TWI223135B - Zero-current switching power factor corrector with energy recycling - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a zero-current switching power factor corrector with energy recycling, which is mainly to dispose a filter capacitor, an energy-storage inductor and an energy conversion circuit between a bridge rectifier and a power output end. The output terminal of the power factor corrector controller is connected between the energy-storage inductor and the energy conversion circuit through a CMOS transistor. The energy conversion circuit has a saturation reactance, an energy-storage capacitor, and an inductor in cooperation with several diodes to form different current loops at different operational times, so as to recycle the inverse-directional energy generated during the state-transition, and re-utilize it after the energy-storage, discharging steps, etc., thereby the operational efficiency of the power factor corrector is enhanced.

Description

1223135 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] = Ming is about a zero-current switching work factor correction with energy recovery 221 =: Reverse energy generated during the transition state, which can be reprocessed in 4 steps of energy storage and discharge Use zero current to switch the power factor corrector. [Previous technology] "The existing switching power converters currently include-power factor correction benefits: the circuit of the power factor correction by the aforementioned power factor corrector,-connection to the forward output controlled by the power factor corrector Circuit and a power supply circuit with independent wave width modulation function. Middle: The power factor correction controller is used to control the aforementioned boost conversion circuit and forward output circuit, and cooperate with the output electric constant power output. The traditional power factor corrector converts the energy from the input to the output by the switch of the switch. At the ideal moment of the switch, the voltage across the switch is zero (zvs) or flows through The current on both sides of the switch is zero (zero-electric-grip switching achieves no switching loss and reduces electromagnetic interference problems. || Although the traditional zero-current switching converter can minimize the switching loss of the switch, it still has the problem of energy loss. As the same inventor created and filed an application for approval of the new patent case No. 2759514 "zero current switching circuit of power regulator" (see Annex I), its creative background for the The power regulator (work factor is correct) is proposed to be reviewed. As shown in its fourth figure, a switching power supply has the advantages of using a small number of components and lower production costs3, but its improvement efficiency is only about 8 5%, and because the recovery current of the diode (7 3) is quite large, it will increase the switching loss, and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by it is also very considerable, and because of the sharp reverse recovery current through the switch during the switching The component is easy to damage, so its component reliability is the worst. As shown in the fifth figure, it is another switching power supply, which uses a number of serially connected Schottky diodes (74) (Shockley Diode) and resistors and capacitors instead of the aforementioned diode (73). This structure still has the advantage of using fewer components in the previous circuit. In addition, due to the reverse of the Schottky diode (7 4) The recovery current is small, so the electromagnetic interference it may cause is also small, but its efficiency is still low, only about 8 7%, and the forward voltage drop is increased due to the connection of multiple diodes, which causes a large switching loss. , Its pressure resistance is not easy to balance, but easy to cause damage. The components have poor reliability and high manufacturing costs. As for the zero-voltage switching power supply shown in the sixth figure, its efficiency can reach 9 =%, and because its reverse recovery current is recovered through the zero-voltage switching circuit, the electromagnetic interference is relatively low. It is small, but its zero voltage switching circuit will produce a sharp switching action larger than the input current, so it cannot reduce electromagnetic interference to a minimum. In addition, the number of parts used in this zero power M switching power supply is the most rural, and