TWI247841B - A structural formwork member - Google Patents

Abstract

A structural formwork member is disclosed. The structural formwork member includes a base member in the form of a profiled metal sheet that has parallel ribs (5) and plurality of pans (6) between the ribs. The structural member also includes a strengthening member (71) that is structurally connected to the base member.

Description

1247841 γτλ ——------- ν. / Ή'1 year and month repair (more) is replacing page ^ one, 丨 | Λ 7 I----_ two ^- Β7: _ five, hairpin % (1) ~~一^- The present invention relates to structural formwork elements, as well as composite slabs comprising structural formwork elements. The invention relates in particular to structural formwork elements for constructing composite slabs. Although not the only one, the main final route for this structural formwork component is the construction of a composite panel that forms the floor of a building (including a parking lot). Although not the other one, the ultimate use of the structural (4) plate elements for this purpose is to construct a composite panel forming a vertical wall panel. One type of structural formwork element used to construct a composite slab forming a building floor comprises: (a) a base element in the form of a profiled steel sheet having parallel ribs separated by a flat disk; and (b) A stiffening element in the form of a truss beam is formed by a winding assembly and a belly string assembly spaced above the sheet, the belly string assembly I being welded to the 'upper assembly and the ribs and/or the flat sheets of the sheet. The lattice beam may also include a lower chord assembly that is parallel to the upper chord assembly. Examples of structural stencil elements of the above type and composite slabs formed of structural stencil elements are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. Jp, A, 4-222739 (H〇ry Corporation) and Australian Patent 707101 (Br〇ken Hill Monopoly) Limited). The structural stencils described and claimed in Australian Patent No. 707101 and the composite slabs formed from the elements are sold under the trademark TRUSSDEK by the Applicant. In the settings disclosed in this patent application and the Australian patent, the steel sheet and the wood paper are smeared.

(G«) : 丨 Specifications (:n()X297 公梵) !9V*f FrifitiaLtiiin

1247841 V. INSTRUCTIONS (2) The upper string assembly, the belly string assembly (if present, the lower chord assembly) defines a series of spaced apart trusses extending along the length of the steel sheet. In use, the structural formwork elements are Placed on the floor support, sometimes fixed, and the concrete is poured in place to complete the structure of the composite floor slab. Therefore, each composite floor slab includes a structural formwork element and a structural formwork element. A layer of concrete on the base assembly. The structural formwork elements can be constructed to extend across a span between adjacent temporary or permanent floor supports, with the ends of the formwork elements resting on the floor supports. The structural formwork element can also be constructed to extend across multiple spans between temporary or permanent floor supports, with the ends of the formwork elements resting on the outermost floor support and the intermediate section of the formwork elements The segment is placed on one or more floor supports between the outermost floor supports. The inventor of the TRUS SDEK structural formwork elements and the TRUSSDEK composite building formed by the elements A wide range of research and development work has been carried out on slabs. As a result of research and development work, the inventors have made many improvements to the TRUSSDEK structural stencil elements and have invented improved structural stencil elements. Accordingly, the improved structural templating elements of the present invention comprise: (a) a base member in the form of a foil, and (b) at least one reinforcing member structurally coupled to the base member. (2 j () X297 public siltation

1247841

中吟7#日修(更)正换页 5. Inventive Description Preferably, the metal foil is a steel sheet. The base element can be in the form of a flat plate. The base member can be in the form of a profile sheet having parallel ribs extending along the length of the base member and a plurality of flat discs between the ribs. Preferably, the flat disk is planar. The reinforcing elements can be located on one of the flat plates. Alternatively, the reinforcing elements may be located on the ribs of the two fields adjacent to each other across the flat disk. Preferably, the ribs of the base member are small ribs. Applicants have discovered that the small ribs contribute greatly to the ability of the profile sheet to be reduced in the overall negative curvature of the length of the sheet. Typically, there is a negative bend in the profile sheet profile just above or near the temporary or permanent support for the structural formwork element. This is an important issue for the increase in the unsupported span length of structural stencil elements having a given sheet thickness. This is also an important issue for the reduction of the thickness of the sheet across a structural stencil element of a given span length. Applicants have also discovered that small ribs make it possible to use structural stencil elements in composite slab structures, where the composite slab structure will be subjected to significant two-way test motions, so in the direction transverse to the reinforced elements, A considerable amount of strengthening or pre-stressing is used to strengthen the composite slab. Applicants have also discovered that the small ribs do not adversely affect the shear properties of the shear connectors that are used to attach the composite slab to the stent. Preferably, the height of the rib above the flat disk is no more than 2 mm. /01,3⁄4 !.j 11::, ,,;j (CNS} A (2 --------- , ..........·装...一^先—back Note y item and then f)) *1T··Line...- 1247841 j 94 77*28*^—One-to-one TM|Year-month repair ('more) is replacing page Λ7:Ϊ7 V. Invention description ( 4) Particularly preferably, the height of the rib above the flat disk is not more than 15 mm. Particularly preferably, the height of the rib above the flat disk is not large (four) coffee. Preferably, the height of the rib above the flat disk is not More than 20% of the height of the reinforcing element above the flat plate. The height of the rib above the flat plate is not more than 15〇/〇 of the height of the reinforcing element above the flat plate. The height and number are selected such that the width of the profile sheet is at least 80% of the width of the planar sheet before the rib is formed on the planar sheet and the profile sheet is made. Preferably, the shape of the rib facilitates the base member and The interlocking of the concrete is such that the silk is filled over the element of the county and solidified on the base element to form a composite slab. The ruthenium of the rut extends along the length of the side of the base element. a male and female structural member capable of positioning a plurality of structural stencil elements side by side in an overlapping relationship, a male element of a structural stencil element forming a lap joint with a female element of an adjacent structural stencil element The base member and the reinforcing member may form a truss extending along the length of the base member. The reinforced 7L member may include a lattice beam formed by an upper chord assembly and a belly string assembly, the upper chord assembly being spaced above the base member, and the (four) chord assembly being a rib and/or a flat plate coupled to the upper chord assembly and the base member. The lattice beam may also include a lower chord assembly that is parallel to the upper chord assembly and coupled to the abdominal chord assembly. The reinforcing member may also be in the form of an inverted trough member Correction (10)(7)()>37 publicity ί, paper 丨Ul. spent over the seat 丨: 3⁄4 CNS ) 1247841 pr_7_: interview -~~ - year and month repair (more) is replacing page 五 5, invention description (5) - Preferably, the inverted trough-shaped member has an upper wall and two side portions, the side portions being connected to the base member, and the upper wall being spaced above the base member. Preferably, the channel member is formed from a rolled metal sheet. Preferably, the channel member is formed from a rolled steel sheet. Preferably, the rolled steel sheet is 0.6-1.2 mm thick. More preferably, the thickness of the rolled steel sheet is 〇.6_0.8 mm. Preferably, the height of the channel member is 80-240 mm. More preferably, the height of the channel member is 13 〇 - 240 mm. Preferably, the width of the channel member is 90 mm to 190 mm from the point of attachment of the side of the channel member to the base member. Preferably, the sides of the trough-shaped element converge toward the top of the trough-shaped element. Preferably, the sides of the channel member have flanges that are turned outwardly to improve the connection between the sides of the channel members and the base members. Preferably, one or both sides of the trough-shaped element include sections that are pressed or otherwise formed by the plane of the sides to provide resistance to buckling of the structural formwork elements and to increase the structural formwork elements. Shear resistance. Preferably, the pressing sections are ribs or corrugations in the sides. Preferably, the ribs have a transverse axis that extends transversely across the length of the base member. Preferably, the crests of the corrugations extend transversely across the length of the trough system and the base member. Preferably, the depth of the corrugations is at least 3 mm from the nose between the apex of the crest and the bottom of the trough. Preferably, the wavelength of the ripple is between the vertices of the adjacent peaks, or ^!ί; 1:3⁄4 ΐ. (QvS), j;v (10X297^^),···••..... ............订-------------#. Line (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) 1247841 ?------ ---------- __ | θ4^7· Sample day repair (more) is replacing page I ^ ---- two ^ one - five, invention description (6) between the bottom of the adjacent trough Counted as 3〇_6〇mm. The channel member and the base member define a watertight void to minimize lateral deflection of the structural template member when the suspect soil is poured onto the structural formwork member in the composite panel (four) structure, and/or An access path for building facilities such as telecommunications windings is provided in the composite panel. The term "impermeable impervious" is to be understood herein to mean a volume that cannot be penetrated by wet concrete that is poured onto a structural formwork element. Preferably, the void is filled with a fire or retarding material. Preferably, the inner surface of the channel-shaped member forming the cavity and the surface of the base member are coated with a fireproof or retarding material. Preferably, the cavity comprises a sound absorbing material. Alternatively, one or both sides of the channel member may include an opening that allows access to the interior of the channel member such that during construction of the composite slab, the wet concrete may flow within the volume defined by the channel member and the base member . Preferably, the sides of the channel member include alignment openings to allow reinforcement of the rod/wire during construction of the composite slab, the cable being positioned to extend transverse to the channel member. Preferably, the opening is formed to reduce the likelihood that the opening will weaken the strength of the channel member. The opening can be suitably reinforced. Still alternatively, the trough-shaped elements can be formed such that one or more sections can be filled with concrete and one or more sections can be hollow one. By way of example, the trough-shaped element may comprise a cavity close to the end of the trough-shaped element, and - the inner membrane is positioned such that concrete can only flow into the end section of the trough-shaped element. this

