I I234633 故、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本無明係有關一種在内邵導通將來自外部的光從特定光 射出面射出之導光裝置及使用該裝置之例如液晶顯示裝置 等顯示震置。 【先前技術】 在先雨的顯示裝置中，如使用包含側光源的背光之透過 型液晶顯示裝置、使用前光源的反射型液晶顯示裝置等， 搭載白色的冷陰極管或白色的LED(發光二極體）進行液晶 顯示。 圖17係具有習知的側光型背光之導光裝置的一般構成圖。 在圖17中，導光裝置丨〇〇係具備有：具有厚度的板狀之導 光板101、配設在該導光板1〇1的光出射面與相反面侧的反 射板102、沿著導光板101的端面相對向配設的光源反射板 103以及導光板1 〇 1與光源反射板丨〇3間所配設的冷陰極管 104 ° 導光板101係具有在箭頭L方向射出光的光射出面。來自 該光射出面的光之射出方向係藉由將散亂圖案印刷在背面 (反射板102侧的面）之方法或在其背面製作凹凸的形狀加以 控制。 配置反射板102的目的在於：雖朝向箭頭L的方向射出來 自導光板101的光，但藉由反射與其光射出面相反的相反面 侧之漏出光使其回到導光板1〇1，而有效利用光。 光源反射板103係用以反射來自冷陰極管1〇4的光，、， ""Hi 86706 1234633 t 政入射至導光板1 Ο 1。 冷陰極管1 0 4為外部光源。此外，在近年來急遽普及的^一 動電話裝置中多使用白色LED(發光二極體）作為外部光源 。此時，當冷陰極管104置換為白色LED時，因為LED特有 的指向性，而不需光源反射板103。 使用該白色LED的優點為：與冷陰極管丨04比較，不需要 光源反射板1 0 3 ’藉此可使液晶顯示器的空間更為節省進而 小型化，亦不需在冷陰極管104設置必要的反相電路，使價 格較低。 又，亦可使用紅、綠、藍色的led光源取代白色的lED ’由於該優點在於使用色純度高的光源，因此所獲得的圖 像亦成為色純度高的鮮明圖像。 反之，在使用紅、綠、藍色的LED時，為使顏色不均消 失’需要混色成為白色之特別構成。該特別的構成例如有 :兩片導光板型式（參照圖18)或180度折返型式（參照圖19) 等。此外，即使是白色LED，與所發光的面積相對;lED的個 數較少時，將導致亮度不均因此必須為特別的構成。 圖18係習知的兩片導光板之導光裝置的一般構成圖。 在圖18中，導光裝置200係具備有：具有厚度的板狀之前 方導光板201、作為前方導光板2〇1的光源之led群202、具 有與㈤方導光板201相對向配設的厚度之板狀的後方導光 板203及作為後方導光板2〇3的光源之led群204。 在㈤方導光板201的下侧端面入射有例如依照紅 LED202a、綠 LED202b、藍 LED202C並列成一行LED 群 202 86706 1234633 的光，在前方的導光板201下侧一半處混合紅、綠及藍色光 作為白巴光，孩白色光從上側一半處射出至箭頭方向；L。此 時，光的射出區域（上侧—半處的面）係藉由前方導光板 的背侧（後方導光板203側）所形成的散亂圖案進行控制。 與此相同，在後方導光板2〇3的上侧端面射入：例如依紅 LED204a、綠LED2〇4b、藍LED2〇4c之順序並列成—行的 LED群204的光，在後方的導光板2〇3上側一半處混合紅、 %及監巴光作為白色光，從下侧一半處射出該白色光至箭 七、方向L此時，光的射出區域（下侧一半處的面）係藉由後籲 方寸光板20 j的3面侧（與前方導光板2〇丨側相反侧）所形成 的散亂圖案進行控制。 如此，將一片的導光板分割為上下各一半的區域，作為 混合複數顏色的區域與光射出區域，藉由使用兩片（前方導 光板201及後方導光板2〇3)可在該導光板混合複數色，獲得 色差少的導光裝置200。 圖19係習知的18〇度折返型式之導光裝置的一般構成圖。 在圖19中，導光裝置3〇〇係具備有：具有厚度的板狀之主籲 導光板301、具有與主導光板3〇1的下侧區域相對配設的厚 度I板狀的色混合導光板3〇2、作為色混合導光板3〇2的光 源之LED群303、將LED群3〇3的光導入至色混合導光板3〇2 之90度反射構件304、從色混合導光板3〇2將光18〇度折返到 主導光板3〇1侧之180度反射構件3〇5。 主導光板3 01係將光射出至箭號方向乙。 色混合導光板302係混合來自LED群3〇3的複數顏色（三原 86706 1234633 色）之光。 LED群 303係依紅 LED303a、綠 LED303b、藍 LED303c之 順序例如並列複數個成為一行之構成。 90度反射構件304以藉由反射LED群303的光改變90度方 向射入至色混合導光板302的上侧端部之方式導入。 此外，雖不經由90度反射構件3 04，而直接將LED群3 03 之光入射至色混合導光板3 0 2的上侧端面之構成例，但這是 考慮到放出來自LED群303的發熱，如圖19所示，構造上以 將LED群303安裝在橫向（水平方向）較佳。 180度反射構件305係將在色混合導光板302混合的光從 色混合導光板302的下側端面射出，並藉由反射其射出光改 變180度方向，導入並射入至主導光板301的下侧端面。 然而，上述的習知兩片導光板型式（參照圖18)中，LED 群202、204的配置成為上下兩處，使用LED群202、204中 任一群，無法取得僅在單侧使用一行之配置。亦即，即使 在任一行的LED群中有足夠的個數（明亮度）時，兩片導光板 型式係LED群202、204的配置成為上下兩列，又，為減少 個數而間隔設置LED時，將成為亮度不均或色差的主因。 再者，於前方導光板201及後方導光板203的上侧一半處與 下侧一半處難以控制明亮度使之相等，特別是在重疊的部 分完全變亮或完全變暗，而難以控制明亮度。再者，由於 前方導光板201及後方導光板203的各色混合區域有所謂導 光板一半的區域之限定，因此在畫面尺寸小的面板上無法 取得可充分混合的距離，成為亮度不均或色差的主因。 1234633 又，在上述習知的180度折返型式（參照圖19)中，由於色 混合導光板302的長度足夠，因此可減少亮度不均或色差， 雖鮮決上述兩片導光板型式的課題，但由於改變從色混合 導光板302至主導光板301的180度光的方向之180度反射構 件3 05的光利用效率不佳，導致犧牲明亮度。該光利用效率 不佳的主因有：90度反射構件304及180度反射構件3〇5之反 射率低的程度或反射光的控制不完全。具體而言，係反射 來自色混合導光板302的光180度方向轉換，使應進行至回 王導光板301側的光返回，例如即使入射至主導光板3〇ι亦籲 因未滿足臨界角的條件而穿過。這是引起局部亮度不均之 主因。再者，考慮放熱而將LED群303的各LED配置在橫向， 時，即使疋90度反射光的9〇度反射構件3〇4亦因為相同的原 因而使光利用效率下降。 【發明内容】 本發明係用以解決上述習知的問題者，目的在於提供一 種可降低使用複數個光源時的亮度不均或色差，且可有效 率改變光的進行方向之導光裝置及使用該裝置之顯示裝置。 本發明的導光裝1，係I來自％源的光射入至導光板且 =特定的光射出面射出光者，其特徵在於，在該導光板的 一万端面與光源間設置有特^角度改變該光源光的方向， 且將光源光導人至該導光板的—方端面之^三棱鏡，在該 導先板與第1三棱鏡間介存有氣體層，藉此，可達成上述目 的0 又，本發明的導光裝置 係將來自光源的光射入至導光 86706 -10 - 1234633 板且從特定的光射出面射出光者，其特徵在於，該導光板 係在厚度方向配設有第1導光板與第2導光板，在該第丨導光 板與第2導光板的各一方端面間配設有特定角度（例如9〇度 X2=l 80度）改變來自一方的導光板之光的方向，並導入至 另一万的導光板之第2三棱鏡，在該第丨導光板及第2導光板 與第2二棱鏡間各介存有氣體層，藉此，可達成上述目的。 再者，本發明之導光裝置的導光板的另—端面與光源間 除了設置上述第1三稜鏡之外，另設置有特定角度改變該光 源光的方向且將光源光導入至該導光板的另一端面之第1鲁 二棱鏡，在該第1三棱鏡與該導光板間介存有氣體層。 又，本發明之導光裝置的導光板係在厚度方向配設有上· 述第2導光板與第3導光板，在該第2導光板與第3導光板的 各另一端面間除了配設上述第2三棱鏡之外，另配設有特定 角度（例如90度X2=180度）改變來自—方的導光板之光的方 向，且導入至另一方的導光板之第2三棱鏡，在該第2導光 板及第3導光板與該第2三稜鏡之間各介存有氣體層。 而且，本發明之導光裝置的第3導光板係與上述第i導光_ 板並設。 又，本發明之導光裝置的一方端面與另一方端面係相對 向。 而且，本發明之導光裝置的第2三棱鏡係以兩個三稜鏡構 成，在該兩個三棱鏡之間介存有氣體層。 再者，在本發明之導光裝置中，在兩個三棱鏡間介存有 平行平面板，該平行平面板與該兩個三棱鏡間分別介存有 86706 -11 - i 1234633 秦 氣體層。 "本盔明之導光裝置中，在與上述第1導光板的一 7场面相對的另—方端面與光源間設置有#定角度改變該 光，光的万向且將光源光導入至該第1導光板的另-端面 '第棱叙，在该導光板與第1三棱鏡間介存有氣體層。 再者，在本發明的導光裝置中，在與第1導光板的一方端 面相㈣另—方端面與光源間、以及在與上述第3導光板的 、\ 4面相對的一方端面與光源間，設置有特定角度改變 d光源光的万向且將光源光導入至該第i導光板及該第3導_ 光板的一方端面之各第丨三棱鏡，在該導光板與第丨三棱鏡 間介存有氣體層。 又，在本發明的導光裝置中，至少一部份在上述第1導光 板與第2導光板之間，以與該第2導光板的上述特定之光射 出面相反侧的面相對向之方式配置有反射構件。 此外，本發明的導光裝置之導光板以與上述特定光射出 面相反側的面相對的方式配置有反射構件。 又，在本發明的導光裝置使上述三稜鏡及導光板通過的籲 光路中，來自該光射出面的光所入射的光入射面之面積大 於光射出面的面積。 在本發明的導光裝置之三稜鏡及導光板的光射入面與光 射出面至少一部份覆著有反射防止膜。 本發明的導光裝置之導光板的厚度從光源離光路愈遠變 得愈薄。 在本發明的導光裝置之三棱鏡的剖面為等腰直角三角形 86706 -12 - 1234633 ’ 90度改變光的方向。 在本發明的導光裝置之三棱鏡的斜面侧配設鏡子構件或 反射構件。 在本务明的導光裝置之二棱叙的斜面與上述鏡子構件或 反射構件之間介存有氣體層。 本發明的導光裝置之光源為三原色的發光二極體群。 再者，本發明之導光裝置係至少一部份與外部氣體遮斷。 又，本發明之導光裝置與外部氣體遮斷的部分封入乾燥 氮氣。 此外，本發明之顯示裝置，使用上述導光裝置作為顯i 光源’藉此，達成上述目的。 根據上逑構成，說明本發明的作用。 在本發明中，在具備有光源與導光板的導光裝置中，名 來自光源的光與導光板的光路間介存有第丨三棱鏡，且由灰 在導光板與第1三棱鏡間介存有氣體層，因此可獲得有效筹 地使光的進行方向變化之導光裝置。而且，使用複數色的 光源成為白色光時亦可降低亮度不均或色差。 由万、在第1導光板與第2導光板的光路間1 8〇度改變光 路=第一2三土棱鏡（兩個三棱鏡）’且在第ι導光板及第2導光板 與弟2三棱鏡之間以及兩個三棱鏡間介存有氣體層的間隙 ，因此可獲得有效率使光的進行方向變化的導光裝置。而 且’即使在使用複數色的光源作為白色光時亦可降低亮度 不均或色差。 再者，若以從兩端面(-方端面與另-方端面的兩端面) 86706 13 Ϊ234633 比，可形 ，且在兩 ，因此即 的導光板 比較較大 漏洩而有 入射光之方式，與僅從一方端面射入光之情況相 成更明亮的面光源。 而且，由於在兩個三棱鏡之間介存平行平面极 個三棱鏡與平行平面板之間介存有氣體層的間隙 使在兩片導光板分離而構成時’亦可防止從一方 漏线光等至另一方的導光板，可有效傳播光。 再者’由於光射入面的面積與光射出面的面積 ，因此即使光學構件的間隙大時，亦可防止光的 效傳播光。 部份由 反射之損 失抑制在最低限度 、導光板或三稜鏡的光射入面與光射出面之至少 於係以反射防止膜覆著，因此可將氣體層的界面 又’由於導光板的厚度離光源愈遠變得愈薄，因此可會 現薄型化、輕量化且獲得高效率的導光裝置。 一、 而且，由於三棱鏡的剖面大致為等腰直角三角形，因此 使導光效率提昇。 又’由於在三棱鏡的斜面配設鏡子，因此從三稜鏡的斜 面側漏淺的光全部回到三棱鏡，可獲得導光效率高的導光 裝置。 又，由於在二稜鏡的斜面與鏡子間設置氣體層的間隙， 因此在滿足臨界條件時利用界面的反射，在未滿足界面條 件時利用鏡子反射。因此，成為導光效率更佳的導光裝置。 由於使用發光二極體作為光源，因此具有指向性，更多 的光線滿足臨界條件。因而，可獲得高導光效率的導光裝 86706 -14- 1234633 再者，由於導光裝置至少-部份與外部氣體遮斷，因此 可排除對於塵埃或水氣等的光學構件產生不反影響的主因 ’可獲得具有穩定的光學特性之導光裳置。 在人寸光农置的外邯氣體遮斷的部分若封入乾燥氮 ^則可防止產生發霉，又，排除因溫度差而結露，可獲 传更％足的光學特性之導光裝置。 ，再者由使用上述導光裝置，可獲得光的利用效率非 常優良的顯示裝置。 【實施方式】 以下，參照圖面詳細說明本發明的導光裝置之實施形態」 至 10。 “ (實施形態1) 圖1係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態1的概略構成斜視圖。 此外，在此為了在說明上容易瞭解，各構件的大小或配 置的間隔係放大表示。 /圖1卜該導光震置_具備有：具有厚度之板狀的導 、'板11、光的万向為特定角度例如進行9〇度改變的三棱鏡 i2(第1三棱鏡）及複數個光源之led群。 導光板11係具有將光射出至箭頭方向L的光射出面。該光 射出面的光^射出万向係藉由將散亂圖案印刷在背面例或 在該背面製作凹凸的形狀進行控制。 三棱鏡12係剖面騎腰直角三角形的棱鏡 些微的間隙，與導光柘U ,A L n w ., 的上側‘面相對向配設。此外， 喻〇6 -15 - 1234633 導光板11及三稜鏡12的光學 光學構件的周圍以氣體充滿 I相對向面間亦存在氣體層 層。 構件之折射率設為1.49，上述 。亦即，三棱鏡12與導光板“ 。該氣體層為折射率丨的空氣 光源（紅 c的順序 led_係依照混合紅、、綠、藍色成為白色之紅 LED) 13a、綠光源（綠LED) 13b、藍光源（藍LED) 13 例如複數個横向並列成一行而構成。 三棱鏡12及導 圖2(a)至圖2(d)係模式顯示從led群13至 光板11内之光的前進方向。 首先、，在圖2⑷中，光垂直進入與三棱鏡12不是斜面的面 。垂直進入三棱鏡12的光線抵達該斜面時引起反射，從導 光㈣的上侧端面lla進入。這是因為_三棱鏡12的斜= 心角度與三棱鏡12斜面之法線ρ相對以45度入射，且折射率 1大於折射率1.49之臨界角42.2度，因此滿足臨界條件，對 於與入射角相同的法線Ρ以45度的角度反射之緣故。此外， 由於光線垂直進入三稜鏡12與導光板丨〗之相向的面，因此 該間隙並無影響。 繼而，在圖2(b)中，與三棱鏡12不是斜面的面之法線Q相 對，具有度的傾斜之光線射入至上側。以3〇度的傾斜入 射的光在氣體與三棱鏡12的界面折射，並以具有丨9.6度的 傾斜入射’抵達三稜鏡12的斜面。與此時的射面之法線ρ 相對的角度為64.6度大於臨界角，因此相同地，與三稜鏡 12的法線P相對在64.6度的角度反射。雖然該反射的光線係 進入導光板11的上侧端面Π a且抵達導光板11的壁面，但是 86706 -16 - 1234633 > 該角度與壁面的法線R相對具有70.4度的角度，由於大於臨 界角5因此反射並傳達至導光板1丨。此外，和三棱鏡12與 導光板Π之相對面相對，光線以19 6度進入。這是因為小 於臨界條件的角度，因此可不考慮該間隙的影響。 再者’在圖2(c)中，光線以更大的角度入射至三稜鏡12 的不是斜面的面。光線的入射角為45度。在氣體與三稜鏡 1 2的入射面之界面折射，從其入射面具有2 8.3度的傾斜入 射並抵達導光板11側的三棱鏡12之界面。此時與法線S相對 的光線之入射角度為61.7度大於臨界角，因此光線在與法 線S相對61.7度的角度反射。該光線抵達三棱鏡12的斜面， 由於琢光線的角度與法線p相對為16 7度的角度而射出至 外部。 又’在圖2(d)中’朝向與圖2(c)的光線之方向相反的方向 與法線Q相對，在45度角度使光入射至三稜鏡12。此時，光 、泉與氣la及二棱鏡12的入射面之法線q相對，在28 3度入射 並在其界面折射，與三稜鏡12的斜面相對在16 7度的角度 抵達，因此，此時光線應從三棱鏡丨2射出至外面。 凌此雖然有因為所入射的角度無法入射至導光板1J而 f出到外面的光線，因此與光線的臨界角度之反射的鏡部 等金屬反射相比，可獲得高效率的反射。 (實施形態2) 本實施形態2中，除了上述實施形態!的構成之外，在 三j鏡12的斜面侧附近配置作為光反射手段的鏡構件（以 下簡稱為鏡）。顯示於圖3⑷至圖3⑷。圖3⑷至圖係分 ^6706 -17- 1234633 別與圖2(a)至圖2(d)對應，光線分別以和圖2(a)至圖2(d)相 同的角度入射至三棱鏡12。 圖3(a)至圖3(d)係說明本發明的導光裝置之實施形態2的 光線進行圖。 在圖3(a)中，該導光裝置20除了配置具有導光板11、三棱 鏡12及LED群13之上述實施形態1的導光裝置1〇之構成外 ’在二棱鏡12的斜面側附近位置上配置有用以反射從其斜 面侧漏出之光的鏡部24。在該鏡部24的配置中，以在三棱 鏡12的斜面之間具有特定的間隙之方式設置，該間隙存在_ 有空氣層。 依序說明來自'LED群13的光源光之導光裝置2〇的前進方 向。 首先，在圖3(a)中，與圖2(a)相同，和三棱鏡12的斜面之 法線P相對以大於臨界角的角度反射。在此，因為界面的反 射，使光線在抵達鏡部24之前沒有洩漏至外面。 若鏡邵24與棱鏡之間沒有氣體層時，不藉由臨界角反射 ’而藉由鏡部24反射，而因鏡部24導致反射損失，與臨界籲 角^反射相比，反射效率降低。 繼而，在圖3(b)中，與圖2(b)之情況相同，由於與三棱鏡 12的斜面之法線P相對’以大於臨界角度的角度抵達，故光 線反射’、從導光的上側端面lu進入。此時，光線無法 傳達至鏡邵24 ’由於藉由臨界角反射，因此成為高效率的 反射。 再者’在圖3(c)中’與圖2(c)之情況相同，光線與三棱鏡 86706 -18 - 1234633 12的下面之法線3相對， ，從三細的斜面射出至外：界月的狀感下抵達，然後 “…、β 射出土外面。該光線係藉由鏡部24的I I234633 Therefore, the description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present ignorance relates to a light guide device that conducts light from the outside through a specific light exiting surface and conducts display vibration such as a liquid crystal display device. Home. [Prior art] In the display device of rain, for example, a transmissive liquid crystal display device using a backlight including a side light source, a reflective liquid crystal display device using a front light source, etc., a white cold cathode tube or a white LED (light emitting diode 2) Polar body) for liquid crystal display. FIG. 17 is a general configuration diagram of a light guide device having a conventional side-light backlight. In FIG. 17, the light guide device 〇〇〇 is provided with a plate-shaped light guide plate 101 having a thickness, a light emitting surface 101 and a reflection plate 102 disposed on the opposite surface side of the light guide plate 101, along the light guide. The light source 101 has an end surface opposite to the light source reflection plate 103 and the light guide plate 101 and the cold cathode tube 104 arranged between the light source reflection plate 104 and the light guide plate 101. The light guide plate 101 has light emitted in the direction of the arrow L. surface. The light emitting direction from the light emitting surface is controlled by a method of printing a scattered pattern on the back surface (the surface on the side of the reflecting plate 102) or by forming an uneven shape on the back surface. The purpose of arranging the reflecting plate 102 is to emit light from the light guide plate 101 in the direction of the arrow L, but it is effective to reflect the leaked light on the opposite surface side opposite to its light exit surface and return it to the light guide plate 101, which is effective. Use light. The light source reflection plate 103 is used to reflect the light from the cold cathode tube 104, " " Hi 86706 1234633 t incident on the light guide plate 101. The cold cathode tube 104 is an external light source. In addition, in recent years, white LEDs (light emitting diodes) have been used as external light sources in mobile telephone devices, which have been rapidly gaining popularity. At this time, when the cold-cathode tube 104 is replaced with a white LED, the light source reflecting plate 103 is not required because of the directivity characteristic of the LED. The advantage of using this white LED is that compared with the cold cathode tube 丨 04, the light source reflecting plate 1 0 3 ′ is not needed, thereby saving space and miniaturization of the liquid crystal display, and it is not necessary to install the cold cathode tube 104 The inverting circuit makes the price lower. In addition, red, green, and blue LED light sources can be used instead of white LED's. This advantage is that a light source with high color purity is used, so the obtained image also becomes a sharp image with high color purity. On the other hand, when red, green, and blue LEDs are used, a special configuration is required in which colors are mixed to become white in order to eliminate color unevenness. This particular configuration includes, for example, a two-piece light guide plate type (see FIG. 18) or a 180-degree turn-back type (see FIG. 19). In addition, even if it is a white LED, the area to be emitted is relatively small; if the number of LEDs is small, uneven brightness will be caused, so it must be a special structure. FIG. 18 is a general configuration diagram of a conventional light guide device with two light guide plates. In FIG. 18, the light guide device 200 is provided with a plate-shaped front light guide plate 201 having a thickness, a led group 202 as a light source of the front light guide plate 201, and a light guide plate 201 arranged opposite to the square light guide plate 201. A thick plate-shaped rear light guide plate 203 and a led group 204 as a light source of the rear light guide plate 203. On the lower end surface of the rectangular light guide plate 201, for example, light grouped according to the red LED 202a, green LED 202b, and blue LED 202C in a row of LED groups 202 86706 1234633 is mixed with red, green, and blue light at the lower half of the front light guide plate 201 As white light, white light is emitted from the upper half to the direction of the arrow; L. At this time, the light emission area (upper-half face) is controlled by a scattered pattern formed on the back side of the front light guide plate (the rear light guide plate 203 side). Similarly, the upper end surface of the rear light guide plate 203 is incident on, for example, the light of the LED group 204 arranged in a row in the order of red LED 204a, green LED 204b, and blue LED 204c, and the rear light guide plate. 