TWI289601B - Powder metal mixture including micronized starch - Google Patents
Powder metal mixture including micronized starch Download PDFInfo
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- TWI289601B TWI289601B TW093105176A TW93105176A TWI289601B TW I289601 B TWI289601 B TW I289601B TW 093105176 A TW093105176 A TW 093105176A TW 93105176 A TW93105176 A TW 93105176A TW I289601 B TWI289601 B TW I289601B
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- lubricant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/16—Macromolecular materials obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B1/00—Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof, e.g. pre-treatment, pre-soaking, activation
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- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/56—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen
- C10M105/68—Amides; Imides
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
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- C10M107/36—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose
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- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/005—Macromolecular compounds, e.g. macromolecular compounds composed of alternatively specified monomers not covered by the same main group
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- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
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- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G1/00—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
- D01G1/02—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling to form staple fibres not delivered in strand form
- D01G1/04—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling to form staple fibres not delivered in strand form by cutting
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
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- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
- B29K2023/0658—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its molecular weight
- B29K2023/0683—UHMWPE, i.e. ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
- B29K2105/253—Preform
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2303/00—Use of resin-bonded materials as reinforcement
- B29K2303/04—Inorganic materials
- B29K2303/06—Metal powders, metal carbides or the like
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2403/00—Use of starch or derivatives as filler
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- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0087—Wear resistance
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
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Description
1289601 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本專利申請案係2002年8月28日申請之申請案1〇/229,452 之部分連續申請案,而該申請案10/229,452係2001年5月21 曰申請之申請案09/961,842之部分連續申請案,該申請案 09/961,842已於2003年1月14曰獲准為美國專利 6,506,712(”’712專利”)。 本發明涉及一種新型粉末金屬混合物、其中一種微粒鐵 質金屬粉末與一種黏合劑和潤滑劑結合,按照習知模製成 任意形狀和尺寸之製品,該製品具有足夠生坯強度以便從 模中推出,其中該製品被成型而不黏滯模具,並且不産生 很夕熱畺以免產生氣泡使潤滑劑逸出壓實零件。 【先前技術】
平均當量直徑, 當量直徑,典型地小於50微米。 型地小於該金屬顆粒之 。根據燒結、或燒結並
O:\9I\9t546.DOC 1289601 熱處理之鐵質製品之物理性能要求,可添加一大批粉末添 加劑。最普通之亨加劑係一種潤滑劑及/或石墨,接下來係 金屬諸如鎳、銅、鉬、錳、鉻、鈷及/或有機金屬或金屬化 合物如硫化物、磷化物等等類似的化合物,當燒結及/或熱 處理時,它們與粉末金屬變成合金。 在本發明中,術語”粉末金屬混合物”係指一種鐵質金屬 顆粒混合物,其中鐵(Fe)存在量大於90%,剩餘成分爲添加 劑,諸如一潤滑劑,視需要之可以與潤滑劑相同或不同之 一黏合劑,以及合金成份如石墨和金屬,其各自之存在量 均小於含粉末混合物總量的2。/。(以重量計%)。 何浯潤滑劑’’係指一種尺寸不大於約1〇〇微米的顆粒粉 末,並且典型地具有平均當量直徑在約5微米到25微米範圍 内;在本發明中,該潤滑劑係改性至基本上由一慣用於製 泰末金屬;1链之濁滑劑粉末和顆粒澱粉混合組成,該顆 粒澱粉之平均當量直徑長度小於150微米,較 二™可與不超過等量之微米纖維 ::Γ結合,只彻碎片之長度小於金屬顆粒之; Γ 爲了方便和簡明起見,將僅用《對常用: 卷末金屬潤滑劑改性稱爲”澱粉潤滑劑”。 用的 因爲粉末金屬顆粒,如㈣粉顆”^ 故顆粒當量直徑係指與其等體積之球之直徑。、’大, 可以與澱粉顆粒一起混合之纖 :’ 於50微米,並且在狹窄之粒度範圍内:較佳地爲运小 計至少90%的碎片長度小 '沈…以重量 卡亚且所有碎片平均長
0\9I\9I546.DOC 1289601 充量"和堡實零件之尺寸發生變化,該”填充量"即賴 實以前填充於模腔中之粉末混合物之量。在較小之程度 上’缺少均勾性反映在壓實零件生坯強度之變化方面,特 別係成型零件之敏感部分,諸如齒輪之嵩。 因爲足夠之生堪強度主要係由增加遷實壓力獲得,只係 在下列這些情況下生堪強度才變爲嚴重問題引起注意:壓 :或成型壓力太高以至顯著縮短沖模之有效壽命,及/或當 =沖模中推出日寺,被損壞之虔實零件數量令人憂慮;即使 沒有強推力也不能在排除該生坯被壓之條件下自動輸送到 燒結爐。 測量麼破未燒結之麼堪(一種標準長方形棒)所需要之麼 力作爲生链強度,如在astmb_312_f測試方法⑺所述 儘管術語”黏合劑"和"潤滑劑,,被用作指定—待壓實之粉 ^屬混^物中之不同功能,在實務中,㈣功能可以由刀 皁、、、成刀兀成,儘官各功能可能比當由不同高度專業化之 原1完成時更大或更小。特別是,乙烯-雙-硬脂酿胺(’㈣”) 有時被稱爲一’’黏合劑” 管它可能同時發揮潤滑劑作 用’並且金屬皂和蠟典型地被稱爲,,潤滑劑,,,儘管它們可 能:時發揮黏合劑作用。該術語’,混合物”係指含有的所有 成刀基本上均句分散並且將被壓實之鐵質金屬粉末。"鐵質” =屬♦刀。末-係指其中主要含元素鐵(Fe)之金屬顆粒,典型地至 乂爲75/。Fe。該黏合劑黏結石墨和合金成份之顆粒到金屬 顆粒表面。自轉末進行剪切或加時,該潤滑劑降低所
