TW202333281A - 用於深溝槽內的低溫選擇性磊晶之方法及設備 - Google Patents
用於深溝槽內的低溫選擇性磊晶之方法及設備 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202333281A TW202333281A TW112115071A TW112115071A TW202333281A TW 202333281 A TW202333281 A TW 202333281A TW 112115071 A TW112115071 A TW 112115071A TW 112115071 A TW112115071 A TW 112115071A TW 202333281 A TW202333281 A TW 202333281A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
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- LUXIMSHPDKSEDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(disilanyl)silane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH2][SiH2][SiH3] LUXIMSHPDKSEDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LICVGLCXGGVLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilanyl(disilanylsilyl)silane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH2][SiH2][SiH2][SiH3] LICVGLCXGGVLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- PLUQSKKKNPNZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasiletane Chemical compound [SiH2]1[SiH2][SiH2][SiH2]1 PLUQSKKKNPNZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/186—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate being specially pre-treated by, e.g. chemical or physical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67098—Apparatus for thermal treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0209—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by heating
- C23C16/0218—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by heating in a reactive atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0227—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by cleaning or etching
- C23C16/0236—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by cleaning or etching by etching with a reactive gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0227—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by cleaning or etching
- C23C16/0245—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by cleaning or etching by etching with a plasma
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/24—Deposition of silicon only
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/56—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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Abstract
本揭示案一般係關於用於在半導體元件上形成磊晶層的叢集工具和方法。在一個實施中,叢集工具包括移送腔室、耦接到移送腔室的預清洗腔室、耦接到移送腔室的電漿清洗腔室、耦接到移送腔室的沉積腔室、耦接到移送腔室的蝕刻腔室以及耦接到移送腔室的熱處理腔室。
Description
本揭示案的實施一般係關於半導體製造製程領域,更具體地係關於用於形成半導體元件的沉積含矽膜的叢集工具和方法。
低溫磊晶具有具非常高程度摻雜劑活化的產生磊晶膜的明顯優點。具有高度摻雜劑活化的磊晶膜可以對於CMOS製造製程中的接觸應用是有用的,其中熱預算需要在特定溫度(如攝氏450度)或低於特定溫度(如攝氏450度),以在中段(middle-of-line (MOL))製造製程中保持高K金屬閘極堆疊。
需要在本領域中整合用於生長含磷矽層的低溫磊晶,以能夠減少nMOS電晶體的接觸電阻的量級。
本揭示案一般係關於用於在半導體元件上形成磊晶層的叢集工具和方法。在一個實施中,叢集工具包括移送腔室、耦接到移送腔室的預清洗腔室、耦接到移送腔室的電漿清洗腔室、耦接到移送腔室的沉積腔室、耦接到移送腔室的蝕刻腔室以及耦接到移送腔室的熱處理腔室。
在另一實施中,叢集工具包括耦接到裝載閘腔室的移送腔室、耦接到移送腔室的第一清洗腔室、耦接到該移送腔室的第二清洗腔室、耦接到該移送腔室的磊晶沉積腔室、耦接到移送腔室的蝕刻腔室以及耦接到移送腔室的熱處理腔室,該第一清洗腔室包含電容耦合電漿源和耦接到偏壓RF電源的基板支撐件,該第二清洗腔室包含電感耦合電漿源,該磊晶腔室包括與液體前驅物源流體連通的液體蒸發器。
圖1是圖示根據本揭示案的一個實施的形成磊晶層的方法的流程圖100。該方法在方塊102開始,其中預清洗基板。基板可以是晶圓或具有原生氧化物的任何物品。基板可以含有單晶表面和/或含有為非單晶(如多晶或非晶形(amorphous)表面)的一個次表面。單晶表面可包括裸晶體基板或通常由諸如矽、鍺、矽鍺或矽碳的材料製成的沉積單晶層。多晶或非晶形表面可包括介電材料(如氧化物或氮化物,特別是氧化矽或氮化矽)以及非晶矽表面。
可使用從基板去除氧化物而不顯著損壞基板的任何合適的清洗製程。合適的清洗製程包括濺射蝕刻製程、基於電漿的氧化物蝕刻製程、濕式蝕刻製程或其組合。 示例性的基於電漿的氧化物蝕刻製程包括NF
3/NH
3電感耦合電漿處理或NF
3/NH
3電容耦合電漿製程。在一個實施中,基於電漿的氧化物蝕刻製程是遠端電漿輔助乾式蝕刻製程,其包含將基板同時暴露於NF
3和NH
3電漿副產物。在一個實例中,基於電漿的氧化物蝕刻製程可類似於SiCoNi™蝕刻製程或者可包括SiCoNi™蝕刻製程,SiCoNi™蝕刻製程可從加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得。SiCoNi™蝕刻製程可在SiCoNi™預清洗腔室中施行,SiCoNi™預清洗腔室可自加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得。圖2中圖示一個示例性SiCoNi™預清洗腔室且將在下面進行討論。