1247841 Description of the invention Set up to avoid voids that interfere with the integrity of the shear connection between the composite slab and the permanent support beam. Preferably, the channel member includes an inner or outer retaining member at the end and/or along the length of the channel member by deflecting the reaction force acting on the channel member to prevent collapse of the channel member. Preferably, the trough member further includes a winding member mounted to or fixed by the trough member. The winding assembly can be any suitable component. Preferably, the upper chord assembly is a rod or rod or plate. Preferably, the upper chord assembly is a steel rod or a steel rod or a steel plate. Preferably, the panel is deformed, creased or perforated to increase the interlocking of the structural formwork elements with the concrete in the composite slab. By way of example, the plate can be deformed by machining the plate to have a section that is upturned and/or turned down. The winding assembly can be mounted to the channel member by suitable means. One option is to weld the winding assembly to the base of the trough member. Another option is to attach the winding assembly to the base of the trough member. Another option is to mount the upper chord assembly to the trough member using a belly chord assembly attached to the upper chord assembly and the channel assembly. A further alternative, although not the only alternative, is to mount the upper chord assembly to the base of the slotted 7C member using one or more brackets mounted to the channel member, wherein the bracket is formed to utilize the latch The winding assembly is secured by a fit or other suitable means of engagement. — -10 ---------••装...: (Please read the note on the back and then write the W). Order — "^ 11: ^

1247841 day chick) is replacing page I

V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (8 Preferably, the bracket is in the form of a saddle having legs that straddle the trough member, the legs having inwardly facing tabs, and the sides of the trough member having receiving tabs The opening thereby securing the saddle to the channel member. Alternatively, the base of the channel member can be formed to at least partially enclose the winding assembly, thereby securing the winding assembly. Preferably, the base includes a complementary lateral section of the section of the winding assembly, whereby the upper chord assembly can be snap-fitted into engagement with the base. The strength of the connection between the upper chord assembly and the fluted element is preferably selected to be destructive due to the extension or compression plasticity of the winding assembly Deformation (yeldi(10). /Constructive template S-pieces may include - bridging elements that are connected to - or both ends of the structural stencil element and/or along the length or eve position of the structural stencil element to allow for load from The reinforcing elements are transferred directly to the temporary or permanent support for the structural formwork elements. The bridging elements are an important feature, especially for the reinforcement elements: the string assembly and the belly string assembly The fact that it forms a truss with the base element. (4) This feature will form a pass-through: for the combination of the upper chord assembly and the vent string assembly, the groups: the traverse is repeated along the length of the structural stencil element The basic length of the single-ended two-t according to the length of the structural M-plate component, a stiffening component on the temporary or permanent support of the template component, can be - a portion along the length of a unit. Similarly, if a temporary or permanent bracket occurs in the middle, the case may be T1- 2(1)X % 7 婿12478"r^TTYs - - 羊月日修 (more) is being replaced page 5, invention description ( 9 )

The above is significant because the structure of the reinforcing elements on the end or intermediate section of the structural formwork element and on the temporary or permanent support affects the load on the structural formwork element and the temporary or permanent support. Transfer between. Poor load transfer may result in reduced strength and excessive deflection or local deformation of the structural formwork elements, particularly when the concrete is poured onto the structural formwork elements to form a composite slab. The use of bridging elements makes it possible to use structural stencil elements of standard structural lengths over a range of non-standard span lengths without compensating for load transfer between the structural stencil elements and temporary or permanent supports. The bridging element can be in the form of a string assembly that is connected to the reinforcing element. The string assembly can be in the form of a frame. The string assembly can include means for allowing the string assembly to be adjustably coupled to the stiffening element. The bridging elements can also be in the form of panels, for example formed from steel sheets or steel sheets. The bridging elements can also be in the form of elongate elements such as beams and plates that are attached to the base elements of the structural formwork elements. The structural formwork element can include one or more watertight voids that contact the sections of the base element between adjacent reinforcing elements to facilitate reduction of the section when wet concrete is poured onto the structural formwork element Lateral deflection. The characteristics of the above-mentioned voids are based on the applicant's perception that there are two special reasons for causing the base element sections between adjacent reinforcing elements to be laterally deflected with the load of the wet concrete, ie, bulging downwards. . These causes are the hydrostatic pressure of the water acting on the wet concrete of the base element, and the weight of the wet concrete. t —-一一^^·· Wood paper dip scale used ί·£ 13⁄4 ' 12 one: one 1247841^—i year 9 record (more 丄iL replacement page L A 7