O:\91\91546.DOC 1289601 形成之摩擦;因此,具有潤滑劑顆粒之金屬粉末比無潤滑 劑之金屬粉末更容易流動;並且,含有加到金屬顆粒中的 潤滑劑之粉末混合物可以在沖模中被壓力壓實,如果該壓 坯具有足夠生坯強度,則它從沖模中推出而在沖模零件上 之磨損和撕裂較少。 典型地,該生坯製品隨後被燒結。燒結棒之強度係用如 ASTM B-528(MPIF測試方法41)所述一標準TRS夾具之,,橫 向斷裂強度”(”TRS”)進行測量。如果該TRS令人滿意,該抗 張強度通常係令人滿意#。根據該製品成型之粉末金屬和 添加劑混合物之組成及其最終用途,它可以進行進一步加 工步驟諸如上漿/鑄造、燒結、熱處理及其它。 考慮金屬#占口劑及/或潤滑劑和一或多種附加添加劑等 成为粉末在尺寸、密度和形狀方面不$,藉由精選類似大 J矛形狀之顆粒,亚且在使用該粉末混合物之前充分混合 各種顆粒’使均勾性問題達到最小。在這種結構裏,很顯 然’任何-種將含有植物性原料有錢維之殿粉顆粒與潤 滑劑和金屬顆粒隨意混人 〇的心去,都將迅速消除,無論該 非潤滑劑如何有益。 而且,迄今爲止,澱粉顆 潤滑劑或黏合劑,因爲澱粉 目的不會被預期具有任何可 花都具杏類似化學式,但纖 粉係直鏈多糖之聚合物。每 構之差異導致性能大為不同 粒並未在粉末金屬零件中作為 ’如纖維素及其它聚糖對於該 測之有益價值。儘管澱粉和棉 維素係纖維二糖之聚合物而澱 一聚合物在結構上不同,且結 。例如,澱粉通常係人類之食
O:\9l\91546.DOC -10- 1289601 品,而纖維素則否。而且,聚纖維二糖天然上以纖維出現, 而殿粉係微粒。 無論水溶性之澱粉或不溶於水之澱粉,澱粉顆粒加入量 以重i汁爲粉末混合物總量的2%般少,且具有一平均直秤 不小於50微米(儘管用於可壓實粉末混合物中金屬顆粒之 平均當量直徑在相同粒度範圍内),如果該混合物用於大規 模生産壓實和燒結零件,它將導致無法接受之體積或表觀 密度以及流動特性。含50微米以及更大澱粉顆粒之粉末金 屬藏合物之物理性能很差,可歸因於顆粒佔領體積及其個 別形狀不規則性。加入小於50微米之殿粉㈣ 粉”’視需要與以重量計少如總量2%的微粉棉纖維結合,益 論它們各自之比例,均産生如同單脑粉之相同作用。‘,,、 另-方面’以充分了解到在粉末混合物裏,較小顆粒相 對於大顆粒更有助於增加表面積,削弱該粉末混合物之”流 丨或抓動特性’導致需要更長時間填充沖模和麼實零件 句:生的風險。當在壓實若干零件或在實驗室壓實 時,儘管這種流動性不構成門 再成問趕,但在生產設備中,每單 位時間能生產零件之數目 _ 糸决疋性因素之情況下,該問題 可此係關鍵性的問題。 近年來,另一個突顯 嚴重問喊係這種”粉塵"程度,特 別係石墨和蒸發硬脂酸鋅 兮r里3 有。副作用,在燒結過程中, 邊石墨和硬脂酸辞通常用. ef .. /閏β劑。爲了克服後一問 喊,特別地必須清洗燒結爐 ΛΛ ^ # ^ ^ ^ ”煙道,這種技術隨著揭示 的a午多其他含蠟和金屬皂之 門⑺别而激增。爲了減少或消
0\9I\91546.DOC 1289601 除使用硬脂酸鋅,在美國專利號6,5 11,945中揭示的低聚醯 胺結合的氧化聚乙烯、和EBS或多元羧酸醯胺蠟被使用作 為一黏合劑,但製造均勻粉末混合物典型上需要加熱該蠟 以使其在金屬顆粒上之塗層均勻分佈,如分別在St〇rstr〇m 專人之美國專利號5,480,469中和Vidarsson等人之美國專利 唬6,573,225中揭示者。爲了改善潤滑作用,美國專利號 ό,413,919運用混合兩個衆所周知之潤滑劑,每一個其自身 ϋ有效的,一種為脂肪酸單或雙酸胺,例如Egg,另一種 為金屬皂,例如硬脂酸辞,並且依靠加工該混合物以形成 塗有另一個之一潤滑劑核心。 【發明内容】 本發明k供一任思开》狀和尺寸之製品,它成型於⑴一具 有平均粒度小於約150微米(美國標準篩3〇目)之鐵質金屬粉 末與(11)一具有平均粒度小於約5〇微米,較佳地爲小於3〇微 米之可流動潤滑劑,並且與(iii)具有一平均當量直徑小於% 微米,較佳地爲在約1微米到50微米範圍内之澱粉顆粒一起 結合,或(IV)該澱粉顆粒與微粉纖維素纖維結合;該製品由 一粉末金屬混合物所成型,其中,該潤滑劑和澱粉顆粒一 起存在之量以重量計在約001%到2%範圍内’各自較佳存 在量以重量計爲小於混合物的1%。當用—Mic_c Standard Range粒子分析器測量時,以重量計約9〇%之澱粉 顆粒具夯之平均當量直徑在5至5〇微米之範圍内;以重量計 在5至40%範圍内之澱粉顆粒具有之平均當量直徑在2至2〇 微米之範圍内’並以重量計從U2Q%之殿粉顆粒之平均
