【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種停車場車位管理方法及系統，尤指 一種可即時顯示場內車位使用狀況，並使入場車輛快速完 成停車動作以提升管理效率與服務品質之方法及系統 【先前技術】 停車，對於都會區的駕駛人是一個每天都要面對的夢 魘。主要原因在於都會區地狹人稠，可供停車的場地極其 有限，故不論是住宅區或商業區在尖峰時段經常出現一位 難求的窘況。然而，如此的狀況事實上亦反應出一種商機 來，亦即收費停車的服務，對於大部分車主而言，付出合 理的停車費可以減少在街上來回苦尋車位的時間，快速將 車停好，是何樂不爲！ 但即使是收費服務的停車場，如無適當的管理以提供 即時有效的資訊，將造成駕駿人尋找停車位的困擾，甚至 徒勞往返。舉例而言，一般傳統的停車場，管理人員必須 隨時巡視並記錄是否有空的車位，然後再指示新進入的車 輛停靠到閒置的車位上。但對於規模稍大或位於車位需求 較爲緊張的停車場，因車位的使用具有隨機性，如採取前 述的人工管理方式，顯然無法即時而詳實的呈現場內車位 的使用狀況，在管理人員無法順利指引出閒空車位具體位 置的狀況下，駕駿人只能自行在場內搜尋停車位，除造成 時間的浪費，亦使停車場的服務品質無從提升。 594595 由上述可知，既有停車場缺乏有效的管理，造成車位 使用效率不彰與駕駛人進場停車之困擾，故有待進一步檢-討，並尋求有效可行的解決方案。 【發明內容】 因此，本發明主要目的在提供一種停車場車位的管理 方法，其可即時呈現場內停車位的使用狀況予進場車輛的 駕駿人，以快速完成停車動作，並有效提升服務品質者。 爲達成前述目的採取的主要技術手段係令前述方法包 括下列步驟： 對停車場內每一車位定義其位置座標，並施以一車位 狀態感應手段； 收集各車位的使用狀況並予以轉換爲車位使用狀況訊 息； 將場內各車位的使用狀況訊息顯示於停車場入場處， 供待入場車輛瞭解場內車位使用狀況及閒空車位的具體位 置，以導引入場車輛迅速完成停車動作； 利用前述方法可對停車場的車位狀況作最有效率的管 理，並因可使駕駛人縮短停車所花費時間，而提升服務品 質。 前述管理方法進一步包括一最佳路徑導引手段，係對 停車場內各車位的通道賦予通行指示功能，以導引入場車 輛以最佳路徑迅速到達停車位。 本發明次一目的在提供一種停車場車位管理系統，係 4 594595 在停車場內的每一車位分設車位狀態感應器，並與一電腦 連線，由電腦循環掃瞄各車位狀態感應器，以檢知場內各 停車位的閒置/佔用狀況，並將結果產生於一設在入場處 的車位情報板上，供入場的車輛快速找到可供停放的停車 位。 前述系統進一步包括複數分設於場內各車位通道上的 通行指示模組，各通行指示模組係受電腦控制，根據其掃 瞄取得的各車位狀態，經過運算產生一最佳路徑，進而驅 動該路徑上各通行指示模組產生導引燈號，使入場車輛得 以更快速的找到車位並完成停車動作。 前述通行指示模組至少包括有一前進指示燈、一車輛 感應器及一停止指示燈；其中，前進指示燈及停止指示燈 係分別作爲行進方向導引與停車位置指示，又車輛感應器 則用以感應汽車是否通過通行指示模組，據以作爲點亮預 定行進路徑上的下一通行指示模組。 【實施方式】 有關本發明具體的實施方式，係令一停車場的管理系 統包括下列裝置：（請配合參閱第一、二圖所示） 複數的車位感應器（1 0 )，係設於停車場內各車位 的適當位置，用以檢測車位的使用狀態； 一電腦（2 0 )，係連結並收集前述每一車位感應器 (1 0 )的資料並進行資料轉換； 一車位情報板（3 0 )，係與電腦（2 0 )連線，其 5 594595 根據停車場的實際情況製作，令停車場中的每一個車位對 應車位情報板（3 0 )上的一個位置，車位情報板（3 0 · )上的車位排列順序與停車場內車位的實際位置一一對應. ;當電腦（2 0 )掃瞄取得各車位感應器（1 0 )的信號 後，經轉換處理後將各個車位的使用狀況顯示在車位情報 板（3 0 )上，供待入場車輛的駕駿人掌握車內的車位使 用狀況。有關前述各裝置進一步的具體構造詳如以下所述 該車位感應器（1 0 )可分別由感應線圈、超音波感 _ 應器、紅外線感應器、微波感應器、壓力感應器等各種不 同的感應器構成；其中： 當車位感應器（1 0 )係採用感應線圈時，係在每個 車位的地板上開槽並埋設數股導線；當車輛停靠到車位上 時，車體上的金屬將導致導線的電感量增加，故只須檢測 導線電感量的變化即可判斷車位上是否有車輛。 當車位感應器（1 0 )係採用超音波感應器時，其係 在車位的後方安裝超音波探頭，由超音波探頭發射超音波 · 信號，若車位上停有車輛，部分超音波信號將被反射回超 音波探頭，經由檢測超音波的反射波信號，即可判斷車位 上是否已有車輛。 當車位感應器（1 0 )係採用紅外線感應器時，係在 車位的相對兩側分別安裝紅外線發射器與接收器，當車位 上停有車輛時，發射器發射出的紅外線信號將被車輛遮斷 而無法到達接收器，經由檢測接收器的紅外線信號，即可 6 594595 用以判斷車位上是否已有車輛； 當車位感應器（1 0 )係採用微波感應器時，係在車· 位的後方安裝微波探頭，微波探頭發出微波信號，若車位_ 上已停有車輛，部分微波信號將被車體反射回微波探頭， 經由檢測微波探頭所接收的反射波信號，可用以判斷車位 上是否已有車輛； 當車位感應器（1 0 )係採用壓力感應器時，壓力感 測器係安裝在車位的地板上，經由檢測壓力感測器的狀態 ，即可判斷車位上是否已有車輛。 _ 由於不同車位上的車位感應器（10)並不會相互干 擾，故所有車位感應器（1 0 )可以同時工作。而車位感 應器（1 0 )的檢測結果暫存於內部，當電腦（2 0 )掃 瞄到該車位感應器（1 0 )後，該車位感應器（1 0 )即 將檢測結果傳送予連線的電腦（2 0 )。 前述電腦（2 0 )係令每個車位感應器（1 0 )分配 到一適長時間的時間間隙，本實施例中爲10ms，若電腦.（ 2 0 )在10ms內未收到車位感應器（1 〇 )的應答，電腦 φ 將給車位的狀態標示爲“未知”；若10ms內電腦（2 0 ) 收到車位感應器（1 0 )的應答，電腦（2 0 )根據即應 答結果將該車位的狀態標示爲“閒置”或“已佔用”，同 時繼續掃瞄下一個車位。若某個車位連續多次都未對電腦 (2 0 )的查詢進行應答，電腦（2 0 )則將該車位的感 應功能標示爲“故障”。 以1000個車位的大型停車場計算，電腦（2 0 )掃瞄 7 594595 一次最長只需要1000*10ms=10s，換言之，即使是多達1000 車位的停車場，管理人員在10秒內可以獲取停車場的所有-車位資訊。 再者，前述電腦（2 0 )取得各車位感應器（1 0 ) 的車位使用狀態後，係利用車位情報板（3 0 )作爲顯示 終端，以便在停車場入場處提示予入場駕駛人瞭解。該車 位情報板（3 0 )上的車位狀態係由四色指示燈指示，其 分別爲綠、黃、白、紅。 當指示燈顯示爲綠色時，係表示目前車位閒置； _ 指示燈顯示爲黃色時，係表示車位已經停放車輛； 指示燈顯示爲白色時，係表示該車位狀態未知； 指示燈顯示爲紅色時，係表示車位感應器故障。 如前揭所述，該車位情報板（3 0 )係受電腦（2 0 )控制，根據電腦（2 0 )的指示，車位情報板（3 0 ) 即時顯示每個車位的狀態。 又，車位情報板（3 0 )與電腦（2 0 )之間係以一 對一的方式相連，電腦（2 0 )與車位感應器（1 0 )之 φ 間則以一對多的方式相連。而考慮到供電及安裝的便利性 ，根據車位的物理位置可將複數的車位感應器（10)分 組，每組可以有10〜128個車位感應器，同組的車位感應器 以匯流排方式連接，每組匯流排分別連接到電腦（2 0 ) 的串列埠，藉此可有效簡化配線作業，而利於安裝。 由上述可知，本發明利用設於停車場入口處的車位情 報板，可供管理人員及入場駕駛人及時瞭解車位的使用情 8 594595 況，但對進入停車場的駕駛者，如仍須自行尋找閒置車位 或由管理人員指引到閒置車位，對於車位需求緊張的停車 場，其管理效率仍有待提升。 爲此，本發朋謹在前述的管理系統基本架構下，進一 步增加一通行指示模組（40)(如第三、四圖所示）， 使駕駛人得以更快速的到達閒置車位，而有效提升服務品 質。 