------ __B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (10) The downward bulging on the underside of the structural stencil element can be quite significant and, in addition to deviating from the visual appearance, may also affect the group of finished products and/or building facilities. Assume. In addition to this, bulging downwards increases the amount of concrete needed to form the slab surface. Applicants have discovered that the use of the above-described voids can reduce the adverse effects of hydrostatic pressure and the weight of the mixed soil by transferring the load caused by the wet concrete on the voids to the reinforcing elements or reinforcing element regions on the sides of the void. The void does not need to be used as a structural component. However, the structure that defines the void needs to have sufficient stiffness and strength to transfer the load caused by the wet concrete above the cavity to the area of the adjacent stiffening or strengthening element. Preferably, the void extends across a substantial portion of the width section of the base member between adjacent reinforcing elements. Preferably, the void extends across at least 70%, preferably at least 80% of the section of the base element between adjacent reinforcing elements. The structural formwork element can include a plurality of voids spaced along the length of the section of the base element between adjacent reinforcing elements. The structural stencil element can also include a single void extending along a length of the base member between the adjacent reinforcing elements. In terms of height, the void can be small so that it is possible to use a structural stencil element in the structure of the composite slab that will be subjected to bidirectional bluing, which is in the lateral direction of the reinforcing element due to the bidirectional bending action A significant amount of strengthening or pre-stressing is required to strengthen the composite slab. The void can be defined by, for example, a bulk material in which the bulk material is adhered to 13~(2 Κ)Χ297·Α.^ 124784^ ——~年月日修(more) replacement page A7 B7 V. Description of invention ( 11) or otherwise secured to the base member. A car's material is lightweight, such as styrene. The void may also be defined, for example, by a volume surrounded by the following elements: (1) the base element, (2) the side of the rib of the base element, or between adjacent reinforced 7L pieces, adjacent to the base element Other suitable elements of a segment, and (3) sheet material spaced above the base member and extending across the segment and in contact with adjacent ribs or other suitable material. The void may also be defined, for example, by a volume surrounded by the following elements: (1) a base element and (2) a shaped sheet, such as a curved sheet, having a rib by the base element or other suitable The side where the stop element is fixed. The void may also be defined by, for example, a volume surrounded by (1) a base element and (2) a trough-shaped element in an upturned position, the base of the trough-shaped element being spaced from above the base element The opening is formed and a hollow top is formed, and the sides of the channel element extend downwardly and are structurally attached to the base member 'forming the other two sides of the void. Preferably, the void is filled with a fireproofing material or a retarding material. Preferably, the inner surface of the grooved member forming the void and the surface ' of the base member are coated with a fireproofing material or a retarding material. Preferably, the cavity comprises a sound insulating material. The structural formwork may also include (4) structural elements such as steel bars or frames composed of a plurality of steel bars; and (8) joining members mechanically joining the structural elements to the structural template elements

Please read the back of the note first. I will write this page again.

Binding

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VI 1247841 % 7•走 8* 曰修(£j正换1

5. Description of the invention (丨2) A section of a base element of a piece, or a section joined to a base element of an adjacent structural formwork element in an overlapping relationship, so that when wet concrete is poured onto the structural formwork element, Reduce the lateral deflection of these sections. This feature is particularly relevant to those sections between the reinforcing elements. This feature can be used as an alternative to the features of the aforementioned watertight voids. This feature is that the base applicant perceives the hydrostatic pressure of the wet coagulated t water acting on the base element and the weight of the wet concrete, resulting in a base element between adjacent reinforcing elements, particularly as the wet concrete is loaded. Two important reasons for the lateral deflection of the segment (ie, bulging downward). As previously mentioned, Applicants have discovered that the use of the structural elements described above can reduce the hydrostatic pressure and the weight of the concrete by transferring the load generated by the wet concrete to adjacent reinforcing elements. The above features are particularly relevant in the case of two structural formwork elements arranged side by side in an overlapping relationship, although this is not specifically the case. In this case, the lap joint between the two 7G members tends to separate as the base member section including the lap joint bulges downward. In accordance with the present invention, there is also provided a composite floor panel comprising the structural formwork elements described above and a hardened concrete layered on the element. In accordance with the present invention, a composite panel in the form of a vertical wall panel is also provided which includes the structural formwork member described above and a layer of hardened concrete or other suitable castable panel material on the member. The invention will now be further described by way of example, wherein: Figure 1 is based on the 碥 澳洲 d d 707 707 707 707 707 707 707 trus trus trus r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r ------ ------ 请 请 请Read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page), order 丨,·-----,·:------ 94 义^---- Year and month repair (more) replacement page

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 7 is an external view of an embodiment; an end view 2 is a structural template element according to the present invention - an embodiment of the invention -: - (Read first) The following is a structural end view according to the present invention; and the end view of another embodiment of the plate member is another implementation of the structural formwork element according to the present invention. The appearance of the example is the other embodiment of the structural formwork element according to the invention. Figure 6 is a section along the line a_a of Fig. 5; n is another implementation of the structural formwork element according to the present invention (4) Appearance of the reinforced 7-piece of the example; - Figure is an appearance view of a reinforced 70 piece of another embodiment of the structural stencil element according to the present invention; Figure 9a is a structural stencil of the present invention Appearance of the reinforcing member of another embodiment; : line - Fig. 9b is an external view of one of the saddles of the reinforcing member as shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 10 is another example of the structural stencil member according to the present invention An end view of a reinforcing element of an embodiment; Figure 11 is a composite floor according to the invention An end view of an embodiment of a slab comprising a structural stencil element according to another embodiment of the invention; FIG. 12 is an end view of another embodiment of a composite floor slab according to the invention, including in accordance with the present invention Another embodiment structural stencil element, ·1, paper size applies 屮丨q specification (2 ί () Χ 297 public 1247441 | A7 B7 7 pieces 28 (10) (more) positive replacement page five, invention description (I4) The Figure is an end view of another embodiment of a composite floor slab according to the present invention, including a structural formwork element in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 14 is a structural formwork on a floor support in accordance with the present invention. Side view of another embodiment of an element illustrating an embodiment of a bridging element in accordance with the present invention; Figure 15 is an end view of the structure shown in Figure 14; and Figure 16 is a side view similar to Figure 14. Another embodiment of a bridging element according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 17 is an end view of the structure shown in FIG. 16; and FIG. 18 is a side view similar to the side view shown in FIGS. 14 and 16. Illustrating the bridging element according to the invention Figure 19 is an end view of the structure shown in Figure 18; Figure 20 is a side view, similar to the side views shown in Figures 14, 16 and 18, which illustrate another of the bridging elements in accordance with the present invention. Embodiments; Figure 21 is an end view of the structure of Figure 20 taken along line 21-21 of Figure 20; Figure 22 is an end view of another embodiment of a structural formwork element in accordance with the present invention; And Figure 23 is an end view of another embodiment of a structural stencil element in accordance with the present invention. The structural stencil elements shown in the drawings are arranged side by side in an overlapping relationship and are temporarily or permanently Illustrated by a structural stencil element supported by a sexual support such as a steel beam, the structural stencil element being used in

