CN1160935C - 信息信号的水印处理 - Google Patents

信息信号的水印处理 Download PDF

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CN1160935C
CN1160935C CNB988012618A CN98801261A CN1160935C CN 1160935 C CN1160935 C CN 1160935C CN B988012618 A CNB988012618 A CN B988012618A CN 98801261 A CN98801261 A CN 98801261A CN 1160935 C CN1160935 C CN 1160935C
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J��P��M��G�����ɴ�
J·P·M·G·林纳茨
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
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    • H04N1/00005—Diagnosis, testing or measuring; Detecting, analysing or monitoring not otherwise provided for relating to image data
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N1/00037—Detecting, i.e. determining the occurrence of a predetermined state
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
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    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0061—Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0065—Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0083—Image watermarking whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious

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Abstract

介绍了一种检测信号(例如视频图像)中多位水印的方法和电路。多位值的二进制码以嵌入信号中的水印子图样表示。检测不是以一般的方式检测是否出现各专用子图样(即检测各专用二进制码)，而是包括下列各步骤：无论水印的多位值有多少检测信号中是否有完整的水印(24，23)，并检测子图样与待检验多位值相关出现到什么程度(25)，从而提高了水印检测的可靠性。

Description

信息信号的水印处理
技术领域
本发明涉及信息信号的一种水印处理和水印的检测。
背景技术
水印是嵌入象多媒体资料之类(例如有声静止图像、动画或电视画面)的信息信号中、感官上看不到的情报。水印可用来鉴定信息的版权所有权，使版板所有人可以通过检验其资料的复制品是否有自己的水印来探测所述复制品是否非法复制的。
水印是通过修正信号的数据样本(例如声频信号的声频样本，图像的像素，变换编码信号的变换系数等)而使人觉察不出由此产生的原信号的影响嵌入信息信号中的。现有技术的水印处理方法有多种多样。举例说，按二进制水印图样的相应二进制码稍微增加或减少原图像的像素。
为检测信息信号中是否嵌有水印，通常是对信号进行统计分析。统计分析的结果得出以下称之为“判断变量”的参数，这个参数表示水印在信号中出现到什么程度。举例说，若图像信号是通过按水印图样增加或减少其像素进行水印处理的，则判断变量可以是信号与所加的水印基准复制品之间的相互关系量。若图像是通过修正所选取的像素进行水印处理的，则对所述诸像素的预测是根据瞬间毗邻或在空间毗邻的各像素计算出来的。这时判断变量可以是与其预测相当不同的像素的数目。
水印检测器产生表示“有水印”或“无水印”的二进制输出信号。这是通过将判断变量与预定的阈值相比较进行的。若判断变量的值超过阈值，则认为信号中有水印。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种检测信号中是否有多位水印值存在的方法和有关的设备。本发明还有一个目的，即提供一种往视频信号的图像中提供这种多位水印值的方法和有关设备。
上述目的是通过一种检测信号中的多位水印的方法达到的，所述多位水印的各二进制码以相应水印的子图样表示，所述方法包括下列步骤：
确定各水印子图样表示所述子图样在信号中出现的相关程度的相关值；
混合所述各相关值，以检测所述水印无论其多位值的大小是否都出现在信号中；和
将所述相关值与所加多位值的相应二进制码相比较，以得出表明所检测的水印具有所述所加的多位值达到什么程度的指示。
本发明是基于想往信号中嵌入多位水印的愿望提出的。这是通过以相应的水印子图样表示水印的各二进制码达到的。检测水印直截了当的方法是用一般的水印检测器通过检测是否有相应的子图样出现检测水印的各专用二进制码的。然而，如上面说过的那样，水印检测是可能会导致错误判断的统计分析过程。各个位的检测的可靠性不大，这是因为其信号强度仅为整个水印中能量的n分之一(n为二进制码数)的缘故。
本发明者同人认识到，无论水印在最大可靠性情况下的多位值有多大，检测有无水印出现并比较中间结果(即个别子图样在信号中出现的程度)与待检验的多位值之间的(汉明)间距总是有好处的。这时多位检测的可靠性可与整个总强度水印检测的可靠性媲美。
本发明还提供一种通过往所述图像中加入水印图样将多位水印嵌入视频图像的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：将视频图像和所述这水印图样分成多个像组，水印图样的各像组构成子图样；并给相应的像组加或不加子图样来表示多位值的各二进制码。
附图说明
图1是现有技术由一个水印嵌入器和一个水印检测器组成的系统的示意图。
图2是举例说明图1所示的系统工作过程的水印图样。
图3是举例说明图3中所示系统的工作过程的水印图样。
图4是本发明由一个水印嵌入器和检测器组成的系统示意图。
具体实施方式
现在就一个水印检测系统来说明本发明，所述水印检测系统中表示水印在信号中出现的程度的判断变量为分析中的信号与待检测水印的基准复制品之间的相关量。但此说明不意味着本发明局限于这个实施例。
图1示出了现有技术由一个水印嵌入器1和一个水印检测器2组成的水印检测系统。水印嵌入器1接收原信息信号p和水印信号w。这里假设信息信号p为亮度像素值p(i)为8位的数字化图像。假设水印w为各值w(i)＝1或w(i)＝-1的特定二进制图样。图2示出了这种水印图样的一个例子，其中白点和黑点分别表示w(i)值＝-1，w(i)值＝1。水印嵌入器1有一个加法级10将水印值w(i)加到输入图像空间中相应的像素p(i)。应该指出的是，这并不影响图像的视觉外观，因而这个嵌入的水印，感官上是看不到的。
信息信号q在传送或存储(图中未示出)之后加到水印检测器2上。水印检测器2有一个相乘级21和一个求和电路22，两者共同构成相关电路。相乘级21接收信息信号q和水印w的基准复制品，要检测的是信号q中是否有这个复制品。所收到信号的像素值q(i)和基准水印的相应值w(i)各自相乘之后加起来，得出表示输入信号q与水印w之间的相关值的判断变量，以数学式子表示为：
y = Σ i = 1 I w ( i ) × q ( i )
其中I为像素的总数。
相关值y加到比较器23，与阈值ythr比较。比较器23在y＞ythr产生输出D＝1(表示有水印)，在y＜ythr时产生输出D＝0(表示没有水印)。为避免检测器频频作出错误的判断，选取水印图样w或阈值ythr时要小心。
图4示出了本发明由一个水印嵌入器1和一个水印检测器2组成的系统。图中各电路元件的编号采用与图1中所示各元件的相应编号。在此实例中，假设所加的水印w，其值为16位。因此，输入图像由分组装置11分成16个像组(n＝16)。多位值w1，…，Wn控制着是否给图像加子图样。这方面在图3中举例说明，其中空白矩形表示相应的图像组没有经过水印处理。为补偿水印因没有对所有图像组进行水印处理引起的“能量”减小，对其它各像组加强水印处理，例如如上面说过的那样，通过使各像素的数目增加/减少2而不是1进行。
现在，水印检测器2有n个部分累加器22.1，22.2，…，22.n，每水印w的各位一个。各部分累加器的输出在最终加法级24中混合，得出判断变量y加到比较器23上。各部分累加器的各输出表示各相关值y1，…，yn，经过归一化之后，其值在0(不相关)与1(最大相关值)之间。后面的评价电路25计算各相关值与待检验多位值相应值的差值，并计算出这些差值各平方值之和
M = Σ n { w ( n ) - y ( n ) } 2
这样，评价电路计算的内容如下。举例说，待检验的水印值为1001的四位值，且相应的相关值分别为y1＝0.8，y2＝0.3，y3＝0.1和y4＝0.6，则评价电路计算
M＝(0.2)2+(0.3)2+(0.1)2+(0.4)2，
计算结果表示所检测出的水印与给定的多位值的相似程度。
综上所述，这里公开了检测信号(例如视频图像)中多位水印的一种方法及其有关电路。多位值的二进制码以信号中嵌入的水印子图样表示。检测并不是象一般作法那样检测是否有各专用子图样出现(例如检测各专用二进制码)，而是包括下列步骤：无论水印的多位值大小，检测信号中有否完整水印出现(24，23)，并检测子图样的出现与待检测的多位值相关到什么程度(25)，从而提高了水印检测的可靠性。