該通行指示模組（4 0 )係於一封裝體上分設有一前 進指示燈（4 1 )、一停止指示燈（4 2 )及一車輛感應 器（4 3 )組成（如第五圖所示），其與前述車位感應器 (1 0 )相同，可採成組方式以匯流排與電腦（2 0 )的 串列埠連結，以受電腦（2 0 )控制。 又通行指示模組（4 0 )係設在停車場車輛行進方向 上，其受電腦（2 0 )的控制並向電腦（2 0 )回報車輛 通過情況。電腦（2 0 )根據每個車位的狀態計算出車輛 進出停車場的最佳行車路線，然後驅動對應通行指示模組 (4 0 )上的不同燈號更新顯示。 當通行指示模組（4 0 )收到允許前進的指令時，其 上的綠色前進指不燈（4 1 )將點亮；反之，當通行指示 模組（4 0 )收到禁止前進的指令時，紅色的停止指示燈 (4 2 )即點売。當車輛通過通彳了指示模組（4 0 )時， 其上的車輛感應器（4 3 )立即通知電腦（2 0 )車輛目 前的位置，電腦（2 0 )根據車輛新的位置重新計算並更 新對應模組的顯示，藉以令進出場車輛以最佳路徑前進。 9 594595 又，前述通行指示模組（4 Ο )中的車輛感應器（4 3)可採用超音波感應器或微波感應器’超音波探頭或微 波探頭垂直方向發射信號，車輛位於模組上方時’探頭發 射出的部分信號被車輛的底盤反射回探頭；車輛不位於模 組上方時，探頭發射出的信號不會被反射回探頭，車輛感 應器（4 3 )即可根據反射回的信號以判斷是否有車輛通 過模組。 由上述可知，本發明係利用電腦掃瞄收集各車位上所 設感應器之訊息，藉以顯示在停車場入場處的車位情報板 上，其可供管理人員或入場駕駿人取得最新的車位情報， 以利於車位管理及加速完成停車動作；又本發明進一步採 取一通行指示機制，其係在停車場內各個通道上分設以通 行指示模組，由電腦根據所取得各車位的狀態，經運算產 生一最佳路徑，而循序點亮該路徑上的通行指示模組，使 車輛可以更快的速度、更短的時間完成進退場；以前述設 計確已具備顯著的實用性、新穎性與進步性，並符合發明 專利要件，爰依法提起申請。 【圖式簡單說明】 (一）圖式部分 第一圖：係本發明一較佳實施例的方塊圖。 第二圖：係本發明一較佳實施例的停車場示意圖。 第三圖··係本發明又一較佳實施例的方塊圖。 第四圖··係本發明又一較佳實施例的停車場示意圖。 10 594595 第五圖 (10 (30 (41 (43 :係本發明又一較佳實施例之通行指示模組示意圖 〇 元件代表符號 )車位感應器 （2 0 )電腦 )車位情報板 （4 0 )通行指示模組 )前進指示燈 （4 2 )停止指示燈 )車輛感應器[Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a method and system for managing parking spaces in a parking lot, and more particularly, to a method and system that can instantly display the use of parking spaces in the venue and make the entering vehicles quickly complete the parking action to improve management efficiency and service quality. [Previous technology] Parking is a nightmare for drivers in metropolitan areas. The main reason is that the metropolitan area is narrow and densely populated, and the parking space is extremely limited. Therefore, whether it is a residential area or a commercial area, there is often a difficult embarrassment during peak hours. However, this situation actually reflects a business opportunity, that is, a parking service for a fee. For most car owners, paying a reasonable parking fee can reduce the time spent searching for parking spaces on the street and quickly park the car. , Why not do it! However, even if the parking lot is charged service, if it is not properly managed to provide real-time and effective information, it will cause troubles for drivers to find parking spaces, and even return in vain. For example, in a traditional parking lot, the management staff must inspect and record the available parking spaces at any time, and then instruct newly-arrived cars to park in the vacant parking spaces. However, for a parking lot that is slightly larger or has a tight parking space demand, because the use of parking spaces is random, if the aforementioned manual management method is adopted, it is obviously impossible to present the use of parking spaces on the site in a timely and detailed manner. Guided by the specific location of free and empty parking spaces, drivers can only search for parking spaces on-site by themselves. In addition to wasting time, the service quality of the parking lot cannot be improved. 