TW477890B - Method of liquefying a stream enriched in methane - Google Patents

Method of liquefying a stream enriched in methane Download PDF

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Publication number
TW477890B
TW477890B TW088106692A TW88106692A TW477890B TW 477890 B TW477890 B TW 477890B TW 088106692 A TW088106692 A TW 088106692A TW 88106692 A TW88106692 A TW 88106692A TW 477890 B TW477890 B TW 477890B
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Taiwan
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auxiliary
heat exchanger
coolant
stream
gas stream
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TW088106692A
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Hendrik Frans Grpptkams
Robert Klein Nagelvoort
Kornelis Jan Vink
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Shell Int Research
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F25J1/0238—Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F25J1/0239—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling
    • F25J1/0241—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling wherein the overhead cooling comprises providing reflux for a fractionation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)

Description

477890 A7 ____B7_ _ 五、發明說明（I ) 本發明係關於一種液化富含甲烷之氣流的方法。該氣 流係由天然氣所得’而該方法所得的產物稱爲液化天然氣 (LNG)。 在R Klein Nagelvoort所著”液化循環發展”的文章（I Poll及A J〇oms，1989年10月17-20日法國耐斯第九屆 LNG國際會議議程中出版）中提到該等方法。 習知液化富含甲烷之氣流的方法包括下列步驟： a) 將加壓之天然氣流供應給洗滌塔，在洗滌塔裡去除 天然氣流中的較重烴類，將其從洗滌塔底部排出，以獲得 從洗滌塔頂部排出的氣態塔頂流，將氣態塔頂流部分冷凝 並將其從冷凝液氣流中移除，以獲得加壓之富含甲烷氣流 9 b) 在設於主熱交換器的管中液化加壓之富含甲烷氣流 ，其係藉由與主熱交換器之殼側內以低冷卻劑壓力所蒸發 的多組份冷卻劑間接熱交換；及 c) 壓縮來自主熱交換器之殼側的多組份冷卻劑，並在 設於輔助熱交換器內之管中，在提高的冷卻劑壓力下，藉 由與輔助熱交換器之殼側內以低輔助冷卻劑壓力所蒸發的 輔助多組份冷卻劑間接熱交換進行部分冷凝，以獲得用於 步驟b)的多組份冷卻劑。 在洗滌塔中，氣流係與溫度較低的液態回流接觸以進 一步冷卻氣流。結果，氣流中的較重烴類係冷凝並形成液 體’其被收集在洗滌塔底部，從該處將其排出。 在習知方法中，從洗滌塔底部排出的液態較重烴類及 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） r --- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) tl· -線· 477890 A7 _____B7____ 五、發明說明) 來自氣態塔頂流的冷凝液氣流係通過分餾單元以部分冷凝 。作爲洗滌塔中回流的液流係從分餾單元中移除。 在將步驟a)裡的天然氣流供應給洗滌塔之前’先行冷 卻。回流液流的溫度應該明顯低於供應給洗滌塔的天然氣 流。該需求係設定了供應給洗滌塔之天然氣流的溫度下限 〇 在習知方法中，天然氣流係在加入洗滌塔之前於設在 輔助熱交換器的管中冷卻。因此，輔助熱交換器之冷端的 溫度係受到回流液流溫度的限制。因此在主熱交換器中必 須提取出更多的熱量以使富含甲烷的氣流液化。 本發明之目的在於使輔助熱交換器的冷端溫度降低， 使得被提出以液化富含甲烷之氣流的熱量降低。 最後，本發明之液化富含甲烷之氣流的方法，其特徵 在於在設置於輔助熱交換器中的管內部分冷凝氣態塔頂氣 流。 依此，可選擇使輔助熱交換器之冷端的溫度盡可能地 低。 在已知的方法中，從輔助熱交換器之冷端取出的多組 份冷卻劑的溫度也受到回流溫度的限制。本發明方法的優 點之一在於該限制已被去除。因此，需要較低循環速度的 多組份冷卻劑。 本發明將藉由實施例，以所附之圖式爲參考而更詳細 地說明，其中 圖式簡單說明 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） --- f靖先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} J^T·- .