TW401700B - Watermarking an information signal - Google Patents

Watermarking an information signal Download PDF

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TW401700B
TW401700B TW087114549A TW87114549A TW401700B TW 401700 B TW401700 B TW 401700B TW 087114549 A TW087114549 A TW 087114549A TW 87114549 A TW87114549 A TW 87114549A TW 401700 B TW401700 B TW 401700B
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watermark
bit
pattern
sub
signal
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TW087114549A
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Johan Paul Marie G Linnartz
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Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021Image watermarking
    • G06T1/005Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00002Diagnosis, testing or measuring; Detecting, analysing or monitoring not otherwise provided for
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00002Diagnosis, testing or measuring; Detecting, analysing or monitoring not otherwise provided for
    • H04N1/00005Diagnosis, testing or measuring; Detecting, analysing or monitoring not otherwise provided for relating to image data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00002Diagnosis, testing or measuring; Detecting, analysing or monitoring not otherwise provided for
    • H04N1/00026Methods therefor
    • H04N1/00037Detecting, i.e. determining the occurrence of a predetermined state
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0051Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0061Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0065Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0083Image watermarking whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)

Description

401700 五、發明說明(1) 發明範圍 本發明是有關於水印資訊信號及如何彳貞測水印。 發明背景 水印是喪入於資訊信號中不可見的訊息,該資訊信號諸 如多媒體材料,例如語音、靜止圖片、動畫或視訊。水印 可以使用於識別資訊之版權所有。它們允許版權所有者以 檢視該複製中是否出現他的水印以追蹤他的材料之非法複 製。 水印以修改信號之資料樣本被嵌入資訊信號中(例如一 語音信號之語音樣本、影像之像素、變換編碼信號之變換 係數等等...),而原始資料顯然不會受影響。許多種水印 方法在此技藝中是有名的。例如,原始影像之像素根據二 進位水印樣式之對應位元些許地增加或減少。 為了偵測資訊信號是否具有一嵌入水印,信號接受統計 分析。此統計分析得到一參數,在此稱為''決定變數",其 代表水印出現在信號中。例如,如果影像信號以根據水印 樣式增加或減少其像素水印,此決定變數可能是信號與水 印應用參考備份之間關連之總和。如果一影像以修改選擇 像素水印,該像素之預報是由暫時或場所鄰近像素計算。 此決定變數可能是與它們預設報完全不同像素的數量。 水印偵測器產生一二進位輸出信號指示'’發現水印''或" 沒有發現水印"。此是利用決定變數與一預定臨界值比較 完成。如果決定變數之值超過此臨界值,則信號中可考慮 出現水印。
