TW272293B - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
TW272293B
TW272293B TW082108554A TW82108554A TW272293B TW 272293 B TW272293 B TW 272293B TW 082108554 A TW082108554 A TW 082108554A TW 82108554 A TW82108554 A TW 82108554A TW 272293 B TW272293 B TW 272293B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
alloy
pulverization
max
phase
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Application number
TW082108554A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Spec Metals
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP19288693A external-priority patent/JP3415208B2/en
Priority claimed from JP20719093A external-priority patent/JP3151087B2/en
Priority claimed from JP5207192A external-priority patent/JPH0745412A/en
Priority claimed from JP20719193A external-priority patent/JP3151088B2/en
Priority claimed from JP21217193A external-priority patent/JP3299000B2/en
Application filed by Sumitomo Spec Metals filed Critical Sumitomo Spec Metals
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TW272293B publication Critical patent/TW272293B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0573—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes obtained by reduction or by hydrogen decrepitation or embrittlement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
    • B22F2202/05—Use of magnetic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

It is an object of the present invention to provide R-Fe-B permanent magnet materials having a good oxidation resistance and magnetic characteristics, and a process of producing the same capable of pulverizing efficiently, whereby an R-Fe-B molten alloy having a specific composition is casted into a cast piece having a specific plate thickness and a structure, in which an R-rich phase is finely separated below 5 mu m, by a strip casting process, the cast piece is subjected to a Hydrogenation for spontaneous decay, and thereafter, an alloy powder is dehydrogenated and stabilized for pulverization so as to fractionize crystal grains of a main phase constituting an alloy ingot, thereby the powder having a uniform grain distribution can be produced at an efficiency of about twice as much as the conventional process, and the R-rich phase and an R2Fe14B phase are also fractionized at the time of pulverization, thus by magnetization by pressing after the orientation using a pulse magnetic field, a high performance R-Fe-B permanent magnet having, a good oxidation resistance and magnetic characteristics of the magnetic alloy, particularly, a total value A + B of a maximum energy product value (BH) max (MGOe); A and a characteristic value; B of a coercive force iHc(kOe) of 59 or more and the squareness of demagnetization curve {(Br<2>/4)/(BH) max} of 1.01 to 1.045 is obtained.
TW082108554A 1993-07-06 1993-10-15 TW272293B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP19288693A JP3415208B2 (en) 1993-07-06 1993-07-06 Method for producing R-Fe-B permanent magnet material
JP20719093A JP3151087B2 (en) 1993-07-28 1993-07-28 Method for producing raw material powder for R-Fe-B-based permanent magnet and alloy powder for adjusting raw material powder
JP5207192A JPH0745412A (en) 1993-07-28 1993-07-28 R-fe-b permanent magnet material
JP20719193A JP3151088B2 (en) 1993-07-28 1993-07-28 Method for producing raw material powder for R-Fe-B-based permanent magnet and alloy powder for adjusting raw material powder
JP21217193A JP3299000B2 (en) 1993-08-03 1993-08-03 Method for producing raw material powder for R-Fe-B-based permanent magnet and alloy powder for adjusting raw material powder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW272293B true TW272293B (en) 1996-03-11

Family

ID=27529067

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW082108554A TW272293B (en) 1993-07-06 1993-10-15