線· 477890 A7 ___ B7___ 五、發明說明（七） 第1圖係槪略顯示進行本發明方法之裝置的流程’及 第2圖係顯示部分冷凝多組份冷卻劑的另一方式。 在本發明之方法中，天然氣流1係在加壓下提供至洗 滌塔5。在洗滌塔5中，比甲烷重的烴類係從天然氣流中 被去除，較重的烴類係從洗滌塔5底部經由導管7中排出 。依此方式，獲得具有較天然氣濃之甲烷濃度的氣態塔頂 流，該氣態塔頂流係從洗滌塔5頂部經由導管8中排出。 氣態塔頂流係經過部分冷凝，並從該氣流中去除冷凝 液流，以獲得加壓之富含甲烷之氣流，該氣流係經由導管 10通至設於主熱交換器17內的第一管15，在此氣流被液 化。在討論部分冷凝氣態塔頂流之前，首先詳細討論液化 作用。 在設於主熱交換器17內的第一管15中以加壓來液化 富含甲院之氣流，其係藉由在主熱交換器15之殻側19內 之低冷卻劑壓力下所蒸發的多組份冷卻劑間接熱交換。經 液化的氣體係在加壓下從主熱交換器17中經由導管20去 除以進一步處理（未示出）。 經蒸發的多組份冷卻劑係從主熱交換器15之殼側19 的熱端經由導管25排出。在壓縮器27中，多組份冷卻劑 係壓縮至提高的冷卻劑壓力。壓縮的熱係藉由使用空氣冷 卻器30來移除。多組份冷卻劑係經由導管32通至輔助熱 交換器35。在輔助熱交換器35的第一管38中，多組份冷 卻劑係在提高的冷卻劑壓力下，藉由於輔助熱交換器35之 殼側19內之低輔助冷卻劑壓力下所蒸發的輔助多組份冷卻 6 度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）— '--- 裝—— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂： 丨線- 477890 A7 ________B7__ 五、發明說明（if ) 劑間接熱交換而部分冷凝，以獲得多組份冷卻劑，該冷卻 劑係通至主熱交換器17。 多組份冷卻劑係從第一管38經由導管42通至分離器 45，在分離器45中多組份冷卻劑係分離成氣態塔頂流及液 態底部流。氣態塔頂流係經由導管47通至設於主熱交換器 17內的第二管49，氣態塔頂流係在此以提高的冷卻劑壓力 冷卻’液化及過冷卻。經液化及過冷卻的氣態塔頂流係經 由設有安全閥51形式之安全裝置的導管50通至主熱交換 器17之殼側19的冷端，在該處內以低冷卻劑壓力使其蒸 發。液態底部流係經由導管57通至設於主熱交換器17內 的第三管59，液態底部氣流係在此處以提高的冷卻劑壓力 冷卻。經冷卻之液化底部流係經由設有安全閥61形式之安 全裝置的導管60通至主熱交換器17之殼側19的中端，在 該處內以容許低冷卻劑壓力使其蒸發。蒸發的多組份冷卻 劑不僅從通過第一管15的流體中提取出熱量以供液化，而 且也從通過第二管49及第三管59的冷卻劑中提取出熱量 〇 在輔助熱交換器35之殼側39內以低輔助冷卻劑壓力 所蒸發的輔助多組份冷卻劑係從該處經由導管65移除。在 壓縮器67中，輔助多組份冷卻劑係被壓縮至提高的輔助冷 卻劑壓力。壓縮的熱係藉由使用空氣冷卻器70移除。輔助 多組份冷卻劑係經由導管72通至設於輔助熱交換器75的 第二管78，輔助多組份冷卻劑在此冷卻。經冷卻之輔助多 組份冷卻劑係經由設有安全閥81形式之安全裝置的導管 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂： :線 477890 A7 ___B7 ____ 五、發明說明（< ) 80至輔助熱交換器35之殼側39的冷端，在該處內容許以 低輔助冷卻劑壓力使其蒸發。 在更詳細說明液化循環之後，現在將討論經由導管8 從洗滌塔5之頂部排出的氣態塔頂流如何部分冷凝^ 氣態塔頂流係經由導管8供應至設於輔助熱交換器35 中的第三管83。在該第三管83中，氣態塔頂流係經過部 分冷凝。經部分冷凝的氣態塔頂流係從第三管83中移除並 經由導管85通至分離器90。在分離器90中，將冷凝液流 移除以獲得於加壓下富含甲烷的氣流，該氣流係經由導管 10通至設於主熱交換器17內的第一管15。冷凝液流係經 由導管91回到洗滌塔5的上部成爲回流。 本發明之方法與習知方法不同之處在於’在習知方法 中，天然氣流係在供應至洗滌塔前於輔助熱交換器中冷卻 。在習知方法中，回流係從分觀單元獲得’該回流的溫度 係決定爲經冷卻之天然氣在提供給洗滌塔時的溫度上限。 在習知方法中，天然氣可以冷卻到的溫度爲約-22 C ’ 以超過回流溫度。此係指輔助熱交換器之冷端可達到的最 低溫度也是-22°C。經部分冷凝之多組份冷卻劑的溫度也是 如此。除此之外，將天然氣冷卻至洗滌塔之_22°C上氣流’ 也暗示方法越來越沒有效率，因爲冷度隨著液態較重烴類 排出洗滌塔底部。 然而，在本發明之方法中，氣態塔頂流經由導管8從 洗滌塔5頂部排出的係部分冷凝至更低溫度，大約-50°c， 而且可以做得到，因爲其提供回流至洗滌塔50 ° 8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂· -線- 477890 A7 ________B7_______ 五、發明說明（G ) 因此，輔助熱交換器35之冷端的溫度低於習知方法者 許多。因而多組份冷卻劑可以冷卻到的溫度較低許多而且 此係使多組份冷卻劑的循環速度降低。 最好，天然氣在其進入洗滌塔5前預先冷卻並乾燥。 預先冷卻適合藉由來自輔助多組份冷卻劑之排放流(bleed stream)進行間接熱交換，該排放流通過空氣冷卻器70下游 之導管72。最後，輔助多組份冷卻劑經由設有安全閥95 的導管93通至設於導管1內的熱交換器97 °請注意，爲 簡化起見，吾人顯示熱交換器97二次，第一次於導管1中 而第二次則於導管72及65之間的回路。然而，都是指同 一交換器。 適當地，多組份冷卻劑係以二階段部分冷凝。該本發 明之具體實施例將以第2圖爲參考而說明之。 第2圖之輔助熱交換器包括第一輔助熱交換器35’及 第二輔助熱交換器35”。 多組份冷卻劑係經由導管32通至第一輔助熱交換器 35’。