594595 From the above, it is known that the existing parking lot lacks effective management, causing the inefficient use of parking spaces and the problems of drivers entering and parking, so it needs to be further examined and discussed, and an effective and feasible solution is sought. [Summary of the Invention] Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for managing parking spaces in a parking lot, which can instantly present the usage status of the parking spaces in the parking lot to the driver of the approaching vehicle to quickly complete the parking action and effectively improve the service quality. By. The main technical means adopted to achieve the foregoing purpose is to make the aforementioned method include the following steps: define the position coordinates of each parking space in the parking lot, and apply a parking state sensing means; collect the use status of each parking space and convert it into the parking space use status Information; display the usage status information of each parking space in the parking lot at the entrance of the parking lot, for the vehicles to be admitted to understand the use of the parking space in the parking lot and the specific location of the free parking space, so as to guide the vehicles in the parking lot to complete the parking action quickly; The most efficient management of parking conditions is provided, and the service quality is improved because it allows the driver to shorten the time spent parking. The aforementioned management method further includes an optimal path guidance method, which is to give a passage instruction function to the passages of the parking spaces in the parking lot, so as to guide the vehicles brought into the parking place to reach the parking space quickly by the optimal route. A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a parking space management system. The system is equipped with a parking status sensor for each parking space in the parking lot, and is connected to a computer. Know the vacancy / occupation status of each parking space in the venue, and generate the result on a parking information board located at the entrance, for vehicles entering the venue to quickly find parking spaces available for parking. The aforementioned system further includes a plurality of access instruction modules arranged on each parking space channel in the field. Each access instruction module is controlled by a computer, and according to the status of each parking space obtained by scanning, an optimal path is generated through calculation, and then driven. Each traffic indication module on the path generates guidance lights, so that vehicles entering the field can find the parking space more quickly and complete the parking action. The aforementioned traffic indication module includes at least a forward light, a vehicle sensor and a stop light; wherein the forward light and the stop light are used as direction guidance and parking position indications respectively, and the vehicle sensor is used for Whether the car passes the traffic indication module is used as the next traffic indication module for lighting the predetermined travel path. [Embodiment] With regard to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the management system of a parking lot includes the following devices: (please refer to Figures 1 and 2 for cooperation). A plurality of parking space sensors (1 0) are provided in the parking lot. The appropriate position of each parking space is used to detect the use status of the parking space; a computer (20) connects and collects the data of each of the aforementioned parking space sensors (1 0) and performs data conversion; a parking space information board (30) It is connected to the computer (20). Its 5 594595 is produced according to the actual situation of the parking lot, so that each parking space