TWI282213B - Amplifier with single-end input and differential output - Google Patents

Amplifier with single-end input and differential output Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI282213B
TWI282213B TW094132491A TW94132491A TWI282213B TW I282213 B TWI282213 B TW I282213B TW 094132491 A TW094132491 A TW 094132491A TW 94132491 A TW94132491 A TW 94132491A TW I282213 B TWI282213 B TW I282213B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
amplifier
gain
circuit
control circuit
transistors
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TW094132491A
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Chinese (zh)
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TW200713801A (en
Inventor
Shin-Chieh Yen
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Realtek Semiconductor Corp
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Priority to TW094132491A priority Critical patent/TWI282213B/en
Priority to DE102006044006A priority patent/DE102006044006B4/en
Priority to GB0618531A priority patent/GB2430568B/en
Publication of TW200713801A publication Critical patent/TW200713801A/en
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Publication of TWI282213B publication Critical patent/TWI282213B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/195—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/26—Push-pull amplifiers; Phase-splitters therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
    • H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
    • H03G1/0035—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal using continuously variable impedance elements
    • H03G1/007—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal using continuously variable impedance elements using FET type devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G1/00—Details of arrangements for controlling amplification
    • H03G1/0005—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal
    • H03G1/0088—Circuits characterised by the type of controlling devices operated by a controlling current or voltage signal using discontinuously variable devices, e.g. switch-operated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/16—Networks for phase shifting
    • H03H11/22—Networks for phase shifting providing two or more phase shifted output signals, e.g. n-phase output

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides an amplifier with single-end input and differential output, which comprises: a first bonding wire; a transferred conductive gain circuit, which is coupled with the first bonding wire for receiving an input voltage; a gain control circuit, which is coupled with the transferred conductive gain circuit; a loading unit, in which one end of the loading unit is coupled with the gain control circuit to form a first output; and, a second bonding wire, which is coupled with another end of the loading unit to form a second output.

Description

1282213 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 ， 本發明係有關一種放大器，特別是指一種單端輸入差動輸出之放大器。 【先前技術】 在射頻電路設計多採用非平衡式的微帶線（microstrip line)架構， 晶片與電路板兩者間常需要透過平衡到非平衡轉換器⑽un)做信號轉 換，然而平衡到非平衡轉換器的使用不但增加成本，也帶來額外的信號損 失，造成雜訊指數（noise figure)上升，信號功率下降等影響，破壞整 體電路的特性，為此，在射頻晶片上採用單端輸入的設計，將可降低成本， 提河電路特性。以射頻接收機為例，即使最前段之低雜訊放大器為單端形 式，但後級的混波器(mixer)為避免本地震盪信號（L〇 signal)漏到射 頻端及中頻端或基頻端，常使用雙平衡式（d〇uWe balanced)架構，但雙 平衡式混波器在射頻輸入端為差動輸入，因此在低雜訊放大器與降頻混波 器之間需要一單端信號至差動信號的轉換電路。 在習知技術中，此轉換電路係設在一晶片上，其可如第一圖所示，從 外部輸入-單端信號至-轉導增益級1Q中，此轉導增益級1()所產生之電 流透過一增益控制電路12後傳送至負載電感14及下一級電路（例如：降 頻混波器）之輸入阻抗16，其轉導增益為泖。其中，該增益控制電路12 中包含了 2N+1個電晶體及2N個開關，其中增益控制電路丨2之增益值為a; 在負載單元14及下一級電路之輸入阻抗16之一端更分別耦接於一第一結 合線（bondingwire) 18及一第二結合線2〇。假設負載單元14、下一級電 Ϊ282213 路之輸人略161—結纽18科二齡㈣之魏相設為A、乙、 乙及22 ’因此本轉換電路之放大倍率如下所* : Av =-^L = 0.gm^—J ZlZm 77 ,n A +z，FT'^^~;i^T^T^) + (1-a)Kr'^ l 一· — 一 I 1 •— j 丨 m 1 丁 乙 2 ·1282213 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to an amplifier, and more particularly to an amplifier having a single-ended input differential output. [Prior Art] In the RF circuit design, an unbalanced microstrip line architecture is used. The chip and the circuit board often need to perform signal conversion through the balanced to unbalanced converter (10) un), but balanced to unbalanced. The use of the converter not only increases the cost, but also causes additional signal loss, causing the noise figure to rise, the signal power to drop, etc., which destroys the characteristics of the overall circuit. For this reason, single-ended input is used on the RF chip. The design will reduce the cost and the characteristics of the river circuit. Taking the RF receiver as an example, even if the low-order noise amplifier in the front stage is in a single-ended form, the mixer of the latter stage is to prevent the leakage signal (L〇signal) from leaking to the RF end and the intermediate frequency end or base. At the frequency end, a double-balanced (d〇uWe balanced) architecture is often used, but the double balanced mixer is a differential input at the RF input, so a single-ended between the low noise amplifier and the down-converter is required. Signal to differential signal conversion circuit. In the prior art, the conversion circuit is provided on a chip, which can be input from the external-single-ended signal to the -transmission gain stage 1Q as shown in the first figure, and the transduction gain stage 1() The generated current is transmitted through a gain control circuit 12 to the input impedance 16 of the load inductor 14 and the next stage circuit (for example, a down-converter), and the transduction gain is 泖. The gain control circuit 12 includes 2N+1 transistors and 2N switches, wherein the gain control circuit 丨2 has a gain value of a; and the load unit 14 and one of the input impedances 16 of the next-stage circuit are respectively coupled. Connected to a first bonding wire 18 and a second bonding wire 2〇. Assume that the loading unit 14 and the next-stage electric Ϊ 282 213 are the same as the A, B, B and 22'. Therefore, the magnification of the conversion circuit is as follows: Av =-^L = 0.gm^—J ZlZm 77 ,n A +z,FT′^^~;i^T^T^) + (1-a)Kr'^ l ——— I 1 •—— j 丨m 1 Ding Yi 2 ·