203 mix the red,%, and january light as white light at the upper half, and emit the white light from the lower half to the arrow VII and direction L. At this time, the light emission area (the surface at the lower half) is borrowed The scattered pattern formed on the 3 sides of the rear-view square-shaped light plate 20 j (the side opposite to the front light guide plate 20 o side) is controlled. In this way, one piece of the light guide plate is divided into upper and lower half areas, and as a mixed color area and a light emission area, two pieces (the front light guide plate 201 and the rear light guide plate 203) can be mixed in the light guide plate. A plurality of colors are obtained, and a light guide device 200 having less color difference is obtained. FIG. 19 is a general configuration diagram of a conventional light guide device of a 180-degree folding type. In FIG. 19, the light guide device 300 is provided with a plate-shaped main light guide plate 301 having a thickness, and a color-mixing guide plate I having a thickness I that is disposed opposite to the lower region of the main light plate 300. Light plate 302, LED group 303 as a light source of color mixing light guide plate 302, 90-degree reflection member 304 for introducing light from LED group 30 to color mixing light guide plate 30, and color mixing light guide plate 3 〇2 The light is turned 180 ° back to the 180 ° reflection member 305 on the 301 side of the main light plate. The main light plate 3 01 emits light to the direction B of the arrow. The color mixing light guide plate 302 mixes light from a plurality of colors of the LED group 303 (Mihara 86706 1234633 color). The LED group 303 has a configuration in which, for example, a red LED 303a, a green LED 303b, and a blue LED 303c are arranged in parallel in a row. The 90-degree reflection member 304 is introduced so as to be incident on the upper end portion of the color mixing light guide plate 302 by changing the direction of 90 degrees by reflecting light from the LED group 303. In addition, although a configuration example in which the light of the LED group 3 03 is directly incident on the upper end surface of the color mixing light guide plate 3 02 without passing through the 90-degree reflecting member 3 04 is taken into consideration, it is considered that the heat from the LED group 303 is emitted As shown in FIG. 19, it is preferable to install the LED group 303 in a horizontal direction (horizontal direction) in structure. The 180-degree reflection member 305 emits the light mixed in the color mixing light guide plate 302 from the lower end surface of the color mixing light guide plate 302, and changes the 180-degree direction by reflecting the emitted light, and guides the light to the bottom of the main light plate 301. Side face. However, in the above-mentioned conventional two-piece light guide plate type (refer to FIG. 18), the LED groups 202 and 204 are arranged up and down. If any one of the LED groups 202 and 204 is used, it is not possible to obtain a configuration using only one row on one side. . That is, even when there are a sufficient number (brightness) of the LED groups in any one row, the arrangement of the two light guide plate type system LED groups 202 and 204 is two columns above and below, and the LEDs are arranged at intervals to reduce the number. , Will become the main cause of uneven brightness or chromatic aberration. In addition, it is difficult to control the brightness at the upper half and the lower half of the front light guide plate 201 and the rear light guide plate 203 to make them equal, especially the overlapping portion is completely brightened or completely darkened, and it is difficult to control the brightness. . Furthermore, since the mixed area of each color of the front light guide plate 201 and the rear light guide plate 203 is limited to a half area of the so-called light guide plate, it is impossible to obtain a sufficient mixing distance on a panel with a small screen size, resulting in uneven brightness or color difference. The main cause. 1234633 In the conventional 180-degree turn-back type (refer to FIG. 19), since the color mixing light guide plate 302 has a sufficient length, it can reduce uneven brightness or color difference. However, since the light utilization efficiency of the 180-degree reflecting member 305 that changes the direction of the 180-degree light from the color mixing light guide plate 302 to the main light plate 301 is poor, the brightness is sacrificed. The main cause of the poor light utilization efficiency is the low reflectance of the 90-degree reflection member 304 and the 180-degree reflection member 305 or the incomplete control of the reflected light. Specifically, it reflects the 180-degree direction conversion of the light from the color mixing light guide plate 302, and returns the light that should be returned to the side of the king light guide plate 301. For example, even if it is incident on the main light plate 30, it does not meet Conditions through. This is the main cause of uneven brightness. Furthermore, when the LEDs of the LED group 303 are arranged in the lateral direction in consideration of heat radiation, even if the 90-degree reflecting member 304 reflects light at 90 degrees, the light utilization efficiency is lowered for the same reason. [Summary of the Invention] The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a light guiding device and use which can reduce uneven brightness or chromatic aberration when using a plurality of light sources, and can efficiently change the direction of light. The display device of the device. The light guide device 1 of the present invention is a light source from which a light source from% source enters the light guide plate and emits light from a specific light exit surface. It is characterized in that special features are provided between the 10,000 end face of the light guide plate and the light source. The angle changes the direction of the light from the light source, and directs the light source to the square prism of the light guide plate, and a gas layer is interposed between the guide plate and the first triangular prism, thereby achieving the above purpose. The light guide device of the present invention is a person who injects light from a light source into a light guide 86706 -10-1234633 plate and emits light from a specific light exit surface, characterized in that the light guide plate is provided with a first 1 light guide plate and second light guide plate, and a specific angle (for example, 90 degrees X 2 = 180 degrees) is arranged between each of the end faces of the light guide plate and the second light guide plate to change the light from one light guide plate. Direction, and is introduced into the second prism of another 10,000 light guide plate, and a gas layer is interposed between each of the second light guide plate and the second light guide plate and the second prism, thereby achieving the above-mentioned purpose. In addition, in addition to the first third frame described above, the other end surface of the light guide plate of the light guide device of the present invention is provided with a specific angle to change the direction of the light source light and introduce the light source light into the light guide plate. On the other end of the first prism, a gas layer is interposed between the first triangular prism and the light guide plate. In addition, the light guide plate of the light guide device of the present invention is provided in the thickness direction. The second light guide plate and the third light guide plate are disposed between each other end surface of the second light guide plate and the third light guide plate. It is assumed that in addition to the above-mentioned second prism, a specific angle (for example, 90 degrees X2 = 180 degrees) is provided to change the direction of the light from the light guide plate on one side, and the second prism is introduced to the other light guide plate. A gas layer is interposed between each of the second light guide plate and the third light guide plate and the second triplex. The third light guide plate of the light guide device of the present invention is provided in parallel with the i-th light guide plate. One end surface of the light guide device of the present invention is opposed to the other end surface. The second prism of the light guide device of the present invention is composed of two triangular prisms, and a gas layer is interposed between the two prisms. Furthermore, in the light guide device of the present invention, a parallel plane plate is interposed between the two triangular prisms, and 86706 -11-i 1234633 Qin gas layer is interposed between the parallel plane plate and the two triangular prisms. " In this helmet light guide device, a #angle is set between the other end surface and the light source opposite to the 7 scene of the first light guide plate to change the light at a fixed angle, and the light is directed to the light source. The other edge of the first light guide plate is the first edge, and a gas layer is interposed between the light guide plate and the first triangular prism. Furthermore, in the light guide device of the present invention, the one end surface of the first light guide plate is different from the other end surface and the light source, and the other end surface of the third light guide plate is opposite to the \ 4 surface and the light source. Between the light guide plate and the third prism, a third prism which is provided to change the direction of the light source of the d light source at a specific angle and guides the light source light to one end surface of the i-th light guide plate and the third light guide plate There is a gas layer. In the light guide device of the present invention, at least a part of the light guide device faces between the first light guide plate and the second light guide plate, and faces the