TWI238913B - Transflective liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

A transflective liquid crystal display device is provided which is bright in the transmission mode, high in contrast, designable to be thin, and less dependence on the viewing angle. The transflective liquid crystal display comprises a first substrate having a transparent substrate, a second substrate having a transflective electrode, a nematic liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, a first optical anisotropic element disposed on the first substrate, a polarizer disposed on the first optical anisotropic element, a second optical anisotropic element disposed on the first substrate, and a polarizer disposed on the second optical anisotropic element wherein the first optical anisotropic element comprises a phase difference film fulfilling the specific requirements and the second optical anisotropic element is formed with a liquid crystalline polymeric substance exhibiting positive uniaxial properties.

Description

1238913 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention is applied to 0A devices such as word processors or personal computers, mobile information devices such as electronic manuals, mobile phones, and camera-type VTRs equipped with liquid crystal displays. Both reflective and transmissive liquid crystal display elements. [Prior art] In recent years, liquid crystal display devices have gradually increased their market demand for displays for mobile information terminal devices, while making the most of their thin and lightweight features. Because mobile information terminals are usually battery-driven, reducing power consumption has become an important issue. Therefore, liquid crystal display elements such as mobile applications are particularly focused on reflective liquid crystal display elements that do not use a backlight that consumes a large amount of power, or that are not frequently used, and can achieve low power consumption, thinness, and light weight. A reflective liquid crystal display element is a two-plate reflective liquid crystal display element that uses a pair of polarizing plates to set up a liquid crystal cell, and a reflective plate on the outside. It is widely used for black and white displays. In addition, recently, a polarizing plate one-piece reflective liquid crystal display element using a polarizing plate and a reflecting plate in which a liquid crystal layer is disposed, is brighter in principle and easier to colorize than the polarizing plate two-piece type. It is practical. A polarizing plate is a one-piece reflective liquid crystal display element. In order to make the retardation plate disposed between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell have a slightly circular polarizing plate function, a 1/4 wavelength plate is used, and the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell is further used. The thickness is approximately 1/4 wavelength, and a normal white reflective liquid crystal display element can be realized (for example, refer to Japanese Patent 6 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 JP 6-1 1 7 1 Bulletin No. 1, International Publication No. 9/8/320, etc.). In terms of retardation plates, the use of a 1/4 wavelength plate can impart good circular polarizing plate characteristics, so it has been proposed to use at least: the phase difference of the birefringent light of monochromatic light at 5 5 0 nm is approximately 1/4 wavelength Two or more retardation films composed of a 1/4 wave plate and a 1 / 2-wave plate with a birefringent light phase difference of approximately 1/2 wavelength at 550 nm for monochromatic light (for example, refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1) / 1 0-6 8 8 16). However, such reflective liquid crystal display elements usually perform display by using external light. Therefore, when used in a relatively dim environment, they have the disadvantage that the display is not easy to see. As a technique for solving this problem, there is a proposal to replace a reflective plate in a polarizing plate one-piece reflective liquid crystal display element with a transflective reflective plate having a property of transmitting a part of incident light and a transflective reflective type having a backlight source. A liquid crystal display element (for example, refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 10-2 0 6 8 4 6). In this case, in a state where the backlight source is not “—... —. — **” " " " " " " " " In the environment, you can use the transmission type (transmission mode) to light the backlight. This polarizing plate is a one-piece semi-transmissive reflective LCD display element i. In the transmission mode .....-In the formula, the semi-transmissive reflective layer must be used to pass slightly circular polarized light into the liquid crystal cell. Or a plurality of polymer stretched films typified by polycarbonate, and a circular polarizing plate composed of a polarizing plate, must be disposed between the semi-transmissive reflective layer and the backlight. However, in a transmission mode liquid crystal display element, because the refractive index anisotropy possessed by the liquid crystal molecules, when viewed from an oblique direction, it is essentially impossible to avoid a change in display color or display. Pieces) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 The problem of reduced viewing angle, in the circular polarizer using polymer stretched film, it is essentially difficult to expand the viewing angle. In addition, in terms of mobile information terminal equipment, the demand for thinness and lightening has been increasing in recent years. The components used in the display of mobile information terminal equipment have also strongly demanded to be thin and lightweight, but the polymer stretch film There are limits not only to manufacturing aspects, but also to thinness. In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide a transflective reflective liquid crystal display element which has a bright and high-contrast display in a transmission mode and can be designed to have a thin thickness and a small viewing angle dependency. [Summary of the Invention] The first invention of the present invention relates to a transflective liquid crystal display element, comprising: a first substrate having a transparent electrode; and a transflective reflective electrode formed by a region having a reflective function and a region having a transmissive function A second substrate; a nematic liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first optically anisotropic element disposed on a back surface of a surface adjacent to the liquid crystal layer of the first substrate and One polarizing plate; and a second optical anisotropic element and one polarizing plate provided on the back surface of the surface adjacent to the liquid crystal layer of the second substrate; the first optical anisotropic element is composed of one When a retardation film composed of a polymer alignment film has retardation values at wavelengths (λ) of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm as Re (450), Re (550), and Re (650), respectively, A retardation film composed of the following formulae (I) and (Π),

Re (4 5 0) < Re (5 5 0) < Re (6 5 0) (I) 0. 2 ^ Re (λ) / λ ^ 0.3 (Π) 8 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 The second optical anisotropic element is composed of at least one liquid crystal exhibiting optical positive uniaxiality. The polymer substance is substantially formed, and the liquid crystal polymer substance contains a liquid crystal state. The resulting nematic liquid crystal film (A) was immobilized. Furthermore, the second invention of the present invention is the above-mentioned transflective liquid crystal display element, wherein the second optically anisotropic element is composed of: at least one liquid crystalline polymer exhibiting optical positive uniaxiality The substance i is formed by a substance + substance, and the liquid crystalline polymer substance contains a liquid crystal film (A) in which a nematic mixed alignment formed in a liquid crystal state is immobilized; and at least one polymer stretched film. Furthermore, the third invention of the present invention is the transflective liquid crystal display device described above, wherein the second optically anisotropic element is composed of: at least one liquid crystalline polymer exhibiting optical positive uniaxiality Substance is formed substantially, and the liquid crystalline polymer substance contains a liquid crystal film (A) in which a nematic hybrid alignment formed in a liquid crystal state is immobilized; and at least one piece has high liquid crystallinity showing optical uniaxiality The molecular substance is formed substantially, and the liquid crystalline polymer substance contains a liquid crystal film (B) in which a nematic alignment formed in a liquid crystal state is fixed. Furthermore, the fourth invention of the present invention is the transflective liquid crystal display device described above, wherein the liquid crystal film (A) is a liquid crystal material that is nematically mixed and aligned in a liquid crystal state, and then cooled from this state, and the nematic The liquid crystal film to which glass is fixed is mixed and mixed. In addition, the fifth invention of the present invention is the transflective liquid crystal display device described above, wherein the liquid crystal film (A) is a liquid crystal material that advances in a liquid crystal state 9 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 Row nematic hybrid alignment, and then use the cross-linking reaction to offset the nematic hybrid liquid crystal film to be fixed. In addition, the sixth invention of the present invention is the transflective liquid crystal display element described above, wherein the thickness of the liquid crystal layer between the reflective function region and the transmissive function region is different, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer with the reflective function region is thinner than that of the transmissive liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer in the functional region is thick. Furthermore, the seventh invention of the present invention is the above-mentioned transflective liquid crystal display element, which adopts an electrically controlled birefringence (Electrically Controlled Birefringence, ECB) method. Furthermore, the eighth invention of the present invention is the transflective liquid crystal display device described above, and adopts a twisted nematic (TN) method. Furthermore, the ninth invention of the present invention is the above-mentioned semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element, which adopts a hybrid alignment nematic (H y b r d A 1 i g n e d N e m a t i c, H A N) method. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The transflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention is composed of a polarizing plate, a first optically anisotropic element, a liquid crystal cell, a second optically anisotropic element, a polarizing plate, and a backlight. If necessary, a light diffusion layer, a light control film, a light guide plate, and a pr i sm sheet may be further added. This type of liquid crystal display element can be used in two modes of reflection mode and transmission mode by providing a backlight in the rear. Next, a liquid crystal cell used in the present invention will be described. The liquid crystal cell used in the present invention is composed of the following components: a first substrate having a transparent electrode and a transparent electrode 1031W invention specification (supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913; A second substrate having a semi-transmissive reflective electrode formed in the region; and a nematic liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal cell includes a semi-transmissive reflective layer formed by a reflective function region and a transmissive function region, and the reflective function region will become a reflective display section that performs reflective display, and the transmissive function region will become a transmissive display section that performs transmissive display. . The liquid crystal layer of the reflective display portion of the liquid crystal cell is preferably thicker than the transmissive display portion. The reason is explained below. First, when the liquid crystal layer thickness is set to a layer thickness suitable for reflective display, the transmission display of the transmission display section will be described. When the setting of the liquid crystal layer suitable for reflective display is performed, the amount of change in the polarization state derived from the alignment change in the external field such as the electric field of the liquid crystal layer is for the incident light to pass through the liquid crystal layer from the observer's end. After the layer is reflected, after passing through the liquid crystal layer again, it is emitted from the viewer's end, so that it can go back and forth to the liquid crystal layer to obtain a sufficient degree of contrast. However, in this setting, the amount of change in the polarization state of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer through the display portion is insufficient. Therefore, even if a polarizing plate is additionally provided on the observer side of the liquid crystal cell used for reflective display, and the polarizing plate used only for the transmissive display is viewed from the observer side, it is arranged on the back of the liquid crystal cell, but it is still not available on the transmissive display portion. Full display. That is, when the liquid crystal alignment conditions are set to the liquid crystal layer alignment conditions suitable for the reflective display section, the transmission display section will show insufficient brightness, or even if the brightness is sufficient, the transmittance of the dark display is not reduced, so that The display cannot be fully contrasted. 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 11 1238913 Furthermore, if it is explained in detail, when the reflection display is performed, the light having passed through the liquid crystal layer only about a quarter of a wavelength will be given. In the phase difference method, the liquid crystal alignment state in the liquid crystal layer is controlled by the applied voltage. In this way, if the thickness of the liquid crystal layer suitable for reflective display is to perform voltage modulation (m 0du 1 ati ο η) that imparts phase modulation of 1/4 wavelength and perform transmissive display, the transmissive display portion is used for dark display. When the transmittance is sufficiently reduced, the polarizing plate at the light emitting end will absorb about half of the light when the transparent display portion is in bright display, and a sufficient bright display cannot be obtained. In addition, if the transmission display section is configured to increase the brightness during bright display, and the arrangement of optical elements such as a polarizing plate and phase difference compensation plate is performed, the brightness of the transmission display section during dark display will be brighter. The brightness is about 1/2 of the brightness, and the contrast of the display will be insufficient. Conversely, in order to set the thickness of the liquid crystal layer to a condition suitable for transmission display, it is necessary to perform voltage modulation on the liquid crystal layer in such a manner that a phase difference of 1/2 wavelength is given to the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective display portion must be smaller than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display portion in a display with high resolution and excellent visibility both in reflected light and transmitted light. Preferably, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective display portion is preferably about 1/2 of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display portion. Examples of the liquid crystal cell method include a twisted nematic (TN) method, a super twisted nematic (STN) method, an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) method, and a horizontal direction. In-Plane Switching (IPS) method, vertical alignment (Vertical 12 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913

Alignment (VA) method, Optically Compensated Birefringence (0CB) method, Hybrid Aligned Nematic (HAN) method, Axially Symmetric Aligned Microcell (ASM), halftone grayscale (halftone) grayscale) method, domain divided method, or a display method using a ferroelectric liquid crystal or an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal. In the case of the TN method, the twist direction of the liquid crystal layer may be left-handed or right-handed. The twisting angle is preferably below 90 degrees, especially below 70 degrees. When it is more than 90 degrees, there is a fear that an undesirable phenomenon in which the liquid crystal display element is attached with an unnecessary color may occur. In addition, the driving method of the liquid crystal cell is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a passive matrix method used in STN-LCD, etc., and a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) electrode, TFD (Thin Film Doide) electrode, etc. Any driving method, such as active matrix method and plasma addressing method. The transparent electrode system constituting the liquid crystal cell is only required to display the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer, and the orientation is not particularly limited as long as the orientation is in a specific orientation direction. Specifically, a transparent substrate having the property of aligning liquid crystals, although the substrate itself lacks the ability to align, can be any transparent electrode provided with an alignment film or the like having the property of aligning liquid crystals. In addition, the electrode of the liquid crystal cell may be a known one such as I T 0. The electrode can usually be placed on the surface of the transparent substrate adjacent to the liquid crystal layer. When a substrate with an alignment film is used, it can be placed between the substrate and the alignment film. 13 312 / Instruction of the Invention (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 The material that does not show the liquid crystal properties of the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited. For example, ordinary low-molecular liquid crystal materials that can constitute various liquid crystal cells , Polymer liquid crystal substances, and these mixtures. In addition, as long as the liquid crystallinity is not impaired, a pigment, a c h i r a 1 agent, a non-liquid crystal substance, or the like may be added. There are no particular restrictions on the area of the transflective reflective electrode that has a reflective function (hereinafter referred to as the "reflective layer"). Examples include metals such as Ming, silver, gold, chromium, platinum, alloys containing them, and oxidation. An oxide such as magnesium, a dielectric multilayer film, a liquid crystal exhibiting selective reflection, or a combination thereof. The reflective layers may be flat or curved. In addition, the reflective layer may be processed into a surface shape such as a concave-convex shape so as to have a diffuse reflectance, an electrode on the electrode substrate that has both an observer end and a back end of the liquid crystal cell, or a combination thereof. The polarizing plate used in the present invention is not limited as long as it can reach the purpose of the present invention, and ordinary ones used in liquid crystal display elements can be appropriately used. Specifically, a hydrophilic polymer film composed of a PVA system such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or a partially acetalized PVA, or a saponified product of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, etc., can be used by adsorbing iodine. And / or a polarizing film in which a dichroic pigment is stretched, and a polarizing film made of a polyolefin alignment film such as a PVA dehydrated product or a gaseous dehydrochlorinated product. Alternatively, a reflective polarizing film may be used. This polarizing plate can use a polarizing film alone, and for the purpose of improving the strength, improving the moisture resistance, and the heat resistance, a transparent protective layer or the like can be provided on one or both sides of the polarizing film. The transparent protective layer may be, for example, a transparent plastic film such as polyester or triethyl cellulose, laminated directly or through an adhesive layer, 14 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 Fabric layer, light-curable resin layer such as acrylic or epoxy. When these transparent protective layers are coated on both sides of the polarizing film, different protective layers may be provided on both sides. The first optically anisotropic element used in the present invention is configured by setting retardation values at wavelengths (again) of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm to Re (450), Re (550), and Re (650), respectively. At this time, a retardation film is composed of one polymer alignment film satisfying the following formulae (I) and (Π).