在使用遠端電漿的一些實施中,氣體物質的激發允許無電漿損壞的基板處理。遠端電漿蝕刻可以向氧化矽層是大程度上共形(conformal)和選擇性的,且因此不管矽是非晶形的、結晶的或多晶的,都無法輕易蝕刻矽。遠端電漿處理通常會產生固體副產物,當基板材料被去除時,固體副產物生長在基板的表面上。當基板的溫度上升(如300°C)時,固體副產物可以隨後經由昇華而被去除。電漿蝕刻製程使得基板表面在其上具有矽-氫(Si--H)鍵結。
在一些實施中,可使用遠端電漿源在處理腔室中施行清洗製程。例如,處理腔室可以是可從美國加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的AKTIV預清洗™腔室(AKTIV Pre-Clean™ chamber)。圖3圖示使用ICP源的一個示例性蝕刻腔室且將在下面討論。
在一些實施中,可使用電感耦合電漿(ICP)源在蝕刻腔室中施行清洗製程。例如,蝕刻腔室可以是可從加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的Centura
®Advantedge™ Mesa™蝕刻腔室。或者,可在採用基於自由基的化學物質的蝕刻腔室中施行清洗製程。下面的圖5圖示使用ICP源的一個示例性蝕刻腔室。
若需要,方塊102可包括額外的準備步驟。例如,方塊102可包括預烘烤基板以進一步清洗表面。可在約330℃溫度下存在有氫氣下施行預烘烤。在這種情況下,可在磊晶腔室中完成預烘烤,如下面圖4所示的一個磊晶腔室。預烘烤可包括將基板的溫度升高到約330℃。在一些實施中,方塊102包括基板的HF清洗,其可產生有矽(單晶)表面上的-H終端和氧化物(介電)表面上的-OH終端。
在方塊104,將基板暴露於例如在用於磊晶沉積含矽層的目標溫度下的氣相磊晶腔室中的處理試劑中。可使用的一種示例性的磊晶腔室是可從美國加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的CENTURA
®RP磊晶腔室。下面圖4圖示一個示例性磊晶腔室。可以預期,可使用包括可從其他製造商取得的其他腔室來實施磊晶沉積。
用於磊晶沉積的目標溫度可以在約250℃至約600℃之間,如約300℃至約500℃,如約350℃至約400℃。磊晶腔室內的壓力保持相對較低,例如小於約50Torr,如約10Torr至約40Torr。處理試劑可包括一個或更多個沉積氣體和至少一個摻雜劑氣體。沉積氣體可包括選自以下各者中的一個或更多個前驅物氣體:第三族(Group III)前驅物氣體、第五族(Group V)前驅物氣體、第六族(Group VI)前驅物氣體或第四族(Group IV)前驅物氣體。在形成含矽磊晶層的情況下,沉積氣體可包含至少一個矽源。示例性矽源可包括但不限於矽烷、鹵化矽烷、四氯化矽(SiCl
4)或其任何組合。矽烷可包括矽烷(SiH
4)和更高級的矽烷(具有經驗方程式Si
xH
(2x+2)),如乙矽烷(Si
2H
6)、三矽烷 (Si
3H
8)、四矽烷(Si
4H
10)、五矽烷(Si
5H
12)或六矽烷(Si
6H
14)。亦可使用其他更高級的矽烷,如以Si
nH
2n表示的矽氫化物(n是等於或大於3的自然數)。例如,環三矽烷(Si
3H
6)、環四矽烷(Si
4H
8)、環戊矽烷(Si
6H
10)、環己矽烷(Si
6H
12)或環庚矽烷(Si
7H
14)。鹵代矽烷可包括一氯甲矽烷(MCS)、二氯矽烷(DCS)、三氯矽烷(TCS)、六氯矽烷(HCDS)、八氯矽烷(OCTS)、四氯化矽(STC)或以上各者之組合。在一些實施中,矽烷可包括具有不同程度鹵化的更高級矽烷,其以-F、Cl、Br或I的形式與其連接以能夠有選擇性。例如,Si
2H
4Cl
2或Si
3H
5Cl
3等。
在一個示例性實施中,矽源包含四矽烷。在另一個示例性實施中,矽源包含乙矽烷。在又另一示例性實施中,矽源包含四矽烷和乙矽烷。
根據沉積的磊晶層所需的導電特性,摻雜劑氣體可包括但不限於磷、硼、砷、鎵或鋁。沉積氣體可選地含有至少一種次要元素源,如鍺源或碳源。根據應用,其他元素(如金屬、鹵素或氫)可結合在含矽層內。在一個示例性實施中,含矽磊晶層是摻雜有磷的矽(Si:P),其可以使用摻雜劑(如磷化氫(PH
3)、三氯化磷(PCl
3)、三溴化磷(PBr
3)及膦類化合物(如磷酸三丁酯))來實現。