surface opposite to the specific light exit surface of the second light guide plate. The system is provided with a reflecting member. In the light guide plate of the light guide device of the present invention, a reflecting member is disposed so as to face the surface opposite to the specific light exit surface. Furthermore, in the light guide path through which the light guide device of the present invention passes the three beams and the light guide plate, the area of the light incident surface on which the light from the light exit surface enters is larger than the area of the light exit surface. At least a part of the light entrance surface and the light exit surface of the light guide device No. 3 and the light guide plate of the present invention is covered with an antireflection film. The thickness of the light guide plate of the light guide device of the present invention becomes thinner as the light source becomes farther from the light path. The cross section of the triangular prism of the light guide device of the present invention is an isosceles right-angled triangle 86706 -12-1234633 '90 degrees to change the direction of light. A mirror member or a reflecting member is disposed on the oblique side of the triangular prism of the light guide device of the present invention. A gas layer is interposed between the oblique surface of the second prism of the light guide device and the above-mentioned mirror member or reflecting member. The light source of the light guide device of the present invention is a light emitting diode group of three primary colors. Furthermore, at least a part of the light guide device of the present invention is cut off from the outside air. In addition, the portion where the light guide device of the present invention is blocked from the outside air is sealed with dry nitrogen. In addition, the display device of the present invention uses the above-mentioned light guide device as a display light source ', thereby achieving the above-mentioned object. The function of the present invention will be described based on the upper structure. In the present invention, in a light guide device provided with a light source and a light guide plate, a third prism is interposed between the light path of the light from the light source and the light guide plate, and gray is interposed between the light guide plate and the first triangular prism. The gas layer makes it possible to obtain a light guide device that effectively changes the direction of light. In addition, when a light source with a plurality of colors is used as white light, uneven brightness or chromatic aberration can be reduced. Change the light path by 180 degrees between the light path of the first light guide plate and the second light guide plate = 180 ° of the first 2 three-soil prism (two triangular prisms) ', and the second and third light guides of the light guide plate and the second light guide plate The gap between the gas layers is interposed between the two prisms and between the two prisms. Therefore, a light guide device that efficiently changes the direction of the light can be obtained. Furthermore, even when a light source of a plurality of colors is used as the white light, uneven brightness or chromatic aberration can be reduced. Furthermore, if the ratio between the two end surfaces (-square end surface and the other -square end surface) 86706 13 Ϊ 234633 is tangible and is in two, the light guide plate is relatively leaky and has incident light, and When light is incident from only one end surface, it becomes a brighter surface light source. In addition, because a parallel plane is interposed between the two prisms, a gap between the three prisms and the parallel plane plate has a gap between the gas layers, so that when the two light guide plates are separated and constituted, light leakage from one side can be prevented. The other light guide plate can effectively transmit light. Furthermore, since the area of the light entrance surface and the area of the light exit surface, even when the gap between the optical members is large, it is possible to prevent the light from effectively propagating the light. Part of the loss due to reflection is kept to a minimum. At least the light entrance surface and the light exit surface of the light guide plate or triplet are covered with a reflection prevention film, so the interface of the gas layer can be As the thickness becomes thinner as the distance from the light source becomes thinner, a thinner, lighter, and more efficient light guide device can be obtained. 1. Moreover, because the cross section of the triangular prism is approximately an isosceles right-angled triangle, the light guiding efficiency is improved. Moreover, since a mirror is provided on the inclined surface of the triangular prism, all light leaking from the inclined side of the triangular prism returns to the triangular prism, and a light guiding device with high light guiding efficiency can be obtained. In addition, since a gap of the gas layer is provided between the inclined surface of the two-layered glass and the mirror, reflection at the interface is used when critical conditions are satisfied, and reflection from the mirror is used when interface conditions are not satisfied. Therefore, it becomes a light guide device with better light guide efficiency. Because the light-emitting diode is used as the light source, it has directivity, and more light meets the critical condition. Therefore, a light-guiding device having a high light-guiding efficiency can be obtained. 86706 -14- 1234633 Furthermore, since the light-guiding device is at least partially interrupted from the outside air, it can be excluded that it does not adversely affect optical components such as dust and water vapor. The main reason is to obtain a light guide with stable optical characteristics. If dry nitrogen gas is enclosed in the part of the gas barrier of the human light farm, it can prevent the occurrence of mildew, and eliminate the condensation due to the temperature difference, and can obtain a light guide device with more complete optical characteristics. Furthermore, by using the above-mentioned light guide device, a display device with very good light utilization efficiency can be obtained. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, embodiments of the light guide device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. "(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of Embodiment 1 of a light guide device according to the present invention. In addition, in order to make it easy to understand in the description, the size or arrangement interval of each member is enlarged. / Figure 1. This light-guiding device is provided with a plate-shaped guide having a thickness, a plate 11, a prism i2 (the first prism) that is changed at a specific angle, such as 90 degrees, and a plurality of light sources. The light guide plate 11 has a light exit surface that emits light in the direction of the arrow L. The light output from the light exit surface is controlled by printing a scatter pattern on the back surface or by forming an uneven shape on the back surface. Triangular prism 12 has a slight gap between the prisms of the right-angled triangle on the waist, and is arranged opposite to the upper surface of the light guide 柘 U, AL nw.,. In addition, Yu 0 6 -15-1234633 light guide plate 11 and three The gas-optical member 12 is filled with gas around the gas, and there is also a gas layer between the facing surfaces. The refractive index of the member is set to 1.49, as described above. That is, the prism 12 and the light guide plate ". The gas layer is an air source with a refractive index (the order of red c led_ is a red LED that is white according to a mixture of red, green, and blue) 13a, green light source (green LED) 13b, blue light source (blue LED) 13 For example, a plurality of horizontal lines are arranged in a row. The triangular prism 12 and the guide patterns of FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (d) show the forward direction of light from the led group 13 to the light plate 11. First, in FIG. 2 (a), the light enters a surface that is not an inclined surface with the triangular prism 12. When the light entering the prism 12 perpendicularly reaches the inclined surface, it causes reflection and enters from the upper end face 11a of the light guide. This is because the oblique angle of the triangular prism 12 is relative to the normal angle ρ of the inclined plane of the triangular prism 12 incident at 45 degrees, and the refractive index 1 is greater than the critical angle of refractive index 1.49, 42.2 degrees. Therefore, the critical condition is satisfied. The reason why the normal line P reflects at an angle of 45 degrees. In addition, since the light enters the face of the three light guides 12 and the light guide plate, the gap has no effect. Next, in FIG. 2 (b), the light having a degree of inclination is incident on the upper side, as opposed to the normal line Q of the surface of the triangular prism 12 which is not an inclined surface. The light incident at an angle of 30 degrees is refracted at the interface between the gas and the triangular prism 12, and reaches the inclined plane of the three angles 12 at an angle of incidence of 9.6 degrees. The angle relative to the normal line ρ of the shooting surface at this time is 64.6 degrees larger than the critical angle. Therefore, similarly, the normal line P is reflected at an angle of 64.6 degrees with respect to the normal line P of the 稜鏡 12. Although the reflected light enters the upper end face Πa of the light guide plate 11 and reaches the wall surface of the light guide plate 11, 86706 -16-1234633 > This angle is 70.4 degrees relative to the wall normal R, because it is greater than the critical The corner 5 is thus reflected and transmitted to the light guide plate 1 丨. In addition, opposite to the opposite surface of the triangular prism 12 and the light guide plate Π, light enters at 196 degrees. This is because the angle is smaller than the critical condition, so the effect of the gap may not be considered. Furthermore, in FIG. 2 (c), the light is incident at a larger angle to the surface of the 稜鏡 12 which is not an inclined surface. The incident angle of the light is 45 degrees. It is refracted at the interface between the gas and the incident surface of the tantalum 12 and has an oblique incidence of 2 8.3 degrees from its incident surface and reaches the interface of the triangular prism 12 on the light guide plate 11 side. At this time, the incident angle of the light opposite to the normal S is 61.7 degrees larger than the critical angle, so the light is reflected at an angle of 61.7 degrees relative to the normal S. This light reaches the inclined surface of the triangular prism 12, and is emitted to the outside because the angle of the light rays and the normal line p are relatively at an angle of 167 degrees. Also, in FIG. 2 (d), the direction opposite to the direction of the light ray in FIG. 2 (c) is opposite to the normal line Q, and the light is made incident at the angle 4512 at an angle of 45 degrees. At this time, the light and the spring are opposite to the normal q of the incident surface of the gas la and the prism 12 and