Because the control is complicated, there is a sharp current flowing through the active element, so the reliability of the element is better than the above. There is no improvement in the efficiency of the switching power supply; > Yanjiu is discussing this issue, and the aforementioned patent case further It is proposed that the early determination of Fangmu 'is to use energy consumption to eliminate reverse recovery current to improve electricity: power factor and improve electricity efficiency. The specific method is to set the switching circuit-the consumption of capacitors, inductors, saturated inductors and resistors. The energy circuit uses [223135] to absorb the reverse recovery current generated when the consumption is triggered, and # avoids interference and sharp current through the dynamic element. Although the aforementioned patent case has greatly improved the work efficiency of the power factor corrector, and solved the electromagnetic interference caused by the reverse recovery current and its damage to the dynamic element: 'the so-called reverse recovery current is actually a kind of energy 'If recycled and reused, it will help power factor correction: further improve. + [Content of the invention] Because the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a zero-current switching power factor corrector that can further recover the monthly amount of b to be consumed, so that it has an energy recovery function to further improve Its efficiency and reduced energy loss are 0%. The main technical means adopted to achieve the foregoing purpose is to make the aforementioned power factor correction benefit-a bridge capacitor and a power output terminal are provided with a filter capacitor, an energy storage inductor, and an energy conversion circuit; and there is a power factor correction control The output end of the device is connected between the energy storage inductor and the conversion circuit through a metal-oxide half field effect transistor; wherein: the energy conversion circuit is connected in series with a saturated reactance and a power diode to the aforementioned energy storage inductor and power output Between the terminals, an inductor, an energy storage capacitor, and several diodes are connected to the aforementioned saturated reactance, power diode, and metal-oxide half field effect transistor to form several current loops, and it is convenient to work at different times. Recycling the reverse recovery current generated by the seventh-day capture, and then transporting it to the output of the power wheel for reuse through steps such as energy storage and discharge, thereby effectively improving the work efficiency of the power factor corrector. The aforementioned energy conversion circuit includes a saturated reactance between the first power and the power output terminal; a rate diode is connected in series with the energy storage inductor, and the recovery valley is transmitted through the inductor and the diode in the saturated capacitor. A circuit is formed between the first and second poles of the power rate; the second pole is connected to the power output terminal through another second pole; a consumption resistor whose-terminal is connected to the aforementioned inductor, and through the capacitor and the aforementioned saturated reactance, The inductor forms a loop; the capacitor is connected to the power output terminal; the storage capacitors at the terminals 2, and are connected between the power output terminal and ground. The aforementioned power factor correction control J device is composed of a pulse width modulation circuit. [Embodiment] For a specific circuit structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, please refer to the first figure: "It's not made-the power factor corrector is connected to a-bridge rectifier, (10)" power wheel output Vc > Ut is provided with a filter capacitor C !, an energy storage inductor Li, and an energy conversion circuit (2㈧; and a power factor correction control device: device 2 30) is connected through a gold-oxygen half field effect transistor Qi. Between the energy storage inductor and the energy conversion circuit (20); of which: the power factor school :: The system (30) is composed of a pulse width modulation circuit. The circuit for switching (20) is Including: ^ turn a saturated reactance L2, which is connected in series with a power diode Dl between the aforementioned inductor Li and the power output; the 1223135 energy recovery capacitor & One pole limb D2 in