O:\91\9I546.DOC - 12- 1289601 產要求規定之#爾表觀密度和流動速度規格之混合物。當 符合用於燒結零件之預定硬度和TRS規格時,在相同條件 下,具有殿粉潤滑劑之生述零件麼链比另一具有相同潤滑 劑(與澱粉潤滑劑存在量相同但是無纖維)之生坯零件壓坯 擁有更高之生链強度。”低合金"粉末儀指一種鐵質粉末, 該鐵質粉末可含以重量計從0 5%至5%之石墨和從〇. 1 %至 25%之選自下列組成之元素:鎳、銅、鉻、銦、錳、磷、 矽、飢和鎢。”不銹鋼”係指多種組合物之抗蝕鋼,但總是 含高百分比約8%至25%之範圍内的鉻’典型地從。至2 2%的 錄和從0至約G.5%的碳(〇。’’預合金’’係指該鐵依此方式溶 化加工以至與-或多種合金元素基本上均句混合。低合金 鋼零件典型地係』遠小於鉻或者錄含量之其他元素製成, 用比錳、鉬、矽、鈒、磷和鎢含量更高的銅,高達約5%, 而典型地錳、鉬、矽、釩、磷和鎢用量小於約。 鐵質金屬粉末可選自上述任何鐵質粉末。典型地,該鐵 貝:屬粉末係霧化粉末,或從具有符合燒結成品規格之粒 度範圍之顆粒的海綿鐵中衍生得到。 儘管任何習知蠟狀潤滑劑均能使用,例如EBS,但較佳 潤滑劑係-市售微粉聚烯烴壤,如—聚合度較低之稀煙氧 化物」或氧化的聚稀烴均聚物或共聚物,㈣烴具有從㈣ 伟反原子,取佳爲氧化的微粉聚稀煙均聚物壤。由於以重 量計小於〇.1%之非潤滑劑與該潤滑劑本身相比不具有明顯 的優點’因此殿粉潤滑劑之使用量或(毅粉潤滑劑+纖維辛 碎片)較佳爲按重量計在〇.25%至1%之範圍Θ,並且在殿粉
O:\91\91546.DOC -14- !2896〇1 粉末金屬混合物而言,最佳填充係在25至35秒/50克範圍 内’稱微長些時間’典型地如果生產速度要求不太大,則 差不多40秒/50克係可接受的。 、,種商業上可用的含以重量計小於2%之改性潤滑劑之 鐵粉金屬混合物(該改性潤滑劑含以重量計從〇. 1%至1%之 我粉顆粒與以重量計從Q i %至i %之f知潤滑劑結合,較佳 地爲聚合物潤滑劑)具有-霍爾表觀密度在2.7至3.5克/立 方^米範圍内’較佳地爲29至33克/立方复米,以及一霍 爾流速在25至35秒/50克範圍内’車交佳地爲從29至33秒/50 克。流動太慢或根本不流動之混合物,通常可輕易流過— 粕末相之輸送管道,這種在填充模腔方面的次要困難可遭 k於某二;^杨重1比時,在該輸送管道使用攪動設備諸如 機械或聲波之振動器,則困難能被克服。典型上以新賴改 性潤滑劑獲得之略低表觀密度係藉由使習知用於具有較高 表觀密度之混合物之模腔加深而予以補償。 於此定義之與一微粉合成蠟諸如一種具有當量直徑小於 約50微米之聚烯煙蠛顆粒組合殿粉顆粒,係新穎組合物之 成分’該成分不僅整個或部分替《金屬4諸如硬脂酸辞或 脂肪酸單或雙酿胺,而且比具有等效重量之無殿粉顆粒之 /閏滑劑提供更高之生链強度。含該澱粉潤滑劑之成型生述 鐵質粉末金屬製品,其在習知燒結爐之無氧氣氛中燒結 時,相比於燒結含硬脂酸鋅製品的情況,該燒結爐之煙道 不需要頻繁清洗。該澱粉顆粒可以與一無機潤滑劑諸如石 墨結合,該纖維之作用係部分替換一部分之另外使用之石 O:\91\91546.DOC -16- 1289601 帶之移動速度足夠提供所要求的在該爐之熱氣氛中之時 間,該氣虱典型地爲80%氮氣/20¾氫氣。在從約1〇〇(KF到 2500 F區域中,该傳送帶速度在2 54釐米(1,,)每分鐘到π」 釐米(12”)每分鐘之範圍内。 低合金和預合金之零件典型地不進行熱處理,除非它們 含有足夠之石墨以保證熱處理。不銹鋼零件未進行熱處 理。在以下大部分說明之實施例中,使用小於粉末金屬顆 粒之澱粉顆粒以避免該澱粉尺寸中插入另外的變化。僅僅 含澱粉顆粒而無潤滑劑之混合物之表觀密度和流速沒有測 $,係因爲當-以重量計含〇.75%之殺粉顆粒之混合物用 7030.77千克/平方釐米(卿/平方英寸)之麼力麼實時,該棒 不能用一可接受之推力從模腔中推出 這表明澱粉不提供 了在所有混合物裏加強 ’除非該石墨係爲燒結 因此,含澱粉並且無潤滑劑之混合物係不 步,僅僅使用必需成分來製造各種混合物, 明顯之潤滑性; 可用的。更進一 以便加強澱粉顆粒之形成效果。爲 澱粉顆粒之效果,應避免使用石墨 零件提供所要求性能所必需的。 實施例 本發明更進一步藉由以下列實施例進行說明,其中除^ 另有指示,該術語|,份,,係指重量份。所有結果係進行相声 試驗(典型地至少三找驗)之統計學有意義之平均數。下歹, 實施例不-用以限制本發明,而係用以說明本發明範圍内纪 少數實施方案。 實施例1 -1 1