in the parking lot corresponds to a position on the parking information board (30), and the parking information board (30). The order of the parking spaces corresponds to the actual location of the parking spaces in the parking lot .; When the computer (20) scans and obtains the signals from the parking sensors (1 0), it displays the usage status of each parking space in the parking space after conversion processing The information board (30) is used by the driver of the vehicle to be admitted to grasp the use of the parking spaces in the car. The further specific structures of the foregoing devices are described in detail below. The parking space sensor (1 0) can be variously sensed by induction coils, ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, microwave sensors, pressure sensors, etc. Among them: When the parking space sensor (1 0) uses induction coils, it is slotted on the floor of each parking space and several strands of wires are buried; when the vehicle is parked on the parking space, the metal on the parking space will cause The inductance of the wire increases, so it is only necessary to detect the change in the inductance of the wire to determine whether there is a vehicle in the parking space. When the parking sensor (10) is an ultrasonic sensor, it is installed with an ultrasonic probe at the rear of the parking space. The ultrasonic probe emits ultrasonic signals. If there is a vehicle parked in the parking space, some of the ultrasonic signals will be detected. Reflected back to the ultrasonic probe, and by detecting the reflected wave signal of the ultrasonic wave, it can be determined whether there is a vehicle in the parking space. When the parking space sensor (10) is an infrared sensor, infrared transmitters and receivers are installed on opposite sides of the parking space. When a vehicle is parked in the parking space, the infrared signal emitted by the transmitter will be blocked by the vehicle. It ca n’t reach the receiver when it is broken, and by detecting the infrared signal of the receiver, 6 594595 can be used to determine whether there is a vehicle in the parking space. When the parking space sensor (1 0) is a microwave sensor, it is in the parking space. A microwave probe is installed at the rear. The microwave probe emits a microwave signal. If a vehicle is parked on the parking space, some of the microwave signal will be reflected back to the microwave probe by the car body. The reflected wave signal received by the microwave probe can be used to determine whether the parking space has been There are vehicles; when the parking space sensor (10) is a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is installed on the floor of the parking space. By detecting the state of the pressure sensor, it can be determined whether there is a vehicle in the parking space. _ Since the parking space sensors (10) on different parking spaces do not interfere with each other, all parking space sensors (10) can work simultaneously. The detection result of the parking space sensor (1 0) is temporarily stored in the interior. When the computer (20) scans the parking space sensor (1 0), the parking space sensor (1 0) will send the detection result to the connection. Computer (2 0). The aforementioned computer (20) causes each parking space sensor (1 0) to be allocated a suitable time interval, which is 10 ms in this embodiment. If the computer (20) does not receive the