He does not form a loop between the reactance L2 and the power diode D, and the body D); the diode D2 :, °-the pole body D3 is connected to the power output terminal; The inductor L3 forms a loop with the aforementioned Yuhe reactance L3 through an electric valley C3. The capacitor C3 is again connected to the power output terminal by a pole body 1) 4; a terminal energy storage capacitor G is connected to Ray% recognized,

You are connected between the output of the power wheel and the ground. /, Mu L As shown in the second figure, it is the waveform of the working voltage and current of the present invention at different timings. The specific circuit working principle will be described in conjunction with the third figure, in which all timings are divided into seven segments from TO to T6 to explain one by one. The fourth graph is the theoretical hysteresis curve of the saturated electric current A L2 at different timings. The characteristics of the saturated reactance L2 at different timings are used to achieve zero current switching ⑽) and energy recovery. First, please refer to the circuit characteristics at each timing shown in the third figure: TO: TO is connected to Tfi & ^ ^ only from ib, because this action is already in a stable state, the capacitor C3 at this time maintains the original discharge State, and the saturation inductance L2 enters the saturation state and exhibits a short-circuit characteristic. The metal-oxide half-field effect transistor Q1 has not been turned on, so the input energy is passed through the current of the bridge rectifier (i 〇) ^ via the energy storage inductor Li and the saturation inductance Lz, diode Di provide the required energy to the output. At T6, the current flowing through the capacitor & disappears due to the saturation of the saturation inductance ^ H c3 The consumption current l2 continuously consumes energy on the resistor Ri via the saturation inductance L2 and the inductance L3, which is used for the next charge ready. Heart T1: In this state, Jin Qi's half-field effect transistor Qi is preparing to turn on 1223135. At this moment, because the current l2 still flows in the original direction, and the saturation inductance L2 is in the discharging state, so the electricity is l2, l4 and the current. "The current direction is offset by 4. The metal-oxide half-field effect transistor Ql achieves the purpose of zero-current switching operation to reduce the switching loss. At this time, the current h generated by the saturation inductance L2 flows through the diode to the output terminal, so it is saturated. Uncle Xian T y A L2 will go from saturation to active state. Capacitor C3 will still maintain the original discharge state. T2: In this state, the gold-oxygen half field effect transistor Qi has been turned on, and the saturation inductance L2 has been discharged at this time. It enters the active area and presents a high-impedance state, while diode D is in a reverse recovery state, so two $ -direction currents, such as current h and i6, are generated, and most of them flow through the current path of h to ground in the reverse direction, only a few miles The current passes through the Is current path. The current flowing through the inductor u, the resistor I, and the capacitor 0: the current to the ground will store the reverse energy of the diode 仏 in the inductor W in preparation for energy recovery. T3: In this state, two Polar body D1 reverse The quantity has been released, so at this time, the polarity of the inductor l3 will be reversed to generate two currents I and 18. The current I 7 'flows through the diode to charge the capacitor C2, and the diode Di is stored in reverse energy. The capacitor C2 achieves the purpose of energy recovery; the other is the current I8, which is charged by the inductor L3, the resistor Ri, and the capacitor ㈣ saturation sense U, and the saturation sensor L2 is pushed from the active area to the saturation area to show a low Impedance state. As shown by the arrow T3 in the fourth figure, it is pushed from the third quadrant to the first quadrant. _ T4 · At this time, the inductor L3 has completely released the energy to the capacitor c2, and the energy will be converted into a voltage and stored in Capacitor C2 is waiting to be reused. Capacitor C3 keeps discharging to generate current to continuously push the saturation inductance L2 to saturation. 1223135 Ding 5 ·· In this state, the metal-oxide half-field effect transistor Qi is preparing to shut down the jack to store 旎The inductor Li begins to release its stored energy. Because the capacitor & itself has a negative voltage difference, the reverse voltage across the diode h will not be conducted = the diode D3 conducts forward voltage, so the current IiQ is stored by energy Inductance current, two saturated saturation inductance U The capacitor & diode d3 to the voltage output terminal Vout will recover the energy from the capacitor ο to the output terminal. This action achieves the purpose of reusing energy valley C2 to recover energy. At this time, the capacitor Cs still maintains discharge. ,its

The current Is on the shuttle continues to push the saturation inductance b to a saturated state, but at this time the energy is very small. T6 · In this state, the energy of the capacitor C2 has been completely released, so the voltage difference originally brought to it has returned to zero, so the diode D3 is not conducting at this time, and the diode / conducting is due to the forward bias, So the current h. Will pass the saturation sensor L2, diodes Di to Vout. At the same time, the lightning current h 夬, 丨, 曰, &, &, 于, and mu are measured at the left of the mu and rise to the voltage output terminal v0ut, then the current Is is formed by the diode D in the forward direction and the same path. The current 19 passes through the energy storage inductor Li, capacitor C3, diode d4, 5 thunder, and eyebrows, U4 to wide / outside of the original wheel and the capacitor

C3 charges. Finally, it returns to the TO sequence repeatedly. With the above description, the circuit structure and working principle of the power factor of the present invention can be understood. As for an energy recovery thunderbolt, 4 sigh < tea private flow power factor corrector is better specific The specifications can be listed as follows, and the main Kaidu King needs 70 pieces of ratings. The selection procedure will be as follows: Input and output voltage and current gauge t

Input voltage vin 90V / 60HZ

Output voltage V〇ut 400V 9 1223135 Maximum output power Pout 1 000W Working frequency fs 100kHz Disk and reactance: From the working waveform, the saturation inductance Lz must meet the following conditions: 1 · To achieve the purpose of zero current switching, the saturation inductance b The energy release time I of the leakage inductance is greater than the climb time n of the transistor Q1, and the waveform is shown in Figure 5. The 20 ns time above is the zero-current switching time; 2. You must see the saturation inductance u in T2 The reverse of charge Di, which holds the diode Di, does not produce saturation; see phenomenon. The specification table provided by the component manufacturer knows that the climb time of the metal-oxide half-field-effect transistor Q 丨 is about 20ns, and the reverse recovery charge of the diode ⑴ is 45A / n capacitor C (L3 = 1OOuH; T = 1 〇〇 (&c; c) Second, the peak current Ip formula ⑴ and the volt-second balance formula (2) can be obtained ρ = 16.76A, saturation inductance 12 = 〇. 48uH. (1) L2-^