在第一輔助熱交換器35’的第一管38’中，多組份冷卻 劑係以提高的冷卻劑壓力’藉由第一輔助熱交換器35’之殼 側39’內以中間輔助冷卻劑壓力所蒸發的輔助多組份冷卻劑 間接熱交換進行冷卻。經冷卻之多組份冷卻劑係經由連接 導管98通至第二輔助熱交換器35”。 在第二輔助熱交換器35”之第一管38”中，多組份冷卻 劑係於提高的冷卻劑壓力下，藉由第二輔助熱交換器35” 之殼側39”內以低輔助冷卻劑壓力所蒸發的輔助多組份冷 9 ----------------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂： -丨線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 477890 A7 ______B7_ 五、發明說明) 卻劑間接熱交換進行部分冷凝，以獲得多組份冷卻劑，該 多組份冷卻劑係經由導管42通至主熱交換器（未示於第2 圖）。 在第一輔助熱交換器35’之殼側39’內以中間輔助冷卻 劑壓力所蒸發的輔助多組份冷卻劑係從該處經由導管65’移 除。在該具體實施例中，壓縮器67爲二段式壓縮器。在壓 縮器67的第二階段裡，輔助多組份冷卻劑係壓縮至提高的 輔助冷卻劑壓力。壓縮的熱係藉由使用空氣冷卻器70移除 。輔助多組份冷卻劑係經由導管72通至設於第一輔助熱交 換器35’內的第二管78’，輔助多組份冷卻劑在此冷卻。一 部份之經冷卻輔助多組份冷卻劑係經由設有安全閥81’形式 之安全裝置的導管80’通至第一輔助熱交換器35’之殼側 39’的冷端，在該處內容許以中間輔助冷卻劑壓力使其蒸發 。蒸發的冷卻劑係從流經管38’及78’的流體中提取出熱量 〇 其餘的輔助多組份冷卻劑係經由連接導管99通至設於 第二輔助熱交換器35”內的第二管78”，輔助多組份冷卻劑 係在此冷卻。經冷卻輔助多組份冷卻劑係經由設有安全閥 8Γ形式之安全裝置的導管80”通至第二輔助熱交換器35” 之殻側39”的冷端，在該處內容許以低輔助冷卻劑壓力使 其蒸發。蒸發的冷卻劑係從流經管38”及78”的流體中提取 出熱量，而且從來自洗滌塔5頂部、通過第三管83之氣態 塔頂流中提取出熱量。 以低輔助冷卻劑壓力蒸發的輔助多組份冷卻劑係經由 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----------------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂· 丨線. 477890 A7 五、發明說明（》） 導管65”移除。在二段式壓縮器67裡，輔助多組份冷卻劑 係壓縮至提高的輔助冷卻劑壓力。 另一作法是，從洗滌塔5頂部排出的氣態塔頂流係在 第一及第二輔助熱交換器35’及35”裡部分冷凝。 適當地，天然氣在其進入洗滌塔5前預先冷卻並乾燥 。預先冷卻適合藉由來自輔助多組份冷卻劑之排放流進行 間接熱交換，該排放流通過空氣冷卻器70下游之導管72 。最後，輔助多組份冷卻劑經由設有安全閥95’的導管93’ 通至設於導管1內的熱交換器97’ ° 天然氣流的進一步冷卻可以適當地藉由與來自通過連 接導管99之輔助多組份冷卻劑的排放流間接熱交換而完成 。最後，輔助多組份冷卻劑經由設有安全閥95”的導管93” 通至設於導管1內的熱交換器97”。 空氣冷卻器30及70可以被水冷卻器取代，而且必要 時，空氣冷卻器或水冷卻器可以設置另外使用冷卻劑的熱 交換器。 安全閥61可以被膨脹渦輪取代。 一或多個輔助熱交換器35，35’及35”可以是捲軸式或 平片式熱交換器。 圖式元件符號說明 1 天然氣流 5 洗滌塔 7 導管 8 導管 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） " ^ . --- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂- 丨線· 477890 A7 B7 五、發明說明) 10 15 17 19 20 25 27 30 32 35 35， 35” 38 38， 38” 39 39， 39” 42 45 47 49 50 51 導管 第一管 主熱交換器 殼側 導管 導管 壓縮器 冷卻器 導管 輔助熱交換器 第一輔助熱交換器 第二輔助熱交換器 第一管 第一管 第一管 殼側 殼側 殼側 導管 分離器 導管 第二管 導管 安全閥 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 訂： •線. 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 477890 A7 _B7 五、發明說明（（b) 57 導管 59 第三管 60 導管 61 安全閥 65 導管 65， 導管 65，， 導管 67 壓縮器 70 空氣冷卻器 72 導管 78 第二管 78， 第二管 78，， 第二管 80 導管 80， 導管 80，， 導管 81 安全閥 81， 安全閥 81，， 安全閥 83 第三管 90 分離器 91 導管 93 導管 93, 導管 13 •---------------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂· 丨線· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 477890 A7 _B7 五、發明說明（丨I) 93，， 導管 95 安全閥 95， 安全閥 95，， 安全閥 97 熱交換器 97，， 熱交換器 98 連接導管 99 連接導管 14 --------------裝--- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 坏· 丨線. Φ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）

