TW550362B - Method of cooling a grate for a furnace chamber by means of water as well as a grate for the incineration of solid materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of cooling a grate (1) for a furnace chamber (2) by means of water (15), a waste-heat boiler (3) being connected downstream of the furnace chamber (2) and having feed water (23) fed to it via a feed water line (22) with a feed water pump (25) and feed water control valve (26), and the grate (1) essentially comprising a plurality of grate-covering units (11), arranged next to one another in rows (10), as well as side walls (12) and possibly central beams (13) and drop shafts, within which the cooling water (15) is taken along in cooling channels (14). The method is characterized in that part of the feed water (23) is removed from the feed water line (22) downstream of the feed water pump (25) and upstream of the feed water control valve (26) and is passed via at least one pressure-dropping point (20) and is subsequently fed to the cooling channels (14) as cooling water (15), the cooling water (15) being heated as it flows through the cooling channels (14) at least up to almost the temperature of saturated steam and subsequently being fed to a remover (24, 27, 28, 34, 35).

Description

550362

The present invention forms an adjacently arranged grate cooling system for furnace tubes and municipal waste. @ ^ 至 中 Incineration of solid materials, especially those related to domestic & cooling stoves, including installation of a grate-covering unit and water

It is used in the palace to burn solid materials, such as waste, and burn them. "Kan #, Kazakhstan air, inject secondary air into the downstream secondary combustion chamber, so that: Xi =, above the current solid material transformation .This type of hearth bar includes one or two women's clothes adjacent to each other and stacked like roof tiles, fixed columns and movable crosses. The hearth bar covers the columns formed by the unit, such as using a narrow furnace. The bars are next to each other, or a larger grate bar is used. Example of a gas-cooled incinerator bar +, the main air flows below the incinerator bar, passes through the opening of the grate cover unit, and enters the solid material above. The grate cover is therefore cooled (Thomt, Kozmiensky, KJ: 1'1 ^ 1: 11113 (: 116 people! 31166113 11 (11111 ^ waste heat treatment, £ 1 ^ 1 ^ 132)

f ^ r Energie- und Umwe 111echnik GmbH, 2nd edition 1 9 94, page 157). The incineration air is first used for cooling and then incinerated. The combination of incineration air and cooling air, the compromise of furnace fire control and cooling effect, the disadvantageous restricted area of the use of the grate bar is still acceptable. In addition, incineration air dust particles are easy to block because they are in direct contact with burning waste. Such blockage also hinders the circulation of cooling air and causes cooling failure. Grate cooling system, in which the heat is provided by a separate air circuit It has the following disadvantages: It requires a very large amount of air supply and air removal lines, which is difficult to integrate in

550362 V. Description of the invention (2) 'In the structure of the grate. The horsepower required for the cooling air pump is quite large, as the gas velocity of the cooling air needs to be relatively high to achieve sufficient heat exchange, and it also results in a considerable pressure drop. In addition to air-cooled incinerator bars, methods for separating water-cooled incinerator bars with a cooling water system from the main air are also well known, such as Ep 〇 6 2 1 4 4 9

Bl, EP 0 75 7 2 0 6 and DE 44 0 0 9 9 C1. Cooling the furnace to remove heat at a temperature below 100 ° C has the following disadvantages: Due to the low temperature, it is possible or difficult to use the removed heat. In the event of component damage or heat loss, an emergency cooling system must be used, resulting in additional costs. Appropriate measurement is used to avoid the generation of steam cushions on the grate bar / grate bar, which can cause local inability to cool and dangerous steam impact. Water supply and removal are achieved through flexible water pipes, which can easily cause damage. Because the temperature of the grate is always relatively low, originally for good incineration, part of the heat was used to preheat the air, but it was transferred to the cooling water and entered the hearth. … The grate cold section system removes heat at temperatures above 丨 00 ° C (water pressure> 丨 bar), and has the following disadvantages: ”'Although it is possible to use private heat, it is generally required / heat exchanger If the hot radon is discharged to the outside world, for example, to a heating system area, Lufei always operates the grate cooling and heating area together.

