經由蝕刻形成圖樣後,若經蝕刻區域的大小比 SAW波長(一般是2-1〇 pm)大的話,則可使用1§1^來測量蝕 刻深度。該先前技術方法將不適用於測量如矽晶圓般之大 型樣本的表面輪廓。此外,該等較小的特徵圖樣(如〇ι μπι 的尺寸)很可此會在微影和I虫刻過程中發生不當處理。因 此,該些相對小型的特徵圖樣便需要用到製程控制測量術。 美國專利證號6,256,100中描述有關isTS的延伸技術中, 上述方法係應用於測量由被蝕刻於介電材料中且填充金屬 後之複數條狹溝渠(如微米或次微米寬度)所構成之複合結 構的有效厚度。然而這個方法尚未應用於測量金屬填充之 前的溝渠結構。 ' 另卜對於只際應用非常重要的高長寬比次微米結構的 研究仍付之闕如。 【發明内容】 因此,需要提供一種能夠測量寬度尺寸為〇a μιη之溝渠 結構的方法。 本=明符合提供一種能夠測量至少一長寬尺寸為〇1 之溝渠結構的方法的需求。於其中一方面中,本發明提供 種測1圖樣成型結構的方法。本方法的其中一個步驟係 93745.doc 1296041 透過一空間週期性雷射強度圖樣的照射來刺激該結構,以 便產生表面聲波。其他步驟係自熱光栅繞射探測雷射光束 以形成訊號光束;以時間函數方式來偵測該訊號光束,以 產生訊號波形;以及基於表面輪廓對表面聲波相位速度所 造成的效應來決定該圖樣成型溝渠結構的至少一項特性。 一具體實施例中,該空間週期性雷射強度圖樣的週期範 圍介於1至20微米。另一具體實施例中,該圖樣成型結構的 表面輪廓的週期等於或小於大約2 μηι。 -具體實施例中’該圖樣成型結構係—週期性的溝渠陣 列。另-具體實施例中,該週期性陣列係一週期性的線性 溝渠陣列。又-具體實施例中’該週期性陣列係一二維的 溝渠陣列。 一具體貫施例中,該等溝渠係製造於一矽基板之中。另 一具體實施例中,該等溝渠係製造於一薄膜之中。 -具體實施例中,該至少一項特性係溝渠深度。另一具 體實施例中,該至少一項特性係溝渠寬度。又—具體實施 例中,該至少-項特性係該溝渠結構之深度輪廊。 -具體實施例中,該衫步驟包含結合多重聲波長度處 的測量結果來決定該溝渠結構的多重參數。另一具體實施 j中β决疋步驟包含沿著且橫跨該線性溝渠結構的測量 結果來決定該溝渠的深度及寬度。又另-具體實施例中, 該決定步驟包含_#成㈣域㈣料部㈣量 將由該等溝渠社播斜主工& & + 文 表㈣波速度料成的效應 應(如薄膜厚度)分離。 效 93745.doc 1296041 一具體實施例中,該決定步驟包含利用依據該結構之彈 性特質的理論模型來分析訊號波形。另一具體實施例中, 該決定步驟包含以經驗校正來分析訊號波形。 從下面的說明、圖式及申請專利範圍將會明白本發明提 供許多的優點。 【實施方式】 根據本發明,可以利用ISTS來測量具有近或次微米寬度 的溝渠結構,例如蝕刻於薄膜層或矽基板上的週期性溝渠 陣列。該測量係基於SAW相位速度會受溝渠結構影響且和 该結構之參數相依的事實。 根據本發明的方法,刺激及偵測SAW係實施於以具有週 期小於等於1 (^❿為特徵之表面輪廓的圖樣成型樣本上。該 測量會產生明確波長之SAW頻率,藉此便可計算出該SAW 相位速度。藉由分析或經驗模型來分析該資料,便可決定 該輪廓之參數(一般而言係溝渠深度或寬度)。 準確分析高縱橫比溝渠結構中的SAW傳播將需要使用到 有限元素計算。可以使用近似模型來取得SAW傳播上高縱 橫比溝渠陣列之效應預估值。該模型適用於週期性線性溝 渠陣列(如圖2標示之30及40),其表面聲波2週期大於該溝渠 結構之週期。圖2之結構(a)說明基板70上之薄層60中所形成 之週期性溝渠陣列30。圖2之結構(13)說明矽基板上所形成之 週期性溝渠陣列40。結構(a)包含一數十微米尺寸的溝渠9。 可以利用先前技術的ISTS方法來測量。 該模型假設若結構(a)或(b)的週期小於該結構之saw 2波 93745.doc 1296041 長^厚度’則可將其視為_具有有效彈性的均勻材料。已 可彳< 如位於結構⑷内之組成材料的特性來計算層狀結構 之有效彈性。實際上,該層狀結構就是橫斷面等向的媒介, /、具有垂直該等層的對稱軸,也就是5個獨立有效的彈性常 數如果將真空視作該結構之其中一個組成材料般地來處 理的話,則相同方法也適用於溝渠陣列3〇及4〇。因此,以 下等式可透過該材料的密度p及彈性常數以來表示該溝渠 陣列的有效密度P *和彈性常數C/ : P =hp