Re (4 5 0) < Re (5 5 0) < Re (6 5 0) (I) 0.2 ^ Re (A) /A^0.3 (n) satisfies the above formula (I), that is, the shorter the wavelength A retardation film composed of one polymer alignment film having a smaller retardation value can be obtained by using a polymer alignment film that satisfies the following conditions (A) or (B). (A) having the following (1) to (3) alignment films, (1) a monomer unit (hereinafter referred to as a "first monomer unit") containing: a monomer compound forming a polymer compound having positive refractive index anisotropy; A thin film composed of a polymer compound that forms a polymer compound having a negative refractive index anisotropy polymer compound (hereinafter referred to as a "second monomer unit"); (2) a film based on the first monomer unit The Re (450) / Re (550) of the polymer compound is smaller than the Re (450) / Re (550) of the polymer compound based on the second monomer unit; and (3) each has a positive refractive index Anisotropy. (B) the following (1) to (3) an alignment film, (1) a monomer unit (hereinafter referred to as a "first monomer unit") comprising: a polymer compound having a positive refractive index anisotropy; 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 15 1238913 and polymer unit that forms a monomer unit (hereinafter referred to as "second monomer unit") that forms a polymer compound with negative refractive index anisotropy Film; (2) Re (450) / Re (550) of the polymer compound based on the first monomer unit is larger than Re (450) of the polymer compound based on the second monomer unit / Re (550); and (3) has negative refractive index anisotropy. An example of a condition that satisfies the conditions (A) and (B) above is the one that satisfies the following conditions (C) and (D). (C) It has the following (1) to (3) alignment films, (1) a polymer compound composed of a polymer compound having a positive refractive index anisotropy and a polymer compound having a negative refractive index anisotropy A polymer and / or a copolymer composed of a monomer unit forming a polymer compound having positive refractive index anisotropy and a monomer unit forming a polymer compound having negative refractive index anisotropy Thin film; (2) Re (4 50) / Re (550) of the polymer compound having positive refractive index anisotropy is smaller than that of polymer compound having negative refractive index anisotropy R e (4 5 0) / R e (5 5 0); and (3) has positive refractive index anisotropy. (D) having the following (1) to (3) alignment films, (1) a polymer compound composed of a polymer compound having a positive refractive index anisotropy and a polymer compound having a negative refractive index anisotropy A polymer and / or a copolymer composed of a monomer unit forming a polymer compound having positive refractive index anisotropy and a monomer unit forming a polymer compound having negative refractive index anisotropy Thin film; (2) R e (4 5 0) / Re (55 0) of the polymer compound having positive refractive index anisotropy, which is larger than R of the polymer compound having negative refractive index anisotropy e (4 5 0) / R e (5 5 0); and (3) has positive refractive index anisotropy. The so-called "polymeric compound with positive or negative refractive index anisotropy" here refers to the polymer 16 312 / Invention Clipper) that imparts an alignment film with positive or negative refractive index anisotropy) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 compounds. In the present invention, as described above, the polymer alignment film used in the first optically anisotropic element may be composed of a polymer blend or a copolymer. The polymer material constituting the polymer alignment film need only belong to a blended polymer or copolymer satisfying the above-mentioned conditions. The polymer material can be a thermoplastic polymer having excellent heat resistance, excellent optical properties, and solution-forming films. For example, one can be appropriately selected from polymers such as polyacrylate-based, polyester-based, polycarbonate-based, polyolefin-based, polyether-based, polysulfide-based, polylithic, and polyetherstone JiL-based polymers. 2 or more. Among them, if the water absorption of the alignment film is not less than 1% by weight, it will cause practical problems when used as a retardation film. Therefore, it is best for the film material to meet the water absorption of the film below 1% by weight (especially 0.5% by weight or less) is an important aspect. If it is a blended polymer, from the viewpoint of requiring optical transparency, it is preferably a miscible blend or a refractive index of each polymer compound. The specific combination of the blended polymer may include, for example, a polyfluorenyl acrylate of a polymer compound having negative optical anisotropy, a polyvinylidene fluoride, a polycyclic ring, and a polymer compound having positive optical anisotropy. Ethylene oxide, or combination of vinylidene oxide-trifluoroethylene copolymers; polyphenylene ethers with polymer compounds with positive optical anisotropy, polystyrenes with polymer compounds with negative optical anisotropy, benzene Ethylene-lauric acid maleimide copolymer, styrene-cyclohexyl maleimide diimide copolymer, or styrene-phenyl maleimide diimide copolymer; with negative optical isotropy Anisotropic styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and polycarbonate with positive optical anisotropy; or positive optical 17 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 anisotropic propylene The nitrile-butadiene copolymer and the acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer having negative optical anisotropy are not limited to these. In particular, in terms of transparency, a combination of polystyrene and polyphenylene ether such as poly (2,6-difluorenyl-1,4-phenylene ether) is preferred. In the case of such a combination, the proportion of the polystyrene is preferably 67% by weight or more and 75% by weight or less. In addition, the copolymer may be, for example, butadiene-styrene copolymer, ethylene-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate Copolymers, polyester copolymers, polyester carbonate copolymers, polypropylene resins and the like. In particular, in order to make a segment having a fluorene skeleton into negative optical anisotropy, it is preferable to use a polycarbonate copolymer, polyester copolymer, polyester carbonate copolymer, polyacrylate copolymer, or the like having a fluorene skeleton. Polycarbonate copolymers prepared by reacting bisphenols with carbonate-forming compounds such as phosgene (Ph osgene) or diphenyl carbonate, which are excellent in transparency, heat resistance, and productivity, and are particularly suitable for use . The polycarbonate copolymer preferably contains a copolymer having a fluorene skeleton structure. The alignment film material of the present invention is preferably formed by an alignment film of a polycarbonate composed of a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1) and a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2), and the formula (1) The repeating unit shown represents 30 to 90 mole% of the entire polycarbonate, and the repeating unit represented by formula (2) is a material of 70 to 10 mole% of the overall polycarbonate.