Page 7 550362 V. Description of the invention (3) When the component is damaged or poor heat dissipation occurs, in order to ensure that the cooling effect continues, the emergency cooling system on Monday must be used, resulting in additional costs. Appropriate measurement 'is used to avoid the generation of steam mats on the grate plate / grate bar, which may cause local inability to cool and dangerous steam impact. The supply and removal of water is achieved using flexible water pipes, which are prone to damage. Because the temperature of the grate is always relatively low, originally for good incineration, part of the heat was used to preheat the air, but it was transferred to the cooling water instead of entering the waste hearth. The grate cooling system removes heat from the water of the cylindrical boiler (water pressure is about 40 bar, and cooling occurs by natural convection or strong convection), such as ^ 195 〇 8 89 9 φ A 1 The example 'has the following disadvantages: The water flow speed is low, and the steam maggots formed cannot be eliminated, so it cannot be cooled locally. Although this problem can be solved by a cyclic pump, it makes the system expensive on the one hand, and the reliability of the other side of the system is closely related to the actions of the pump. ^ Water supply #Private, cannot be achieved by flexible hoses. Because the temperature and pressure of water are too south, natural convection requires a relatively large pipe diameter, so it is practically impossible to supply water to the movable pipe. The present invention attempts to avoid these disadvantages. In accordance with this goal, develop a simple and effective method to cool the furnace bar in the combustion chamber of the furnace tube, and use water and appropriate furnace bar to incinerate solid materials' especially waste, and ensure that the cooling water is in the right amount, pressure and satisfaction. It is therefore possible to save an emergency cooling system. The material of the grate is intended to be produced from flat cymbals. In addition to the movable and fixed columns of grate bars, the 'center & column, side end piece and grate hanging shaft (d r 〇 p s h a f t)

550362 V. Description of the invention (4) '冷却 Cool in the same way. In all operating examples, heat removal can be ensured. According to the present invention, this issue can be achieved by the method of item 1 of the patent scope. Part of the water supply is removed 'downstream from the water supply line of the supply pump and upstream of the water supply control valve' and passed to the pressure drop point 'and then covered by the grate. The cooling water of the unit's cooling channel, the central column, the side wall and the grate hanging shaft. When this cooling water flows through the cooling channel, it is heated to at least the temperature of almost saturated steam, and then the cooling water is injected into a heat remover. In. As the water supply meets the functional requirements (water preparation, water storage, boiler feed pump) is an indispensable condition for every operation of a boiler, the best efforts are made to ensure the water supply. In fact, the cooling water of the incineration grate is taken from a sinful source, that is, the water supply of the boiler is used as the cooling water for the grate. Cooling water of the right amount, pressure and quality. According to the present invention, when converting an existing grate system to a grate cooling system 'with no additional cost, this cooling system can be connected to an existing water supply pump, because the amount of water supplied by the water supply pump has not increased and the heat removed Draining into the boiler cylinder is possible, and an emergency cooling system can also be advantageously saved. The invention can also be achieved by using the grate bar of the seventh patent scope. The middle cooling channel has a relatively small inner diameter, and its maximum design size is the case where there is no separation of water and steam. (Connecting pipelines, feeding and removing pipelines) has a smaller internal diameter than the cooling channel to achieve this goal; 1 the supply pipeline connects the water supply pump and water supply control to the water supply pipeline, and at least one pressure drop point is installed on the supply In the pipeline.

550362 V. Description of the invention (5) _ The advantage of the present invention is that the cooling system can be operated with a little water, because the entire sensible heat and part of the evaporation heat are used. In this way, a small diameter can be used for the cooling pipe, which avoids the risk of steam / water separation as another advantage. Due to the 100% reliable water supply, the grate bar covering unit does not need to ensure an emergency running device, and the cast grate bar covering unit does not need to use expensive high alloy steel castings, which can reduce costs.