Here it is necessary to verify whether the saturation inductance L2 is saturated. The formula ⑺ is the slope of the I current. Substitute the value to 4A / US. Then substitute this result for (4) and find 3. The time is 15nS. The volt-second product is the plane xi50ns = 60n volt-seconds. Finally, substitute the magnetic flux variable formula (5) to get the victory. 5 97 κ Gaussian L2 specification table for saturation sensibility is = 51 (Gauss, a /? / OD〆μ person ^ △ force < 2 if Qrr does not cause saturation Anti-L2 produces saturation. (3) (4) (5) dL = corpse dt JL3 M (S), 2 M = —

NxAexlO 10 1223135 Thunderbolt C2 for energy recovery: Because the voltage Cc2 of the capacitor C2 must be lower than ^ m / ¾ to prevent the diode D! From malfunctioning, Vu should be lower than 600v — 400V = 200V, select here The calculation of the span voltage is 120V. Since La's energy is completely released to the capacitor ο during energy recovery, the capacitance C2 = 2500pF is obtained by shifting the term of formula (6).

Ju = ~-^ 3 x / l32 = ~ C2 xF〇22 2 2 (6) Capacitor G for increasing the saturation reactance: Since the energy of capacitor C2 is recovered, the maximum instantaneous energy on capacitor C2 will be equal to the saturation state energy on saturation inductance L2, The T6 time on the fifth figure is the current waveform at this time, so the maximum leakage current ILK on the saturation saturation reactance u can be calculated by formula (7) as 8 · 7A. Here we assume that ~ 3 working voltage is 9V and substituted into formula (8) It can be found that the current settling time T6 is 0.43us, and then this value is substituted into the formula (9) to obtain the value of the capacitance c3 of 19uF. / lk = [2xJC2 (7) (8) (9) V u T * _ ('P —) x 2%-Vc, ~~ C3, and "仏 一' LK) Xr6 VC3 2 VC3 due to resistance R丨 is used to dissipate capacitor C3 to push the saturation inductance L2 towards the saturation: resistance, so it must be able to withstand the energy consumed by the capacitor. And it is necessary to estimate the wattage that it can withstand, so the resistance value is 51Q through formula (ι〇). According to formula (η), Guantian eight <ii ^ j estimates that it takes a large consumption wattage p resistance Ri 0 · 78W. η _ Factory C3 ^ Tperiod ^ ^ C3 Λΐ'7α = 2 (/; ^ 〇χ7; (10)