O:\91\91546.DOC -19- 1289601 MPIF F-_0組合物之霍爾表觀密度和霍爾流速之評估 使用Hoeganaes Ancorsteel 1〇〇〇B作爲鐵質和各種潤滑劑, 部分與澱粉顆粒結合,每種潤滑劑或組合物之量以重量計 (混合物總量)爲0.75% : 在下表1中,每種樣品以丨磅粉末金屬混合物("混合物,,) 來製備,該混合物藉由在直徑約爲8釐米(3英寸)和長約爲 30.5釐米(12”)之圓筒中充分混合各組成得到。該圓筒用手 工滾動30秒,也就是說,在桌子上來回移動之㈣,它圍 繞其縱中心軸旋轉;然後該圓筒反復反轉30秒,也就是說, 它圍繞其中心橫軸線旋轉翻轉;然後該圓筒在多個軸中用 手搖動30秒。進行該過程超過約9〇秒,然後再重復一次以 確保基本上均勻。然後對每種混合物進行霍爾表觀密度評 估。下列之每種具有MPIFF-0000 (A1000B)粉末之混合物, 與以重量計0.75%之改性潤滑劑混合,該改性潤滑劑稱爲一 習知”潤滑劑”與,,非潤滑劑,,之組合物,該”非潤滑劑”係微米 級澱粉顆粒或微粉纖維素纖維,或兩者之混合物。在各自 此a物裏,每種成分篁係以占混合粉末金屬混合物之重量 百分數之形式表示。
Allnat C係内部代碼,用來指示微粉纖維素纖維,特別 是棉纖維。 "P-105"係-内部代碼’該内部代碼用於市售、微粉尺寸 之Acumi-st®八_12聚烯烴蠟(潤滑劑),此蠟熔點範圍爲約 137。〇至138。(:(2濟到28以),這壤本身用於混合物5。 在混合物料中,P_105與〇.375%澱粉和〇.i87〇/^Ailnat c O:\91\91546.DOC -20- 1289601 一潤滑劑在壓縮性和生坯強度方面之作用。其後所有棒在 白知燒結爐中,在傳送帶移動速度爲大約12·7釐米/分鐘(5,,/ 刀知)下通過連續區域,溫度爲649°C (1200°F)、76〇t: (14〇〇〇F)、1121。〇 (2050°F)、和 112Γ(: (2050°F),在 80%氮 氣/ 20%氫氣氛中燒結;並且評估該種燒結棒之性能。 將了解改性潤滑劑使用量以及該種潤滑劑對非潤滑劑比 例之選擇,取決於被壓實之特定粉末金屬混合物、和該燒 …零件(要滿足)之規格。過高或太低之混合量、或過高或太 低之一組分相對於另一組分之比例,將導致混合物處於所 須表觀密度和流速參數之外。通常,當改性潤滑劑存在量 以重量計小於〇·5%或超過15%時,該混合物在生産過程中 不谷易使用,因此該量較佳爲以重量計不超過1 · 5 %,並且 更佳爲以重量計不超過1 〇/〇。 與上述表1相同參數之混合物製成之棒被用來評估生坯 密度、生坯強度和從模腔中推出所要求脫模推力峰值。該 棒隨後在一裝備有傳送帶移動速度8·9釐米(3.5,,)/秒通過具 有連續高溫度區域以提供在該燒結爐中熱氣氛97%氮氣 /3°/。氩氣中所要求時間燒結,該傳送帶速度在2·54釐米(丨")/ 分至30.5釐米(12’’)/分範圍内通過四個主要溫度區域: 648.9°C (1200〇F)、760°C (14〇〇°F)、112rc (2050〇F)、和 1121°C (2050°F)。每一區域之長度大致3米(7,7”)。 測量至少三個樣品之燒結密度、燒結TRS、燒結表觀 Rockwell F硬度(HRF)和燒結尺寸之一致性(DC)且取平均 值。結果列於下表2 ·· O:\91\91546.DOC -23- 1289601 約25%。所有脫模壓力均在可技心_ %」镬文範圍内。 還可明顯看出,所有由該新|員择 稍k結混合物製造之棒之橫 斷裂強度(TRS)和表觀R〇ckWell ρ r硬度比那些用硬脂酸鋅、 Acrawax和Acumist製成之棒之橫斷裂強度和表觀R〇ckwen F硬度更高。而且,該新燒結棒具有最好之尺寸一致性 (DC),也就是說,變形最小。 藉由提供相關標的之一般揭示詳細描述該新穎改性潤滑 劑和粉末金屬混合物,並且用製造和使用本發明之最佳方 式特定實施方案來說明本發明,應該理解爲不受所說明和 描述之特定實施方案的過度限制,本發明尤其不侷限於在 此之外的附件的詳細陳述中。 O:\91\9I546.DOC -25-
Claims (1)
- Ι289#ΘΦ〇5ΐ76號專利申請t 申請專利範圍替換本(95年8月) 拾、申請專利範固: f: J 1· 一種粉末金屬混合物,其包括鐵質金屬粉末和改性潤滑 劑,該改性潤滑劑基本上由以下所構成⑴潤滑劑粉末, 其係以基於該組合物重之小於1%之量存在,和(H)澱粉顆 粒’其中90重量%之顆粒具有平均當量直徑在5至5〇微米 之範圍内’其係以基於該組合物重之小於1 %之量存在, 且具有平均當量直徑小於1 5〇微米,該改性潤滑劑係以基 於該組合物重之自〇·〇1 %至小於2%之量存在,該混合物具 有⑴數值不會比以無澱粉顆粒之習知潤滑劑製造之相同 粉末金屬混合物所獲得者小1〇%之霍爾表觀密度(Hall apparent density)’和(ii)霍爾流速在約25至4〇秒/5〇克混合 物之範圍内。 