處理試劑可選擇性地包括載體氣體。可基於在磊晶製程期間使用的前驅物和/或製程溫度來選擇載體氣體。合適的載體氣體包括氮氣、氫氣、氬氣、氦氣或對磊晶製程惰性的其他氣體。在低溫(如<600℃)製程的實施中,氮可用作載體氣體。載體氣體可具有約1SLM(每分鐘標準公升)至約100SLM的流速,如約3SLM至約30SLM。
下表1表示在給定製程條件下使用不同矽源(四矽烷對乙矽烷)形成的含磷磊晶層(Si:P)的選擇性生長速率。在表1所示的全部實例中,以約11sccm的流速提供四矽烷,而以約90sccm的流速提供乙矽烷。以約1000sccm(四矽烷)和約300sccm(乙矽烷)的流速提供磷化氫。用作載體氣體的氫氣(未圖示)以約8000sccm的流速提供。在所有實例中,處理腔室被加熱並保持在約400℃至約500℃,其中腔室壓力約為40Torr。本說明書及整個本揭示案中所述的製程條件係基於300mm直徑的基板。從下表1中可以看出,儘管四矽烷以比乙矽烷少得多的量流動,但在500℃下相較於使用二矽烷的矽源,使用四矽烷的矽源提供更優異的生長速率。
表 1
矽源 | 條件 | 流量 / 時間 | 厚度 / 應變 %-XRD | 生長速率 |
四矽烷(Si 4H 10) | 400°C/40T | Si 4H 10:11sccm/PH3:1000sccm/時間:3000s | 270Å/1.4% | 5 Å/min |
四矽烷(Si 4H 10) | 450°C/40T | Si 4H 10: 11 sccm/PH3: 1000 sccm/時間:712s | 450Å/1.3% | 37 Å/min |
四矽烷(Si 4H 10) | 500°C/40T | Si 4H 10: 11 sccm/PH3: 1000 sccm/時間:200s | 796Å/1.3% | 239 Å/min |
乙矽烷(Si 2H 6) | 450°C/40T | Si 2H 6: 90 sccm/PH3: 300 sccm/時間:1800s | 265Å/1.4% | 9 Å/min |
乙矽烷(Si 2H 6) | 475°C/40T | Si 2H 6: 90 sccm/PH3: 300 sccm/時間:1800s | 540Å/1.1% | 18 Å/min |
乙矽烷(Si 2H 6) | 500°C/40T | Si 2H 6: 90 sccm/PH3: 300 sccm/時間:200s | 550Å/1.0% | 165 Å/min |
在乙矽烷用作矽源的一些實施中,處理試劑可進一步包括鹵素前驅物。示例性的鹵素前驅物可以是含有鹵素分子(如氯氣或氯化氫)的前驅物。鹵素前驅物可在磊晶製程期間與沉積氣體同時地(simultaneously)或並行地(concurrently)流動(即,共流模式)。在這種情況下,沉積氣體和鹵素前驅物可分別流入磊晶腔室。沉積氣體和鹵素前驅物可在流入磊晶腔室之前預先混合並形成為氣體混合物。在任一情況下,磊晶腔室中的沉積氣體和鹵素前驅物的流量比可以是約1:1.5至約1:3,如約1:2。可以預期,本說明書提及的乙矽烷和氯氣可以使用本說明書所述之流量比率用任何其他矽源和鹵素前驅物代替。
在方塊106,一旦在基板上形成了所需厚度的含矽磊晶層,就中斷(discontinue)處理試劑的流動,並且將任何反應殘餘物和/或不必要的氣體以泵排出(pumped out)磊晶腔室。在方塊106期間,磊晶腔室內的壓力保持在約1Torr至約30Torr,如約1.5Torr至約15Torr。淨化氣體(如氫氣或氬氣)可被引入磊晶腔室中以允許處理試劑和殘餘物從磊晶腔室被以泵排出,同時將磊晶腔室保持在所需的腔室壓力下。淨化時間可在約5秒至約45秒之間變化,如約15秒至約20秒。
在方塊108,中斷淨化氣體的流動,以及將基板暴露於蝕刻氣體以從基板的介電表面選擇性地去除非晶材料,如非晶矽(a-Si)。可在如圖3或圖5所示的蝕刻腔室中施行蝕刻製程。
蝕刻氣體可包括至少一個蝕刻劑和載體氣體。蝕刻劑可以是含鹵素的蝕刻劑。示例性的蝕刻劑可包括但不限於氯化氫(HCl)、氫化鍺(GeH
4)、氯(Cl
2)、三氯化硼(BCl
3)、三氯化磷(PCl
3)或其任何組合。亦可使用更高級的(higher order)鍺烷(如二甲鍺烷(Ge
2H
6)或三鍺烷(Ge
3H
8))或氯化鍺烷氣體(如四氯化鍺(GeCl
4)、二氯鍺烷(GeH
2Cl
2)、三氯鍺烷(GeHCl
3)、六氯二鍺烷(Ge