312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 18 1238913

In the above formula (4), R! 7 ~ Ri9, R2 !, and R22 are each selected from a hydrogen atom, an i atom, and a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 22, respectively. R 2 0 and R 2 3 refer to a group selected from independent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and A r is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. 312 / Explanation for invention (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 19 1238913 This material is copolymerized with a repeating unit with a fluorene skeleton represented by the above formula (1) and a polycarbonate formed by the repeating unit represented by the above formula (2) And a blend polymer of a polycarbonate composed of a repeating unit having a fluorene skeleton represented by the above formula (1) and a polycarbonate copolymer composed of a repeating unit represented by the above formula (2). In the case of a copolymer, two or more kinds of repeating units represented by the formulae (1) and (2) may be combined, and in the case of a composition, the two or more kinds of repeating units may be combined respectively. In the above formula (1), R! To R 8 are groups selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which are independent of each other. Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and cyclohexyl, and aryl groups such as phenyl. Among them, a hydrogen atom methyl group is preferred. In the above formula (2), R 9 to R 1 6 are each a group selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, which are independent of each other. Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms include alkyl groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and cyclohexyl; aryl groups such as phenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl . Among these, a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are preferred. In the above formula (4), R 1 7 to R 1 9, R 2 1, and R 2 2 are selected from hydrogen atoms, _ atoms, and hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 2 2 carbon atoms, which are independent of each other. base. Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms include alkyl groups having 1 to 9 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and cyclohexyl; aryl groups such as phenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl . Among these, a hydrogen atom and a methyl group are preferred. R2. And R23 refer to a group selected from independent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and A r is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group and a $ group. The content ratio of the above formula (1) (that is, the composition of the copolymer in the case of a copolymer, and the blending composition ratio in the case of a composition of 20 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913) 3 to 9 mol% of carbonate as a whole. When it is out of this range, the absolute value of the phase difference is not shorter and shorter at the measurement wavelength of 4 0 to 7 〇 n m. The content ratio of the formula (1) is preferably 35 to 85 mol% of the entire polycarbonate, and more preferably 40 to 80 mol%. Among them, the above-mentioned molar ratio-independent copolymers and blended polymers can be obtained by, for example, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device in the entire polycarbonate as a whole constituting the alignment film. The polycarbonate of this material is preferably a polycarbonate copolymer and / or a polycarbonate composition (doped with a repeating unit represented by the following formula (5) and a repeating unit represented by the following formula (6) Polymer).

In the above formula (5), R 2 4 and R 2 5 are groups selected from the independent hydrogen atom or methyl group; in the above formula (6), R 2 6 and R 2 7 are groups A group independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Z refers to a group selected from the group represented by formula (7).

312 / Description of the Invention (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 21 1238913 Furthermore, among the copolymers composed of the repeating units represented by the following formulae (8) to (1 2), the ratio of the repeating units (1 2) is the most It is preferably 40 to 75 mole%. In a copolymer composed of repeating units represented by the following formulae (9) and (12), the ratio of (1 2) is preferably 30 to 70 mole%. In a copolymer composed of repeating units represented by the following formulae (1 0) and (1 2), the ratio of (1 2) is preferably 30 to 70 mole%; in the following formulae (8) and ( In the copolymer composed of the repeating unit shown in 1 1), the ratio of (1 1) is preferably 40 to 75 mol%.

(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) The best materials are bisphenol A [BPA, corresponding to the above formula (8)] and biscresol hydrazone [BCF, corresponding to the above formula (1 2)] Copolymer or polymer blend, or 312 / Instruction Manual (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 22 1238913, and the blending ratio of these components is the BCF content rate of 5 5 ~ 75 5 mol% It is preferably 55 to 70 mole%. These materials can get closer to the ideal λ / 4 plate or λ / 2 plate. The above-mentioned copolymer and / or blended polymer can be produced by a known method. As the polycarbonate, for example, a method of polycondensation polymerization of a dihydroxy compound and phosgene, a melt polycondensation method, or the like can be suitably used. In the case of blending, a miscible blend is preferred. Even if they are not completely miscible, if the refractive index between the components is blended, the phenomenon of light scattering between the components can be suppressed and the transparency can be improved. The limiting viscosity of the polymer compound of the polymer alignment film of the present invention is preferably 0.3 to 2.0 d 1 / g. If the viscosity is lower than this, it will become fragile and cannot maintain the mechanical strength. On the other hand, if the viscosity is higher than this, the solution viscosity will be excessively increased, which will cause die 1 ine in the solution filming, etc. Problems, and the refining at the end of polymerization will also tend to be a difficult problem. The polymer alignment film of the present invention is preferably transparent, the haze value is preferably less than 3%, and the total light transmittance is preferably more than 85%. In addition, the glass transition temperature of the polymer alignment film material is preferably 100 ° C or more, and more preferably 120 ° C or more. In addition, UV absorbers such as phenylsalicylic acid, 2-hydroxybenzophenone, and terphenyl phosphate, or blue inks (b 1 u i n g a g e n t) for changing colors, antioxidants, etc. may be added. The polymer alignment film of the present invention is a film in which the above-mentioned thin films such as carbonates are aligned by stretching or the like. As a method for manufacturing the film, a known melt extrusion method, a solution casting method, or the like can be used, but from the viewpoint of uneven film thickness and appearance, the solution casting method is preferably used. The solvent in the solution casting method, 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 23 1238913 can be suitably used, such as dichloromethane, dioxolane, and the like. In addition, although a well-known stretching method can also be used as the stretching method, the longitudinal uniaxial stretching is most preferably used. For the purpose of improving the elongation in the film, phthalic acid diphthalate, phthalic acid diester, dibutyl phthalate and the like may be contained in known plasticizers; tributyl Phosphate ester phosphate esters; aliphatic dibasic esters, glycerol derivatives, diol derivatives, and the like can also be used to stretch the organic solvent used in the film formation of the film during stretching. The amount of the organic solvent is preferably from 1 to 20% by mass based on the polymer solid content. In addition, the plasticizer, liquid crystal, and other additives can change the retardation wavelength dispersion of the polymer alignment film. The addition amount is preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or less. The film thickness of the polymer alignment film is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 1 μm to 4 0 μm. In order to make the retardation of the polymer alignment film shorter and shorter, it is necessary to have a specific chemical structure. Most of the phase difference wavelength dispersion is determined by the chemical structure, but it should also be noted that it will vary depending on the extension conditions and doped state. The polymer alignment film satisfies the expression (Π) in particular because it can constitute a superior one-quarter wavelength plate (λ / 4 plate) having one alignment film and less wavelength memory. 