If the device is used as a heat remover for heated cooling water or cooling water / water vapor mixture (cooling occurs when the cylinder pressure and temperature and the coolant temperature is approximately equal to the material temperature of the grate covering unit), Or other removers, such as separated heat suppliers, water supply tanks, and gas preheaters, whose water vapor pressure may be lower than the cylinder pressure, can advantageously lower the grate cover unit to a lower temperature. Another advantage is that if the cooling water / water vapor mixture is injected into a steam separator, the separated steam is passed into the cylinder, and the saturated water is introduced into the water supply tank. In addition, the cooling water can be used to achieve the effect of preheating. Another advantage is that if at least one pressure drop point is generated, the pressure drop is at least 1/4 of the pressure drop between the cooling water from the water pump outlet and the cylinder inlet. In this way, approximately the same amount of cooling water flow can be achieved in all cooling circuits.

It is more convenient to use an orifice plate, thin tube or valve at the pressure drop point. The disadvantage of the valve is that it is expensive. Another advantage of the present invention is that if the cooling water supply and removal pipeline is designed to have at least one expansion loop, the result is a small pipe diameter and the expansion loop of this installation. For compensating for thermal expansion and covering the unit or part of the movable grate Movement of the grate is possible without problems.

Page 10 550362 V. Description of the invention (6). Finally, if there are a large number of parallel cooling circuits, the number is based on the heat load of each row of grate bar covering units to be cooled. A specific example of the present invention is illustrated by the following drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a residual incineration machine. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water-cooled grate cooling system with a downstream boiler, which is modified from the first structure of the present invention. The cylinder of the boiler is used to remove the hot air of the cooling water or water vapor mixture; the valve is used as the pressure reduction point. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a water-cooled grate cooling system with a downstream boiler, which is a modification of the second structure of the present invention. Among them, the cylinder of the boiler is used to remove the hot air of the cooling water or water vapor mixture; the orifice is used as the pressure reduction point. Fig. 4 is a modification of the third structure of the present invention, which is similar to Fig. 2, wherein the function of the water supply tank is to remove the cooling gas or the heat of the water vapor mixture. Fig. 5 is a modification of the fourth structure of the present invention, similar to Fig. 2, in which the gas preheater functions to remove hot gas from the cooling water or water vapor mixture. Fig. 6 is a modification of the fifth structure of the present invention, similar to Fig. 2, in which the role of the steam separator is to remove the water vapor mixture, the steam is sent to the cylinder, and the saturated water is injected into the water supply. The illustration only shows the important elements to understand the present invention, and the direction of the medium flow path is indicated by arrows. The present invention is illustrated in more detail by the following specific examples with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of a residue incineration machine, which includes a water-cooled incinerator bar 1, a furnace tube chamber 2 installed above it, and a vertical opening 4 and horizontal clustered 5 Downstream pin furnace 3. Incineration material 6, the residue of this example, is sent to the grate 1,

550362

When the main air 7 and the secondary air 8 are supplied, they are incinerated. The exhaust gas 9 generated by this process is sent to the boiler 3, and the vertical opening passing through the boiler 3 passes 4 and the horizontal cluster passes 5 to dissipate the heat and then send it. Into an exhaust gas cleaning system (not shown) 'Such systems are well known. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cooling system of a water-cooled grate 1 with a downstream boiler, which is modified from the first structure of the present invention. The grate bar includes a plurality of columns (10., 10 · 2, "0 · 3, ···) of grate bar covering units 1 1 arranged adjacent to each other.