段算式則使可改變的增益範較限；且在第—财電路之負齡負載單元 14和弟-結合線18上’其内部之增益值無法纖。此外，負載電感μ和 第一結合線18輪叙請必爵有歸的錢接地（ac:請nd)，否 則增益控制就會不準確，而輸出賴1經由打線，與製程和包裝有極大的 關係’容易因此而改變。 【發明内容】 纟發明之目的之-在提供—種單端輸人絲輸出之放大器 ，該放大器 孑易受製程及包裝影響。 本餐明之目的之-在提供一種單端輸入差動輸出之放大器，該放大器 •可做車乂精確的電机切換增盈控制（。町邮加她职^隨汁〇1)。 本發明之目的之一在提供一種單端輸入差動輸出之放大器 ’該放大裔 具有較好的共模雜訊拒斥（c〇刪〇n m〇de n〇ise rejecti〇n rati〇，CMRR) 的能力。 根據本發_實施例，其係賊-鮮端輸人差動誠之放大器，該 放大裔中包含·一第一結合線（bonding wire); —轉導增益電路，係與該 第一結合線相耦接，用以接收一輸入電壓；一增益控制電路，係與該轉導 增盈電路相耗接，-負載單元，該負載單元之一端與該增益控制電路相麵 6 1282213 車乂佳實施辦，該該負鮮元26之兩端點分別祕—第—電容以及 電奋’用以交流連結（ac couple)方式輸出該差動訊號。 如弟-圖所不，假設增益控制電路24中，第二組開關244之參數為&， 第一組開關241之參數為门、含#' 数4(1〜a)，負載早兀26、下一級電路之輸入阻抗3〇、 以及結合線28之電_分顺n Zl，則本轉換電狀放大倍率如下 所示： 乂 二…聊 V- ZL^ZjThe segment equation limits the variable gain range; and the internal gain value of the negative-age load unit 14 and the young-bonded line 18 of the first circuit cannot be fiberized. In addition, the load inductance μ and the first combination line 18 rounds must be returned to the money ground (ac: please nd), otherwise the gain control will be inaccurate, and the output Lai 1 through the line, with the process and packaging have great The relationship 'easy to change accordingly. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide an amplifier for single-ended input wire output that is susceptible to process and packaging. The purpose of this meal is to provide a single-ended input differential output amplifier, which can be used to accurately control the motor switching gain control (. machi mail plus her job ^ with juice 〇 1). One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a single-ended input differential output amplifier which has better common mode noise rejection (c〇〇nm〇de n〇ise rejecti〇n rati〇, CMRR) Ability. According to the present invention, it is a thief-fresh input differential amplifier, the amplification includes a first bonding wire; a transduction gain circuit is coupled to the first bonding line Coupling for receiving an input voltage; a gain control circuit is coupled to the transconductance gaining circuit, the load unit, one end of the load unit is opposite to the gain control circuit 6 1282213 The two ends of the negative fresh element 26 respectively output the differential signal by means of an ac couple. As the figure does not, assume that the parameter of the second group of switches 244 is & in the gain control circuit 24, the parameter of the first group of switches 241 is the gate, including the number 4' (1~a), and the load is earlier than 26 The input impedance of the next-stage circuit is 3〇, and the electric_minute of the combination line 28 is n Zl, then the conversion power magnification is as follows: 乂二...Talk V- ZL^Zj