parking space sensor within 10 ms (10), the computer φ will mark the status of the parking space as "unknown"; if the computer (20) receives the response from the parking sensor (1 0) within 10ms, the computer (20) will The status of the parking space is marked as "Idle" or "Occupied", while scanning the next parking space. If a parking space does not respond to the inquiry from the computer (20) for several times in a row, the computer (20) marks the sensing function of the parking space as "fault". Based on a large parking lot with 1000 parking spaces, the computer (20) scans 7 594595 for a long time of only 1000 * 10ms = 10s. In other words, even for a parking lot with up to 1,000 parking spaces, the management staff can obtain all the parking spaces within 10 seconds. -Parking information. Furthermore, after the aforementioned computer (20) obtains the parking space usage status of each parking space sensor (1 0), it uses the parking space information board (30) as a display terminal to prompt the entrance driver to know at the entrance of the parking lot. The parking status on the parking information board (30) is indicated by four-color indicator lights, which are green, yellow, white, and red, respectively. When the indicator light is green, it means that the current parking space is idle; _ When the indicator light is yellow, it means that the parking space is parked; When the indicator light is white, it means that the parking space status is unknown; When the indicator light is red, This indicates that the parking sensor is malfunctioning. As mentioned before, the parking space information board (30) is controlled by the computer (20), and according to the instructions of the computer (20), the parking space information board (30) displays the status of each parking space in real time. In addition, the parking information board (30) and the computer (20) are connected in a one-to-one manner, and the computer (20) and the parking sensor (1 0) are connected in a one-to-many manner. . Considering the convenience of power supply and installation, multiple parking space sensors (10) can be grouped according to the physical location of the parking space. Each group can have 10 to 128 parking space sensors. The parking space sensors of the same group are connected in a bus way. , Each group of buses is connected to the serial port of the computer (20), which can effectively simplify the wiring work and facilitate installation. As can be seen from the above, the present invention utilizes a parking space information board provided at the entrance of a parking lot, so that managers and on-site drivers can keep abreast of the use of the parking space 8 594595, but for drivers entering the parking lot, if they still have to find free parking spaces themselves Or, the management staff will guide them to the idle parking spaces. For the parking spaces with tight parking space requirements, the management efficiency still needs to be improved. To this end, based on the basic structure of the management system described above, we have added a traffic instruction module (40) (as shown in Figures 3 and 4) to enable drivers to reach idle parking spaces more quickly and effectively. Improve service quality. The traffic indication module (40) is composed of a forward indicator (4 1), a stop indicator (4 2), and a vehicle sensor (4 3) on a package (as shown in the fifth figure). (Shown), which is the same as the