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0633581B1 (en)
KR (1) KR0131060B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1076115C (en)
AT (1) ATE165477T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69318147T2 (en)
RU (1) RU2113742C1 (en)
TW (1) TW272293B (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI550656B (en) * 2013-02-07 2016-09-21 美國明尼蘇達大學評議委員會 Bulk permanent magnetic material and method for forming the same
US9994949B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-06-12 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Applied magnetic field synthesis and processing of iron nitride magnetic materials
US10002694B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2018-06-19 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Inductor including alpha″-Fe16Z2 or alpha″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O
US10068689B2 (en) 2011-08-17 2018-09-04 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride permanent magnet and technique for forming iron nitride permanent magnet
US10072356B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2018-09-11 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Magnetic material including α″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2 or a mixture of α″-Fe16Z2 and α″-Fe16N2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O
US10358716B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2019-07-23 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Forming iron nitride hard magnetic materials using chemical vapor deposition or liquid phase epitaxy
US10504640B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2019-12-10 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride materials and magnets including iron nitride materials
US10573439B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2020-02-25 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Multilayer iron nitride hard magnetic materials
US11195644B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2021-12-07 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride magnetic material including coated nanoparticles
US12018386B2 (en) 2019-10-11 2024-06-25 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Magnetic material including α″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2 or a mixture of α″-Fe16Z2 and α″-Fe16N2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5666635A (en) * 1994-10-07 1997-09-09 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Fabrication methods for R-Fe-B permanent magnets
US5858123A (en) * 1995-07-12 1999-01-12 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Rare earth permanent magnet and method for producing the same
US6319335B1 (en) * 1999-02-15 2001-11-20 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Quenched thin ribbon of rare earth/iron/boron-based magnet alloy
EP1059645B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2006-06-14 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Thin ribbon of rare earth-based permanent magnet alloy
CN1182548C (en) 2000-07-10 2004-12-29 株式会社新王磁材 Rear-earth magnet and its producing method
KR100446193B1 (en) * 2002-05-29 2004-08-30 주식회사 태평양금속 Method and Apparatus for manufacturing permanent magnet using electric conductor film
US7618497B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2009-11-17 Tdk Corporation R-T-B based rare earth permanent magnet and method for production thereof
JP4179973B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2008-11-12 Ｔｄｋ株式会社 Manufacturing method of sintered magnet
JP4656323B2 (en) 2006-04-14 2011-03-23 信越化学工業株式会社 Method for producing rare earth permanent magnet material
US7955443B2 (en) * 2006-04-14 2011-06-07 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Method for preparing rare earth permanent magnet material
CN100394518C (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-06-11 北京工业大学 Method for preparing high coercive force sintering rare-earth-iron-p permanent magnetic material
RU2453942C2 (en) * 2006-09-14 2012-06-20 Улвак, Инк. Permanent magnet and method of making said magnet
WO2008062757A1 (en) 2006-11-21 2008-05-29 Ulvac, Inc. Process for producing oriented object, molded object, and sintered object and process for producing permanent magnet
RU2458423C2 (en) * 2006-12-21 2012-08-10 Улвак, Инк. Permanent magnet and method of making said magnet
CN101393791B (en) * 2007-09-21 2012-10-03 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 Anisotropic magnetic powder and manufacturing method thereof
CN101872668B (en) * 2009-04-23 2014-06-25 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 Sintered NdFeB rear-earth permanent magnet with fine magnetization characteristic and manufacturing method thereof
CN102087917B (en) * 2009-12-02 2014-06-25 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 Preparation method and pressing device for radiation-oriented magnet ring or multipolar magnet ring
JP5572673B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2014-08-13 昭和電工株式会社 R-T-B system rare earth sintered magnet alloy, R-T-B system rare earth sintered magnet alloy manufacturing method, R-T-B system rare earth sintered magnet alloy material, R-T-B system rare earth Sintered magnet, method for producing RTB-based rare earth sintered magnet, and motor
WO2013100011A1 (en) 2011-12-27 2013-07-04 インターメタリックス株式会社 Sintered neodymium magnet
EP2800108B1 (en) 2011-12-27 2018-04-11 Intermetallics Co., Ltd. Sintered neodymium magnet
JP6119548B2 (en) * 2012-10-17 2017-04-26 信越化学工業株式会社 Manufacturing method of rare earth sintered magnet
CN103887028B (en) * 2012-12-24 2017-07-28 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 A kind of Sintered NdFeB magnet and its manufacture method
JP6238444B2 (en) * 2013-01-07 2017-11-29 昭和電工株式会社 R-T-B rare earth sintered magnet, R-T-B rare earth sintered magnet alloy and method for producing the same
DE102016205243A1 (en) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 Thyssenkrupp Ag Apparatus and method for processing a sample material
CN108481877B (en) * 2018-03-10 2020-06-23 葛理想 Fragmentation treatment process of magnetic material for electromagnetic shielding
JP7409285B2 (en) * 2020-10-22 2024-01-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Rare earth magnet and its manufacturing method
CN115747611B (en) * 2022-10-13 2023-10-20 包头金山磁材有限公司 Auxiliary alloy cast sheet, high-remanence high-coercivity neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet and preparation method