Figure 2 shows an example of a 10 · 丨 series with a high thermal load, while columns 10 · 2 and 10 · 3 have a low thermal load. Column 1 · 0.2 represents a fixed row of grate covering units, and column 10 · 3 represents a movable row of grate covering units. The two columns 丨 0.2 · 1 and 〇3 are connected by a flexible connection line 38 Together. The grate cover unit may be a narrow grate bar or a wide grate bar. The middle adjacent columns are overlapped by roof tiles, and the movable and fixed columns may be arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the hearth or all the columns are moving. The grate 1 is also provided with a side wall 12.

For example, the grate covering units are arranged next to each other to form a plurality of grate lines. K These grate lines are separated by a central column. Cooling channel 丨 4 receives cold water 15, Fig. 2 only shows the grate bar covering unit in column 10 · 3, arranged in j shading units 1 1, side wall 1, central column 13 and grate bar Hanging shaft (not shown in the figure). The cooling channel 14 is preferably cast into the grate to cover the early part 11 in a loop shape, and is connected to the supply line 16 and the removal line 17. The pipes 1 6 1 7 are thin pipes, and each pipe has an expansion loop 8. The cooling channel 14 has a relatively small inner diameter, for example, 4 cm. This design prevents the cold water and the water vapor from separating. The inner diameter of the supply line 16 is much smaller than the inner position of the cooling channel 14 ', for example, 8 cm. Due to water vapor formation, remove line 1 7

Page 12 r550362 V. Description of the invention

The inner diameter 2 is a little larger than the supply line 16 but much smaller than the inner diameter of the channel 14 in the grate covering unit 1 1. Installed in each supply line 6 is a three-way valve 19 and at least one pressure reduction point 2 G ° At present, according to the first specific example of FIG. 2, these pressure reduction points 20 are throttle valves. The supply line 16 is a tributary of the line 21, that is, a branch of the water supply line 22 'from the water supply tank 2 4 boiler water supply 2 3 through the water supply pump 25 and the water supply control valve 26' through the economizer 27 In the cylinder 28 of the boiler 3. The branching of the official line 21 from the line 2 2 occurs downstream of the water supply pump 25 and upstream of the water supply control valve 26. The removal line 17 of the cooling system has in each case a check valve 29 and an opening to the collection line 30, which is connected to the cylinder 28 of the boiler-3. Cylinder 28 is also accompanied by service 3 1 and a superheater 3 2.

The device 33 is connected. -tA cooling grate cover unit 11 is completely demineralized and useless. The cooling water 15 is bypassed to save the subsystem supply lines 16 downstream and on the water supply control valve 26. The grate cooling system contains a number of subsystems installed in parallel. As shown in Figure 2 = not an example, the cooling subsystem of the side wall 12, a grate bar covering the unit's cold section system is a grate bar! The _ part, use. The grate bars cover the cooling elements of the 10.2 and 103 rows of the unit, which are used for load bearing and the cooling subsystem of the central column. · ,,,-",, & side wall 12 and central column 13, cooling water 1 5 gas water supply 23, provided to the device 27 of the boiler 3, the supply from the water supply pump 25 = pipe selection: by ' Line 15 enters Ping #cooling system, select, pump 25 downstream and water supply control 26

Γ550362

Reliable cooling water supply is the removal point upstream in the description of invention (9), which can be ensured under first-class high pressure conditions. It is sufficient for a part of the furnace to be fed, and it is also satisfied that the cooling of the grate occurs in parallel with the operation of the saving device. Since water is used as the cooling water, the cooling water of the grate is always of good quality and proper pressure.

The supply and removal of the cooling water 15 to the grate elements 11, 12, 13 through the lines 16 and 17 are all of small internal diameters. Due to the small inner diameter; 7 so that it can easily follow the grate covering unit or part of the grate to move very elastically, ^ for example, plus or minus 350 cm. As shown in the structural variation shown in Figure 2, the expansion loops 18 in the pipelines 16 and 17 compensate for the movement caused by thermal expansion. Needless to say, the pipelines 16 and 17 may also be designed without expansion loops 8 as shown in FIG. 2 as the cooling subsystem of the central horizontal pillar 13. : r In each subsystem, its pressure drop is at least about 1/4 of the pressure drop of the cooling water from the outlet of the water supply pump 25 to the inlet of the cylinder 28, so at least the throttle valve 20 is placed in the pipeline 16 in.