2·如申印專利範圍第1項之混合物:其中該澱粉顆粒具有平 均當量直徑小於50微米,且該潤滑劑粉末係選自由下列 物質組成之群組··脂肪酸單醯胺、脂肪酸雙醯胺、金屬 皂和聚烯烴墩。 3·如申咕專利範圍第i項之混合物,其中自5至4〇重量%之該 澱粉顆粒具有平均當量直徑在2至20微米之範圍内;且該 澱粉具有霍爾表觀密度在2·8至3·2克/立方釐米範圍内,: 該混合物之霍爾流速在約25至35秒/5〇克混合 内。 固 4.如申請專利範圍第i項之混合物,其包含具有平均長 於150微来且直徑在約1微米至2〇微米範圍内之碎片: 素纖維,其存在量不超過該澱粉顆粒之含量。 O:\91\91546-950825.DOC 1289601 5·如申請專利範圍第4項之混合物,其中該改性潤滑劑較佳 以重里计在〇.25%至1%範圍内,且在澱粉潤滑劑中,潤滑 劑/澱粉和潤滑劑/(澱粉+纖雉素碎片)(如果存在)之重量 比係在約1:2至10 : 1範圍内,較佳爲1: 1至4: 1範圍内。 6·如申喷專利範圍第1項之混合物,其中該澱粉顆粒經丨〇_3〇 百萬拉德(MegaRads)之γ射線照射。 7·如申π專利範圍第6項之混合物,其含有經電子束射線照 射以接受在約30至1〇〇百萬拉德範圍内之劑量之碎片纖 維素纖維,其平均長度小於150微米且直徑在約1微米至 2〇微米範圍内,其存在量不超過澱粉顆粒,且該澱粉顆 粒經約15百萬拉德之γ射線照射。 8· —種含潤滑劑之粉末鐵質金屬混合物,其具有霍爾流速 在約25至40秒/50克之範圍内,該改良處為包括改性潤滑 劑,该改性潤滑劑基本上由以下所構成⑴潤滑劑粉末, 其係以基於該組合物重之小於1%之量存在,和(π)澱粉顆 粒,其中90重量%之顆粒具有平均當量直徑在5至5〇微米 之範圍内’其係以基於該組合物重之小於1 %之量存在, 且具有平均當量直徑小於150微米,其係以基於混合物重 之約0.25%至小於〇·75%之量存在,及(iii)經電子束射線照 射以接受在約30至1〇〇百萬拉德範圍内之劑量之碎片纖 維素纖維’其具有平均長度小於1 5〇微米且直徑約1微米 至20微米,其係以基於該混合物重之〇%至小於〇 7彡。/❶但不 超過澱粉之量存在,該改性潤滑劑係以基於該組合物重 之小於1 · 5 %之量存在,該混合物具有數值上不會比以無 O:\91\91546-950825.DOC -2 - 1289601 澱粉顆粒之習知潤滑劑製造之相同粉末金屬混合物所獲 得者小1 〇%之霍爾表觀密度,在澱粉潤滑劑中,潤滑劑/ 澱粉和潤滑劑/(澱粉+纖維素碎片)之重量比(如果存在)係 在約1 ·· 2至10 : 1範圍内,較佳為1 : 1至4 : 1。 9.如申請專利範圍第8項之混合物,其中該澱粉顆粒經1〇至 30百萬拉德之γ射線照射,且霍爾流速在約25至35秒/5〇 克混合物之範圍内。 10· —種用於製造均勻鐵質粉末金屬混合物之方法,包括: 使具有平均粒徑小於約150微米之金屬顆粒與改性潤 滑劑混合,該改性潤滑劑基本上由以下所構成⑴潤滑劑 粉末,其係以基於該組合物重之小於1 %之量存在,和(Η) 澱粉顆粒,其中90重量%之顆粒具有平均當量直徑在5至 50微米之範圍内,其係以基於該組合物重之小於ι%之量 存在,且具有平均當量直徑小於150微米,該改性潤滑劑 係以基於組合物重之自〇〇1%至小於2%之量存在,該混合 物具有⑴數值上不會比以無澱粉顆粒之習知潤滑劑製造 之相同粉末金屬混合物所獲得者小1〇%之霍爾表觀密 度,及(η)霍爾流速在約25之4〇秒/5〇克混合物範圍内;及 在沖模中壓實該混合物以形成壓實生坯製品。 11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中該霍爾表觀密度係 大於以無該澱粉顆粒之習知潤滑劑製造之相同粉末金屬 混合物所獲得者,且霍爾流速在約25_35秒/5()克混合物 之範圍内。 12. -種適用於粉末金屬製品之改性潤滑劑,該改性潤滑劑 O:\91\91546-950825.DOC 1289601 基本上係由潤滑劑與澱粉顆粒結合所組成,其中該潤滑 ^係選自無機化合物、金屬有機化合物及蠟所組成之 群,該潤滑劑之平均粒徑小於5〇微米,其中約9〇重量%之 4焱粉顆粒具有平均當量直徑在5至5〇微米範圍内,·從5 至40重篁%之該澱粉顆粒具有平均當量直徑在^至汕微米 範圍内,且該澱粉具有霍爾表觀密度在2.8至3.2克/立方釐 米之範圍内。 13. 14. 如申吻專利Ιϋ圍第12項之改性潤滑劑,其中該澱粉顆粒 經10-30百萬拉德之γ射線照射。 如申明專利範圍第13項之改性潤滑劑,其包含經電子束 射線照射以接受在約3〇至1〇〇百萬拉德範圍内之劑量之 碎片纖維素纖維,其平均長度小於15〇微米且直徑在約1 微米至20微米之範圍内,其存在量不超過澱粉顆粒。 O:\91\91546-950825.DOC