2Cl
6)或以上各者中任兩個或更多個)。在一個實施中,蝕刻劑包括HCl和GeH
4。在另一實施中,蝕刻劑包括HCl和PCl
3。在又另一個實施中,蝕刻劑包括Cl
2與PCl
3。在又另一實施中,蝕刻劑包括HCl、GeH
4和PCl
3。亦可使用任何合適的鹵化鍺化合物。
載體氣體可包括氫氣、氮氣、氬氣、氦氣及其任何組合。可基於特定的蝕刻劑來選擇載體氣體。在一個示例性實施中,蝕刻劑包括HCl和GeH
4。在另一個實施中,蝕刻劑包括Cl
2和GeH
4。在蝕刻期間使用HCl與GeH
4的情況下,可以以約1:3至約1:7(如約1:5)的GeH
4/HCl比率將HCl與GeH
4的流引入磊晶腔室。在一個示例性實例中,以約60sccm的流速引入GeH
4,以及以300sccm引入HCl,其中以約3SLM的流速引入載體氣體(N2)。
蝕刻時間可以為約250秒至約850秒,例如約300秒至約800秒,例如約360秒至約480秒。在回蝕期間,蝕刻溫度可以為約600℃或更低,例如500℃或更低,例如約200℃至約400℃。蝕刻期間的腔室壓力可保持在約80Torr至約300Torr,如約100Torr至約200Torr。可在磊晶腔室中施行回蝕製程。已經觀察到,本說明書所述的製程條件可以最小化磊晶層刻蝕,同時去除介電表面上的所有非晶矽生長。具體而言,向HCl加入GeH4或更高級的鍺烷在500℃或更低的溫度下提供具有所需選擇性的充分蝕刻,這在過去若單獨使用HCl蝕刻來說,一直是具有挑戰性的。
根據磊晶厚度,已經觀察到使用本說明書討論的蝕刻劑可以在低蝕刻溫度下實現30:1或更高(如50:1或甚至80:1)的非晶矽/晶體磊晶層蝕刻選擇性。因此,由於在磊晶沉積之後施行的回蝕製程,所以與半導體表面上的磊晶層相比,結果是介電表面上的非晶矽層更薄。
在方塊110,可中斷蝕刻劑(GeH
4)的流動,以及HCl可持續流動以從基板去除GeH
4和其他反應殘留物/副產物。HCl的流動可持續約5秒至約20秒,如約10秒。
在方塊110之後,基板可接著經受下游處理,如熱退火、熱清洗、熱化學氣相沉積、熱氧化或熱氮化,這可在如圖6所示的溫度受控處理腔室中施行。或者,可重複方法100中的一個或更多個步驟,直到已經在基板的目標表面上形成預定厚度(如5至10nm)的Si:P磊晶膜。例如,若基板上的接觸溝槽具有高深寬比(10:1或更高),則可將方塊104、106、108和110重複2至5個循環以將不必要的膜從介電表面最大化蝕刻掉或最大化蝕刻掉靠近底部溝槽的不必要的膜。
應注意到,在本揭示案的實施中所述的概念也適用於形成其他材料的磊晶製程。一些可能的實例可包括未摻雜的矽(SiGe/SiGe:B、Si:CP、純Ge、GeSn、GeP、GeB或GeSnB等),其可用於邏輯和記憶體應用中。在這種情況下,可能的矽前驅物或摻雜劑氣體可與以上所述的那些相同,以及可能的鍺前驅物可包括但不限於GeH
4、Ge
2H
6或鹵化鍺(如GeCl
4、GeHCl
3、Ge
2Cl
6、Ge
3Cl
8)。
圖2是可用於施行方塊102中所見的清洗製程的處理腔室200的截面圖。處理腔室200可對於施行熱或基於電漿的氧化處理和(或)電漿輔助乾式蝕刻製程特別有用。處理腔室200包括腔室主體212、蓋組件214和支撐組件216。蓋組件214設置在腔室主體212的上端,且支撐組件216至少部分地設置在腔室主體212內。真空系統可以用於將氣體從處理腔室200去除。真空系統包括耦接至真空埠221的真空泵218,真空埠221設置在腔室主體212中。處理腔室200亦包括用於控制處理腔室200內的製程之控制器202。
蓋組件214包括至少兩個堆疊元件,該等至少兩個堆疊元件經配置而在其之間形成電漿體積或凹孔。第一電極220垂直設置於第二電極222的上方,以界定其兩者之間的電漿體積。第一電極220連接到電源224(如射頻(RF)電源供應),且第二電極222連接到地或源極返回(source return),而在第一電極220和第二電極222之間形成電容。蓋組件214亦包括一個或更多個氣體入口226,一個或更多個氣體入口226用於將清洗氣體透過阻隔板228和氣體分配板230(如噴頭)提供到基板表面。清洗氣體可以是蝕刻劑或離子化的活性自由基,如離子化的氟、氯或氨,或氧化劑(如臭氧)。