Claims (1)

  1. 477890
    經濟部智慧財4局員工消費合作社印繁 六、申請專利範圍 1·一種液化富含甲烷之氣流的方法，其包括下列步驟 a)將加壓之天然氣流供應給洗滌塔，在洗滌塔裡去除 天然氣流中的較重烴類，將其從洗滌塔底部排出，以獲得 從洗滌塔頂部排出的氣態塔頂氣流，將氣態塔頂流部分冷 凝並將其從冷凝液流中移除，該冷凝液流以回流形式回到 洗滌塔上部，以獲得加壓之富含甲烷之氣流； * b)在設於主熱交換器的管中液化加壓之富含甲烷之氣 流，其藉由與主熱交換器之殼側內以低冷卻劑壓力所蒸發 的多組份冷卻劑間接熱交換；及 c)壓縮來自主熱交換器之殼側的多組份冷卻劑，並在 設於輔助熱交換器內之管中，在提高的冷卻劑壓力下，藉 由與輔助熱交換器之殼側內以低輔助冷卻劑壓力所蒸發的 輔助多組份冷卻劑間接熱交換以進行部分冷凝，以獲得用 於步驟b)的多組份冷卻劑， 其特徵在於氣態塔頂流的部分冷凝係在設於輔助熱交 換器內的管中進行。 2.根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中多組份冷卻 劑的部分冷凝包括在設於第一輔助熱交換器內的管中，在 提高的冷卻劑壓力下，藉由第一輔助熱交換器之殼側內以 中間輔助冷卻劑壓力所蒸發的輔助多組份冷卻劑間接熱交 換進行冷卻，及接著在設於第二輔助熱交換器內的管中， 藉由第二輔助熱交換器之殼側內以低輔助冷卻劑壓力所蒸 發的輔助多組份冷卻劑間接熱交換進行冷卻，而且其中氣 1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝· 、1T Mm 本紙法尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 477890 ABiCD 六、申請專利範圍 態塔頂流的部分冷凝係藉由在設於第一及第二輔助熱交換 器內之管中冷卻氣態頂餾物的方式進行。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第2項之方法，其中氣態塔頂流 的部分冷凝係藉由在設於第二輔助熱交換器內之管中進行 〇 4. 根據申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之方法，其 中天然氣流係藉由與來自輔助多組份冷卻劑之排放流間接 熱交換來進行預先冷卻。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財是局a(工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐）
TW088106692A 1998-05-21 1999-04-26 Method of liquefying a stream enriched in methane TW477890B (en)

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