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BE595949A (fr) * | 1959-10-13 | 1961-04-12 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Procédé de préparation de corps comprimés résistant à l'eau à l'aide de liants hydrosolubles. |
GB1162702A (en) | 1965-09-14 | 1969-08-27 | Hoganas Billesholms Ab | Low Alloy Iron Powder and process of preparing the same |
US3481714A (en) * | 1966-09-26 | 1969-12-02 | Int Nickel Co | Flowable metal powders |
GB1493943A (en) * | 1974-10-25 | 1977-11-30 | Arbrook Inc | Starch derivatives |
BR8008926A (pt) * | 1979-11-23 | 1981-10-20 | Love Ind Pty Ltd N B | Peletizacao de minerais por ligacao a frio |
US4288913A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1981-09-15 | Duracell International Inc. | Method of forming in situ gelled anode |
SE427434B (sv) * | 1980-03-06 | 1983-04-11 | Hoeganaes Ab | Jernbaserad pulverblandning med tillsats mot avblandning och/eller damning |
WO1992005290A1 (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-04-02 | Oriox Technologies, Inc. | Modified native starch base binder for pelletizing mineral material |
SE468121B (sv) * | 1991-04-18 | 1992-11-09 | Hoeganaes Ab | Pulverblandning innehaallande basmetallpulver och bindemedel av diamidvax och saett att framstaella blandningen |
US5568652A (en) * | 1994-11-25 | 1996-10-22 | Corning Incorporated | Rapid setting compositions and method of making and using same |
JPH11302302A (ja) | 1998-04-20 | 1999-11-02 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ゲルキャスト成形用のでん粉とそれを用いた成形方法 |
SE9903244D0 (sv) * | 1999-09-10 | 1999-09-10 | Hoeganaes Ab | Lubricant for metal-powder compositions, metal-powder composition cantaining the lubricant, method for making sintered products by using the lubricant, and the use of same |
SE9904367D0 (sv) * | 1999-12-02 | 1999-12-02 | Hoeganaes Ab | Lubricant combination and process for the preparation thereof |
JP2002020801A (ja) | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-23 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉 |
SE0103398D0 (sv) * | 2001-10-12 | 2001-10-12 | Hoeganaes Ab | Lubricant powder for powder metallurgy |