Claims (6)

1.一种检测信号中的多位水印的方法，所述多位水印的各二进制码(w(n))以相应水印的子图样表示，所述方法包括下列步骤：
确定(21，22)各水印子图样表示所述子图样在信号中出现的相关程度的相关值(y(n))；
混合(24，23)所述各相关值，以检测(D)所述水印无论其多位值的大小是否都出现在信号中；和
将所述相关值(y(n))与所加多位值的相应二进制码(w(n))相比较(25)，以得出表明所检测的水印具有所述所加的多位值达到什么程度的指示(M)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述比较步骤包括计算出各相关值与所加多位值的相应二进制码之间的各差值的平方和。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信号为通过给一个原图像加上水印图样水印处理过的视频图像，且视频图像和水印图样分成多个像组，水印图样的多个像组构成所述子图样，多位值的各位以相应图像组是否加过子图样表示。
4.一种用于检测信号中的多位水印的电路，所述多位水印的二进制码(w(n))以相应的水印子图样表示，所述电路包括：
确定装置(21，22)，用于确定各水印子图样表示其在所述信号中出现的程度的相关值(y(n))；
混合装置(24，23)，用于混合所述诸相关值以检测(D)水即无论其多位值的大小是否出现在所述信号中；和
比较装置(25)，供将所述各相关值(y(n))与所加多位值的相应二进制码(w(n))相比较，以得出表明所检测出的水印拥有所述所加的多位值达到什么程度的指示。
5.一种通过将水印图样加到视频图像中而向所述图像中嵌入多位水印的方法，包括下列步骤：
将所述视频图像和所述水印图样划分成(11，12)多个像组，由水印图样的多个像组构成子图样；和
通过给相应的图像组加或不加子图样表示(10)多位值的各二进制码(w1，…，wn)。
6.一种通过给视频图像(P)加水印图样(W)而向所述图像中嵌入多位水印的电路，包括：
用于将视频图像和所述水印图像划分成(11，12)多个像组的装置，该水印图样的各像组构成子图样；和
用于根据多位值的相应二进制码(w1，…，wn)给相应的图像组加上(10)或不加上子图样的装置。
CNB988012618A 1997-09-02 1998-08-17 信息信号的水印处理 Expired - Fee Related CN1160935C (zh)

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