0.2 ^ Re (A) /A^0.3 (n) The second optical anisotropic element used in the present invention is a liquid crystalline polymer substance (specifically, display optical properties 312) that exhibits optical positive uniaxiality. / Invention Manual (Supplements) / 92-10 / 92121964 Haoyi B, etc. The residues must be combined according to the following scholasticism 24 1238913 Uniaxial liquid crystal polymer compounds, or at least one kind of high liquid crystal The molecular compound exhibits an optically positive uniaxial liquid crystal polymer composition), and contains at least the liquid crystal polymer compound or the liquid crystal polymer composition. The average tilt angle formed in the liquid crystal state is A liquid crystal film (A) having a nematic hybrid alignment structure at 5 ° to 3 ° and an immobilized liquid crystal film (A) has a phase difference of a quarter of a wavelength in the visible light region. The so-called "nematic hybrid alignment" herein means that the liquid crystal molecules are nematically aligned. At this time, the angle between the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules and the plane of the film is different from that of the film. Therefore, it can be said that the angle between the pointing direction and the plane of the film is different near the upper interface and near the lower interface, so the angle will continuously change between the upper and lower sides of the film. In addition, the film in which the nematic mixed alignment state is fixed is such that the liquid crystal molecules are directed in different directions in all directions in the film thickness direction. Therefore, when the film is viewed from the structure of the film, the optical axis does not exist. Furthermore, the "average tilt angle" in the present invention refers to the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules point in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal film. The average value of the angle formed with the film plane. The liquid crystal film provided by the present invention is an absolute value of the angle formed between the pointing direction and the plane of the film near one of the interfaces of the film, usually an angle of 20 ° ~ 90 °, preferably an angle of 30 ° ~ 70 ° At the back of the face, the absolute value is usually 0 ° ~ 20 °, preferably 0 ° ~ 10 °, and the absolute value of the average tilt angle is usually 5. ~ 4 5. It is preferably 7 ° ~ 40 °, especially 10 ° ~ 38 °, and more preferably 15 ° ~ 35 °. 312 / Instruction of the Invention (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 25 1238913 When the average tilt angle deviates from the above range, there may be undesirable phenomena such as contrast reduction, so it is best not to. The average tilt angle can be obtained by a crystal rotation method. The liquid crystal film (A) constituting the second optically anisotropic element used in the present invention is only formed substantially from a liquid crystal polymer substance exhibiting optical positive uniaxiality, and the liquid crystal polymer substance is In the liquid crystal state, the formed nematic mixed alignment state may be fixed, and the manufacturing method is not particularly limited. For example, the low-molecular-weight liquid crystal can be formed into a nematic hybrid alignment in a liquid crystal state, and then the obtained liquid crystal film can be fixed by photo-crosslinking or thermal cross-linking, or a polymer liquid crystal can be formed into a nematic state After the alignment is mixed, the liquid crystal film obtained by fixing the alignment is cooled again. In addition, the so-called "liquid crystal film" in the present invention refers to whether or not the film itself is liquid crystalline, and the low-molecular liquid crystal, ~, and liquid crystal substance are formed into a thin film. Invaded. In addition, the liquid crystal film (a) can improve the viewing angle of the transflective liquid crystal display element. Although the thickness of the film depends on the form of the target liquid crystal display element or various optical parameters, it cannot be generalized. However, it is usually in a range of 0.2 μm to 10 μm, preferably in a range of 0.3 μm to 5 μm, and more preferably in a range of 0.5 μm to 2 μm. When the film thickness is less than 0.2 μm, it may not be able to obtain a sufficient compensation effect. Conversely, if the film thickness exceeds 10 μm, the display may have an unnecessary color adhesion phenomenon. Next, using FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the optical anisotropic element composed of the liquid crystal film (A) is placed above and below, and the inclined side of the optical anisotropic element 26 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 direction and the pre-tilt direction of the liquid crystal cell layer are defined as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, when an optical anisotropic element composed of a liquid crystal film (A) is used above and below the vicinity of a film interface of the liquid crystal film (A) constituting the optical anisotropic element, If the angle between the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules and the plane of the film is defined separately, set the angle formed by the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules and the plane of the film to be an acute angle end and form an angle of 20 to 90 degrees as the b-plane. The surface at an acute angle end and forming an angle of 0 to 20 degrees is set as the c-plane. When the c-plane is seen from the b-plane of the optically anisotropic element through the liquid crystal film layer, the angle formed between the liquid crystal molecules pointing direction and the projection component of the c-plane toward the pointing direction becomes an acute angle direction. And the direction parallel to the projection component is defined as the oblique direction of the optically anisotropic element. Secondly, in FIG. 3, usually in the unit interface of the liquid crystal cell layer, the driving low-molecular liquid crystal does not have a parallel state to the unit interface but an inclined state with a certain angle. This angle is generally referred to as a pre-tilt angle; The direction formed by the liquid crystal molecules of the cell interface and the angle formed by the projection component on the interface of the pointing direction is an acute angle direction, and the direction of the projection component parallel to the pointing direction is defined as the pre-tilt direction of the liquid crystal cell layer. In addition, the second optical anisotropic element may be a liquid crystal film (B) that is fixed in combination with other polymer stretched films or nematically aligned. The polymer stretched film is a substance exhibiting uniaxiality or biaxiality. For example, polycarbonate (PC), polymethacrylate (PMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Japanese synthetic rubber ( Stretched film such as ARTON (trade name) film. In this case, a combination of a single liquid crystal film 27 312 / Invention (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 and a polymer stretched film is most practically practical if the cost increase is a concern. The liquid crystal film (B) is only required to be in a state where the nematic alignment state is fixed, and may be formed of any type of liquid crystal. For example, after the low-molecular liquid crystal is formed into a nematic alignment in a liquid crystal state, the obtained liquid crystal film may be fixed by photo-crosslinking or thermal cross-linking, or after the polymer liquid crystal is formed into a nematic alignment in a liquid crystal state. And the liquid crystal film obtained by fixing the alignment after cooling. In addition, the so-called "liquid crystal film (B)" in the present invention is the same as the liquid crystal film (A), which refers to those obtained by thinning liquid crystal materials such as low-molecular liquid crystal and high-molecular liquid crystal, regardless of whether the film itself is liquid crystal . Furthermore, the liquid crystal film contained in the second optical anisotropic element may be used as a liquid crystal film alone, or a transparent plastic film that is designed to support a substrate may be used. When the liquid crystal film is used alone, after the liquid crystal film is laminated on the transparent plastic film such as polyester or triethyl cellulose used in the production of the polarizing plate, it is integrated with the polarizing plate. Can be made. The retardation value (product of the birefringence Δη and the film thickness d) of the second optically anisotropic element of the present invention will be described. The in-plane apparent retardation value when viewed from the normal direction of the liquid crystal film (A). In a film with nematic hybrid alignment, the refractive index parallel to the direction of orientation (hereinafter referred to as "ne") and the refractive index in the vertical direction. (Hereinafter referred to as "η 〇") is different. When the summation value of η 〇 from ne is set as the apparent complex refractive index, the apparent retardation value is the apparent complex refractive index and Product of absolute film thickness. This apparent retardation value can be easily obtained by using polarized optical measurement such as an ellipsometry (e 1 1 i p s 0 m e t r y). 