Cn=/iiCn~ — (1) * l Cn) C66 = AC44 = C33 = c: = o 其中h為該等結構間之間隔和該結構之週期的比率。可利用 溝渠寬度/間隔比率表示成h=1/(1+w/s)。等式(1)的該等記號 假設z軸垂直於該等溝渠。 圖3係顯示經計算之SAW速度與溝渠深度的相依性,其係 針對針對製造於si内之寬度/間隔比率1:1及1:3的溝渠陣 列。圖4係顯示經計算之SAW速度與溝渠深度的相依性,其 係針對Si上1 μηι厚之二氧化矽膜内的溝渠陣列。該等計算 顯不出,SAW速度與溝渠深度80及寬度/間隔比率有極大相 依性,尤其是對橫跨該等溝渠之SAW傳播更是如此。為估 计該溝渠深度80測量之重複性,假設該saw速度測量之重 複性為〜0.5 m/s(其相當於〇·ι MHz之頻率測量重複性)。對 於溝渠深度為5000 Λ及垂直該等溝渠之SAW傳播而言,圖3 93745.doc 1296041 及4所示之結果可對Si内1:1寬度/間隔比率產生〜7 A(或 0.14%)的重複性預估及對於氧化物膜中之溝渠產生〜2〇 A(或0.4%)的重複性預估。 應注意的係,溝渠深度80及寬度90之變異對於平行(II)或 垂直(丄)該等溝渠5的SAW速度有不同的影響。增加溝渠寬 度90可以增加平行速度,但是卻會減低垂直速度;而增加 溝渠寬度/間隔比率則會增加兩個方向中的SAW速度。此事 實代表可結合利用沿著及橫跨該等溝渠5之SAW傳播所進 行的測量結果,以便同時決定溝渠深度80及寬度比率。 雖然上面係將模型運算應用於一維的線性溝渠陣列,但 是,吾人預期二維的穿孔陣列亦會對可用於測量如溝渠深 度及寬度等結構參數的SAW速度產生影響。 於多重SAW波長處實施測量將提供其他資訊,用以同時 測量複數個溝渠結構的多重參數。例如,如果SAW波長比 溝渠深度小,那麼SAW速度將會與溝渠深度無關,但是對 於溝渠寬度則仍然敏感。SAW速度於波長較長時將同時對 溝渠深度及寬度敏感。結合短波長及長波長處的測量將允 許同時測量兩項參數。 為了實驗性地以本發明的方法來測試溝渠測量的能力, 我們將在圖5所示之結構上於SAW波長6 μπι處來實施測 量。圖5的結構包含一矽製的基板700、一被製造於由Si02 製成、厚800 nm之層中的溝渠陣列500。該溝渠寬度為1 μπι 且寬度/間隔比為1:1。會以〜25 nm的Ta及〜100 nm的Cu 600 來塗佈該結構。 93745.doc -10-

Claims (1)

1296041 第093117975號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(96年1〇月) 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種用來測量非填滿的圖樣成型結構的方法,該圖樣成 型包含每一個特徵圖樣成型具有特徵寬度尺寸,該方法 包括: 利用空間週期性雷射強度圖樣照射該非填滿的圖樣成 型’以刺激表面聲波;其中該表面聲波具有大於特徵寬 度尺寸之一波長; 自產生的表面聲波繞射探測雷射光束以形成訊號光束; 以時間函數方式來偵測該訊號光束,以便產生訊號波 形:及 從忒汛戒波形決定一表面聲波相位速度,及基於表面 輪廓對表面聲波相位速度的效應來決定該圖案成型結構 的至少一項特性。 求員1之方法,其中在該非填滿的圖樣 數個非填滿的溝槽。 3·如=求項1之方法,其中該刺激步驟進一步包括空間週 ^生=射強度圖樣,其週期範圍為〗至2〇微米。 4·:凊求項2之方法,其中該非填滿的圖樣成型結構包含 畜於或小於約2 μπι寬的溝渠。 5 ·如清求項4 $古*、、土 Λ+ , > 、 ,,八中該非填滿的圖樣成型結構進一- 匕括一週期性溝渠陣列。 - 6·::求項5之方法’其中該非填滿的圖 包括一週期性線性溝渠陣列。 稱進/ 7 ·如請求項5 $古& 、 ,,/、中該非填滿的圖樣成型結構進一步 93745-961016.d〇i 1296041 修止##則 p7 ii* I從一二維週期性溝渠陣列。 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 如請求項4之方法 如請求項2之方法 如請求項2之方法 如請求項1之方法 如巧求項5之方法,其中該等溝渠係製造於矽基板上。 其中δ亥專溝渠係製造於一薄膜上。 其中至少一項特性包括溝渠深度。 其中至少一項特性包括溝渠寬度。 祥# 其中至少一項特性包括該非填滿的圖 樣成型結構之深度輪廓。 :吻求項1之方法,其中該決定步驟進一步包括結合多重 j長度處的測量結果來決定該非填滿的圖樣成 的多重參數。 再 求員6之方法,其中該決定步驟進一步包括沿著且橫 5该溝渠結構的測量來同時決定寬度及深度。 、 、求員1之方法,其中該決定步驟進一步包括結合該非 填滿的圖樣成型區域内外的測量,用以將由該表面輪廊 對表面聲波速度所造成的效應與其他效應(例如膜厚声、 分離。 、〜 求員1之方法,其中該決定步驟利用基於該結構有效 彈性的理論模型。 如明求項1之方法,其中該決定步驟利用基於經驗性校正 的模型。 93745-961016.doc
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