由上式可看出，在本發明之放大器中真正改變其增益機制者為&及L 而轉導增减22之互導值為（gm)，基本上不影響上式之結果；此外，式 中亚沒有結合線28之阻抗Zl，因此我們可說放大器之增益不受結合線沈 之〜喜Wilt纟.’便可將增益控制在一特定之範圍内，並可較容易麵 出其增益大小。 -本發明雖為-單端電路，但經由適當的設計該放大器之輸出端。在本 實施例中，結合㈣錄抗㈣該放大n之放大率並無影響，亦不必依賴 P點做出完美的交流接地（ac ground)，即可較精確的達成電流開關之增 显控制，且輸出電壓\U較不隨打線、製程、以及包裝而改變；再者，此方 法在共模雜訊拒斥（common mode n〇ise rejecti〇n)方面的能力更是和差 動電路的能力相當。 唯以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，並非用來限定本發明 錢施之範圍。故即凡依本發明申請範圍所述之特徵及精神所為之均等變化 或修飾，均應包括於本發明之申請專利範圍内。 1282213 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為習知技術單端電壓輸入放大器之方塊圖。 第二圖為本發明之簡單方塊圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10、22轉導增益級 12、24增益控制電路 14、26負載單元It can be seen from the above equation that the true change of the gain mechanism in the amplifier of the present invention is & and L, and the transconductance value of transduction 22 is (gm), which basically does not affect the result of the above formula; The middle Asian does not have the impedance Zl of the bonding line 28, so we can say that the gain of the amplifier is not controlled by the combination of the line sinking ~ hi Wilt纟. 'The gain can be controlled within a certain range, and the gain can be easily seen. size. - Although the invention is a single-ended circuit, the output of the amplifier is suitably designed. In this embodiment, in combination with (4) recording resistance (4) the amplification of the amplification n has no effect, and it is not necessary to rely on the P point to make a perfect AC ground, so that the display control of the current switch can be accurately achieved. And the output voltage \U does not change with the line, process, and packaging; in addition, the ability of this method in the common mode noise rejection (common mode n〇ise rejecti〇n) is the ability of the differential circuit quite. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any changes or modifications of the features and spirits of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. 1282213 [Simple description of the diagram] The first figure is a block diagram of a conventional single-ended voltage input amplifier. The second figure is a simple block diagram of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 10, 22 transducing gain stage 12, 24 gain control circuit 14, 26 load unit

27電感元件 16、30下一級電路之輸入阻抗 18、20、28、32 結合線（bonding wire) 29開關 40晶片 241第一組開關 242第一組電晶體 243電晶體 244第二組開關 245第二組電晶體27 Inductive component 16, 30 input impedance of the first stage circuit 18, 20, 28, 32 bonding wire 29 switch 40 wafer 241 first group of switches 242 first group of transistors 243 transistors 244 second group of switches 245 Two sets of transistors

Claims (1)

