CN1294738C - 用于检测信息信号中水印的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
伪对称水印是这样的水印图形,它是通过平铺而用有限数量的基本图形构建的。用一种单一图形构成的周知WaterCast图形是这种水印图形的具体实例并被称为对称水印图形。周知的是,对称图形允许有由两阶段构成的有效检测方法,所述两阶段为第一阶段是累积阶段,随后是在累积数据上与基本图形周期性地滑动相关。本发明提供了一种用于伪对称水印的检测方法,所述伪对称水印与对称水印一样在复杂性方面有所类似地降低,也就是说,累积阶段后面是一个或多个周期性滑动相关步骤(使用有限数量的图形)。设W1,…,WN是一组基本图形,所有图形的尺寸均为M。折叠待检信号(31),就好像仅存在有单个的基本图形。折叠缓存会使求和图形W=W1+…+WN(39)作为一强分量。然后,通过与W周期性的滑动相关,可检测到水印的存在。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于检测信息信号中水印的方法和电路结构。
发明背景
在本技术中周知有将水印嵌进信息(例如视频、音频)信号中的多种方法以及相应的检测该水印的方法。
国际专利申请WO99/12331公开了一种周知的嵌入及检测方法。在这种先有技术方法中,将不同的水印图形嵌进信息信号的相应部分(这里是图像划分出的图像块)。这种通过平铺而用有限数量的基本图形构建的水印本文称为伪对称水印。
本发明目的及概要
本发明的目的是提供一种用于检测水印的方法和电路结构。
为此,所述方法包括下列步骤:累计上述部分;以及,使累积的部分与基本水印图形之和相关。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种检测信息信号中水印的方法,所述水印是通过将有限数量的基本水印图形平铺在信息信号的相应部分内而嵌入的,所述方法包括下列步骤:累计信息信号的所述部分;以及,使累积的部分与基本水印图形之和相关以获得相关值;其特征在于,所嵌入的水印包含大量不同的水印图形,其中所述多个图形中的每个图形以近似相等的概率出现,该图形是成对正交的或至少有少量相关性,而且该图形大小全部相等。
本发明基于这样的思想即:检测对称水印的周知方法还可应用于伪对称水印。国际专利申请WO99/45705公开了一种嵌入和检测对称水印的技术方法。在这种方法中,通过在视频图像的范围内重复一单个的小尺寸基本水印图形将水印嵌在视频信号内。“平铺”操作使得水印检测过程在较小的空间上搜索水印并提高检索可靠性。将数据有效载荷编码进基本水印平铺单元。如WO99/45705所述,通过累积或“交叠”缓存(在一个实施例中为128×128像素)中图像部分并使缓存的内容与单个128×128基本水印图形相关而检测水印。在检测器中使用对称相位唯一匹配过滤(SPOMF)法会提供参照水印相对不相关图像的相对位置。因此,周知的检测器相对转换和剪裁来说是不变的,转换和剪裁是图像可在水印检测之前经历的的两种过程。SPOMF还能很容易地对基本水印图形中的多位有效载荷进行编码。
本发明人业已发现,如果满足下列条件,则从WO99/45705中已知的检测方法还可有效地且可靠地应用于伪对称水印:(1)多个图形中的每一个图形按大致相同的概率出现;(2)所述图形成对地相正交或者至少没有关系;以及,(3)所述图形均具有相同的尺寸。
本发明的一个特殊优点是,如果用伪对称及对称水印来对多媒体内容加水印,则可以共享由不同水印检测器构成的复杂电路。目前正拟将这两种不同的水印嵌入方法(尽管不一定是上述两种方法)合并到一起。
附图简述
图1概略地示出了一图像,它带有呈多个基本水印图形W1…WN的嵌入的伪对称水印;
图2概略地示出了本发明的水印检测器的实施例;
图3示出了这样的图,它说明了图2所示的水印检测器进行的操作。
对实施例的说明
图1概略地示出了一图像,它带有呈多个基本水印图形W1…WN的嵌入的伪对称水印。
图2示出了本发明的水印检测器的实施例。检测器接收可能的加了水印的图像Q。将图像(或者多个累积的视频帧)分成具有基本水印图形的尺寸M×M的块(这里为128×128)。然后,将所说的块堆叠在缓存q内,缓存q的尺寸为M1×M2,如图3所示。通过折叠和缓存电路31来执行这些操作。
通过折叠待检信号就好象仅存在有一个基本图形,折叠缓存会使求和图形W=W1+…+WN作为一强分量。然后,通过使缓存内容与W周期性的滑动相关,可检测到水印的存在。其可靠性会随因子Sqrt[N]相对最佳的相关性(即与全信号水印的相同相关性)而下降。
为了使缓存内容与W相关,所述检测器包括增加级39,在该增加级中,逐样本地增加基本水印图形W1-WN。
所述检测器的操作还与WO99/45705相对应,所以,本文简略地加以重复。计算待检信息信号q与水印图形w的相关性包括计算上述信息信号值与水印图形的相应值的内积d=<q,w>。就两维M1×M2图像块q={qij}和水印图形W={wij}而言,可用数学标记将上述内积写作:
由于待检图像Q可在水印检测之前经历诸如转换或剪裁之类的处理,故检测器不知道水印图形W相对图像块q的边界的空间位置。所以,必须对所有可能的移位矢量K(水平kx像素,垂直ky像素):都计算多个相关值dk:
可用(快速)傅立叶变换同时计算上述相关值dk。在变换电路32和33中,使缓存q的内容和基本水印图形W分别经历快速傅立叶变项(FFT)。这些操作会产生:
其中
是复数。
计算相关值与计算q的褶积及W的共轭相类似。在上述变换域内,这对应于:
通过对上述乘法的结果作逆傅立叶变换可获得成组的相关值d={dk}:
它是由逆FFT电路36来实现的。随后,将相关值dk与阈值电路37中给定的阈值作比较。如果相关值之一具有显著的峰值即比阈值大,则检测到了要加水印的图像。从而相关值能用于确定水印的存在和/或水印的有效载荷。
如果必需检测是否嵌入了各图形W1-WN,则可以使用同一电路。然后,仅将要检查的图形(W1、W2等)应用于图2所示的设备。
在本发明方法的另一个实施例中,用尺寸为M折的缓存检索128×128平铺网格的位置。用同步平铺网格可计算出局部相关值Cij=<Yi,Wj>,其中,i是第i个待检信号平铺单元,Wj如前所述,<>表示内积。这就能仅用局部相关值Cij将转换搜索减少至网格上的间距。如果在整个水印中例如就平铺单元Wi而言在较高层次的对称中存在有额外的结构,则能进行非常有效的检测。
可将本发明概述如下。伪对称水印是这样的水印图形,它是通过平铺而用有限数量的基本图形构建的。用一种单一图形构成的周知WaterCast图形是这种水印图形的具体实例并被称为对称水印图形。周知的是,对称图形允许有由两阶段构成的有效检测方法,所述两阶段为第一阶段是累积阶段,随后是在累积数据上与基本图形周期性地滑动相关。本发明提供了一种用于伪对称水印的检测方法,所述伪对称水印与对称水印一样在复杂性方面有所类似地降低,也就是说,累积阶段后面是一个或多个周期性滑动相关步骤(使用有限数量的图形)。设W1,…,WN是一组基本图形,所有图形的尺寸均为M。折叠待检信号(31),就好像仅存在有单个的基本图形。折叠缓存会使求和图形W=W1+…+WN(39)作为一强分量。然后,通过与W周期性的滑动相关,可检测到水印的存在。
Claims (5)
1.一种检测信息信号中水印的方法,所述水印是通过将有限数量的基本水印图形平铺在信息信号的相应部分内而嵌入的,所述方法包括下列步骤:累计信息信号的所述部分;以及,使累积的部分与基本水印图形之和相关以获得相关值;其特征在于,所嵌入的水印包含大量不同的水印图形,其中所述多个图形中的每个图形以近似相等的概率出现,该图形是成对正交的或至少有少量相关性,而且该图形大小全部相等。