17 1247841m 28' A7 B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (15 composite floor panel (4) shots, including structural structural formwork elements and a layer of concrete on the elements.

Figure 1 is a diagram according to Australian Patent No. 707101. This figure illustrates a typical TRUSSDEK structural stencil element 3. The TRUSSDEK structural formwork element 3 shown in Fig. 1 comprises a base member in the form of a profile steel sheet having two parallel ribs 5 and three flat discs 6 extending in the longitudinal direction of the profile steel sheet #. The side of the base member has a male structural member 38 and a female structural member 37'. By inserting the male structural member 38 into the female structural member 37, the adjacent substrate can be connected, and the (four) leakage lap joint . The TRUSSDEK structural stencil element 3 further comprises two reinforcing elements, generally designated 71, which extend along the length of the base element. Each reinforcing element comprises a lattice beam formed by the following components: (a) an upper chord assembly 7, the parallel ribs 5 extending; and (b) a sinus chord assembly 9, welded to the steel sheet and winding The assembly 7, thus interconnecting the steel sheet with the winding assembly 7. The string assemblies 7, 9 are formed from steel bars. The string assemblies 7, 9 and the base member define two trusses. The structural stencil elements shown in Figures 2 through 2 incorporate many modifications made by the inventors to the TRUSSDECK stencil elements. The structural formwork member shown in Fig. 2 includes a base member in the form of a flat plate 6 (not a profile sheet), and a reinforcing member 71 which is in the form of an inverted groove member (not a lattice beam) welded to the flat plate. Applicable to the scorpion! '§ Beijing standard: Correction specification (21 () > & 297 public) 18 1247841 "9lTli - ι 军月曰修 (more) is replacing page -------A7 ^____- Β 7. V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (16) Each trough-shaped element is formed from a rolled steel sheet having an upper wall 33 and two inclined side portions 35 welded to the base member at the lower end. The trough-shaped member is a structural member, and a base portion The elements are provided together to withstand the effects of bending, vertical shear and concentrated forces at the bracket. Additionally, the trough and base elements define a series of impervious cavities 18. The structural formwork elements shown in Figures 3 and 4 Similar to the figure shown in Fig. 2. The reinforcing element of the structural formwork element shown in Figs. 3 and 4 further includes a winding element 39 in the form of a steel plate welded to the grooved element 7丨. In addition, the structure shown in Fig. 4 The stencil element comprises two different sized trough elements 71. This embodiment illustrates the flexibility of the invention. The structural stencil elements shown in Figures 5 and 6 comprise a base element in the form of a profile sheet having a central rib Part 5 and two flat plates 6. Structural formwork elements are also included Reinforcing elements extending along the length of the base member are generally designated 31. Each reinforcing member 31 is positioned in one of the flat discs 6, and comprises: (a) an inverted trough member formed from a rolled steel sheet , having an upper wall 33 and two inclined side portions 3 5 connected to the base member at the lower end; and (b) an upper chord assembly 39 connected to the base portion % of the trough-shaped member. The lower end is formed as an everted flange 41 to increase contact with the profiled steel sheet 3. The flange 41 is welded and/or adhered or otherwise structurally coupled to the base member. 35, along the length of the side of the trough member 'has a series of corrugations 43. Referring to Figure 6, the corrugations 43 include peaks 45 and waves

1247841 prr^~—~-- Year of the month repair (more) is replacing page A7 _ 丨_丨 --^ B7 V. Invention description (17)

Valley 47. Preferably, the depth D of the corrugations 43 is at least 6 mm (note that each direction of the center line of the sheet is 3 mm in each direction), and the wavelength W of the corrugations 43 is 30-60 mm. The corrugations 43 are formed such that the crests 45 and the troughs 47 are laterally staggered in the longitudinal direction of the base member. The purpose of the corrugations 43 is to provide resistance to lateral buckling of the stencil element and to increase load carrying capacity at the reaction position of the cradle. The two side portions 35 of the trough-shaped element include an opening 47 to allow access to the interior of the trough-shaped member, so that wet concrete can flow into the volume defined by the trough-shaped member and the base member when constructing the composite slab, thus filling the volume . The opening 47 is located at approximately half the height of the channel member. Preferably, the bottom of the opening 47 is above the height of the rib 5. The opening is shown as a slot. Preferably, the slot width is no more than 40% of the height of the channel member and the slot aspect ratio is no greater than 2:1 ° Typically, the slot width is 45 mm and the length is 90 mm. Preferably, the channel member has at least 2 〇 min above each slot to provide sufficient shear resistance. A plurality of openings 47 in the side portions 35 are aligned to allow for the positioning of the reinforcing rods/wires/cables (not shown) through the channel members during construction of the composite panel. Both sides of the trough member are near the top end of the trough member and also include a series of small holes 48 to allow air to exit the trough member as it flows into the trough member through the main opening 47. The winding assembly 39 is in the form of a rectangular cross-section steel strip that is welded or adhered to the base 33 of the channel member. The winding assembly 39 is spaced above the base member by the height Η of the channel member. The structure of the trough-shaped element formed by the rolled steel sheet enables the reinforcing element wood paper: 3⁄4