1282213 十、申請專利範圍： L 一種單端輸入差動輸出之放大器，該放大器包含·· . 一第一結合線（bonding wire); - —轉導增益電路’係與該第—結合線她接，肋接收-輸入電壓； 增盈控制電路，係與該轉導增益電路相耦接； —負鮮元，鮮元之-猶該增益控制電路她接_成_第 一輸出端；以及 % —第二結合線，係與該負載單元之另-端她接而形成—第二輪出端； 其中，該第一及該第二輸出端用以輸出一差動電壓。 2. 如申請專利範圍第i項所述之放大器，其中該第—及該第二輸出端分別 輕接—第-電容與-第二電容，以交流_ (AC卿le)方式差動輪出 * ϋ亥差動電壓。 3. 如中請專利範圍第2項所述之放大器，其中該放大器之—放大率係與該 第二結合線之阻抗無關。 • 4·如中請專利範圍第3項所述之放大器，其中該轉導增益電路係為—電晶 體。 θθ 5. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之放大器，其中該轉導雜電路係'為—電晶 體。 曰曰 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之放大器’其中該增益控制電路包括：複數 個電晶體以及複數個開關，每一開關係與相對應之電晶體她接。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之放大器，其中該複數個電晶體之源極皆連 接至該轉導增益級。 1282213 8·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之放大器，其中該轉導增益電路係為一電晶 體。 9·如申請專利範圍第8項所述之放大器，其中該增益控制電路包括··複數 .個電晶體以及複數個開關，每一開關係與相對應之電晶體相輕接。1282213 X. Patent application scope: L A single-ended input differential output amplifier, the amplifier includes a first bonding wire; a transduction gain circuit is connected to the first bonding wire , rib receiving-input voltage; gaining control circuit, coupled with the transducing gain circuit; - negative fresh element, fresh element - still the gain control circuit is connected to the first output; and % - The second bonding line is formed by connecting the other end of the load unit to the second end; wherein the first and the second output ends are used for outputting a differential voltage. 2. The amplifier of claim i, wherein the first and the second output are respectively connected to the -first capacitor and the second capacitor, and are differentially driven in an alternating current mode* ϋHai differential voltage. 3. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the amplification factor of the amplifier is independent of the impedance of the second bonding line. 4. The amplifier of claim 3, wherein the transduction gain circuit is an electro-optic crystal. Θθ 5. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the transducing circuit is 'electrical crystal.曰曰 6. The amplifier of claim 5, wherein the gain control circuit comprises: a plurality of transistors and a plurality of switches, each of which is connected to a corresponding transistor. 7. The amplifier of claim 6 wherein the source of the plurality of transistors is coupled to the transducing gain stage. 1282213. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the transduction gain circuit is an electro-optic body. 9. The amplifier of claim 8, wherein the gain control circuit comprises a plurality of transistors and a plurality of switches, each of which is lightly coupled to the corresponding transistor. 10·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之放大器，其中該增益控制電路包括：複數 個電晶體以及複數個開關，每一開關係與相對應之電晶體相執接以及。 11·如申請專利範圍第10項所述之放大器，其中該複數個電晶體之源極皆 連接至該轉導增益級ό 12·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之放大器，其中該放大器之一放大率係與該 第二結合線之阻抗無關。 13.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之放大器，其中該放大器輸出該差動電壓至 一混波器（mixer)。 14·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之放大器，其中該負載單元包括一電感元 件。 % I5·如申請專利範圍第14項所述之放大器，其中該負載單元還包括一開關 元件，該開關元件係與該電感元件並聯。10. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the gain control circuit comprises: a plurality of transistors and a plurality of switches, each open relationship being associated with a corresponding transistor. The amplifier of claim 10, wherein the source of the plurality of transistors is connected to the transducing gain stage ό12. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the amplifier A magnification is independent of the impedance of the second bond line. 13. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the amplifier outputs the differential voltage to a mixer. 14. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the load unit comprises an inductive component. The amplifier of claim 14, wherein the load unit further comprises a switching element, the switching element being in parallel with the inductive element.
TW094132491A 2005-09-20 2005-09-20 Amplifier with single-end input and differential output TWI282213B (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW094132491A TWI282213B (en) 2005-09-20 2005-09-20 Amplifier with single-end input and differential output
DE102006044006A DE102006044006B4 (en) 2005-09-20 2006-09-19 Device for converting an asymmetrical signal into a differential signal
GB0618531A GB2430568B (en) 2005-09-20 2006-09-20 Apparatus for converting single-ended signal into a first output signal and a second output signal

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW094132491A TWI282213B (en) 2005-09-20 2005-09-20 Amplifier with single-end input and differential output

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TW200713801A TW200713801A (en) 2007-04-01
TWI282213B true TWI282213B (en) 2007-06-01

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3154750A (en) * 1961-04-28 1964-10-27 Charles E David High frequency phase splitter utilizing bifilar windings
GB2321148B (en) * 1997-01-11 2000-10-25 Plessey Semiconductors Ltd Double balanced mixer
US6040731A (en) * 1997-05-01 2000-03-21 Raytheon Company Differential pair gain control stage
US5999056A (en) * 1998-06-30 1999-12-07 Philips Electronics North Amercia Corporation Variable gain amplifier using impedance network
US5999053A (en) * 1998-07-02 1999-12-07 Philips Electronics North America Corporation Current steering variable gain amplifier with linearizer
JP2000165202A (en) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-16 Toshiba Corp Single phase differential conversion circuit
US6288609B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-11 Motorola, Inc. Gain controllable low noise amplifier with automatic linearity enhancement and method of doing same
US20030114129A1 (en) * 2001-12-17 2003-06-19 Jerng Albert C. System and method for a radio frequency receiver front end utilizing a balun to couple a low-noise amplifier to a mixer

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TW200713801A (en) 2007-04-01
DE102006044006B4 (en) 2010-09-16
GB2430568B (en) 2008-06-11
DE102006044006A1 (en) 2007-05-24
GB2430568A (en) 2007-03-28
GB0618531D0 (en) 2006-11-01

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