C: \1234\54761. ptd 第5頁 401700 五、铎明說明(2) 發明目的及摘要 本發明的一個目的是提供一種用於偵測信號中,多重位 元水印出現之方法與配置。本發明的另一目的是提供一種 用於將此多重位元水印加入一視訊信號之影像中。 此是以一種在信號中偵測一多重位元水印之方法完成該 多重位元水印之各位元以一各自的水印副樣式表示,包含 步驟有:於各水印副樣式偵測一關連值指示該副樣式是否 出現在信號中;組合該關連值以偵測水印是否出現在信號 中而不管其多重位元值;且將該關連值與一應用多重位元 值之對應位.元比較以得到一指示表示偵測水印具有該應用 多重位元值。 本發明是根據需要在信號中喪入一多重位元水印。此是 利用一各自水印副樣式表示水印之各位元完成。一種偵測 水印的明確方法將包含使用一傳統水印偵測器於各個別的 水印位元利用偵測對應副樣式之出現。然而,如上文所提 及,偵測一水印是一統計分析處理,其可能導致錯誤的決 定。各個別的位元偵測之信號性是弱的,因為它的信號強 度是完整水印中能量之第1 / η ( η代表位元數目)。 本發明已經驗證偵測水印之出現而不管其多重位元值之 優點是具有最大信賴性 '且比較中間結果與被檢查多重位 元值之間的(H a m m i n g )差距。多重位元之信賴性現在是可 以與一整個完整強度水印偵測之信賴性比較。 本發明尚提供一種在一視訊影像中利用加一水印樣式進 入該影像嵌入一多重位元水印之方法,包含步驟有:將試
C: 1234X54761.ptd 第6頁 401700 五、發明說明(3) 訊影像及該水印樣式分割成一些區塊,水印樣式之區塊構 成副樣式:且以加上或不加上一副樣式至對應影像區塊表 示多重位元值之各位元, 附圖摘要說明 圖1顯示包含一水印嵌入器及一水印偵測器之一先前技 藝系統。 圖2顯示一水印樣式說明圖1中所示系統之操作。 · 圖3顯示根據本發明包含一水印嵌入器及一水印偵測器 之系統。 圖4顯示一水印樣式說明圖3中所示系統之操作。 較佳實施例之說明 本發明現在將參考一水印偵測器說明,其中指示水印出 現於信號中之決定變數是被分析信號與被偵測水印之參考 備份之間關連總和。然而,此說明不應該解釋成限制本發 明於此實施例。 圖1顯示一先前技藝水印偵測器,其包含一水印嵌入器1 及水印偵測器2。水印嵌入器接收一原始資訊信號p及一水 印信號w。資訊信號p假設有一具有8位元流明(1 u m i n a n c e ) 像素值p ( i )之數位影像。水印w假設是一值w ( i ) = 1或 w ( i ) = - 1之特定二進位樣式。圖2中顯示此一水印樣式之範 例,其中白色及黑色點各自表示值w ( i ) = 1 -及w ( i ) = 1。水 印嵌入器包含一加級1 0,其加上水印值w ( i )至輸入影像之 空間對應像素p ( 1 )。幸好這樣不影響影像之視覺表面。因 此嵌入水印是眼睛看不見的。
C:\1234\54761.ptd 第7頁 401700 五、發明說明(4) 在傳送或儲存(未顯示)之後,資訊信號q被應用至水印 偵測器2。水印偵測器包含一乘法級2 1及一共同構成一關 連電路之總和電路2 2。此乘法級接收資訊信號q及一水印w 之參考備份,信號q中偵測出現。接收影像之像素值P ( i ) 及參考水印之對應值w ( i )被個別的乘且然後相加以得到一 決定變數y,其代表輸入信號q與水印w之間關連之總和。 數學表示法: - 關聯值y被應用至一比較器23與一臨界值Yth,。如果y> ythl_,則比較器產生一輸出D = 1 (發現水印),如果y <ythr, 則比較器產生一輸出D = 0 (未發現水印)。水印樣式w及臨界 值yUlf小心地選擇以避免偵測器太常作成錯誤決定。 圖3顯示一根據本發明包含水印嵌入器及水印偵測器之 系統。對應圖1中所示元件之電路元件使用相同的參考號 碼。此範例中,應用水印w假設是一 1 6位元值。於是,利 用區塊分割裝置11將輸入影像分割成16個區塊(n = 16)。再 次利用區塊分割裝置1 2,水印樣式w被分割成1 6個副樣 式。一多重位元值% ... w,,控制一副樣式是否被加入影像 中。此說明於圖4中,其中黑色矩形代表對應影像區塊沒 有被水印。為了補償用於沒有水印所有影像區塊所引起的
C: ,123^X54761. ptd 第8頁 401700 五、發明說明(5) 減少水印’能量’,其他區塊被更加強地水印,例如以值2 取代如前文所討論之1遞加/遞減個別的像素。 水印偵測器2現在包含部份累積器2 2. 1、 2 2. 2、... 2 2. η。各用於水印之各位元。它們的輸出在一 最後加級24被組合以得到被應用至比較器23之決定變數 y。部份累積器之個別輸出代表個別的關連值y,... yn。在 正規化之後,它們的值介於0 (沒有關連)與1 (最大關連總 和)之間。一後來的求值電路2 5用於各關連值計算它與多 重位元值之對應位元之差被檢查且計算該差平方之總和。 因此,求值電路計算: Μ = Σ _i w ( η ) - y ( n ) j. 2 η 例如,如果被檢查水印是一 4位元值1 0 0 1,且對應關連值 是 y, = 0. 8、y2 = 0. 3、y:; = 0 . 1 且 y.4 = 0. 6,則求值電路計算: M = ( 0. 2 ) +( 0. 3 )' + ( 0. 1 )' + (0. 4 )' 此結果是一彳貞測水印類似已知的多位元值之指示。 結論,一種用於偵測信號(例如視訊影像)中多重位元水 印之方法及配置被發現。多重位元值之各位元是以一信號 中嵌入水印副樣式表示。替代以傳統方式偵測各個別副樣 式之出現(即偵測各個別位元),此偵測包含步驟有:偵測
C:\1234\54761.ptd 第9頁 401700 五、發明說明(6) (2 4, 2 3 )信號中完整水印之出現而不考慮多重位元值,且 湞測(2 5 )副樣式出現對應被檢查之多重位元值。在此改良 了水印偵測之信賴性。 第10頁 C: 1234\54761.ptd II··

