TWI264413B - A cracker for a Claus plant - Google Patents

A cracker for a Claus plant Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI264413B
TWI264413B TW092115854A TW92115854A TWI264413B TW I264413 B TWI264413 B TW I264413B TW 092115854 A TW092115854 A TW 092115854A TW 92115854 A TW92115854 A TW 92115854A TW I264413 B TWI264413 B TW I264413B
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chamber
process gas
catalyst
boiler
gas
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TW092115854A
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TW200401745A (en
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Holger Thielert
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Uhde Gmbh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/02Preparation of sulfur; Purification
    • C01B17/04Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
    • C01B17/0404Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
    • C01B17/0413Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process characterised by the combustion step
    • C01B17/0417Combustion reactors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21GCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G1/00Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/02Preparation of sulfur; Purification
    • C01B17/04Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
    • C01B17/0404Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
    • C01B17/0426Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process characterised by the catalytic conversion
    • C01B17/043Catalytic converters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21GCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G1/00Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
    • G21G1/04Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators
    • G21G1/06Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by neutron irradiation
    • G21G1/08Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by neutron irradiation accompanied by nuclear fission
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

1264413 玖、發明說明: 技術領域 本發明係關於具有含防火材内襯之鍋爐之克勞斯工廠 (Claus plant)用之裂解器,該鋼爐具有供加熱氣體、空氣及 含硫化氫之酸性氣體之混合物用之流入開口之燃燒室,具 有觸媒飼入物之觸媒室,及在流出侧上具有含元素硫之熱 加工氣體用之氣體出口空間。 先前技術 克勞斯工廄中,係將硫化氫轉化成元素硫,其係藉由使 製程氣體流冷卻冷凝,接著分離。克勞斯工廠主要結構包 含上述之裂解器,廢熱鍋爐以及至少一觸媒段。含H2S之 酸性氣體伴隨空氣及加熱氣體導入裂解器之燃燒室中。於 此處,依觸媒飼入物中之放熱反應,將約6 0 - 7 0 %之硫化氫 轉化成硫。製程氣體在溫度約120(TC下離開裂解器,且在 廢熱鍋爐中冷卻至170°C以下。冷凝之硫分離後,將製程 氣體再度加熱,且導入觸媒段中,此時在300 °C以下之操 作溫度下,將仍含於製程氣體中之硫化氫轉化成元素硫。 依已知之方法,係使用垂直通風爐作為裂解器,其於上 端具有一燃燒室,且於燃燒室之下為包含流失觸媒飼入物 之床。具有由上至下流動之該爐具有相當的高度。基於結 構安定性之理由,需要昂貴之爐支撐結構,以支撐在爐上 作用之搖動負荷。另外,其一問題為燃燒室之火焰會波及 觸媒飼入物,使觸媒受損。 發明内容 85681-950620.doc 1264413 本發明之 需求成本。 計。 一目的係降低克勞斯 該裂解器應具有平順 工廠之裂解器用之設備 之功能且具有小型化設 實施方式 為解決該 、1 阀同没蜗骚, 其中之燃燒室及流出室均串聯配置,i流動方向之觸媒室 係以氣體可透過之格子碑作為二側界限,且在殼中具有過 濾器開口,以飼入觸媒飼入物。較好,流入開口及氣體出 口 4基本認知為若觸媒飼入物係飼入以氣體可透過之袼 子缚使二侧結合之觸媒室中,則可使用裂解器之水平^ 列。相當大之優點為可由本發明之排列獲得。該裂解器可 為具有短燃燒室之小型化設計,因為防火材料之格子磚可 有效避免火焰由燃燒罜延伸至觸媒飼入物。另外,因鍋爐 之水平排列會使架設裂解器之結構性問題相當明顯。承^ 搖動負荷之爐支撐結構並不需要。依據本發明較佳具體 例,由防火材料組成之格子磚會有夾缝,無法以通常為球 形之觸媒塞滿。 依欢解為之另一具體例,本發明教示在流出室之周圍上 連接歧管以及防火内襯,其將鍋爐附近之冷卻劑製程氣體 流過之製程氣體管線連接在一起。在歧管與製程氣體管線 結合之點裝置可調整之閥體,調節離開歧管之熱氣體流之 質量流。閥體及結合之促動器係以流經製程氣體管線之冷 卻製程氣體冷卻,因此閥體及結合之促動器可使用—般之 金屬材料。 85681-950620.doc 1264413 另一設計版本係敘述於以 且參考其一具體例詳述於下 下之申請專利範圍第5項中 圖1中所示之克磬邶丁 —丄 、 分、斤工殿中,係將硫化氫轉化成元素 八(克勞4工廠〈王要結構包含具有燃燒室2及觸媒加料3 之农解為1,與裂解器1之氣體出口相通之廢熱銷爐4以及 ^ y觸媒#又5。與空氣7及加熱氣體8 一起之含硫化氣之 S“生孔“導入裂解器】之燃燒室2中。依放熱反應,部分 硫化氫會在觸媒處轉化成元素硫。製程氣體在溫度約1200 °C下離開裂解器i,且在廢熱鋼爐4中冷卻至丄赃以下之 期望溫度。再分離冷凝之硫。硫經分離後,加熱經冷卻之 製程氣體’且導人觸媒段5中’ ^此處使硫化氫化合物於 觸媒處轉化成元素硫。觸媒段5在低於·。C之溫度下操 作。離開觸媒段5之製程氣體亦於廢熱銷爐4中冷卻至使硫 冷飯所需之溫度,且分離冷凝之硫。 比較圖1及2顯示裂解器丨包含襯以防火材料之水平、圓 枉形鍋爐9,其中之燃燒室2、觸媒加料3之催化室1 〇以及 机出挪t至11為併排排列。在面對鍋爐9之另一反面端配置 加熱混合物、空氣及含之酸性氣體之混合物用之流入 開口 1 2以及熱製程氣體、元素硫用之氣體出口 1 3。觸媒 室1〇二端上之邊界係由防火材料組成之氣體可透過之格 子碑14组成’且該室具有在殼中之填料開口^供飼入觸媒 飼入物。格予磚14較好有夾缝。流出室之四周上連接具有 防火内被之歧管1 6,其與鍋爐周圍之製程氣體管線1 7結 口製私氣體言線1 7將廢熱鍋爐4之氣體出口及觸媒段5相 85681-950620.doc 1264413 連’以低於1701;之溫度離開廢熱鍋爐4之製程氣體流過, 且在進入觸媒段5之前加熱至2 1 0 °C至250 °C間之操作溫 度。该溫度因經歧管1 6加於流動之熱製程氣體預混合而發 生。接近歧管1 6及製程氣體管線結合之點處裝置調整閥體 1 8 ’调整離開歧管1 6之熱氣體流之質量流。該閥體丨8及結 合之促動器1 9係以流經製程氣體管線丨7之冷卻製程氣體 冷卻’因此可使用一般金屬材料。 另外’裂解器20具有供檢測及清洗之開口 2〇,以及溫度 測量單元用之通道2 1。 廢熱鋇r爐4具有由抗壓密封器環繞之蒸氣產生室,其係 與鍋爐飼入水用之飼入裝置22及低壓蒸氣用之抽除裝置 23 °廢熱鍋爐4含有長的管束,其為經蒸氣產生室延伸之 熱交換管,且在二端均裝置管支撐物,形成蒸氣產生室之 邊界。另外,裝置至少一出口端亦裝置管支撐器,且入口 端向著流入室24開口之較短熱交換管組成之管束。離開裂 解為之熱製程氣體流經長的管束。流入室24位在蒸氣產生 A中,且接收觸媒段5之較冷製程氣體。廢熱鍋爐4亦具有 上頭片狀物25,其在出口端與管支撐材結合,且分成許多 段。各段之上頭片狀物25相對應個別管束。裝置係與排出 冷凝硫之此等段相連。 圖式簡單說明 圖1為具有依本發明設計之裂解器之克勞斯工廄。 圖2為相較於圖1放大說明之裂解器。 圖式代表符號說明 85681-950620.doc 1264413 I, 裂解器 2. 燃燒室 3. 觸媒加料 4. 廢熱鍋爐 5. 觸媒段 6. 酸性氣體 7. 空氣 8. 加熱氣體 9. 鋼爐 10. 催化室 11. 流出侧上之室 12. 流動開口 π 1 3 .製程氣體用之氣體出 14. 格子碑 15. 填料開口 16. 歧管 1 7.製程氣體管線 1 8 ·閥體 1 9.結合之促動器 20.檢測用開口 2 1.溫度測量單元用通道 2 2 .飼入裝置 23. 排出裝置 24. 流入室 25. 上頭片狀物 8568 卜950620.doc