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Month day repair (more) is replacing f A7 »«^··"·τϋΠ_·ιτ靡 when peach exterior material (10) such as j ^ ^ --------- D / V, invention description (18) ~ &quot The steel of ------ is concentrated as far as possible above the base element, while at the same time properly supporting the steel in position. The embodiment of the reinforcing element 3 of Figure 7 is similar in many respects. The embodiment shown in Figures 6 and 6. For example, the embodiment shown in Figure 7 includes a rolled trough member having a base portion 33 and a side portion 35 having an everted flange 41. The main between these embodiments The difference is that the upper chord assembly 39 is of round steel type and is supported by the vent string assembly 4 烊 spliced to the side portion 35 of the trough member. The embodiment of the reinforced element 3 第 shown in Fig. 8 is similar in many respects. The embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 7. For example, the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 includes a rolled trough member having a base portion 33 and side portions 35, and the side portion 35 is formed with an everted flange 41 and an opening 47. There are many differences in these embodiments. For example, the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 also includes stiffening ribs that are pressed from the plane of the side portions 35 of the channel members. 51, instead of the corrugations 43 shown in Figures 5 and 6. The shaft of the stiffening rib 51 is laterally staggered with the length extension direction of the profile steel sheet 3 (not shown). Further, the groove shape of the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 The base portion 33 of the component is machined into a keyhole structure, and the upper chord assembly 39 has a complementary circular cross-section that is received and stopped in the keyhole structure. The embodiment of the stiffening element 31 shown in Figures 9a and 9b is in many Aspects are similar to the embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8. The main difference between these embodiments is that the Figures 9a and 9b include a detachable saddle 81 that mounts the upper chord assembly 39 on the trough member Saddle-shaped A4 specification (2 Ι()Χ2ίΠ公梵) ~7广:一12478411-——- Year and month repair (more) is replacing page ____A7 —-——-_ V. Invention description (19) ' ~*~~---object 81 straddles the base 33 of the trough-shaped element and engages the side 35 of the trough-shaped element at spaced intervals along the length of the trough-shaped element. Saddle 81 Also included is a semi-circular groove 83 that receives and holds the upper chord assembly 39 by snap-fit engagement. By the inwardly extending tab 89, the flank 81 and the side of the trough-shaped member are called Engaged, the tab 89 is formed in the leg portion 87 and extends into spaced apart openings (not shown) of the channel member side portion 35. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 10, the upper chord assembly 39 is in the form of a flat plate. It is welded to the base 33 of the trough-shaped element. Typically, the slab is 5 mm thick. The slab includes wings 74 that are turned up and down. To increase the mechanical interlocking of the concrete, the slab can be deformed (for example, Figure 10) The upturned and downturned sections shown) are corrugated and/or holed. The slab preferably has high flexural stiffness and high tensile and compressive properties in a high lateral stability state. is needed. The structural formwork element shown in Fig. 11 comprises a base element in the form of a profiled steel sheet, with a series of ribs 5 and flat discs 6 and two reinforcing elements in the form of lattice beams, comprising two winding assemblies 7, abdomen String assembly 9 and lower string assembly 8. The reinforcing elements 71 are positioned such that each reinforcing element 71 straddles the outer rib 5 of the base element and the abdominal chord assembly 9 is welded to the two flat discs 6 of the base element. The present invention is not limited to this structure, and extends to a structure in which the reinforcing member is completely positioned in the flat disk 6 as shown in Fig. 5. The width of the left-hand flat disk 6 shown in Fig. 11 is selected to have a sufficient width, and the position of the reinforcing member on the left-hand side is selected to be close to the rib 5 on the side, so that there is an open space for such as Headed studs Paper size 屮kg围家标4,!Specifications (21()>(21)7公好22 1247841

曰修 (more) replacement page A7 B7 V. Invention description (2G) (not shown) Shear connection for welding to the underlying steel beam (not shown) or to other floor supports. The width of the right-hand side flat disk 6 shown in Fig. 11 is selected to be relatively narrow, so that the right-hand side reinforcing member is close to the male structural member 38. With this configuration, in use, the reinforcing elements on the right hand side will be positioned close to the joint between adjacent sheets that are overlapped (and thus interlocked) and support the joint. A standard sized structural formwork element 3 having a stiffening element formed from a 12 mm diameter steel rod and configured such that the upper chord assembly 7 is 12 mm above the flat disc 6, and the vent string assembly 9 of each reinforced element is centered at the base The center spacing is 78 mm, the center-to-center spacing of the reinforcing elements (i.e., the center-to-center spacing of the winding assembly) is 166 mm, and the left hand side reinforcing element is 60 mm from the parent structural member 37. The rib 5 includes a side portion 73 that converges downward and a flat upper wall. The downwardly converging side portions 73 of the ribs 5 facilitate interlocking engagement of the base member with the concrete to aid in establishing longitudinal sliding resistance between the base member and the concrete. In addition, as will be explained in more detail below, the downwardly converging side portion 73 can be used to assist in securing the void forming member 27 on a base member. A structural stencil element 3 having a standard size has a rib 5 having a height of 12 mm above the flat disk 6, and an upper wall having a width of 5 〇 111111. The rib 5 shown in Fig. 11 is a small rib. In the case of the upper chord assembly of the reinforcing element above the flat disc 6, the rib 5 is very small, the rib 5 is also small, the height of the rib 5 above the flat disc 6 and the upper chord assembly above the disc 6 is higher. In particular, the subject matter discussed above

Year-to-day repair (more) replacement page V. Description of the invention (21) For a quasi-sized structural formwork element, the relationship is 12 mm with respect to 120 mm, that is, the rib height is 1% of the height of the upper chord assembly.

In the case of structural stencil elements, a 63 Gmm wide planar slat is rolled to form a 5-sided structural stencil element having the contour profile shown in the figure, i.e., the width is reduced by 79%. The structural formwork element 3 shown in Fig. 11 also includes a plurality of stop elements 19 in the flat disk 6. The stop member 19 facilitates the interlocking of the substrate member with the concrete such that good longitudinal sliding resistance can be established between the base member and the concrete to prevent vertical separation of the base member from the hardened concrete. Additionally, as described below, a stop element can be utilized to assist in securing a void forming member 27 to the base member. The structural formwork member 3 shown in Fig. 11 also includes a cavity forming member 27 between the reinforcing members 71 on the base member. The void forming member 27 is in the form of an inverted trough member having an upper wall 33 and two side portions 35 which are divergent from the upper wall 33 and which are in contact with the base member of the structural formwork member 3. The cavity forming member 27 is held by the stop member 19 on the base member. More specifically, the size of the cavity forming member 27 is selected to have an interference fit between the cavity forming member 27 and the stopper member 19. Alternatively, or in addition, the cavity forming member 27 and the stop member 19 may be provided with tabs (not shown) and openings (not shown),