2.如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述相关值用于确定水印的存在和/或水印的有效载荷。
3.如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述相关值用于确定通过所述将有限数量的基本水印图形平铺在一个部分内而形成的网格的位置。
4.如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括这样的步骤:使一个部分与一个基本图形相关。
5.如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述相关值用于确定通过所述将有限数量的基本水印图形平铺在一个部分而形成的网格的位置,其特征还在于,使一个部分与一个基本图形相关和所述网格用于确定所述部分的位置。
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US6952485B1 (en) | 2000-09-11 | 2005-10-04 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark encoding and decoding in imaging devices and imaging device interfaces |
US6975745B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2005-12-13 | Digimarc Corporation | Synchronizing watermark detectors in geometrically distorted signals |
DE60308686T2 (de) * | 2002-07-22 | 2007-08-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Wasserzeichenerkennung |
JP4184406B2 (ja) | 2003-10-10 | 2008-11-19 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | ディジタル信号における電子透かしの検出 |
US7480393B2 (en) | 2003-11-19 | 2009-01-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Optimized digital watermarking functions for streaming data |
JP2008258807A (ja) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-23 | Toshiba Corp | 電子透かし検出装置、映像再生装置、映像複製装置、および電子透かし検出プログラム |
US9749607B2 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2017-08-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Coordinated illumination and image signal capture for enhanced signal detection |
US10424038B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2019-09-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Signal encoding outside of guard band region surrounding text characters, including varying encoding strength |
US9635378B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2017-04-25 | Digimarc Corporation | Sparse modulation for robust signaling and synchronization |
US10783601B1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2020-09-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking and signal encoding with activable compositions |
US9754341B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2017-09-05 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital watermarking and data hiding with narrow-band absorption materials |
US10872392B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2020-12-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Generating artistic designs encoded with robust, machine-readable data |
US10896307B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2021-01-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Generating and reading optical codes with variable density to adapt for visual quality and reliability |
US11062108B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2021-07-13 | Digimarc Corporation | Generating and reading optical codes with variable density to adapt for visual quality and reliability |
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WO1999045705A2 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 1999-09-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Embedding auxiliary data in a signal |