或者,可利用不同的清洗製程來清洗基板表面。例如,可透過氣體分配板230將包含He和NF
3的遠端電漿引入處理腔室200中,同時NH
3可經由設置在腔室主體212一側的個別氣體入口225而直接注入處理腔室200中。
支撐組件216可包括基板支撐件232,以在處理期間將基板210支撐於在其上。基板支撐件232具有平坦的基板支撐表面,以用於支撐其上待處理的基板。基板支撐件232可由軸236耦接至致動器234,軸236延伸穿過在腔室主體212的底部中形成的中心位置的開口。致動器234可藉由波紋管(未示出)彈性密封於腔室主體212,波紋管防止從軸236周圍真空洩漏。致動器234允許基板支撐件232在處理位置與較低的移送位置之間的腔室主體212內垂直移動。移送位置是在腔室主體212的側壁中形成的狹縫閥的開口略微下方。在操作中,基板支撐件232可被升到接近蓋組件214的位置以控制正在處理的基板210之溫度。如此一來,可經由氣體分配板230發射的輻射或來自氣體分配板230的對流來加熱基板210。
偏壓RF電源供應280可透過匹配網路284經由纜線282耦接到基板支撐件232。偏壓RF電源供應280向基板210提供偏壓以將離子化的清洗氣體導向基板210。
圖3是可用於施行方塊102中所見的清洗製程的電漿清洗腔室300的截面圖。處理腔室300具有腔室主體310,腔室主體310包括腔室配接器316、配接器318和蓋件340。腔室配接器316和蓋件340可由鋁、不銹鋼或其他合適的材料製成。蓋件340可拆卸式地耦接至腔室配接器316,以界定其中的處理區域330。
加熱器(或基座)314設置在腔室主體310的處理區域330中。加熱器314透過中心軸耦接至腔室配接器316的底部。加熱器314具有基板支撐表面,基板支撐表面用於在製程(如上面關於方塊104所述的清洗基板表面)期間支撐在基板支撐表面上的基板308。加熱器314可由具有藍寶石接觸件的裸鋁製成。加熱器314經致動而在裝載位置和處理位置之間垂直移動。加熱器314可用於向基板308提供溫度,從而在製程期間加熱或冷卻基板。在一些實施中,當加熱器314下降到裝載位置時,加熱器314可使用環狀基板支撐件(未圖示)來支撐基板308以及將基板308自基板的邊緣升起。在製程期間,加熱器314被升高到處理位置,該處理位置拾取以及支撐基板308,其中基板支撐表面處於處理基板308的所需高度。
在一些實施中,加熱器314可支撐設置在其外周上的可選聚焦環338。聚焦環338在處理期間圍繞(circumscribe)基板308。在一個實例中,聚焦環338由石英製成。
配接器318設置在蓋件340和腔室配接器316之間並在其上支撐氣體分配板326。氣體分配板326可以是石英噴頭。在氣體分配板326和蓋件340之間界定氣室348。氣體分配板326包括複數個孔327,以允許氣體透過在蓋件340中形成的端口342流入氣室348,以讓氣體分佈在處理區域330中設置的整個基板308上。
開口315形成在腔室配接器316的底部並連接到泵317。泵317可用於將腔室主體310內部的壓力控制在約1mTorr至約500Torr之間。例如,泵317可以是將處理腔室310內的壓力維持在約10mTorr至約500mTorr的示例性壓力範圍的低壓泵。泵317亦可以是渦輪泵,其將腔室主體310內的壓力保持在約20Torr至300Torr的示例性壓力範圍。
遠端電漿源350藉由通道360耦接到端口342。通道360界定導管356,在遠端電漿源350中產生的反應性自由基在進入處理區域330之前透過導管356被過濾。 自此處產生的反應性自由基可包括離子、帶電物質和其他反應性物質。在一個實施中,流過導管356的氣體由鄰近通道360設置的一個或更多個磁體產生的磁場來過濾。磁體產生橫跨通道360的磁場,以過濾從遠端電漿源350流出的反應性自由基產生的帶電粒子。
在圖3所示的實施中,第一磁體352和第二磁體354鄰近通道360設置。磁體352、354可經設置而橫跨通道360彼此相對。例如,磁體352、354可黏附或固定在通道360的外周的相對側上。也可設想到,磁體352、354可固定於腔室蓋件340或腔室主體310的其他部件。在通道360內形成的相對的磁體和導管356之間的相對距離影響穿過導管356的磁場強度,及從而影響過濾效率。也可藉由使用不同的磁體來調節磁場,即更換具有不同強度的磁體352、354。通過的帶電粒子被拉到與通道360的內表面370接觸並變成電中性的非離子物質。如此一來,經過濾的電中性自由基被遞送到基板的表面以與其上的氧化物/污染物反應並清洗氧化物/污染物。