-
2004
- 2004-01-14 US US10/758,031 patent/US7261759B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-24 KR KR1020067016253A patent/KR20060103958A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-02-24 CN CNB2004800403539A patent/CN100436005C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-24 AU AU2004314326A patent/AU2004314326A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-02-24 AT AT04714159T patent/ATE441734T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-24 JP JP2006549221A patent/JP2007517984A/ja active Pending
- 2004-02-24 DE DE602004022998T patent/DE602004022998D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-24 EP EP04714159A patent/EP1730321B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-02-24 CA CA2553471A patent/CA2553471C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-24 BR BRPI0418399-1A patent/BRPI0418399A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-02-24 WO PCT/US2004/005432 patent/WO2005071124A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-02-27 TW TW093105176A patent/TWI289601B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2553471A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
CN100436005C (zh) | 2008-11-26 |
TW200523350A (en) | 2005-07-16 |
US7261759B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
US20040144206A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1730321B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
EP1730321A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
AU2004314326A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
CN1902332A (zh) | 2007-01-24 |
JP2007517984A (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
DE602004022998D1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
CA2553471C (en) | 2012-01-10 |
BRPI0418399A (pt) | 2007-06-05 |
KR20060103958A (ko) | 2006-10-04 |
ATE441734T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
WO2005071124A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
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