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CA1316375C (en) * 1982-08-21 1993-04-20 Masato Sagawa Magnetic materials and permanent magnets
JPS62291901A (en) * 1986-06-12 1987-12-18 Toshiba Corp Permanent magnet
CN1051864C (en) * 1986-08-04 2000-04-26 住友特殊金属株式会社 Rare earth permanent magnet having excellent corrosion resistance
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EP0304054B1 (en) * 1987-08-19 1994-06-08 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Rare earth-iron-boron magnet powder and process of producing same
JPH01119001A (en) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-11 Kubota Ltd Manufacture of permanent magnetic powder containing rare earth element
JPH0529117A (en) * 1990-10-22 1993-02-05 Kawasaki Steel Corp Manufacture of rare earth-transition metal anisotropic magnetic powder
EP0517179B1 (en) * 1991-06-04 1995-05-17 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Method of making two phase Rare Earth permanent magnets
JP2782024B2 (en) * 1992-01-29 1998-07-30 住友特殊金属株式会社 Method for producing raw material powder for R-Fe-B-based permanent magnet

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10068689B2 (en) 2011-08-17 2018-09-04 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride permanent magnet and technique for forming iron nitride permanent magnet
US11742117B2 (en) 2011-08-17 2023-08-29 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride permanent magnet and technique for forming iron nitride permanent magnet
US11217371B2 (en) 2013-02-07 2022-01-04 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride permanent magnet and technique for forming iron nitride permanent magnet
TWI550656B (en) * 2013-02-07 2016-09-21 美國明尼蘇達大學評議委員會 Bulk permanent magnetic material and method for forming the same
US9715957B2 (en) 2013-02-07 2017-07-25 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride permanent magnet and technique for forming iron nitride permanent magnet
US10692635B2 (en) 2013-02-07 2020-06-23 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride permanent magnet and technique for forming iron nitride permanent magnet
US10504640B2 (en) 2013-06-27 2019-12-10 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride materials and magnets including iron nitride materials
US11195644B2 (en) 2014-03-28 2021-12-07 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Iron nitride magnetic material including coated nanoparticles
US10961615B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2021-03-30 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Applied magnetic field synthesis and processing of iron nitride magnetic materials
US9994949B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-06-12 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Applied magnetic field synthesis and processing of iron nitride magnetic materials
US10358716B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2019-07-23 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Forming iron nitride hard magnetic materials using chemical vapor deposition or liquid phase epitaxy
US10573439B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2020-02-25 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Multilayer iron nitride hard magnetic materials
US10072356B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2018-09-11 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Magnetic material including α″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2 or a mixture of α″-Fe16Z2 and α″-Fe16N2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O
US10002694B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2018-06-19 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Inductor including alpha″-Fe16Z2 or alpha″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O
US11214862B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2022-01-04 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Forming iron nitride hard magnetic materials using chemical vapor deposition or liquid phase epitaxy
US12018386B2 (en) 2019-10-11 2024-06-25 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Magnetic material including α″-Fe16(NxZ1-x)2 or a mixture of α″-Fe16Z2 and α″-Fe16N2, where Z includes at least one of C, B, or O

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69318147T2 (en) 1998-11-12
DE69318147D1 (en) 1998-05-28
EP0633581B1 (en) 1998-04-22
CN1114779A (en) 1996-01-10
ATE165477T1 (en) 1998-05-15
KR950004295A (en) 1995-02-17
KR0131060B1 (en) 1998-04-24
CN1076115C (en) 2001-12-12
EP0633581A1 (en) 1995-01-11
RU2113742C1 (en) 1998-06-20

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