Claims (1)

1264413 拾、申請專利範圍·· 種内广防火材料〈含鍋爐⑼之克勞斯工廠(c — s plant) :狄解叩,其具有供加熱氣體、空氣及含H2S之酸性氣 把々“物用《流入開口 (12)之燃燒室(2),具觸媒加料(3) 觸媒至(1 0),在流出侧具有供含熱元素硫之製程氣體 用之氣體出口(13)之室⑴),其特徵為 、、尚、盧()為水平、圓桶形鍋爐,其中之燃燒室⑺、觸媒 室(1 〇)及流出侧上之舍r〗 、 至(11)係串也卩配置,且在流動方向, 觸媒室(1 0)係以裔晋曲I、夫 )你以孔組可透過之格子磚(14)作為兩侧界 限且在…又上具有觸媒加料(3)飼入用之填料開口(1 5)。 2.如申请專利範圍第i项之裂解器,其特徵為流入開口(⑺ 及氣體出π(13)係置於_(9)之兩相對端面上。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1或 乂2貝(衣解咨,其特徵為格子磚(14) 含有夾缝。 4·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之列 尺2貝《农解态,其特徵為在室(η) 之周圍及流出側上i查#、^ t 、接视以防火材料之歧管(1 6),其結 合在鋼爐(9 )周圍之制_ I矛王風m &線(1 7),其中在接近歧管 (16)與製程氣體管線έ士八 尺、、,口 口足點處配置可調整之閥體 08),該閥體可調整由歧管⑽離開之熱氣體流之質量 流’且其中冷卻器製程氣體流經製程氣體管線⑼,將 閥體(18)及與閥體結合之促動器(Μ)冷卻。 5 ·如申请專利範圍第4項少列妒 ^ ^ /、足衣解為,其特徵為廢熱鍋爐(4) 係與氣體出口(13)¾、击 Ώ v、 、 、,且離開鍋爐(9)之熱製程氣體於 該鍋爐中冷卻,將开I、云、人广 將兀素流冷部且於其中產生蒸氣,且歧 85681-950620.doc 1264413 管(16)與製程氣體管線(17)結合,其與廢熱鍋爐(4)相 連,且將冷卻之製程氣體導入克勞斯工廠之觸媒段(5) 中 。 85681-950620.doc
TW092115854A 2002-07-25 2003-06-11 A cracker for a Claus plant TWI264413B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10233820A DE10233820A1 (de) 2002-07-25 2002-07-25 Spaltreaktor für eine Claus-Anlage

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TW200401745A TW200401745A (en) 2004-02-01
TWI264413B true TWI264413B (en) 2006-10-21

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US (1) US8137634B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1525156B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4452616B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100743435B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1291908C (zh)
AT (1) ATE350336T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003232743A1 (zh)
BR (1) BR0312600B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2492340C (zh)
DE (2) DE10233820A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2279206T3 (zh)
MX (1) MXPA04012968A (zh)
PL (1) PL201490B1 (zh)
PT (1) PT1525156E (zh)
TW (1) TWI264413B (zh)
WO (1) WO2004014791A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200500278B (zh)

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CN1668529A (zh) 2005-09-14
BR0312600A (pt) 2005-04-19
AU2003232743A1 (en) 2004-02-25
TW200401745A (en) 2004-02-01
US20050238552A1 (en) 2005-10-27
CA2492340C (en) 2011-11-01
KR20050114207A (ko) 2005-12-05
CN1291908C (zh) 2006-12-27
WO2004014791A1 (de) 2004-02-19
PT1525156E (pt) 2007-03-30
JP4452616B2 (ja) 2010-04-21
EP1525156B1 (de) 2007-01-03
CA2492340A1 (en) 2004-02-19
US8137634B2 (en) 2012-03-20
DE50306203D1 (de) 2007-02-15
BR0312600B1 (pt) 2011-08-23
PL201490B1 (pl) 2009-04-30
JP2005533743A (ja) 2005-11-10
DE10233820A1 (de) 2004-02-12
PL372985A1 (en) 2005-08-08
ATE350336T1 (de) 2007-01-15
KR100743435B1 (ko) 2007-07-30
ZA200500278B (en) 2006-07-26
EP1525156A1 (de) 2005-04-27

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