are incident at 28 3 degrees and refracted at its interface, and arrive at an angle of 16 7 degrees with respect to the inclined plane of the triplet 12. At this time, the light should be emitted from the prism 2 to the outside. Even though there are light rays that cannot be incident on the light guide plate 1J and enter the outside, the light can be reflected more efficiently than metal reflections such as mirrors that reflect light at a critical angle. (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment 2, in addition to the configuration of the above embodiment, a mirror member (hereinafter simply referred to as a mirror) as a light reflection means is arranged near the inclined surface side of the three-j mirror 12. Shown in Figure 3⑷ to Figure 3⑷. Figures 3 (a) to (b) 6706 -17- 1234633 respectively correspond to Figures 2 (a) to 2 (d). The light rays enter the prism 12 at the same angles as those in Figures 2 (a) to 2 (d), respectively. Figs. 3 (a) to 3 (d) are diagrams for explaining the light rays of the light guide device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3 (a), the light guide device 20 is located at a position near the oblique side of the prism 12 in addition to the configuration in which the light guide device 10 of the first embodiment having the light guide plate 11, the triangular prism 12, and the LED group 13 is disposed. A mirror portion 24 is disposed thereon to reflect light leaking from the inclined side. In the arrangement of the mirror portion 24, a specific gap is provided between the inclined surfaces of the triangular prism 12, and there is an air layer in the gap. The forward direction of the light guide device 20 of the light source light from the 'LED group 13 will be described in order. First, in Fig. 3 (a), as in Fig. 2 (a), the normal line P to the inclined surface of the triangular prism 12 is relatively reflected at an angle larger than the critical angle. Here, the reflection of the interface prevents light from leaking to the outside before reaching the mirror portion 24. If there is no gas layer between the mirror 24 and the prism, the reflection is not reflected by the mirror portion 24 by the critical angle reflection, and the reflection loss is caused by the mirror portion 24. Compared with the critical angle reflection, the reflection efficiency is reduced. Then, in FIG. 3 (b), as in the case of FIG. 2 (b), the light is reflected from the upper side of the light guide because it arrives at an angle greater than the critical angle relative to the normal line P of the slope of the prism 12 The end face lu enters. At this time, the light cannot be transmitted to the mirror 24 'because it is reflected by the critical angle, so it becomes a highly efficient reflection. Moreover, 'in Fig. 3 (c)' is the same as in the case of Fig. 2 (c). The light is opposite to the normal 3 below the prism 86706 -18-1234633 12, and exits from the three thin bevels to the outside: the boundary moon Arrived at the ground, and then "..., β shot out of the soil. This light is transmitted through the mirror 24
反射再度返回，從導光板U # r ^ 1 9 « 上幻场面入射。再者，光線 係攸二知叙12與導光板丨丨之相 對面的法線相對，在28.3度 =，由於該光線的入射角度小於臨界條件之角度 ，因此不需要考慮三稜鏡12與導光板丨丨的間隙之影響。該 光雖抵達導光板1丨内的壁面 W彳-疋此時的月度與法線R相對 為6"度，該角度係大於臨界角，光線係反射並傳達到導 光板。 此時，藉由鏡部24的反射與藉由臨界條件反射相比，反 射效率低者，比從三稜鏡12的斜面漏淺的光完全無效更為 有放S此’考慮在二棱鏡12與導光板i!的間隙無氣體層 時伙光源13入射的光線在三棱鏡12與導光板^之間不引 起反射，因此雖直接進入導光板11，但在導光板η的壁面 上以28.3度的角度抵達。由於該角度係小於臨界角，故射 出至導光板11外。亦即，為該入射角度時，三稜鏡12與導 光板11之間隙的氣體層具有相當大的功能。 謂 再者，在圖3(d)中，與圖2⑷之情況相同，當入射光之負 度J太I界月而伙_二棱鏡12的斜面射出時，其光線在鏡部 24反射再度返回三棱鏡12内，抵達三頸稜鏡12内的壁面並 在其壁面反射，從導光板丨丨的上侧端面入射，再抵達導光 板11内的壁面，並於其壁面反射。由於三棱鏡12的壁面與 導光板11的壁面中任一壁面以6丨.7度抵達而反射，使光線 傳達至導光板11。此與圖3 (c)之情況相同，由於係藉由鏡部 86706 -19- 1234633 24反射之反射效率高於藉由臨界條件反射之反射效率，因 此比從三稜鏡12的斜面漏线的光完全浪費更為有效。此外 ’光線與三棱鏡12及導光板11之各相對面相對分別在28.3 度進入’該射出角度及射人角度由於分料於臨界角度條 件’因此可不考慮該間隙的影響。 、在以上的圖3(a)至圖3⑷中，說明具有光線的人射角之特 足角度的/兄[以光線追蹤法射人各種角度時的模擬結 果顯示於圖4。該模擬條件係將光線的入射角等分成±6〇度 的範圍之角度人射27條光線，以將導光板u的厚度設為ι〇 mm時與三棱鏡12之間的氣體層成為5〇 μιη的方式，分別配 置鏡部24、三棱鏡12及導光㈣，三棱如的斜面與鏡部 24(間的氣體層亦以成為5Q μπι的方式配置 '然而，在該圖 中，難以確認上述氣體層或鏡部24的存在。又，導光板U 與三棱鏡12的折射率設為丨492。可知從三棱鏡12的正前方 位置入射的光源光進入三棱鏡12，並傳達到導光板u，從 導光板11内的下侧端面llb射出至氣體中。在此最受矚目的 是，已入射的全邵光線從三稜鏡丨2與相反侧的導光板1工之 下侧端面lib射出。這是因為從該下侧端面nb以外光不漏 洩之緣故。如此，在三稜鏡12所入射的光若反覆折射與反 射，可獲得從導光板11的下側端面丨lb射出，且光利用效率 及反射效率等高效率的導光裝置丨0 A。 然而，實際上，由於在三棱鏡12或導光板丨丨與氣體層之 界面的反射引起的損失，因此必須考慮此。在本發明中藉 著氣體層將全部的光線導入導光板U，但因有該氣體層亦 86706 -20- 1234633 引起相失。圖構成係具有四個界面：氣體層與三棱鏡12 的界面、進入二稜鏡12與導光板丨丨前的氣體層之界面、導 光板11的㈤方氣體層與導光板丨丨之界面及導光板丨丨與光射 出（氣體層的界面等，假設四個界面的損失為4%，則四個 界面的透過率為84.9%。然而，此時不考慮因為光的入射角 度引起反射率的不同。但是，藉由在導光板11或與三稜鏡 12的氣體層之界面上進行反射防止處理，可大大地改善反 射效率，例如一個界面的損失僅為2%，而92 2%的光透過 導光板11及二棱鏡12。如此，在導光板丨丨及三棱鏡丨2的各 界面4反射防止處理（例如將反射防止膜（低折射率膜）至少 施加在光入射面及光出射面中任一個之一部份），使透過率 提昇，又，由於在本實施形態2所說明的光進路之效果不變 ，因此期望在各界面進行反射防止處理。這種反射防止處 理一般係使用氧化矽或氧化鈦的多層膜。然而，本發明係 不限定於該方法。 又所入射的光之角度變大時，藉由在三棱鏡12的斜面 所配置的鏡邵24反射。因此反射效率降低，故以所入射的 光足角度不變大的方式，期望盡可能限制光入射角度。因 此，光源13係具有如LED(發光二極體）的指向性之光源，更 可貫現向效率化。 又，為指向性低的光源時，由於藉由三棱鏡丨2的斜面所 配置的鏡部24之反射變多，因此沒有氣體層而將鏡部以配 置在斜面，減少界面反射的損失，可減少光學構件。 (實施形態3) 86706 -21 - 1234633 在本實施形態3中，係使用兩組於上述實施形態2所說明 的三棱鏡12與導光板11之組合的情況。 圖5(a)至圖6(d)係用以說明本發明的導光裝置之實施形 態3的光線進行圖。 在圖5(a)及圖5(b)中，該導光裝置30除了光源的LED群13 之外’另具備有：將上述實施形態2的導光裝置2〇之構成分 為兩組’亦即具有厚度的板狀導光板11A、11B (第1導光板 與第2導光板）、分別9〇度改變光的方向之三棱鏡12a、12B (弟2二棱鏡，兩個三棱鏡）以及光反射用的鏡部μ a、24B。 導光板11A、11B係保留特定間隙而並列配設在厚度方向 ，在導光板11A的上侧端面上相對向配設有三稜鏡12A的一 方足直角面，在導光板ΠΒ的上侧端面上相對向配設有三棱 鏡12B的另一方之直角面、三稜鏡12A、12B的另一方之直 角面係互相相對地配置。 在此，與上述實施形態2之情況相同，三棱鏡12A與導光 板11A間、三稜鏡12B與導光板11β間、三棱鏡12人、12β之 間，以及在導光板11A、11B之間存在空氣層作為氣體層。 又，在二棱鏡12A、12B之各斜面分別挾住氣體層，並分別 配置有各鏡部24A、24B。 繼而，說明四個光線的進路圖案。 在圖5(a)中，藉由從導光板UA的下側端面垂直進入的 ED群1 3的光源光與二棱鏡12 a的斜面之法線p相對，以4 5 度抵達並藉由臨界條件反射，又，與一方的三棱鏡12b之斜 面的法線P相對以45度抵達，再藉由臨界條件朝向一方的導 86706 -22- 1234633 光板ΠΒ射出。如此，從一方的導光板11A的光線i8〇度改 變方向，判斷進入一方的導光板丨丨B内。 在圖5(b)中，從導光板丨1A的下侧端面具有特定角度而入 射的LED群1 3的光源光抵達導光板丨丨a内的壁面，藉由臨界 條件反射並入射至三稜鏡12a内。此時，入射至三棱鏡12A 内的光線雖抵達其斜面，但未滿臨界條件，故從其斜面暫 時射出至外邵，在鏡部24 A反射，而再度入射至三稜鏡12A 。再入射至三棱鏡12A的光線藉著抵達一方的三棱鏡12β的 斜面’並藉由臨界條件反射再進入另一方的導光板11；6。如 此’從一方的導光板11A之光線改變特定角度的18〇度方向 ’再進入一方的導光板丨1B内從其下側端面射出至外部。 在以上的圖5(a)及圖5(b)上，三棱鏡12八與導光板11A間 、二稜鏡12B與導光板11B間、三棱鏡12八、12B之間，氣體 層雖無特別的影響，但以下所說明之圖6(c)及圖6(d)之情況 係發揮大的效果。 在圖6(C)中，光線通過第一個導光板11A，在第一個三棱 銃12A反射，在第2個三稜鏡12B與第二個導光板ιΐβ之間， 亦即在三棱鏡12B内的壁面引起反射。如此，在三棱鏡12B 與導光板11B之間無氣體層時，光線在三稜鏡12B内的壁面 不引起反射，從第二個導光板丨1B内的壁面射出至外部，引 起導光效率降低。 土即使在圖6(d)中，亦與圖6(c)之情況相同，從第二個三棱 釦12B進入第二個導光板12B之前，在三棱鏡12A、12B之間 的相對面引起反射。在該相對面間沒有氣體時，光回到第 86706 -23 - I234633 —個導光板11A侧使導光效率降低。 即使在以上任一種情況下，從一方的導光板11A入射的光 判斷可進入另一方的導光板11B。 在圖5(a)至圖6(d)中，僅說明具有入射角的特定角度之情 況，但將光線在各樣角度入射時的光線追蹤法之模擬結果 顯示於圖7。 在圖7中，模擬條件與圖4之情況相同，入射角在等分成 ±60度的範圍之角度上使27條光線從導光板11A的下側端 面入射，將導光板11A的厚度設為1〇 mm時，三稜鏡丨2A之籲 間的氣體層以成為5 0 μ m的方式配置，三棱鏡12 A之斜面與 叙部2 4之間的氣體層亦以成為5 〇 μ m的方式配置各構件。三 棱鏡12A、12B之間的氣體層及導光板llA、11B之間的氣體 層亦以成為50 μπι的方式保留特定間隙（50 μηι)而配置。又 ，導光板11Α與三棱鏡12Α之折射率設為1.492。 從導光板11的正前方側（下侧端面）入射的光線係在導光 板11Α内部進行’經過兩個二棱鏡12 A、12 Β内，1 8 〇度改綠 光的方向，再從一方的導光板11B的上侧端面入射。光線係❿ 從該導光板11B的下侧端面射出至氣體中。如此，在圖7中 ，判斷從導光板11A的下側端面所入射的全部光線經過三棱 鏡12A、UB與相反侧的導光板11B，再從導光板UB的端面 射出。 因而，入射至導光板11A的全部光若反覆進行折射與反射 ，由於傳達至另一方的導光板丨1B並從其下側端面射出，因 此可獲得高導光效率的導光裝置30。 86706 -24 - 1234633 (實施形態4) 本實施形態4係在上述實施形態3所說明的兩個導光板 11A，11B、兩個三稜鏡12A，12B及兩個鏡部24A，24B之組合 ，再將三棱鏡12配置在光源光入射部作為光源光方向變更 用之情況。亦即組合上述實施形態2、3之情況。當然，在 各構件的各間隙存在有氣體層，雖未特別圖示，但任一個 二奴叙12A、12B及12的各斜面保留特定間隙（氣體層）且分 別配置有鏡部24A至24C。 圖8係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態4的概略構成斜視圖。# 在圖8中《導光裝置4〇係具備有：作為複數色的光源之 LED群I3、具有厚度的板狀導光板41，42(或42⑴及用以 度改變光源光的方向之三個三稜鏡12, 12A，12B。 ㈣群13係使用三原色中的紅光源之紅咖…、綠光源 的綠LED 13b、藍光源的藍lED 13(：。 導光板41為色混合用的導光板，導光板42係具有射出光 線至箭頭方向L的光射出面之導光板。 在導光板41上，由於你闽一搭* 善 田万、使用二原巴的紅、綠、藍之各1^]〇零 光源’因此當直接射入至導光板42時，出射光的色差變大 丄在導光板42的前段所配設的導光㈣上引起色混合，使 得上下端面間有相當的距離。 導光板42的背面（導光板41侧的面）印刷散亂圖案，藉由引 起散篆’使光從導光板42的表面侧射出至箭頭方向L進行控 制。該光射出狀態的均—性藉由餘圖案可進行控制，在 圖8中’精由在導光板42的下側部分縮小散亂圖案，在上側 86706 -25 - 1234633 部分加大散亂圖案可獲得均一性。在最後的上側端面上大 致使光全部射出在導光板42的表面（箭頭方向L侧），來自其 上侧端面的光出射亦即未利用的光變少。此外，在此雖未 圖不’但導光板42的背側亦即在導光板41之間設置作為反 子構件的反射板時，從散亂圖案漏出的光再度回到内部則 有利於導光，因此使用反射板。 因而’藉由使用三個三稜鏡12、12A、12B及各構件間的 氣體層之本實施形態4，可獲得明亮度均一性高的面發光之 背光。 又 此外，導光板42雖從其表面侧將光射出至箭頭方向七，但 如上述的導光板11B所示，光線進行方向在上下端面方向上 ，以從上侧端面或下侧端面射出光的方式構成亦可。圖9係 此時光線的前進方向之模擬結果。此時的模擬條件與圖4及 圖7的條件相同。從光源發光的光依序通過各光學構件，在 此，如最後的導光板42所示，光不僅線從光射出面（表面） 射出至箭頭方向L，如最後的導光板42B(參照圖9)，光線從 上侧端面射出。 (實施形態5) 導光裝置50除了上述實施形態4的導光裝 在上述實施形態4中，將兩片導光板41、42配置在附近時 雖然有效，但因構造上的問題而有間隔配置之需要時，將 使並列配置的兩個三稜鏡12Α、12β之間過度分離。此時， 因為光㈣漏淺而無法傳達較多的光線，<吏導光效率大幅 減少。因此為解決該問題，在本實施形態5中，如圖1〇所: 置40之各構成構 86706 -26- 1234633 t 件卜一另在—奴鏡12A、12B之間配設有平行平面板5 1。如 此〃藉由插入平仃平面板5 1，可使各光學構件間的氣體層 相田薄，且可不浪費地傳遞全部的光線。 (實施形態6) 。光J構件的間隙之氣體層若配置為大於波長則沒有問 題，、但當設定不大的間隙時，如上述實施形態5所說明，由 於產生光線的戌漏而需要使用平行平面板51。若沒有挟住 平行平面板51的間隙時，對於獲得圖u所示的本實施形態6 之構成甚為有效。在本實施形態6中，為使漏我的光線亦1籲 射’依照光的傳播順序，使光學構件的相對向面一點一點 變大的方式而設定。 圖1係本金明的導光裝置之實施形態6的概略光進行狀 態的剖面圖。 、在圖U中，該導光裝置㈣具備有：作為複數色的光源 之LED群13具有厚度的板狀導光板61、62及用以90度改 變光源光的方向之三個三棱鏡63_65，以光進路上流㈣光 射出面之面積大於光射入面的面積大而構成。 籲 來自LED群13的光射入至三棱鏡63，該光雖傳達至導光 板61内，但在三棱鏡63與導光板61的相對向之各面中，光 進路下流侧的導光板61之光射入面的面積大於三棱鏡㈣ 光射出面。此時，即使各面的間隙距離大，亦可抑制光的 侧漏。 又，同樣地，導光板61與三棱鏡64的相對向之各面中， 光進路下流侧的三棱鏡64之光射入面的面積大於^光板61 86706 -27- 1234633 的’再者三棱鏡64與三稜鏡㈣相對向之各面中 ^ ι路下流侧的三棱鏡65之光射入面的面積大於道光叔 6:吻出面。又，三細與導光板62的相對向= ㈣=路下流侧的導光板62之光射人面的面積大於三稜 銃65的光射出面。 奴 此外，在此雖表示在光進路中，+部的光學構件之光射 出面及光射人面在光進路下流侧„點_點變大之例，惟备 然間隙的距離變大亦無妨。 两 (實施形態7) 筆記型電腦等所使用的導光裝置之構成愈接近射出末端 :則導光板的厚度變薄。這是因為越薄則導光板内的反射 次數增加’即使印刷相同的散亂圖案，所射出的光量亦增 加，結果可射出均勻的光之緣故。又，藉著使導光板的^ 度變薄亦可達輕量化。應用該構成者係本實施形態7的圖 12(a)及圖 12(b)。 圖12(a)及圖12⑻係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態7的概 略光進行狀態的剖面圖。 丨 在圖12⑷中，該導光裝置7〇係具備有：作為複數色的光 源之LED群13、具有光射人面的面積大於光射出面之大厚 度的板狀導光板7丨、72及用以90度改變光源光的方向之三 個三棱鏡73-75。 在此，以愈接近導光板71、72的末端側，厚度_變薄 的方式而變化。與導光板71相同’以愈末端愈薄的方式構 成導光板72時，如圖12(a)所示，可使兩片相合的厚度均一 86706 -28- 1234633 ’結果可實現薄型化、輕量化。又，從光的有效活用之觀 點來看，期望在接近光源的位置上有可覆蓋光源的大小之 大的導光板端面（在此為棱鏡端面），在該點上優點甚大。又 三棱鏡74、75之大小雖然不同，但如實施形態6所說明， 當光路後侧所配置的三稜鏡75愈大，則不會產生光的 問題。 此外’目12(b)的導光裝置7〇A中，僅光射出侧的導光板 72厚度變化，光路前方側的導光板71入的厚度相同（兑厚产 與長邊方向相對均等）即可。此時，由於導光板71八的=φ 均一’因此光的傳達效率佳，可更有效傳達光。 (實施形態8) 在以上的說明中，雖三棱鏡及導光板等的各光學構件具 有氣體層的間隙，但當塵埃等進入該間隙時，容易使光的 傳達效率低落。因此，在本實施形態8中，為了製作出使上 述導光裝置與外面空氣隔絕之環境，而使用密封殼體。將 此表示於圖13。 圖13係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態8的概略光進行狀鲁 態的剖面圖。 在圖13中，該導光裝置8〇係具備有：作為複數色的光源 又LED群13、具有厚度的板狀導光板81、a、用以9〇度改 變光源光的方向之三棱鏡83、用以1 80度改變光源光的方向 <三棱鏡84、至少密封導光板81、82及三棱鏡83、84的密 封殼體85。 & 密封殼體85以將包含光源（LED群13)的導光裝置8〇密封 86706 -29- 1234633 收納於内部較佳，但LED群13由於會產生大量的熱，因此 以配置在密封殼體85之外對於熱發散的點較有效果。如此 ，收納在密封殼體85的導光裝置80可避免外面空氣中的塵 土夭或水氣入。然而’考慮因為溫度差使密封殼體8 5内的 水分凝結而附著在氣體層的間隙。因此，當以乾燥氣充滿 該密封殼體85内時，由於乾燥氮大致上沒有水分，因此不 是因為密封殼體85内的溫度差產生凝結。又，關於凝結， 在乾燥空氣中亦具有同樣的效果。然而，要將發霉等的影 響抑制在最小限度，氮比空氣有效。 此外，在此圖1 3所示的三棱鏡84係與上述實施形態3至7 不同，僅以一個三棱鏡84構成1 80度改變光源光的方向。在 此情況下，所有的光無法從導光板81傳達至導光板82，而 再度返回之光亦多，因此光的傳達效率雖以上述實施形態3 至7的兩個三稜鏡較佳，但僅有一個三棱鏡84，亦有所謂光 學構件少而容易製作的優點。 (實施形態9) 以圖8的上述實施形態4所說明的導光裝置4〇作為背光應 用在液晶顯示裝置。 圖14係使用本發明實施形態4的導光裝置之液晶顯示裝 置（本發明的實施形態9)之構成圖。 在圖14中’液晶顯tf裝置9 0係具備有：作為背光的導光 裝置40，在該導光裝置40的前方依序有偏光板91、液晶面 板9 2、相位差板9 3、偏光板9 4。 導光裝置40係使用LED作為其光源，使來自紅光源13a、 86706 -30- 1234633 綠光源13 b、誃朵、、盾q Q 上 现九源1 3 C的先線射入至三棱鏡丨2，並依色混 合用的導光板41、二护锆1?Δ Ί . ^ —1¾ 12A、12B、先射出用的導光板42 的順序進行傳播。藉由道 猪田寸光板42的同面所印刷的散亂圖案 使光射出至表面侧。一和，、、右曰％ -壯 4 般，及晶頒不裝置90係具有相位差 板93與偏光板91、94等光學板，在此，來自光量均句的面 即導光裝置40的光線通過偏光板91，經由因應畫或文 、等：種貝紕進行技制之液晶面板92，再通過移相差板93 或偏光板94，使畫或文字等各種資訊顯示於液晶顯示畫面 上二在此所顯示的影像因為是色純度高的光源，可以色再 現範圍廣的鮮明畫像進行色差、亮度不均少的顯示。 在本實施形態9中，雖使用紅、綠、藍的咖光源，但並 不限定於此，即使使用白色的LED光源，亦可獲得亮度不 均）的順7，效果極佳。又，即使不是LED，對於全部的 光源亦可有效傳播光。 此外，以上的導光裝置及使用其之顯示裝置係不限定於 上逑用％。例如，光源亦可不附屬於本裝置，亦可為周圍 的明光源。利用該裝置時，例如以透鏡聚集周圍光並射 〇至三棱鏡而傳達到導光板，作為反射型液晶的前光源或 込過型液晶的補助光源，可作為印刷物的照明光源使用。 藉此，根據上述實施形態4、9，如圖14所示，以導光裝 且40作為背光，該導光裝置4〇係具備有：作為光源之 群1 3、色混合用的導光板41、具有光射出面的導光板42、 具有光射出面的導光板42、來自LED群13的光線導入至導 光板41的一方端面之三稜鏡12、來自導光板41的另一方端 867〇6 •31 - 1234633 面之光線導入至導光板42的一方端面之三稜鏡12A、12B， 並將該導光裝置配置在液晶顯示面板92的後方，且導光裝 且40係在各導光板41、42及三棱鏡12、12A、12B的各光學 構件間介存有氣體層。