Pr! = ^ C3 (mis) In order to verify the proposed switching power supply with energy recovery, the power factor correction of the basin power factor corrector will affect the reasoning during circuit operation, which is different from previous experiments. The energy recovery circuit of the present invention which only generates and sets a single rate is mainly used to compare the efficiency of the parts. 'Because of this, the present invention will be used to prevent each diode from being used. The influence of different material coefficients 整体 on the overall efficiency is greatly affected. Attachment II shows the same power diode specification table as the difference between the main electricity = 2 of this experiment. ~ The difference in energy loss after the invention in the three listed materials in Appendix III is not used in the comparison with Ji Father. The zero-current switching circuit with the switching method and the recovery of the added amount ^ 7 shows that the selected material can be added. The "effect" of power and force with poor coefficients will be more pronounced as the effect. 丨 -Polar body The sixth picture of the efficiency improvement of this circuit is that the input voltage and lightning power factor are almost UU9,); when switching waveforms, here The switching voltage was measured; = the zero current of the shaft is already large * 6A is not high, and the motor's time is almost zero. The following main: switching losses. The eighth to tenth-the picture is a single-cycle, and two Ming: The day-to-day electric current waveform is used to compare with the theoretical waveform. It is clear that the efficiency curve of the circuit of the present invention can be lowered. It can be clearly seen that the figure 12 is the difference between the overall efficiency of different loads. Add more to this; 2 the choice of the output power diode into the efficiency difference that the circuit of the present invention can improve 12. 12 to p &lt; make soap flow switching power factor corrector can achieve the effect of improving the efficiency of the traditional power factor corrector. Metal Oxide Half Field Effect Transistor Produces almost no energy consumption effect, work factor; ^ tl _ _ Zheng Yi has an effect of almost 1 on its power factor, the power factor corrector of the 2 systems can reverse the problem of reverse saturation energy of the diode. Development: The proposed circuit is improved and solved. And through this circuit experiment with the energy returning zero electric knife power factor correction device, the enrollment can reduce more than 10 watts of enrollment ^ This circuit is even a power diode with the best material coefficient You can save more energy, so you can work in four places, and this invention has a very good first-better month b. Furthermore, the invention has the progress of ^ eight jaws, and meets the requirements of the invention patent,申请 File the application according to the law. [Simplified description of the drawings] (A) The first part of the second part of the drawing, the third picture, the fourth picture, and the fourth diagram. It is the circuit diagram of the present invention. The present invention is at different timings. It is the working waveform diagram of the saturated reactance of the present invention. The schematic diagram of the circuit characteristics below. Theoretical hysteresis at different timings. The fifth graph is π π. The sixth graph is the seventh graph. Figure of a metal-oxide-semiconductor half-field-effect transistor. Figure of zero-voltage switching wave 13 1223135. Figure 8 shows the voltage and current waveforms of the saturated reactance of the present invention. ^, Current waveform diagram of capacitor C3. Tenth diagram: the current waveform diagram of the metal-oxide half field effect transistor Vds of the present invention to the power diode D !, diode D4. The eleventh figure: the metal-oxide of the present invention Current waveform diagram of half field effect transistor Vds to power diode D! And capacitor C2. Figure 12: Comparison chart of the overall efficiency curve of the present invention. Electrical diagram of the present invention-the exchangeable form of a feasible embodiment Copy of Power Supply Announcement Patent No. 2795-14. It is the specification table of the main circuit components of the present invention. The actual switching method of the traditional switching method and the zero-current cut-off switching method and the use of Xiao Te, only test Comparison table of overall efficiency. (1) Symbols of component (3 0) = whole (2 0) energy conversion circuit (d U) power factor correction controller Annex 1 Annex Annex 14

Claims (1)

1223l35 The scope of patent application: 1. A zero-current switching power factor corrector with energy recovery, which is mainly connected between a bridge rectifier and the power output terminal-a reduction capacitor,-an energy storage inductor, and-energy Conversion circuit ... The conversion circuit of the electric valley is connected to the energy storage inductor and the convertible circuit through a metal-oxide half field effect transistor (6) at the output end of the power factor correction controller; of which: 'The energy conversion circuit is A saturated reactance and a power diode are connected in series as described in the energy storage inductor and the power source 碑 monument gate, and the inductor, an energy storage capacitor and several diodes are connected to the aforementioned wheel. Farley 4 and 7 describe the connection of a saturated electric voltage, a power diode, and a metal-oxide half-field-effect electric BS body to form several current loops; thereby, the aforementioned circuit can recover the reverse recovery current generated when the trigger is triggered at different times. After the energy storage and discharge are counted, they are sent to the power output for reuse. 2 · If the patent, please ask for the scope of patents! The zero-current-switching power factor corrector with energy recovery as described in the item, the energy conversion circuit includes: a saturated reactance L2, which is connected in series with a power-β A + ^ T rt Lifeng-polar body Di Energy inductor L] and the power output terminal; a diode D2 is in the '50h and a pole £ 2), and the capacitor C3 and an energy recovery capacitor G are passed through the inductor-saturated reactance L2 and the power two A circuit is formed between the pole bodies Di and is connected to the power wheel output terminal through another diode Da; a consumption resistor Rl 'is connected at one end to the aforementioned inductor u-capacitor C3 and the aforementioned saturated voltage ⑯l2, ⑨l3 to form a circuit 3; via a two The pole D1 is connected to the power output terminal; a terminal energy storage capacitor 15 1 is connected between the power output terminal and the ground 1223135 3 · Zero current switching power factor with energy recovery as described in item 1 or 2 of the scope of patent application A corrector, the power factor correction controller is composed of a pulse width modulation circuit. Pick up, schema: as next page 16