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Α7 Β7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (22) The cavity forming member 27 may have an open end. Alternatively, the cavity forming member 27 may be formed with a closed end (not shown). For example, the end of the cavity forming member 27 can be closed by an insert such as a polystyrene plug or a steel sheet. When the cavity forming member 27 is positioned on the base member as shown in Fig. 11, the cavity forming member 27 and the base member are between the reinforcing members, and a cavity is defined in the portion of the base member. The purpose of the void is to reduce the following adverse effects. (1) The hydrostatic pressure acting on the base member when wet concrete is poured into the section of the base member between the reinforcing member 71 and the base member, and (2) The weight of the wet concrete required to form the composite slab. Preferably, the void is achieved by occupying this volume and transferring the load of the wet concrete above the cavity to the reinforcing element 71. It is not important that the void is a hollow space. In this regard, the related requirement is that the void is a space that remains a space under the weight of the wet concrete and cannot be penetrated by the wet concrete. Therefore, a void can be defined by a large piece of solid material fixed to the base member, such as styrene. It is also not important that the two holes occupy the full width of the base element section between the reinforcing elements. The requirement is that the void extends across the width of the section - a substantial portion. The structural formwork element shown in Fig. 11 forms a composite of a composite floor slab, which comprises a structural formwork element, a layer of concrete 4 on the structural formwork element, and a transverse reinforcement element. 14. The structural stencil element 3 shown in Figs. 12 and 13 has the above-mentioned six-squares (2丨()>37 gong^7 12478^·^ > · 曰 曰修 (more) Replacement page A7 B7 V. Description of invention (23

The same basic structure of the structural template element 3. The main difference between the structural formwork members 3 of Figs. 11 and 12 is the structure of the cavity forming member 27. More specifically, the cavity forming member 27 is a relatively shallow cavity forming member 27 in the form of a curved sheet of suitable material that is positioned such that the opposite side can be secured by the stop member 19. The use of the shallow cavity forming member 27 results in the use of the structural stencil element 3 in a composite slab structure subjected to bidirectional bending. More specifically, as shown, when there is a two-way bluing motion, as required, the shallow cavity forming member 27 causes the lateral pre-stressed conduit and cable to be placed in the composite slab. Although not shown in Fig. 12, as shown in Fig. 13, the upper and lower lateral reinforcing members 49 can be used in place of the lateral preloading. The shallow void forming member also creates the possibility of positioning the long conduit 44 containing the facility cable in a relatively low position in the slab. The main difference between the structural formwork elements 3 of Figures 11 and 12 and Figure 13 is that The element of Fig. 13 includes a third reinforcing element that sits across the central rib 5, so that a void forming member 27 is not required. Fig. 13 also illustrates that the structural formwork element 3 can be used to secure the structural formwork member to a floor support such as a steel beam. A preferred position of the head bolt 48 (not shown). The structural formwork element 3 shown in Figures 2 through 13 further includes the bridging element at one or both ends, or at multiple locations along the length of the structural formwork element. To facilitate the use of the element to optimally transfer the load to a temporary or permanent stent. Various embodiments of the bridging element are described herein with respect to Figures 14 through 21. In these figures, the bridging element is generally numbered ^ is indicated.

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Γ94 7. 28 years of repair (more) is being replaced by 贞5, invention description (24) In use, in order to build a floor: (a) Many structural formwork elements are positioned in temporary or permanent floor supports 13 on 'such as vertical and horizontal beams, while the bridging element u enables the load to be transferred from the reinforcing element 71 to the floor support 13; and (b) the concrete is poured into the formwork element and forms a plurality of composite floor slabs (eg Figures 11 to 13). Depending on the requirements of any given situation, the structural formwork elements may extend across a span of f between adjacent floor supports 13 and are supported only by the floor supports 13 at the ends, or may span Extending over a plurality of spans, and supported at the ends by the outermost floor support and supported by the intermediate bracket 13 at one or more locations along the length of the structural formwork element. In fact, the span between the floor supports 13 can be 5 m or more. In particular with regard to spans of this order of magnitude, it is important that there is a better load transfer from the structural formwork elements to the floor support 13. Traditionally, structural formwork elements have been constructed at non-construction sites.

It was transported to the construction site. Traditionally, the stiffening element includes a substantially early length of length L (as shown in Figure 14) which is repeated along the length of the structural formwork element. According to the length of the difficult template element, at the - or both ends of the structural closure. Further, the reinforcing member located in the floor bracket m in use may be an end portion of the unit or a portion along a length of the unit. The above is an important consideration because the structure of the reinforcing element η at the structural formwork + end p or intermediate section and just in the floor support m affects the structural formwork elements and the floor The load between the brackets 13 is rubbed with a ruler. The degree cans can be 5 to the city ----------------- .丨u Μ A Xiaolin. (:·丨收:奶公势) ---------------------~:~—ττ-: 1247841 Month repair (more) replacement page

------------------·-Installation...: (If you read the notes on the back and then fill in the meditation) More specifically, the poor load transfer may cause the structure. The strength of the formwork element is reduced and excessive offset or local deformation, especially when the concrete is poured onto the structural formwork to form a composite slab. As explained in the four embodiments shown in Figures 14/15, 16/17, 18/19 and 20/21, the bridging element 11 is connected to at least one end of the structural formwork element and/or the end of the structural formwork element One or more locations between them to allow optimal load transfer from the stiffening element 71 to the floor support. In the case of the embodiment of Fig. 14/15, the bridging element u is a triangular frame 丨 5 formed by bending a length of a steel rod. The frame 丨 5 is welded to the structural stencil element 3: . 丨 (a) the apex 17 of the frame 15 is connected to the upper chord assembly 7 and the vent string assembly 9; and (b) the vertices 20, 21 of the frame 15 are connected to Lower chord assembly 8. The position of the frame 15 is selected such that the base 23 of the frame 15 is above the floor support 13 during use. Optimal positioning of the frame 15 may require cutting and/or bending one or more of the upper chord assembly 7, the lower chord assembly 8, and the abdominal chord assembly 9. The dashed line indicated by the numeral 23 in Fig. 14 illustrates the position of the abdominal chord assembly 9 in the structural template member thus constructed. As is apparent from the drawings, in order to properly position the frame 15, it is necessary to cut the upper chord assembly 7 and the vent string assembly 9 and bend the vent string assembly 9 upwardly into contact with the upper chord assembly 7. In the case of the embodiment of the 16/17 embodiment, the bridging element 11 comprises: (a) a mounting block 29 having a hollow core that receives the winding assembly 7 and is slidable along the winding assembly 7 to the desired position, and then By the abdomen string component A-ltt1, grid (2 j () >< 297 public 炝 124μ月日修船 replacement page Α 7 Β 7