如此，在具備有光源的LED群13及 兩個導光板41、42的導光裝置40中，由於分別在來自光源 的光與導光板41的光路間、導光板4丨、42的光路間具備有 二棱鏡，在導光板41、42及三棱鏡12、12A、12B的各光學 構件間介存氣體層，因此可降低使用複數色的光源時之亮 度不均或顏色不均，且可有效率地利用各三稜鏡的臨界反 射改變光的進行方向。 (實施形態10) 如上述實施形態1至9，不限定於從導光板的一端面（一方 端面）射入光源光，亦可從複數端面射入光源光。例如，舉 出從兩端面（相對向的兩端面）入射光之實例表示於圖15。 圖15係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態1〇的概略光進行狀 態之剖面圖。此外，在該實例中由於成為左右對稱之構成 ，故左右具有相同的功能之構件附加相同符號並省略其說 明。 在圖15中，該導光裝置400係具備有：具有厚度的板狀導 光板401、401及402 ;用以90度改變光的方向之三棱鏡12、 12、12A、12A、12B及12B ;作為複數個光源的lED群13、 13，以及向一個方向反射漏洩光的反射構件4〇3。 導光板401係設置在三棱鏡12與三棱鏡12A之間，將來自 一版鏡12的射出光導光至箭頭方向（左右方向）且射出至三 86706 1234633 棱鏡12 A側之光混合用的平行平面板。又，導光板係a 置在兩三棱鏡12B、12B間，具有將兩三棱鏡12β的射出光 導光至左右方向並射出至箭頭方向L的光射出面。 三棱鏡12、12A及12B之剖面為等腰直角三角形狀的稜鏡 ，其表面保留些微間隙，與導光板401或4〇2的端面相對向 而配設。又，三棱鏡12八與三棱鏡12B的各一面亦彼此相對 而配設。此外，導光板401、402及三棱鏡12、12A及12β的 光學構件之折射率設為1.49，上述光學構件的周邊以氣體 充滿。亦即，三棱鏡12、12A與導光板401之相對向面間、 二棱鏡12A與二棱鏡12B的相對向面間以及三棱鏡12B與導 光板402之相對向面間存在有氣體層。該氣體層係折射率！ 的空氣層。 LED群13係依序混合紅、、綠、藍成為白色的紅光源(紅 LED)、綠光源（綠LED)、藍光源（藍lED)的順序例如複數各 並列成一•行。 反射構件403係以夾在導光板4〇1與導光板4〇2之間的狀 態配設。該反射構件403係以白色PET (p〇ly ethylene terephthalate ;聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯樹脂）所代表的擴散 反射板亦可，為鏡子等鏡面反射板亦可。該反射構件4〇3的 利用不僅與本實施型態1 〇的情況相對為有效，在上述實施 形態1至9的導光板射出光作為面光源之全部光時，當然亦 有光量提昇的效果。 … 根據上述構成，來自LED群1 3的光係射入至三棱鏡1 2， 改變90度方向而射出，如上述實施形態}至9所詳述，可有 86706 -33 - !234633 政地射入至導光板401内。再者，來自導光板4〇1的射出光 係經由三棱鏡12A、三稜鏡12B改變180度方向，並射入至 導光板402内。在導光板402將兩端面的光射出至箭頭l方向 。此時，將反射構件403設置在導光板4〇2的背面侧，使洩 漏光可有效率地射出至箭頭L的方向。 根據上述，在本實施形態10的導光裝置4〇〇中，導光板4〇工 係作為混合光之區域使用，藉由三棱鏡12A、12B可有效導 光至射出光作為面光源的導光板402上，為從兩端面（左右 兩端面）可射人光的構成，與僅從—方端面射人光的上述實鲁 施形怨1至9的情況相比，可成為明亮的面光源。 藉此，將導光裝置400用於液晶顯示裝置等顯示裝置，可 形成更明亮的顯示畫面。 此外，圖16係以導光裝置500作為本實施形態1〇的變形例 ▲導光裝置500係具備有：具有厚度的板狀導光板5〇2、 9〇度改變光的方向之三稜鏡12B、12B;作為複數個光源的 LED群13、13 ;反射光的反射構件5〇3。此時，省略圖15所鲁 示的一對導光板401及三棱鏡12、12B，來自；^£1)群13的光 源光直接射入至三棱鏡丨2B的一面側，在導光板5〇2上使來 自兩端面的光射出至箭頭L的方向。藉此，不致因導光板4〇工 引起光衰減，比上述實施形態1〇更明亮。 又，若上下重合兩個這種導光裝置5〇〇,成為比上述實施 形悲1 〇更党的面光源。此時，省略反射構件5〇3。又，三棱 鏡12B、12B的配置亦在上下的各導光裝置5〇〇平面地偏移 90度位且。再者，不僅相對向的兩端面，在全部的端面（例 86706 -34- 1234633 四端面）<•又置二棱鏡，以從全部的端面（例如四端面）射入 光之方式構成亦可。 如上所述，根據本發明，在具有光源與導光板的導光裝 置上’在來自麵的光與導光㈣光路間介存有9◦度改變 光路的第1三稜鏡’且由^在導光板與第U棱鏡間介存有 氣體層，目此可獲得有效率使光的進行方向變化的導光裝 置，而且使用複數顏色的光源成為白色光時，#可降低亮 部不均或色差。 又，在弟1導光板與第2導光板的光路間介存有18〇度改變 光路之第2三棱鏡（兩個三棱鏡），且在第ι導光板及第2導夫 板與第2三棱鏡之間以及在兩個三棱鏡間介存有氣體層# 間隙’因此可獲得有效钱的進行方向變化的導光裝置， 而且，在使用複數顏色的光源成為白色光時，亦可降低凑 度不均或色差。 【產業上利用的可能性】 示裝置所使用的面光源之 時的亮度不均或色差，且 例如，在液晶顯示裝置等的顯 領域中，可降低使用複數個光源 可有效改變光的進行方向。 【圖式簡單說明】 1的概略構成斜視圖。 置 < 光線的進行狀態 圖1係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態 圖2(a)至圖2(d)係說明圖1的導光裝 剖面圖。 裳置之實施形態2的 圖3(a)至圖3(d)係說明本發明的導光 光線之進行狀態剖面圖。 86706 -35 - 1234633 圖4係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態2的光線追蹤法之模 擬結果圖。 圖5(a)及圖5(b)係用以說明本發明的導光裝置之實施形 態3光線之進行狀態（其一）的剖面圖。 y 圖6(c)及圖6(d)係用以說明本發明的導光裝置之實施形 態3光線之進行狀態（其二）的剖面圖。 ' 圖7係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態3的光線追蹤法之模 擬結果圖。 圖8係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態4的概略構成斜視圖。 圖9係圖8的導光裝置之光線追蹤法的模擬結果圖。 圖1〇係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態5的概略構成斜視圖。 圖11係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態6的概略光進行狀 態的剖面圖。 圖12(a)及圖12(b)係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態7的概 略光進行狀態的剖面圖。 圉1 3係本餐明的導光裝置之實施形態$的概略光進行狀 態的剖面圖。 圖14係使用本發明實施形態4的導光裝置之液晶顯示裝 置（本發明的實施形態9)之構成圖。 圖1 5係本發明的導光裝置之實施形態1 〇的概略光進行狀 態之剖面圖。 圖16係圖1 5的導光裝置的變形例之概略光進行狀態之剖 面圖。 圖17係具有習知的侧光型背光之導光裝置的一般構成圖。 86706 -36 - 1234633 圖18係習知的兩片導光板之導光裝置的一般構成圖。 圖19係習知的180度折返型式之導光裝置的一般構成圖。 【圖式代表符號說明】 10、10A、20、30、40、50 、60、70、70A、80、400、500 11、11A、11B、41、42、62、71、72 導光裝置 、71A、81、82、401、402、502 導光板 11a 上侧端面 lib 12、12A、12B、63 至 65、73 至 下侧端面 75 、 83 、 84 三棱鏡 13 LED群 L 箭頭方向 P、S 法線 13a 紅光源 13b 綠光源 13c 藍光源 24、24A、24B 鏡子 51 平行平面板 90 液晶顯示裝置 91、94 偏光板 92 液晶面板 93 相位差板 403 > 503 反射構件 -37- 86706The reflection returned again, incident from the light guide plate U # r ^ 1 9 «on the magic scene. In addition, the light line is opposite to the normal of the opposite surface of the light guide plate. At 28.3 degrees =, because the incident angle of the light is smaller than the angle of the critical condition, it is not necessary to consider The effect of the gap of the light plate. Although the light reaches the wall surface W 彳-疋 in the light guide plate 1 丨, the monthly month at this time is 6 degrees relative to the normal line R. This angle is larger than the critical angle, and the light is reflected and transmitted to the light guide plate. At this time, the reflection by the mirror portion 24 is lower than the reflection by the critical condition, and the reflection efficiency is lower than that of light leaking from the inclined plane of the 稜鏡 12. It is more effective to consider this in the prism 12 When there is no gas layer in the gap with the light guide plate i !, the light incident from the light source 13 does not cause reflection between the triangular prism 12 and the light guide plate ^, so although it directly enters the light guide plate 11, it is 28.3 degrees on the wall surface of the light guide plate n. Angle of arrival. Since this angle is smaller than the critical angle, it is emitted outside the light guide plate 11. That is, at this angle of incidence, the gas layer in the gap between the triad 12 and the light guide plate 11 has a considerable function. That is to say, in FIG. 3 (d), as in the case of FIG. 2 (a), when the negative degree J of the incident light is too high, and the oblique surface of the two prism 12 is emitted, its light is reflected by the mirror 24 and returns again. In the triangular prism 12, it reaches the wall surface in the three-necked collar 12 and reflects on the wall surface, enters from the upper end surface of the light guide plate 丨, and then reaches the wall surface in the light guide plate 11 and reflects on the wall surface. Since any one of the wall surface of the prism 12 and the light guide plate 11 arrives at 6 ° and 7 degrees and reflects, the light is transmitted to the light guide plate 11. This is the same as in the case of FIG. 3 (c), because the reflection efficiency reflected by the mirror 86706 -19-1234633 24 is higher than the reflection efficiency reflected by the critical condition, so it is better than Total waste of light is more effective. In addition, ‘the light enters each of the opposite faces of the prism 12 and the light guide plate 11 at 28.3 degrees’ and the exit angle and the entrance angle are divided into critical angle conditions, so the effect of the gap may not be considered. 3. In the above Figs. 3 (a) to 3 (b), the specific angles of the shooting angles of people with light rays / brothers [the simulation results when shooting people at various angles by ray tracing method are shown in Fig. 4]. In this simulation condition, an angle of incidence of light is equally divided into a range of ± 60 degrees, and 27 rays of light are emitted. When the thickness of the light guide plate u is set to ι0 mm, the gas layer between the prism 12 and the prism 12 becomes 50 μm. In this way, the mirror portion 24, the triangular prism 12, and the light guide 配置 are respectively arranged, and the triangular prism slope and the mirror portion 24 (the gas layer between them are also arranged so as to be 5Q μm). However, in this figure, it is difficult to confirm the gas Layer or mirror 24. The refractive index of the light guide plate U and the prism 12 is set to 492. It can be seen that the light source light incident from the position directly in front of the prism 12 enters the prism 12 and is transmitted to the light guide plate u and from the light guide plate. The lower end face 11b in 11 is emitted into the gas. The most noticeable thing here is that the incident total light rays are emitted from the lower end face lib of the light guide plate 1 on the opposite side and the light guide plate 1 on the opposite side. This is because The light is not leaked from outside the lower end surface nb. In this way, if the light incident on the three sides 12 is repeatedly refracted and reflected, it can be emitted from the lower end surface lb of the light guide plate 11, and the light utilization efficiency and reflection can be obtained. High efficiency light guide device such as efficiency 0 A. However, in reality, due to the loss caused by the reflection at the interface between the prism 12 or the light guide plate and the gas layer, this must be considered. In the present invention, all the light is introduced into the light guide plate U through the gas layer. This gas layer also causes phase loss at 86706 -20-1234633. The composition of the figure has four interfaces: the interface between the gas layer and the triangular prism 12, the interface between the gas layer that enters the second layer 12 and the light guide plate, and the light guide plate 11 The interface between the square gas layer and the light guide plate and the light guide plate and the light exit (the interface of the gas layer, etc., assuming that the loss of the four interfaces is 4%, the transmittance of the four interfaces is 84.9%. However, this The difference in reflectance caused by the incident angle of light is not taken into account. However, by performing the reflection prevention treatment on the interface between the light guide plate 11 or the gas layer of the 稜鏡 12, the reflection efficiency can be greatly improved, such as the The loss is only 2%, and 92 2% of the light is transmitted through the light guide plate 11 and the prism 12. In this way, the anti-reflection treatment (such as an anti-reflection film (low refractive index film) ) It is less applied to any one of the light incident surface and the light exit surface) to improve the transmittance. Since the effect of the light path described in the second embodiment is unchanged, it is desirable to prevent reflection at each interface. Treatment. Such anti-reflection treatment is generally a multilayer film using silicon oxide or titanium oxide. However, the present invention is not limited to this method. When the angle of the incident light becomes large, it is arranged on the slope of the triangular prism 12 The reflection of the mirror Shao 24. Therefore, the reflection efficiency is reduced. Therefore, it is desirable to limit the incident angle of the light as much as possible so that the angle of the incident light foot does not increase. Therefore, the light source 13 has directivity such as an LED (light emitting diode). In the case of a light source with low directivity, since the reflection of the mirror portion 24 arranged by the inclined surface of the prism 2 is increased, there is no gas layer and the mirror portion is arranged. On the bevel, reducing the reflection loss at the interface can reduce the number of optical components. (Embodiment 3) 86706 -21 to 1234633 In this embodiment 3, a combination of two sets of the prism 12 and the light guide plate 11 described in the embodiment 2 is used. 5 (a) to 6 (d) are diagrams for explaining the light rays of Embodiment 3 of the light guide device of the present invention. In FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (b), the light guide device 30 is provided in addition to the LED group 13 of the light source, and is further provided with: a configuration of the light guide device 20 of the second embodiment is divided into two groups. That is, the plate-shaped light guide plates 