312 / Invention Note (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 28 1238913 The second optical anisotropic element described above is divided into a case where the liquid crystal film (A) is composed only of a liquid crystal film (A) that has a nematic mixing and deflection fixed, and a liquid crystal. A case where the film (A) is combined with a polymer stretched film or a nematic liquid crystal film (B), and the two cases will be described. When the liquid crystal film (A) is only composed of a nematic-mixed liquid crystal, the apparent retardation value of the liquid crystal film (A) is usually set to 70 nm by monochromatic light with respect to 5 50 nm. In the range of 180nm (preferably 90nm ~ 160nm, especially in the range of 120nm ~ 150nm), superior circular polarization characteristics can be obtained. When the apparent retardation value is lower than 70 nm or greater than 180 nm, the phenomenon that color does not need to be attached to the liquid crystal display element may occur. When a liquid crystal film (A) is combined with a polymer stretched film or a liquid crystal film (B), as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1 0-0 6 8 8 16, it is monochromatic at 5 50 nm. The retardation of the birefringent light of the light is a quarter wave plate of approximately 1/4 wavelength, and the retardation of the birefringent light of a monochromatic light at 5 50 nm is a retardation of a half wave plate of approximately 1/2 wavelength. Bonding can be performed with the retardation axes crossing, and good circular polarization characteristics can be obtained. The retardation value of the 1/4 wavelength plate is usually in the range of 70nm to 180nm, preferably 90nm to 160nm, and more preferably in the range of 120nm to 150nm. The retardation value of the 1/2 wavelength plate is usually in the range of 180nm ~ 320nm, preferably 200nm ~ 300nm, especially in the range of 220nm ~ 280nm. If the retardation range of the 1/4 wave plate and the 1/2 wave plate deviates from the above range, the liquid crystal display element may adhere to an unwanted color. The angle formed by the retardation axis of the 1/4 wave plate and the retardation axis of the 1/2 wave plate is usually 40 ° ~ 90 ° at the acute angle end, preferably 50 ° ~ 80 29 312 / Invention Specification (Supplementary Document) ) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 degrees, especially in the range of 55 to 75 degrees. One by one ^ * · --------------- One by one ~ …… —.—— Liquid crystal film (A) immobilized with nematic hybrid alignment can be used for 1/4 wavelength plate , Can also be used in 1/2 wave plate. When the liquid crystal film (A) is used in the case of a 1/4 wave plate, it is only necessary to use a polymer stretch film or a liquid crystal film (B) in the 1/2 wave plate, and when the liquid crystal film (A) is used in In the case of a 1/2 wavelength plate, it is only necessary to use a polymer stretch film or a liquid crystal film (B) for the 1/4 wavelength plate. A case where the second optically anisotropic element uses only one liquid crystal film (A) for a transflective liquid crystal display element will be described. The liquid crystal film (A) is preferably disposed between the second substrate of the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate. Here, the arrangement conditions of the liquid crystal film (A) will be described with reference to Fig. 6. In the liquid crystal cell 15 of Fig. 6, a straight line overlapping the pre-tilt direction of the upper substrate and a straight line overlapping the pre-tilt direction of the lower substrate are assumed. The two straight lines are projected on the same plane. At this time, of the four angles formed by the intersection of the straight lines as the center, the two angles at the acute angle ends are respectively drawn to form a straight line with a left-right symmetrical angle. This straight line is defined as a bisector in the present invention. In addition, when a line overlapping the pre-tilt direction of the upper substrate and a line overlapping the pre-tilt direction of the lower substrate overlap each other (that is, the straight lines are in a parallel state), this overlapping straight line will become the so-called in the present invention. Second line. The angle formed between the bisector and the straight line component based on the tilt direction of the liquid crystal film (A) is usually preferably set to an absolute value of 0 degrees to 30 degrees (preferably 0 degrees to 20 degrees, 0 degrees to 10 degrees is preferred, and slightly 0 degrees is preferred). When the angle between the two is greater than 30 degrees, it may be impossible to obtain a sufficient viewing angle compensation effect of 30 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913. Next, a case where the second optical anisotropic element is a combination of one liquid crystal film (A) and one polymer stretched film or one liquid crystal film and is used for a transflective liquid crystal display element will be described. The liquid crystal film (A) is preferably arranged in the same manner as in the case where only one sheet is used. In other words, it is preferable that the tilt direction of the liquid crystalline polymer in the liquid crystal film and the direction of the above-mentioned bisector are approximately consistent. The angle between the tilt direction and the pre-tilt direction is preferably in the range of 0 degrees to 30 degrees, more preferably in the range of 0 degrees to 20 degrees, and even more preferably in the range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees. In the transflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention, the light diffusion layer, the back light source, the light control film, the light guide plate, and the cymbal are not particularly limited, and a well-known person can be used. The transflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention may be provided with other constituent elements in addition to the aforementioned constituent elements. For example, by attaching a color filter to the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, a color liquid crystal display element capable of performing multi-color or full-color display with high color purity can be manufactured. (Industrial Applicability) The transflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention has a bright and high-contrast display in a transmission mode, can be designed in a thin state, and has a feature of less dependence on field of view. (Preferred Embodiment) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail using examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these. In addition, the delay And of this embodiment is set to a wavelength and a value of 5 50 n m without any further restrictions. 31 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 (Example 1) The outline of the transflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 4. The structure of the related embodiment 1 is described with reference to FIG. 5. On the second substrate 8, a reflective electrode 6 formed of a material having a high reflectance such as A 1 and a transparent electrode 7 formed of a material having a high transmittance such as I T 0 are designed. A counter electrode 4 is provided on the first substrate 3. A liquid crystal layer 5 made of a liquid crystal material showing a positive dielectric anisotropy is interposed between the reflective electrode 6 and the transparent electrode 7, and the counter electrode 4. A first optically anisotropic element 2 and a polarizing plate 1 are provided on the back surface on the side of the counter electrode 4 on which the first substrate 3 is formed, and on the back side of the surface on which the reflective electrode 6 and the transparent electrode 7 of the second substrate 8 are formed, A second optical anisotropic element 9 and a polarizing plate 10 are designed. A backlight 11 is provided on the back of the polarizing plate 10. A nematic hybrid alignment with an average inclination angle of 28 degrees in the film thickness direction was produced, and the fixed film thickness was 0.77 μm liquid crystal film 1 3, and the following TN-type transflective reflection type was produced using the arrangement shown in FIG. 5. Liquid crystal display element. The 15-series liquid crystal material used is ZLI-1 6 9 5 (Merck). The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 3.5 μm in the reflective electrode region 6 (reflective display), and in the transparent electrode region 7 (transmissive display). ) Is 4. Ομπι. The pre-tilt angle of the double interface of the substrate of the liquid crystal layer is 2 degrees, the twist angle of the liquid crystal cell is 70 degrees left-handed, and the Δ nd of the liquid crystal cell is approximately 230 nm in the reflective display portion and approximately 2 6 2 in the transmission display portion. nm. A polarizing plate 1 (thickness of about 180 μm; SQW- 8 6 2 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is disposed on the observer end (above the figure) of the liquid crystal cell 15, and is disposed between the polarizing plate 1 and the liquid crystal cell 15. With the first optical anisotropic element 2, the 32 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 The first optical anisotropic element 2 satisfies the requirements (I) and (Π) of the present invention. Teijin (Strand) uniaxially stretched polymer stretch film (product name: Bias) 2. The Δ n d of the polymer stretched film 2 is approximately 12 0 n m. In addition, the second optical anisotropic element 9 is arranged behind the liquid crystal cell 15 as viewed from an observer, and a liquid crystal film 13 and a polymer stretched film 14 composed of a uniaxially stretched polycarbonate film are arranged. Further, a polarizing plate 10 is arranged on the back. The Δnd of the liquid crystal film 13 with the mixed nematic bias structure fixed was 135 nm, and the And of the polymer stretched film 14 was 275 nm. The absorption axes of the polarizing plates 1 and 10, the retardation axis of the first optical anisotropy 2 and