V. Inventive Note (26) 9, or otherwise swaged, welded or otherwise connected to the upper chord assembly 7 at this position; (b) - chord assembly 37, respectively connected to the block 29 at one end and set Extending downwardly from the block 29; and (c) a pair of lower chord assemblies 51 parallel to the core axis of the block and which may be swaged, welded or otherwise joined to the lower chord assembly 8 of the structural formwork element 3. In the case of the 18th/19th embodiment, the bridging element comprises a flat plate 35 which is spot welded to the lower surface of the flat disc 6 of the structural formwork element 3. In the case of the embodiment of Fig. 20/21, the bridging element u is the same triangular frame structure as shown in the embodiment of Fig. 14/15. In the case of the second embodiment of Fig. 21, as shown, the frame 15 is positioned such that the frame base is above the intermediate floor support 13. The structural formwork elements 3 shown in Figures 22 and 23 have in many respects the same basic structure as the structural formwork elements 3 of the preceding figures. Figures 22 and 23 illustrate an alternative to reducing the lateral deflection of the profiled steel section between adjacent reinforcing elements (i.e., bulging downward). Figures 22 and 23 illustrate stacked structural element elements. In these cases, the section of the profiled steel sheet in question is in the adjacent side sections of the interlaminar sheet, including the male structural member 38 and the female structural member 37 forming the sheet lap joint 61. . In the structure shown in Fig. 22, the formwork member includes a structural member in the form of a steel rod 63 connected to the adjacent reinforcing member at the opposite end, and a centrally located coupling member 65 connected to the steel rod 63 at one end. And formed as a hook that engages the lap joint 61. ^

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♦ 1:3⁄4 'Views (::Ι()Χ2ί)7 public) 124784 know, 28-^- car|Moon repair (more) is being replaced page five, invention description (27) shown in Figure 23 In the structure, the structural formwork member includes a structural member in the form of a skeleton of the steel rod 63, which is arranged in a pyramid shape, has a central apex above the lap joint 61, and the steel rod extends downward and outward, the steel rod 63 The lower end abuts against the rib 5 that abuts the reinforcing element. In the two structures shown in Figs. 22 and 23, the steel rod 63 and the skeleton of the steel rod (7) transfer the load to the reinforcing member 71, thereby preventing the stack of the profile steel sheets when the wet concrete is poured onto the profile steel sheet. The section is offset downward. The above embodiments are examples of many possible embodiments of structural formwork elements in accordance with the present invention. Many variations of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. By way of example, although the cavity forming member 27 shown in Figs. 11 and 12 is held by the stopper member 19 to be held by the base member of the structural template member 3, the present invention is not so limited. Rather, it can be generalized to any device that can hold the cavity forming member to the base member. By way of example, while the base member is described as being formed from a steel sheet, the invention is not so limited and the base member can be formed from any suitable metallic or non-metallic material. 1' j-ij Φ Λ '丨Specifications (21()>;:$7 public) ir r

A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (28) Component reference control 3... Structural template element 5... rib 6... flat disk 7... winding assembly 8... lower string assembly 9... belly string assembly 11 ...bridge element 13...floor bracket 15...frame 17,20,21.·. apex 18...cavity 19...stop element 23...base 27...cavity forming member 29...block 33. .. upper wall or base 35... side or plate 37... female structural member or string assembly 38... male structural member 39... winding assembly 40... belly string assembly 41... flange 43...corrugation 44...catheter 45...crest 47...opening or trough 48...孑匕49...transverse reinforcing element 51... stiffening rib 61...lap joint 63...steel rod 65...link Member 71...Strengthened component or trough-shaped element 73...Side 75...Upper wall 79...wing--丨---------------------- ——···*—一_____________________- *·ι 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不 不

Claims (1)