11A and 11B (the first light guide plate and the second light guide plate) having a thickness, the prisms 12a and 12B (the two prisms, two triangular prisms) that change the direction of the light by 90 degrees, respectively, and the light reflection Used mirror parts μa, 24B. The light guide plates 11A and 11B are arranged side by side in the thickness direction while retaining a certain gap. The upper end surface of the light guide plate 11A is provided with a right-angled surface of one foot of three 稜鏡 12A, and the upper end surface of the light guide plate ΠB is opposite. The right-angled surface on the other side where the triangular prism 12B is arranged, and the other right-angled surface on the three sides 12A and 12B are arranged to face each other. Here, as in the case of the second embodiment, an air layer exists between the triangular prism 12A and the light guide plate 11A, between the three prisms 12B and the light guide plate 11β, between the triangular prisms 12 and 12β, and between the light guide plates 11A and 11B. As a gas layer. The gas layers are held on the inclined surfaces of the two prisms 12A and 12B, respectively, and the respective mirror portions 24A and 24B are arranged. Then, the pattern of the four light paths will be described. In FIG. 5 (a), the light source light of the ED group 13 which enters vertically from the lower end surface of the light guide plate UA is opposite to the normal line p of the slope of the prism 12a, reaches 45 degrees and passes the critical The conditioned reflection arrives at 45 degrees with respect to the normal line P of the inclined surface of one of the triangular prisms 12b, and then exits toward one of the guide plates 86706-22-1234633 of the light plate ΠB under critical conditions. In this way, the direction of the light i8o from one of the light guide plates 11A is changed, and it is determined that the light enters one of the light guide plates 丨 B. In FIG. 5 (b), the light source light of the LED group 1 3 incident from the lower end surface of the light guide plate 丨 1A at a specific angle reaches the wall surface in the light guide plate 丨 a, is reflected under critical conditions, and is incident on the triangular prism. Inside the mirror 12a. At this time, although the light incident into the prism 12A reached its slope, but it did not meet the critical conditions, it temporarily exited from the slope to the outside, reflected at the mirror portion 24 A, and then incident again into the triangle 12A. The light incident on the triangular prism 12A again reaches the inclined surface 'of the triangular prism 12β on one side and is reflected by the critical condition and then enters the other light guide plate 11; 6. In this way, "the light from one light guide plate 11A is changed in a direction of 180 degrees at a specific angle" and then enters one light guide plate 1B and exits from its lower end surface to the outside. In Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 5 (b) above, the gas layer has no special influence between the triangular prism 12 eight and the light guide plate 11A, between the second prism 12B and the light guide plate 11B, and between the triangular prism 12 eight and 12B. However, the cases shown in Figs. 6 (c) and 6 (d) described below exert great effects. In FIG. 6 (C), the light passes through the first light guide plate 11A, and is reflected at the first triangular prism 12A, between the second triangular prism 12B and the second triangular prism 12B, that is, the triangular prism 12B The inner wall surface causes reflection. In this way, when there is no gas layer between the triangular prism 12B and the light guide plate 11B, the light does not cause reflection on the wall surface in the triplex 12B, and is emitted from the wall surface in the second light guide plate 1B to the outside, resulting in a decrease in light guide efficiency. Even in FIG. 6 (d), as in the case of FIG. 6 (c), before entering the second light guide plate 12B from the second triangular button 12B, reflection is caused on the opposite surface between the triangular prisms 12A and 12B. . When there is no gas between the opposite surfaces, the light returns to the 86706th to 23rd-I234633 side of the light guide plate 11A to reduce the light guide efficiency. Even in any of the above cases, it is judged that light incident from one light guide plate 11A can enter the other light guide plate 11B. In Figs. 5 (a) to 6 (d), only the case of a specific angle with an incident angle is described, but the simulation results of the ray tracing method when light is incident at various angles are shown in Fig. 7. In FIG. 7, the simulation conditions are the same as those in FIG. 4. The incident angle is such that 27 rays are incident from the lower end surface of the light guide plate 11A at an angle equally divided into a range of ± 60 degrees, and the thickness of the light guide plate 11A is set to 1. At 〇mm, the gas layer between the 3A and 2A is configured to be 50 μm, and the gas layer between the slope of the 12A of the triangular prism and the Syrian Department 24 is also configured to be 50 μm. Various components. The gas layer between the three prisms 12A and 12B and the gas layer between the light guide plates 11A and 11B are also arranged with a specific gap (50 μm) so as to become 50 μm. The refractive indices of the light guide plate 11A and the triangular prism 12A are set to 1.492. The light incident from the front side (lower end face) of the light guide plate 11 is performed inside the light guide plate 11A through the two prisms 12 A and 12 B, and the direction of the green light is changed by 180 degrees, and then from one side The upper end surface of the light guide plate 11B is incident. The light beam is emitted into the gas from the lower end surface of the light guide plate 11B. In this way, in FIG. 7, it is determined that all light rays incident from the lower end surface of the light guide plate 11A pass through the prisms 12A and UB and the light guide plate 11B on the opposite side, and then exit from the end surface of the light guide plate UB. Therefore, if all the light incident on the light guide plate 11A is repeatedly refracted and reflected, it is transmitted to the other light guide plate 1B and emitted from the lower end surface, so that a light guide device 30 with high light guide efficiency can be obtained. 86706 -24-1234633 (Embodiment 4) This embodiment 4 is a combination of two light guide plates 11A, 11B, two cymbals 12A, 12B, and two mirror portions 24A, 24B described in the third embodiment. Further, the triangular prism 12 is arranged at the light source light incident portion for changing the direction of the light source light. That is, a case where the above-mentioned embodiments 2 and 3 are combined. Of course, there is a gas layer in each gap of each member. Although not specifically shown, each of the slanted surfaces of any of the two slaves 12A, 12B, and 12 retains a specific gap (gas layer), and mirror portions 24A to 24C are respectively arranged. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a fourth embodiment of a light guide device according to the present invention. # In FIG. 8 "The light guide device 40 is provided with: an LED group I3 as a light source of a plurality of colors, a plate-shaped light guide plate 41, 42 (or 42⑴) having three thicknesses, and three for changing the direction of the light source light. Three 稜鏡 12, 12A, 12B. The ㈣group 13 is a red coffee using a red light source among the three primary colors ..., a green LED 13b of a green light source, and a blue LED 13 () of a blue light source. The light guide plate 41 is a light guide plate for color mixing The light guide plate 42 is a light guide plate having a light exit surface that emits light to the direction of the arrow L. On the light guide plate 41, since you take a ride * Shantian Wan, use the red, green, and blue of Nibara 1 ^] 〇Zero light source 'Therefore, when directly incident on the light guide plate 42, the color difference of the emitted light becomes large, causing color mixing on the light guide provided in the front section of the light guide plate 42, so that there is a considerable distance between the upper and lower end faces. A scatter pattern is printed on the back surface of the light plate 42 (the surface on the light guide plate 41 side), and the light is emitted from the surface side of the light guide plate 42 to the direction of the arrow L by causing scattering. The uniformity of the light emission state is controlled by The remaining pattern can be controlled. In FIG. 8, the fine pattern is shrunk on the lower part of the light guide plate 42. For the scattered pattern, increase the scattered pattern on the upper part 86706 -25-1234633 to obtain uniformity. On the last upper end surface, almost all the light is emitted on the surface of the light guide plate 42 (side of the arrow direction L) from the upper side. The light emitted from the end face, that is, the unused light is reduced. In addition, although not shown here, the rear side of the light guide plate 42, that is, a reflection plate as an anti-sub-member is disposed between the light guide plates 41, and it is scattered. The light leaked out of the pattern returns to the inside to facilitate the light guide, so a reflecting plate is used. Therefore, by using the fourth embodiment of the three samples 12, 12A, 12B and the gas layer between the members, brightness can be obtained. Back light with high degree of uniformity. Even though the light guide plate 42 emits light from the surface side to the direction of the arrow VII, as shown in the above-mentioned light guide plate 11B, the direction of the light rays is in the direction of the upper and lower end faces, from The upper end surface or the lower end surface may emit light in a structured manner. Fig. 9 is a simulation result of the forward direction of the light at this time. The simulation conditions at this time are the same as those of Figs. 4 and 7. The light emitted from the light source is sequentially Through each optic Here, as shown in the last light guide plate 42, not only light is emitted from the light exit surface (surface) to the direction of the arrow L, but, as in the last light guide plate 42B (see FIG. 9), light is emitted from the upper end surface. (Embodiment 5) In addition to the light guide of Embodiment 4, the light guide device 50 is installed in Embodiment 4. Although the two light guide plates 41 and 42 are arranged in the vicinity, it is effective, but they are arranged at intervals due to structural problems. When necessary, the two triplexes 12A and 12β arranged side by side will be excessively separated. At this time, because the light beam is shallow and cannot transmit more light, the light guide efficiency is greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, The problem is that in the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, each of the constituent structures of 40 is 86706 -26-1234633 t. One parallel plane plate 51 is arranged between the slave mirrors 12A and 12B. In this way, by inserting the flat plane plate 51, the gas layer between each optical member can be made thin, and all light can be transmitted without waste. (Embodiment 6). There is no problem if the gas layer in the gap of the optical J member is arranged to be longer than the wavelength, but when a small gap is set, as described in the fifth embodiment, it is necessary to use a parallel plane plate 51 because of leakage of light. If the gap between the parallel plane plates 51 is not pinched, it is very effective for obtaining the configuration of the sixth embodiment shown in Fig. U. In the sixth embodiment, it is set so that the light rays leaking from one side to the other are made larger in accordance with the propagation order of the light, and the opposite side of the optical member is made larger and smaller. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic light progressing state of a sixth embodiment of the light guide device of the present invention. In FIG. U, the light guide device ㈣ is provided with: the LED group 13 as a light source of a plurality of colors has plate-shaped light guide plates 61 and 62 having a thickness and three triangular prisms 63_65 for changing the direction of the light source light by 90 degrees. The area of the light exit surface on the light entrance path is larger than that of the light entrance surface. The light from the LED group 13 is urged to enter the prism 63. Although the light is transmitted to the light guide plate 61, the light from the light guide plate 61 on the downstream side of the light path is emitted from the opposite sides of the triangular prism 63 and the light guide plate 61. The area of the entrance surface is larger than the light exit surface of the prism. In this case, even if the gap distance between the surfaces is large, side leakage of light can be suppressed. In the same way, among the faces of the light guide plate 61 and the triangular prism 64 facing each other, the area of the light incident surface of the triangular prism 64 on the downstream side of the light path is larger than that of the light plate 61 86706 -27-1234633.稜鏡 ㈣The area of the light incident surface of the triangular prism 65 on the downstream side of the opposite side is larger than that of Uncle Daoguang 6: kiss out. The area of the light guide plate 62 facing the light guide plate 62 on the downstream side is larger than the light exit surface of the triangle 棱 65. In addition, although it is shown here that in the light path, the light exit surface and the light exit surface of the optical components of the + part are on the downstream side of the light path. The point _ point becomes larger, but the gap distance may be large. Two (Embodiment 7) The structure of the light guide device used in a notebook computer or the like is closer to the emission end: the thickness of the light guide plate becomes thinner. This is because the thinner the number of reflections in the light guide plate increases, even if the same is printed. The scattered pattern also increases the amount of light that is emitted, and as a result, uniform light can be emitted. In addition, the lightness of the light guide plate can be reduced by reducing the thickness of the light guide plate. This structure is shown in FIG. 12 of the seventh embodiment. (a) and FIG. 12 (b). FIG. 12 (a) and FIG. 12 (a) are cross-sectional views showing a schematic light progressing state of the seventh embodiment of the light guide device of the present invention. It is provided with: LED group 13 as a light source of a plurality of colors, plate-shaped light guide plates 7 and 72 having a larger thickness than the light exit surface and a light emitting surface, and three light guides for changing the direction of the light source by 90 degrees. Triangular prisms 73-75. Here, the closer to the end sides of the light guide plates 71 and 72, The degree and thickness of the light guide plate are the same as those of the light guide plate 71. When the light guide plate 72 is formed such that it becomes thinner at the end, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), the thickness of the two pieces can be made uniform. 86706 -28-1234633 'As a result, thickness and weight can be reduced. From the viewpoint of effective utilization of light, it is desirable to have a light guide plate end face (a prism end face) large enough to cover the light source at a position close to the light source. This point has great advantages. Although the sizes of the prisms 74 and 75 are different, as described in the sixth embodiment, the larger the three beams 75 disposed on the rear side of the optical path, the light problem will not occur. In addition, '目 12' In the light guide device 70A of (b), only the thickness of the light guide plate 72 on the light exit side is changed, and the thickness of the light guide plate 71 on the front side of the light path is the same (the thickness is relatively equal to the length direction). Since the light guide plate 71 == uniform φ, the light transmission efficiency is good, and light can be transmitted more effectively. (Embodiment 8) In the above description, although each optical member such as a prism and a light guide plate has a gap between gas layers , But when dust, etc. enters the gap It is easy to reduce the efficiency of light transmission. Therefore, in the eighth embodiment, a sealed case is used in order to create an environment in which the light guide device is isolated from the outside air. This is shown in FIG. 13. FIG. 13 shows the present invention. A schematic cross-sectional view of a light-transmitting state of Embodiment 8 of a light-guiding device. In FIG. 13, the light-guiding device 80 is provided with a plurality of colored light sources and LED groups 13, and a plate-shaped guide having a thickness. Light plates 81, a, a prism 83 for changing the direction of the light source light by 90 degrees, a direction for changing the direction of the light source light by 80 degrees < a prism 84, a sealed housing that seals at least the light guide plates 81, 82 and the prisms 83, 84 85. & The housing 85 is sealed to seal the light guide device 80 containing the light source (LED group 13) 86706 -29-1234633. It is better to store it inside, but because the LED group 13 generates a lot of heat, it is arranged in the Outside the sealed case 85 is more effective at the point of heat dissipation. In this way, the light guide device 80 housed in the sealed case 85 can prevent dust or moisture from entering the outside air. However, it is considered that the moisture in the sealed case 85 is condensed due to the temperature difference and adheres to the gap of the gas layer. Therefore, when the inside of the sealed case 85 is filled with dry gas, the dry nitrogen is substantially free of moisture, so condensation does not occur due to a temperature difference in the sealed case 85. Condensation also has the same effect in dry air. However, to minimize the effects of mold and the like, nitrogen is more effective than air. In addition, the triangular prism 84 shown in FIG. 13 is different from the above-mentioned embodiments 3 to 7, and only one triangular prism 84 is configured to change the direction of the light source light by 180 degrees. In this case, all of the light cannot be transmitted from the light guide plate 81 to the light guide plate 82, and there is also a lot of light returned again. Therefore, although the light transmission efficiency is better than the two triplets of Embodiments 3 to 7 described above, With only one triangular prism 84, there is also an advantage that the so-called optical members are few and easy to fabricate. (Embodiment 9) The light guide device 40 described in Embodiment 4 of Fig. 8 is used as a backlight in a liquid crystal display device. Fig. 14 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display device (Embodiment 9 of the present invention) using a light guide device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In FIG. 14, the 'liquid crystal display tf device 90' is provided with a light guide device 40 as a backlight, and a polarizing plate 91, a liquid crystal panel 9 2, a retardation plate 9 3, and polarized light are sequentially arranged in front of the light guide device 40. Board 9 4. The light guide device 40 uses LEDs as its light source, so that the front line from the red light source 13a, 86706 -30- 1234633, green light source 13 b, 誃, and shield q Q is now incident on the prism prism 2 3 The light guide plate 41 for color mixing, the zirconium protective layer 1? Δ Ί. ^ — 12A, 12B, and the light guide plate 42 for first emission are propagated in the order. Light is emitted to the front side by a scattered pattern printed on the same surface of the Inuda light board 42. Yihe, yue, yue, yue-zhuang, and jingjiu device 90 are optical plates with phase difference plate 93 and polarizing plates 91, 94. Here, the surface of the light guide means 40 is the light guide device 40. Light passes through the polarizing plate 91, through the liquid crystal panel 92, which is produced by the corresponding painting or text, etc., and then through the phase shift plate 93 or the polarizing plate 94, various information such as pictures or text is displayed on the liquid crystal display screen. Since the image displayed here is a light source with high color purity, it can display bright images with a wide range of color reproduction and display with less color aberration and uneven brightness. In the ninth embodiment, although red, green, and blue coffee light sources are used, it is not limited to this. Even if a white LED light source is used, uneven brightness can be obtained. The effect is excellent. In addition, even if it is not an LED, light can be efficiently transmitted to all light sources. In addition, the above-mentioned light guide device and display device using the same are not limited to the above application. For example, the light source may not be attached to the device, and may be a bright light source in the surroundings. When using this device, for example, a lens collects ambient light and transmits it to a prism to transmit it to a light guide plate. It can be used as a front light source for reflective liquid crystals or as a supplementary light source for transmissive liquid crystals. It can also be used as an illumination light source for printed materials. Therefore, according to the fourth and ninth embodiments, as shown in FIG. 14, a light guide device 40 is used as a backlight. The light guide device 40 is provided with a group 1 as a light source 3 and a light guide plate 41 for color mixing. , A light guide plate 42 with a light exit surface, a light guide plate 42 with a light exit surface, light from the LED group 13 being guided to one end face of the light guide plate 41, 12 from the other end of the light guide plate 8660 • 31-1234633 surface light is guided to one of the two end faces 12A, 12B of the light guide plate 42, and the light guide device is arranged behind the liquid crystal display panel 92, and the light guide device 40 is attached to each light guide plate 41 A gas layer is interposed between each of the optical components of the optical prisms 42 and 42 and the triangular prisms 12, 12A, and 12B. As described above, in the light guide device 40 including the LED group 13 having the light source and the two light guide plates 41 and 42, the light guide device 40 is provided between the light path of the light from the light source and the light guide plate 41 and between the light paths of the light guide plates 4 and 42, respectively. There are two prisms, and a gas layer is interposed between the optical members of the light guide plates 41 and 42 and the triangular prisms 12, 12A, and 12B. Therefore, uneven brightness or uneven color when using a light source with a plurality of colors can be reduced, and it can efficiently The critical reflection of each tritium is used to change the direction of the light. (Embodiment 10) As described in Embodiments 1 to 9, the light source light is not limited to be incident from one end surface (one end surface) of the light guide plate, but may be incident from a plurality of end surfaces. For example, Fig. 15 shows an example of incident light from both end faces (opposite end faces). Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic light progressing state of Embodiment 10 of the light guide device of the present invention. In addition, in this example, since it is a left-right symmetrical structure, the same reference numerals are attached to components having the same function on the left and right sides, and descriptions thereof are omitted. In FIG. 15, the light guide device 400 is provided with: plate-shaped light guide plates 401, 401, and 402 having a thickness; triangular prisms 12, 12, 12A, 12A, 12B, and 12B for changing the direction of light by 90 degrees; as The LED groups 13, 13 of the plurality of light sources, and the reflection member 403 that reflects the leaked light in one direction. The light guide plate 401 is a parallel plane plate for mixing light emitted from the first mirror 12 to the direction of the arrow (left and right) and emitted to the three sides of the prism 12 A and the prism 12A. The light guide plate a is disposed between the two triangular prisms 12B and 12B, and has a light emitting surface that guides the light emitted from the two triangular prisms 12β to the left and right directions and to the arrow direction L. The cross-sections of the triangular prisms 12, 12A, and 12B are isosceles right-angled triangles 稜鏡, the surface of which has a slight gap reserved, and is arranged opposite to the end face of the light guide plate 401 or 402. Further, each side of the triangular prism 128 and the triangular prism 12B is disposed to face each other. The refractive indices of the optical members of the light guide plates 401 and 402 and the prisms 12, 12A, and 12β are set to 1.49, and the periphery of the optical members is filled with gas. That is, there are gas layers between the facing surfaces of the triangular prisms 12 and 12A and the light guide plate 401, the facing surfaces of the two prisms 12A and 12B, and the facing surfaces of the triangular prism 12B and the light guide plate 402. The gas layer is refractive index! Layer of air. The LED group 13 series sequentially mixes red, green, and blue into a red light source (red LED), a green light source (green LED), and a blue light source (blue LED) in order, for example, each of which is plurally arranged in a row. The reflection member 403 is arranged in a state sandwiched between the light guide plate 401 and the light guide plate 402. The reflecting member 403 may be a diffusion reflecting plate represented by white PET (polyethylene terephthalate), or a specular reflecting plate such as a mirror. The use of the reflecting member 40 is not only relatively effective compared to the case of the embodiment 10, but when the light guide plates of the first to ninth embodiments emit light as all the light of the surface light source, of course, there is also an effect of increasing the amount of light. … According to the above configuration, the light system from the LED group 13 is incident on the prism 12 and is changed in the direction of 90 degrees and emitted. As detailed in the above embodiment} to 9, 86706 -33-! 234633 can be incidentally Into the light guide plate 401. In addition, the light emitted from the light guide plate 401 is changed into a 180-degree direction through the triangular prisms 12A and 3B, and is incident on the light guide plate 402. The light guide plate 402 emits light at both end surfaces in the direction of arrow l. At this time, the reflecting member 403 is provided on the back side of the light guide plate 40, so that the leaked light can be efficiently emitted in the direction of the arrow L. As described above, in the light guide device 400 of the tenth embodiment, the light guide plate 40 is used as a mixed light area, and the triangular prisms 12A and 12B can effectively guide light to the light guide plate 402 that emits light as a surface light source. It is a structure that can emit human light from both end faces (left and right end faces), and can be a bright surface light source compared to the above-mentioned Shirshi shape complaints 1 to 9 that emit human light from only the square end faces. This allows the light guide device 400 to be used in a display device such as a liquid crystal display device to form a brighter display screen. In addition, FIG. 16 shows the light guide device 500 as a modification of the embodiment 10. The light guide device 500 is provided with a plate-shaped light guide plate 502 having a thickness of three to change the direction of light. 12B, 12B; LED groups 13, 13 as a plurality of light sources; and a reflecting member 503 that reflects light. At this time, the pair of light guide plates 401 and the prisms 12 and 12B shown in FIG. 15 are omitted, and the light from the light source of the group 13 is directly incident on one side of the prism 2B on the light guide plate 502. Light from both end faces is emitted in the direction of arrow L. Thereby, light attenuation is not caused by the operation of the light guide plate 40, and it is brighter than the embodiment 10. In addition, if two such light guide devices 500 are superposed one on top of the other, it becomes a surface light source that is more party-friendly than the aforementioned embodiment. At this time, the reflecting member 503 is omitted. In addition, the arrangement of the triangular prisms 12B and 12B is also shifted by 90 degrees in the plane of each of the upper and lower light guide devices 5000. In addition, not only the opposite end surfaces, but also all the end surfaces (for example, 86706 -34-1234233 four end surfaces) < and a dichroic prism may also be configured so that light is incident from all the end surfaces (for example, four end surfaces). . As described above, according to the present invention, a light guide device having a light source and a light guide plate is provided with a 9th degree change of the light path between the light from the surface and the light guide and the light path. A gas layer is interposed between the light guide plate and the U-th prism, so as to obtain a light guide device that can efficiently change the direction of the light. In addition, when using a light source with multiple colors to become white light, # can reduce unevenness or chromatic aberration in the bright part. . In addition, a second prism (two prisms) that changes the light path by 180 degrees is interposed between the light paths of the light guide plate 1 and the second light guide plate, and between the light guide plate and the second light guide plate and the second prism. There is a gas layer # gap between the two prisms, and a light guide device that can change the direction of the effective money can be obtained. Furthermore, when a light source with a plurality of colors is used as white light, uneven unevenness or Chromatic aberration. [Possibility of industrial use] When the surface light source used in the display device is uneven in brightness or color difference, for example, in a display area such as a liquid crystal display device, the use of a plurality of light sources can be reduced, and the direction of light can be effectively changed. . [Brief description of the drawings] 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration. ≪ Progression of light Fig. 1 is an embodiment of a light guide device of the present invention. Figs. 2 (a) to 2 (d) are sectional views illustrating the light guide device of Fig. 1. Figs. Figs. 3 (a) to 3 (d) of the second embodiment of the clothes set are cross-sectional views illustrating the state of progress of the light guide rays of the present invention. 86706 -35-1234633 Fig. 4 is a simulation result of a ray tracing method according to the second embodiment of the light guide device of the present invention. Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 5 (b) are cross-sectional views for explaining the state (part one) of the progress of light rays in Embodiment 3 of the light guide device of the present invention. y Figs. 6 (c) and 6 (d) are cross-sectional views for explaining the progress state (second) of light rays in Embodiment 3 of the light guide device of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a simulation result of a ray tracing method according to the third embodiment of the light guide device of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a fourth embodiment of a light guide device according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a simulation result diagram of a ray tracing method of the light guide device of FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a fifth embodiment of a light guide device according to the present invention. Fig. 11 is a sectional view showing a schematic light progressing state of the light guide device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 (a) and Fig. 12 (b) are cross-sectional views showing a schematic light progressing state of the seventh embodiment of the light guide device of the present invention.圉 1 3 is a cross-sectional view of the light progress state of the light guide device of the present embodiment. Fig. 14 is a configuration diagram of a liquid crystal display device (Embodiment 9 of the present invention) using a light guide device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic light progressing state of Embodiment 10 of the light guide device of the present invention. Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic light progressing state of a modification of the light guide device of Fig. 15; FIG. 17 is a general configuration diagram of a light guide device having a conventional side-light backlight. 86706 -36-1234633 Figure 18 shows the general structure of a conventional light guide device with two light guide plates. FIG. 19 is a general configuration diagram of a conventional 180-degree folding type light guide device. [Illustration of Symbols in the Drawings] 10, 10A, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 70A, 80, 400, 500 11, 11A, 11B, 41, 42, 62, 71, 72 light guide, 71A , 81, 82, 401, 402, 502 Light guide plate 11a Upper end face lib 12, 12A, 12B, 63 to 65, 73 to lower end face 75, 83, 84 Triangular prism 13 LED group L Arrow direction P, S normal line 13a Red light source 13b Green light source 13c Blue light source 24, 24A, 24B Mirror 51 Parallel plane plate 90 Liquid crystal display device 91, 94 Polarizing plate 92 Liquid crystal panel 93 Phase difference plate 403 > 503 Reflecting member-37- 86706