Claims (1)

  1. 401700 87114549 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種偵測信號中一多重位元水印之方法.,該多重位元 水£卩之各位元〔w ( η ))以一個別水印副樣式表示,包含下列 之步驟: 決定(2 1,2 2 )各水印副樣式之一關連值(y ( η )),以指 示該副樣式出現於信號中之範圍; 組合(2 4,2 3 )該關連值以偵測(D )水印是否出現於信號 中而不考慮其多重位元值:及 - 比較(2 5 )該關連值(y ( η ))及應用多重位元值之對應位 元(w ( η ))以得到一指示〇丨)具有該應用多重位元值之該偵 測水印。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該比較步驟包含 計算各關連值與應用多重位元值對應位元之圭的平方總 和° 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中信號是一視訊影 像,其以加上一水印樣式至該影像之方式水印,視訊影像 及水印樣式被分成一些方塊/水印樣式之方塊構成該副^樣 式,且其中多重位元值之各位元是以一副樣式是否已經被 加至一對應影像方塊表示。 4. 一種用於偵測信號中多重位元水印之配置,該多重位 元水印之各位元(w ( η ))以一個別水印副樣式表示,包含: 用‘於決定(2 1, 2 2 )各水印副樣式之裝置,一關連值 (y ( η ))指示信號中出現該副樣式之範圍; 用於組合(2 4,2 3 )該關連值以偵測(D)信號中是否出現 水印而不考慮它的多重位元值之裝置;及
    C: 123^x54761. ptd 第丨丨頁 401700 六、申請專利範圍 用於比較(25 )該關連值(y(n ))與一應用多重位元值之 對應位元(w ( η ))以得到一指示(Μ )之裝置,其中指示(Μ )代 表偵測水印具有該應用多i位元值。 5. —種在一視訊影像中以加入一水印樣式至該影像方式 嵌入一多重位元水印之方法,包含下列步驟: 將視訊影像及該水印樣式分離(11,1 2)成方塊,水印 樣式之方塊構成副樣式〉及― 以加入或不加入一副樣式至對應影像方塊表示(1 0 )多 重位元值之各位元(w,. . . wn )。 6. —種用於在一視訊影像(P )中以加一水印樣式(W)至該 影像方式嵌入一多重位元水印之配置,包含: _ 用於將視訊影像及該水印樣式分離(11, 1 2 )成方塊之 裝置,水印樣式之方塊構成副樣式;及 用於根據多重位元值之對應位元(\^ . . . wn)加入(1 0 )或 不加入一副樣式至對應影像方塊之裝置。
    C:\123A54761.ptd 第12頁
TW087114549A 1997-09-02 1998-09-02 Watermarking an information signal TW401700B (en)

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