The cooling water 15 is heated to a temperature of almost saturated water vapor in the cooling grate covering unit 11, the side wall 12, and the central column 13. Under normal conditions, the cooling water 15 is heated to a temperature of saturated water vapor, so the cooling water 15 is partially evaporated. The cooling water can also be completely evaporated or to a large extent (steam content > 0.3), that is, the cooling effect takes place on the basis of the single tube boiler (s in S1 e " " tu b e) principle. The heat of the grate element is removed by the water or water vapor mixture. Only a little bit of cooling water 15 flows through each subsystem of the cooling system 'so all the sensible heat and part of the evaporation heat is used. Therefore, the cooling channel 1 4

Page 14 550362 V. Description of the invention (10) —w Six other small π Xiaoluo>, gas XA Because there is always a reliable water supply for cooling, it is separated, the device is operated, and no expensive high The alloy is thin, so there is no need for tight steel as a covering material for the grate. There is a relatively small pipe in the water, and there is a steaming place. Instead, a low-cost low-alloy material is used at the outlet. # 在 # 细 Qn r 7 卩 广 ^ A, the fly 叱 compound passes through the pipeline 17, the household is a ghost, and the spring 28. The cooling effect continues to occur when the temperature u is only slightly higher than the cylinder 28, and it is always possible to exhaust the heat removed to the cylinder 28. Since the heat generated by the furnace bar covering units of different columns 10 · 1 and 10 · 2 may vary considerably, it is better to provide an automatic control, as shown by the dotted line in the middle of Figure 2. A temperature control system IX Α measures the temperature D of the cooling medium after the heating line 17 is sent, and the corresponding signal is sent to the valve 20-, which controls the supply of cooling water 15 as a function of the corresponding temperature, that is, the seven fruits In the case of high temperature, the valve 0 2 0 ^ = —steps open, more cooling water 1 5 through cooling $ = 1 4 than in the case of low temperature. This cooling effect can be optimized, in this case slightly t-low steam (single tube boiler principle) will be generated. -^ 1 -j -jx j / ik Figure 3 shows a second structural change of the present invention. This is the same as Figure 1 = only the hole is used as the pressure reduction point 20, which is different from the first structure k ^ It is less expensive at first. Similarly, thin and small g > moving needle valves can also be used. Guide 炱 Cool the heated cooling water or generate water vapor during the cooling process ’♦ Cooling a different heat remover is possible. In this example, 'heated /: steam network with water injection lower than cylinder pressure, as shown in Figures 4 to 6 ^ 2 8 and Figure 4 shows a third structural variation, similar to Figure 2, where ## 圆"

Page 15 V. Description of the invention (11) ^ The water supply tank 24 is used as the heat remover for the heated cooling water 15 or water vapor mixture. In the variation shown in FIG. 5, the heat remover is an air preheater (saving device 2?) Or a separate heating device 34 indicated by a dotted line. In the variations described above, the water vapor pressure may be lower than the cylinder pressure ', but it may be advantageous to cool the grate covering unit to a lower temperature. Finally, according to the structural variation of the present invention shown in FIG. 6, it is also possible to guide and collect the pipeline 3 0, and it is also possible to enter the Luoqi Luofa 35, so the water vapor mixture passes through the steam Luo to introduce the separated steam into the cylinder 28 of the boiler 3. Saturated water = back to the water supply tank 24, which allows the cooling water 15 to be foreseen by the heat exchanger 37. If the water supply line 16 is connected to you, you can use a flexible connection to the grate bar. Move the column 1 · 3, and then play the link "Official Connection Line 38" and the furnace bar covering the single removal line 17 to stay in reverse from the furnace bar. It goes without saying that this illustration illustrates 1 grate bar 2 furnace tube chamber 3 scattered steel furnace 4 open Π through 5 clusters in this way also 2 early fixed lines 10.2 to lead to the waste line, diameter factor = = This removal line 17 may have a larger 7-knife but is elastic and has a pressure drop of t, t, and t. Fire / fly this & and only small Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the specifics, examples described above.