1247841 t On iO· 1 i Yearly repair (more) replacement page: Date of revision: 9310. 11 VI. Application for patent garden: L A structural template component, including: (a) a base member having a profile metal profile having opposite ends and opposite sides, the 5-base member including parallel ribs extending in the longitudinal direction, a plurality of flat plates and edges along the ribs The male and female structural members on the sides of the base member enable the majority of the structural form members to be placed side by side in a heavy-edge relationship, wherein the height of the ribs above the flat disk does not exceed 2高度 of the height of the reinforcing member above the flat plate. %, and wherein the height and number of ribs are selected such that the width of the base member is 8〇% of the width of a flat sheet before forming the rib and forming the base member; and (b) at least one reinforcing member is configured Connected to the base element. 2. The structural formwork element of claim 3, wherein the height of the ribs above the flat plates of the base member is no greater than 20 mm. 3. If you apply for a patent scope! The structural stencil element of the item, wherein the height of the ribs above the flat disk of the base element is no greater than 15 mm. 4. The structural stencil element of claim </ RTI> wherein the base element The height of the ribs above the flat discs is not greater than 10 mm 〇 5. The structural stencil element of claim i, wherein the ribs of the base member above the flat discs The height is not greater than the height of the reinforcing element above the flat disk such as "Hai". 32 1247841 Vi Japanese repair (more) is replacing page 6 · If you apply for patent scope! The structural stencil element of the item, wherein the erecting member comprises a lattice yoke formed by a chord assembly, spaced apart above the base lance string assembly, the belly chord assembly being coupled to the winding assembly and The rib and/or the flat plate of the base member. 7. The structural stencil element of claim 6 wherein the plum beam also includes a lower chord assembly parallel to the upper chord assembly and coupled to the belly chord assembly. , such as the scope of patent application! The structural stencil element of the item, wherein the reinforced element is in the form of a trough-shaped element. The structural stencil element of claim 7, wherein the squat element has an upper wall and two (four), the side portions being connected to the upper wall member, and the base portion is above the base member Separated. 10 - A structural stencil element comprising: 15 (a) - a base member in the form of a foil; and (8) at least - a reinforcing member is structurally connected to the base member in an inverted trough. The structural stencil element of the 1Gth item of the patent scope, wherein the base #70 member is in the form of a flat metal foil. 20. 8. The structural formwork element of claim 4, wherein the base: is in the form of a profile sheet metal and includes parallel ribs extending along the length of the base element = and at the ribs A plurality of knotty elements of the plurality of flat 13m patents, wherein the ribs are small ribs. 33 1247841 Please refer to the structural model 丨°, 11, 12 or ” of the patent range u./ where the 亥 槽 兀 has an upper wall and two sides, the sides are connected to the base element, and the The structural element of the structure of the first aspect of the invention, wherein the trough-shaped element is formed from a rolled metal foil. X θ ': W as claimed in the patent scope A structural stencil element of 15 items, wherein the pure slab is 0.6-1.2 mm thick. Box 17. The structural stencil element of claim 15 wherein the thickness of the rolled slab is 0.6-0.8 mm. 18. The structural stencil element of claim 10, wherein the trough-shaped element has a height of 80-240 mm. 曰 19. The structural stencil element of claim 1 (), wherein the groove The height of the element is 130-240 mm. The structural template element of the first aspect of the invention, wherein the width of the groove element is connected to the base element at the side of the groove element Calculated between 90-190mm between points. 21, such as applying for a patent The structural stencil element of the first aspect, wherein the sides of the slot-fitting member have outwardly turned flanges to improve the connection between the sides of the 〇 element and the base member A structural stencil element as disclosed in claim 10, wherein - or both sides of the trough-shaped member comprise a section stamped or otherwise formed from a side plane to facilitate structural stencil elements The singularity of the singularity provides resistance and increases the shear resistance of the structural stencil elements. 34 1247841 ρΤΈΓΓΤΐ---^― Year and month repair (more) replacement page 23 · Structural stencil element as in claim 22 Wherein the stamping sections are ribs or corrugations at the sides. 24. The structural formwork element of claim 23, wherein the ribs have a transverse axis extending transversely of the base element. 25. The structural formwork element of claim 23, wherein the crests and troughs of the corrugations extend transversely to the length of the base member. * &quot;26&lt;26&gt; Structural a plate member, wherein the channel member and the base member define a watertight void to reduce lateral deflection of the structural formwork member when wet concrete is poured onto the component of the composite slab structure, and/or is completed The composite slab is provided for use in a building such as a telecommunication cable. 27. The structural stencil element of claim 10, wherein one or both sides of the trough member include an opening to allow Adjacent to the interior of the trough-shaped element, wet concrete can flow into the volume defined by the trough-shaped element and the base element during construction of the composite slab. 28. The structural formwork element of claim 1, wherein the side of the channel element includes aligned openings to allow the reinforcement strip/wire/cable to be positioned during construction of the composite slab Crossing extends through the trough-shaped element. 29. The structural formwork element of claim 1, wherein the trough shape further comprises a winding assembly that is mounted to or secured by the trough member. 30. A structural formwork element as claimed in claim 29, wherein the upper 35 1247841 The string assembly is a rod or rod or plate. 31. The structural formwork element of claim 30, wherein the plate has an upturned and/or downturned section to improve mechanical interlocking of the structural formwork element with the concrete in the composite slab. *5 32_.—A structural stencil element comprising: • (a) a base element in the form of a foil; (b) at least one reinforcing element structurally coupled to the base 'component; and (c) one a bridging element attached to one or both ends of the reinforcing element and/or at one or more locations along the length of the reinforcing element to enable direct transfer of load from the reinforcing element to the structure Temporary or permanent support for a stencil element. 33. The structural stencil element of claim 32, wherein the bridging element is in the form of a string assembly coupled to the reinforcing element. 15 34. The structural formwork element of claim 33, wherein the string assembly is in the form of a frame. 35. The structural stencil element of claim 33, wherein the 4-string assembly includes a device that allows the chord assembly to be adjustably coupled to the reinforcing member. 20 36. The structural formwork element of claim 32, wherein the name element is in the form of a panel formed from sheet steel or steel sheet. X '37. The structural stencil element of claim 32, wherein the splicing element is in the form of an elongate member, such as a beam and a plate, which is attached to the base member of the "Hui structural stencil element." 36 1247841 The structural stencil element of claim 32, wherein the reinforced stencil comprises a lattice beam formed by an upper chord assembly and a vent string assembly, the chord assembly The base elements are spaced apart above and the belly string assembly is coupled to the upper chord assembly and the base member. 39. The constitutive stencil element of claim 38, wherein the structural beam also includes a lower chord assembly coupled to the chord assembly in parallel with the upper chord assembly. 40. The structural stencil element of claim 32, wherein the reinforced element is in the form of an inverted trough member. 10 W. The structural formwork element of claim 4, wherein the inverted grooved member has an upper wall and two side portions, the side portions being coupled to the upper wall member, and the base portion is from the base portion The components are spaced apart above. 42. A structural stencil element comprising: (a) a base member in the form of a foil; 15 (b) a plurality of reinforcing members structurally coupled to the base member; and (c) a watertight void, A section of the base 70 member is in contact with the adjacent stiffening element to reduce lateral deflection of the section as the wet concrete is poured into the structural formwork element. 〇 43. A structural stencil element as claimed in claim 42 wherein the void is not used as a structural element. 44. The structural formwork element of claim 42 or 43, wherein the void extends across a substantial portion of the width of the section of the base element between adjacent reinforcing elements. 37 1247841 f oa ίο. Year of the month: day f (more..) is the structure of the stencil element of the 42nd or 43rd patent application, wherein the cavity extends across the adjacent reinforcing element At least 70% of the section of the base element therebetween. 46. The structural formwork element of claim 42 of the patent application, comprising a plurality of 5 voids, along the base element between adjacent reinforcing bodies The lengths of the segments are spaced apart. 47. A structural modular element according to claim 42 of the patent application, comprising a single void & extending along the length of the section of the base element between the adjacent reinforcing elements. 1 〇48 H Please apply the structural formwork element of item 42 of the patent scope, wherein the cavity is small in terms of height so that the element may be used in a composite plate chain structure, the composite slab will be subjected to significant bidirectional bending Movement, so a significant amount of strengthening or pre-stressing is required in the direction transverse to the reinforcing element in order to strengthen the composite slab. ^ 49. A structural stencil element of the scope of the patent application, wherein the cavity is defined by a bulk material that is adhered or otherwise secured to the base component. 5. A structural formwork element as claimed in claim 42 wherein the base member is in the form of a profile foil having a longitudinally extending rib: a flat disk between the ribs. Μ·If the structural stencil element of claim 50 is applied, (i) the hole is defined by the volume, the volume is surrounded by the following element, and (7) the side of the rib of the base element, Or between adjacent reinforcing elements, a portion of the base member that is adjacent to the portion of the base member is repaired (more) positively. The appropriate element, and (3) spaced above the base member and across the A sheet of material that extends and contacts the adjacent ribs or other suitable material. 52. The structural formwork element of claim 50, wherein the void system is defined by a volume surrounded by the following elements: (1) the base member and (2) the shaped sheet material, There are sides that are secured by the ribs or other suitable stop elements of the base element. 53. The structural stencil element of claim 5, wherein the void is defined by a volume surrounded by: (1) the base component and (2) in an upturned position a channel member having a base portion spaced from above the base member and forming a top portion of the cavity, and a side portion of the channel member extending downwardly and structurally attached to the base member, forming the The other two sides of the hole. 54. A composite floor slab blank comprising a structural stencil element of the scope of the patent application and a layer of hardened concrete on the element. 55. A composite slab in the form of a vertical wall panel comprising the structural formwork element of claim 1 and a layer of hardened concrete or other suitable castable panel material on the element. 39 1247841 47 1247841 Η j 6/ eve B