the polymer stretched film 14, the pretilt direction of the interface of the liquid crystal cell 15 and the tilt direction of the liquid crystal film 13 It is configured according to the conditions shown in FIG. 6. Figure 7 does not show the contrast ratio of the transmissivity ratio (white display) / (black display) of the white display when the display is white and the black display is 6 V in the transmission mode. Figure 8 shows the transmittance viewing angle characteristics when the backlight is on (transmission mode), from white display 0 V to black display 6 V, according to the left and right direction when displaying in 6 color levels. Figure 9 shows the backlight When the source is on (transmission mode), the transmittance viewing angle characteristics in the up and down direction from 6 to black display 0 V to black display 6 gradation display. Figures 7 to 9 show that, especially in the transmission mode, (Excellent viewing angle characteristics.) (Example 2) A nematic hybrid deflection with an average inclination angle of 28 degrees in the film thickness direction was produced, and the film thickness was fixed by 33 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 〇. 6 〇 μ m liquid crystal film 1 3, using the configuration shown in Figure 5 to produce the following ECB-type transflective reflective liquid crystal display elements. The liquid crystal cell 1 6 series liquid crystal material used ZLI-1 6 9 5 (M erck company), the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective electrode region 6 (reflective display portion) is 2.1 μm, The transparent electrode region 7 (transmissive display portion) is 4.9 μm. The pretilt angle of the double interface of the substrate of the liquid crystal layer is 2 degrees, and the Δ nd of the liquid crystal cell is approximately 1 3 8 nm in the reflective display portion and in the transmissive display portion. A homogeneous alignment of approximately 3 2 1 nm. A polarizing plate 1 (thickness of about 180 μm; SQW- 8 6 2 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is arranged on the observer end (above the figure) of the liquid crystal cell 16, and the polarizing plate is Between the liquid crystal cell 1 and the liquid crystal cell 16, a first optical anisotropic element 2 is arranged, and the first optical anisotropic element 2 is a Teijin (stock) manufacturing sheet that satisfies the requirements of the formula (I) and formula (Π) of the present invention. Axially stretched polymer stretched film (product name: Bias) 2. The Δnd of polymer stretched film 2 is approximately 1 15 nm. Furthermore, the second optical anisotropic element 9 is a mixed nematic device. The Δnd of the liquid crystal film 13 fixed to the polarizing structure 13 is 105 nm, and the And of the polymer stretched film 14 is 270 nm. The absorption axes of the polarizing plates 1 and 10, the first optical anisotropy 2 and the polymer stretch The retardation phase of the thin film 14, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell 16 interface, and the thin liquid crystal The tilt direction of the film 13 is configured according to the conditions shown in Fig. 10. As shown in Fig. 11 when the backlight is on (transmission mode), the transmittance ratio of 0 V in white and 6 V in black ( White display) / (black display) is set to contrast, and a comprehensive comparison chart. 34 312 / Instruction Manual (Supplements) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 Figure 1 2 shows when the backlight is on (transmission mode) ), 6 V is displayed from t to black, and the transmission angle characteristic in the left and right direction when displaying in 6 color levels. Figure 1 3 shows that when the backlight is on (transmission mode), it turns from white! 6 V is displayed in black, and the transmission characteristics in the up-down direction when displayed in 6 levels. It can be seen from Figs. 1 to 13 that the E C B type is also like the T N type, and has particularly excellent viewing angle characteristics in transmission. (Comparative Example 1) As shown in the layout diagram of FIG. 14, except that instead of the liquid crystal film 13, 17 (Δ nd is approximately 1 3 0 n in) is used, and Δ nd of the polycarbonate 14 is set to the liquid crystal cell 1 5 The polarizing plate 10 on the back side, the absorption axis of 10, the retardation phase of the stretched film, and the retardation phase of the film are in accordance with the conditions shown in FIG. 15, and the rest are the same as in Example 1. The liquid crystal display element is manufactured. When the backlight is turned on (transmission mode), the transmittance ratio (white display) / (black display) of 6 V for white and black display is set as a comprehensive comparison chart. Figure 17 shows the transmission angle characteristics when the backlight is turned on (transmission mode), displaying 6 V from 从 to black, and displaying left and right according to the .6 color gradation display. Figure 18 shows the transmission characteristics when the backlight is on (transmission mode), displaying 6 V from rud to black, and up and down in 6-level display. For viewing angle characteristics, perform Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964? Display 0 V over-rate field of view! Shows 0 V to polycarbonate in angle-of-view mode) 2 6 〇 nm? Polymer extended configuration 0 shows 0 V, contrast, while f shows 0 V over-rate field of view t shows OV rate field of view angle comparison. 35 1238913 If the iso-contrast curves in all directions are followed according to FIG. 7 and FIG. 16, then it is known that a wide viewing angle characteristic is obtained by using the liquid crystal film 1 with a mixed nematic structure. In addition, regarding the left, right, up, and down characteristics of the shortcomings of the transmission mode, comparing Figs. 8 and 9 with Figs. 17 and 18 shows that the liquid crystal film with a mixed nematic structure can greatly improve the inversion characteristics ( Comparative Example 2) As shown in the layout diagram of FIG. 14, except that instead of the liquid crystal film 13, 17 (Δ nd is approximately 110 nm) is used, and Δ nd of the polycarbonate 14 is set on the back of the liquid crystal cell 16 The polarizing plates 10 on the side, the absorption axis of the polarizing film, and the retardation phase axes of the stretched films 14 and 17 are in accordance with the conditions shown in FIG. 19, and the rest are manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2. The liquid crystal display element is shown in FIG. When the backlight is turned on (transmission mode), the transmittance ratio (white display) / (black display) of 6 V for white and black display is set as a comprehensive comparison chart. Figure 21 shows the transmission angle characteristics when the backlight is turned on (transmission mode), displaying 6 V from white to black, and the left and right directions when displaying in 6 color steps. Figure 2 shows the transmission characteristics when the backlight is on (transmission mode), displaying 6 V from white to black, and up and down in 6 color steps. With respect to the viewing angle characteristics, Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are compared in all directions. If the curves are compared according to FIG. 11 and FIG. 20, it is known that by using a liquid crystal film with a mixed nematic structure 1 3 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 ί * Comparison of I, you can get the specific characteristics of the color scale. Polycarbonate》 270 nm, polymer extended configuration 〇 Show 0 V, contrast, and show 0 V over-rate field of view Show OV-rate field of view angle comparison. By comparison, you can get a wide viewing angle characteristic of 36 1238913. In addition, regarding the gradation characteristics of the left and right and up and down directions that constitute the shortcomings of the transmission mode, comparing Figs. 12 and 13 with Figs. 2 and 2 2 shows that by using a liquid crystal film with a mixed nematic structure, Significantly improves reverse characteristics. In this embodiment, although the experiment is performed in the form of a colorless filter, if a color filter is provided in the liquid crystal cell, it is of course possible to perform good multi-color or full-color display. [Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the tilt angle and twist angle of liquid crystal molecules. Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram of an alignment structure of a liquid crystal film constituting a first optically anisotropic element. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a pre-tilt direction of a liquid crystal cell. Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transflective liquid crystal display element of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transflective liquid crystal display element of Examples 1 and 2. Fig. 6 is a plan view showing the angular relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell, the retardation axis of the polymer stretched film, and the tilt direction of the liquid crystal film in Example 1. Fig. 7 is a contrast diagram when the transflective liquid crystal display element of Example 1 is viewed from all directions. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the viewing angle characteristics of the transmittance of left and right directions when the semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element of Example 1 is displayed in 7 color steps from 0V to 6V.