Page 16 550362 V. Description of the invention (12) 6 Incineration materials, solid materials (waste) 7 Main air 8 Secondary air 9 Exhaust gas 10 Grate bar covering unit rows 11 Grate bar covering units such as grate bars, grate bars 12 Side wall 13 Central cross column 14 Item @ 11, 12, 13 Cooling channel 15 Cooling water 16 To item 14 Supply line 17 Remove line from Item 14 4-18 Expansion loop 19 Two-way valve 20 Pressure drop point For example, flow valve, orifice, thin tube 21 from item 2 2 to supply line 1 of project 5 22 water supply line 23 water supply 24 water supply tank 25 water supply pump 26 water supply control valve 27 ie provincial device 28 cylinder (remover) 29 check valve

Page 17

550362 V. Description of the invention (13) 30 Collection line 31 Evaporator 32 Superheater 33 Water spray device 34 Separating heat supply device 35 Steam separator

36 Injection valve 3 7 Heat exchanger 38 Flexible connection tube TCA temperature control system

Page 18

Claims (1)

550362 Case No. 89118714 means amendment 6 for patent application scope 6 · The method of applying for the scope of patent application item 1 is characterized by at least one pressure drop point (20) and the cooling water (1 5) produces a historical drop totaling water supply orders (2 ^) ψ σ The heat remover (24, 27, 28, 34, 35), the end pressure of 5), and 7 · —a kind of hearth for solid fuel combustion (1), which is borrowed For cooling by the method of the first patent application, the grate (1) mainly includes most of the grate covering units (11) and side walls (1 2) arranged adjacently in a row (1 0), and a central column can be provided. (13) and hanging shaft, which are respectively provided with a cooling channel (14) to receive cooling water (15), and a supply line (16) connected to the cooling channel (14): except the line (17) and the elastic connection line (38), downstream of the grate bar (1), the water supply line (22) with a water supply pump (25) and a water supply control valve (26) is injected into the heat-dissipating boiler, and this (14) has a relatively small inner diameter , The maximum design size 'private eruption, the phenomenon of water vapor separation; pipeline (16,17,38) Yu Jiangsheng water and the cooling channel (14) in Yuan (11) are connected , ^ Moving grate bowl and the cover between single water chestnut (25) and connected to a water supply pipe than the cooling passage (14) line (16). At least one pressure drop point (⑷ Installed in the supply 8. If item 7 of the scope of patent application is a hole piece. Now, eight features are the pressure drop point (2 0) 9 · As the furnace of scope of patent application 7 Beans are thin and small diameters. Now, one feature is the pressure drop point (20) I / 〇-such as the scope of the patent application for item 7 of the stove, it is a throttle valve. 2 0) 11. If the scope of the patent application No. 7 will be levied as a cooling channel 550362 __ Case No. 89118714 VI. Scope of patent application (1 4) is a cast pipe ring. 1 2 · If the fire bar of item 7 of the scope of the patent application is characterized in that the cooling water (1 5) water supply line (1 6) and the removal line (1 7) are designed to be at least complex: 〆 expansion loop (18) . Item 13. If the application for the item 7 of the scope of the patent application, the number of subsystems of the flat part cold section system is particularly large. The number depends on the required amount. The water supply line (1 6) of Luan is connected to the grate cover. The second feature is that the cooling water (15) is connected to the Er2 = dead two movable column (10.3) through an elastic connecting pipe (38). Take the fixed row of the shading unit (1 0. 2) O: \ 66 \ 66263-91064.ptc 苐 Page 22