EP0967803A2 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 1999-12-29 | Nec Corporation | Robust digital watermarking |
WO2000004722A1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-01-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Detection of a watermark in a compressed video signal |
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US6879701B1 (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 2005-04-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Tile-based digital watermarking techniques |
BR9806152A (pt) * | 1997-09-02 | 2000-01-11 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Processo e arranjo para detectar uma "marca d'água" multi-bit em um sinal, e, processo e arranjo para embutir uma "marca d'água" multi-bit em uma imagem de vìdeo |
US6731774B1 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2004-05-04 | Sony Corporation | Associated information adding apparatus and method, and associated information detecting apparatus and method |
US6823455B1 (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2004-11-23 | Intel Corporation | Method for robust watermarking of content |
US6282300B1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-08-28 | Signafy, Inc. | Rotation, scale, and translation resilient public watermarking for images using a log-polar fourier transform |
US6792130B1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2004-09-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | System and method for embedding a watermark signal that contains message data in a digital image |
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2002
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- 2002-02-11 JP JP2002564932A patent/JP2004519163A/ja active Pending
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- 2002-02-11 EP EP02710255A patent/EP1362474B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-11 KR KR1020027013746A patent/KR20020089461A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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WO1999045705A2 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 1999-09-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Embedding auxiliary data in a signal |
WO1999045704A2 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 1999-09-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Watermark detection |
EP0967803A2 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 1999-12-29 | Nec Corporation | Robust digital watermarking |
WO2000004722A1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-01-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Detection of a watermark in a compressed video signal |
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ATE312472T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
CN1457590A (zh) | 2003-11-19 |
JP2004519163A (ja) | 2004-06-24 |
US7123743B2 (en) | 2006-10-17 |
EP1362474A1 (en) | 2003-11-19 |
DE60207822T2 (de) | 2006-08-17 |
WO2002065753A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
US20040146177A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1362474B1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
DE60207822D1 (de) | 2006-01-12 |
KR20020089461A (ko) | 2002-11-29 |
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