FIG. 9 shows the vertical and horizontal azimuth transmittance viewing angles when the transflective liquid crystal display element of Example 1 is displayed from 0V 37 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 to 6V in 7 color steps. Characteristic diagram. Fig. 10 is a plan view showing the angular relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell, the retardation phase axis of the polymer stretched film, and the tilt direction of the liquid crystal film in Example 2. Fig. 11 is a contrast diagram when the transflective liquid crystal display element of Example 2 is viewed from all directions. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the viewing angle characteristics of the transmittance of left and right azimuth when the semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display device of Example 2 is displayed from 0 V to 6 V in 7 color steps. FIG. 13 is a view showing the viewing angle characteristics of the transmissive and transmissive liquid crystal display element of Example 2 in the vertical direction when the display is from 0V to 6V in 7 color steps. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transflective liquid crystal display element of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Fig. 15 is a plan view showing the angular relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell, and the retardation axis of the polymer stretched film in Comparative Example 1. FIG. 16 is a contrast diagram when the transflective liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 1 is viewed from all directions. FIG. 17 is a graph showing the viewing angle characteristics of the transmittance of left and right azimuths when the transflective liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 1 is displayed in 7 color steps from 0V to 6V. FIG. 18 is a graph showing the viewing angle characteristics of the transmissivity of the transflective liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 1 from 0 V to 6 V in 7 gradations. FIG. 19 is a plan view of the angular relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell, and the retardation phase axis of the polymer stretched film in Comparative Example 2. 0 38 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 FIG. 20 is a contrast diagram when the transflective liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 2 is viewed from all directions. FIG. 21 is a graph showing the transmissive viewing angle characteristics of the transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 2 from 0 V to 6 V in 7 color steps. FIG. 22 is a transmission angle viewing angle characteristic diagram of the transflective liquid crystal display element of Comparative Example 2 in the upper and lower positions when displaying from 0V to 6V in 7 color steps. (Description of element symbols) 1,10 Polarizing plate 2 First optical anisotropic element 2, 14, 17 Molecularly stretched film 3 First substrate 4 Counter electrode 5 Liquid crystal layer 6 Reflective electrode 6 Reflective electrode area 7 Transparent electrode 7 Transparent electrode Area 8 2nd substrate 9 2nd optical anisotropic element 11 backlight 12, 15, 1 6 liquid crystal cell 13 liquid crystal film 39 312 / Invention Manual (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964

Claims (1)

1238913 Patent application scope: / 1. A transflective reflective liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate with a transparent electrode; and a transflective reflective electrode formed by a reflective functional area and a transmissive functional area A second substrate; a nematic liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first optical anisotropic element and a polarizing plate provided on a back surface of a surface adjacent to the liquid crystal layer of the first substrate; And a second optical anisotropic element and a polarizing plate provided on the back surface adjacent to the surface of the liquid crystal layer of the second substrate; the first optical anisotropic element is aligned by one polymer; When the retardation film composed of the film is set to Re (450), Re (550), and Re (650) at the wavelengths (λ) of 450ϋΐη, 550ηι, and 650nm, respectively, the following formula is satisfied: (I) and (Π) composed of a retardation film, Re (4 5 0) < Re (5 5 0) < Re (6 5 0) (I) 0.2 ^ Re (A) /A^0.3 ( n) The above-mentioned second optical anisotropic element is a liquid crystalline polymer substance that exhibits optically positive uniaxiality in at least one sheet. It is formed, and the liquid crystal containing high-molecular substance The liquid crystal-based film (A) mixing a nematic alignment formed to be immobilized in a liquid crystal state. 2. The semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element according to item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the second optically anisotropic element is composed of the following: substantially at least one sheet exhibits high optical liquid crystal with positive uniaxiality The liquid crystal polymer material is formed of a molecular substance, and the liquid crystal polymer material contains a liquid crystal film (A) in which a nematic mixed alignment formed in a liquid crystal state is immobilized; and at least one polymer stretched film. 40 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 3. For the semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element under the scope of patent application, the second optical anisotropic element is composed of the following : It is substantially formed of at least one liquid crystal polymer substance exhibiting optical positive uniaxiality, and the liquid crystal polymer substance contains a liquid crystal film (A) in which a nematic mixed alignment formed in a liquid crystal state is fixed. And formed of at least one liquid crystalline polymer substance exhibiting optical positive uniaxiality, and the liquid crystalline polymer substance contains a liquid crystal film (B) which fixes the nematic alignment formed in the liquid crystal state. . 4. The semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element according to any of items 1 to 3 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the above-mentioned liquid crystal film (A) is a liquid crystal material that is nematically aligned in a liquid crystal state, and then from this state. After cooling, the nematic mixture is biased toward the glass-immobilized liquid crystal film. 5. The semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element according to any of items 1 to 3 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the above-mentioned liquid crystal film (A) is used for nematic mixing and alignment of the liquid crystal material in a liquid crystal state, and then using The side reaction mixes the nematic mixture to the liquid crystal film to be immobilized. 6. If the transflective liquid crystal display element of item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the thickness of the liquid crystal layer with the reflection function region and the transmission function region are different, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer with the reflection function region is thinner than the above. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer with a transmission function region. 7. For the semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element under the scope of the patent application, the electronically controlled birefringence (ECB) method is adopted. 8. As for the semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display element 41 in the scope of the patent application, 41 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964 1238913 Display element, HAN), the use of twisted nematic (T wisted N ematic, T N) Method 9. If the semi-transmissive reflection type liquid crystal device of the first patent application scope is a hybrid alignment nematic (Hybrid A 1 igned N emat i < method). 42 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 92-10 / 92121964