parking space sensor (1 0) described above, and can be connected to the serial port of the computer (20) by a bus in a group manner to be controlled by the computer (20). The traffic instruction module (40) is set in the direction of the vehicle in the parking lot. It is controlled by the computer (20) and reports the vehicle passing situation to the computer (20). The computer (20) calculates the optimal driving route of the vehicle into and out of the parking lot according to the status of each parking space, and then drives the different lights on the corresponding traffic indication module (40) to update the display. When the traffic instruction module (40) receives the instruction to allow forward, the green forward finger light (41) on it will light up; otherwise, when the traffic instruction module (40) receives the instruction to prohibit movement At this time, the red stop indicator (4 2) will light up. When the vehicle passes the indicator module (40), the vehicle sensor (43) on the vehicle immediately informs the computer (20) of the current position of the vehicle, and the computer (20) recalculates and calculates the new position of the vehicle and Update the display of the corresponding module, so that vehicles entering and exiting on the best path. 9 594595 In addition, the vehicle sensor (4 3) in the aforementioned traffic indication module (4 0) may use an ultrasonic sensor or a microwave sensor to transmit signals in the vertical direction of an ultrasonic probe or a microwave probe. When the vehicle is located above the module, 'Some signals emitted by the probe are reflected back to the probe by the chassis of the vehicle; when the vehicle is not above the module, the signals emitted by the probe will not be reflected back to the probe, and the vehicle sensor (4 3) can Determine if a vehicle passes the module. As can be seen from the above, the present invention uses a computer to scan and collect the information of the sensors installed in each parking space, so as to display it on the parking space information board at the entrance of the parking lot. In order to facilitate parking space management and accelerate the completion of parking actions, the invention further adopts a traffic instruction mechanism, which is provided with traffic instruction modules on each passage in the parking lot. The computer generates a The best path, and sequentially light up the traffic indication module on the path, so that the vehicle can complete the entry and exit faster and faster; the aforementioned design does have significant practicality, novelty and progress, In accordance with the requirements of the invention patent, the application was filed according to law. [Brief Description of the Drawings] (1) Schematic Part The first drawing is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a parking lot according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The third figure is a block diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The fourth figure is a schematic diagram of a parking lot according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 10 594595 Fifth figure (10 (30 (41 (43: a schematic diagram of a traffic indication module of another preferred embodiment of the present invention) component representative symbol) parking sensor (20) computer) parking information board (40) Traffic indication module) forward indicator (4 2) stop indicator) vehicle sensor