在一些實施中,可藉由在處理氣體穿過進入到腔室主體310的流動路徑中提供石英表面而進一步過濾反應性自由基。例如,界定導管356的通道360內表面370可全部或部分地由石英塗層或由石英製成,通道360的內表面370連接遠端電漿源350與腔室主體310。另外,界定氣室348和(或)氣體分配板326的表面也可全部或至少部分地由石英塗層或由石英製造。例如,在圖3的實施中,石英環324可圍繞氣室348的外邊界。另外,石英襯344可設置在界定氣室348的上邊界的蓋件340的底表面上。
通道360的內表面370用作離子過濾器,以藉由提供石英表面來減少自由基的重組,其中含氫自由基可以用氫鍵與石英表面鍵結並吸附到石英表面上。撞擊在內表面370上的含氫自由基將吸收的含氫自由基釋放到激發氣體中,從而再生氫自由基。氫離子沒有由內表面370再生,因此這些離子重組而形成電中性的非離子物質。因此,藉由使活化的清洗氣體穿過石英表面,反應性自由基從激發的清洗氣體被有效地過濾,同時保存住自由基物質。來自重組的活性自由基的帶電粒子被有效地減少。
圖4是可用於施行方塊104中所見的磊晶製程的熱處理腔室400的截面圖。處理腔室400包括腔室主體402、支撐系統404和控制器406。腔室主體402包括上部412和下部414。上部412包括在上圓頂416和基板210之間的腔室主體402內的區域。下部414包括下圓頂430與基板210的底部之間的腔室主體402內的區域。沉積製程通常發生在上部412內的基板210的上表面上。
支撐系統404包括用於執行和監控預定的製程(如在上面方塊104中所討論的在處理腔室400中生長磊晶膜)的部件。控制器406耦接到支撐系統404且適於控制處理腔室400和支撐系統404。控制器406包括中央處理單元(CPU)、記憶體和支援電路。
處理腔室400包括複數個熱源(如燈435),複數個熱源適於向位於處理腔室400內的部件提供熱能。例如,燈435可適於向基板210、基座426和/或預熱環423提供熱能。下圓頂430可由光學透明材料(如石英)形成,以便於熱輻射穿過其中。可以預期,燈435可定位成透過上圓頂416以及下圓頂430來提供熱能。
腔室主體402包括形成在其中的複數個氣室。氣室與一個或更多個氣源476(如載體氣體)以及一個或更多個前驅物源478(如上面在方塊104中討論的沉積氣體和摻雜劑氣體)流體連通。例如,第一氣室420可適於透過其中提供沉積氣體450進入腔室主體402的上部412,而第二氣室421可適於從上部412排出沉積氣體450。以這種方式,沉積氣體450可平行於基板210的上表面流動。
在使用液體前驅物(如四矽烷)的情況下,熱處理腔室400可包括與液體前驅物源482流體連通的液體蒸發器480。液體蒸發器480用於蒸發待輸送至熱處理腔室400的液體前驅物。雖然未圖示,但可以設想,液體前驅物源482可包括例如前驅物液體和溶劑液體的一個或更多個安瓿(ampules)、切斷閥和液體流量計(LFM)。
基板支撐組件432位於腔室主體402的下部414中。所示基板支撐件432在處理位置支撐基板210。基板支撐組件432包括由光學透明材料形成的基座支撐軸427和由基座支撐軸427支撐的基座426。基座支撐軸427的軸460定位在與升舉銷接觸件442耦接的圍板(shroud)431內。基座支撐軸427是可旋轉的,以便於在處理期間旋轉基板210。耦接到基座支撐軸427的致動器429促進基座支撐軸427的旋轉。圍板431一般是固定就位,因此在處理期間沒有旋轉。支撐銷437將基座支撐軸427耦接到基座426。
升舉銷433穿過形成在基座支撐軸427中的開口(未標出)設置。升舉銷433可為垂直地致動且適於接觸基板210的下側以將基板210從處理位置(如圖所示)舉升至基板移除位置。
預熱環423可拆卸式地設置在耦接到腔室主體402的下襯墊440上。預熱環423繞腔室主體402的內部體積設置且當基板210處於處理位置時圍繞基板210。當處理氣體透過鄰近預熱環423的氣室420進入腔室主體402時,預熱環423用於預熱處理氣體。
上圓頂416的中央窗部分415和下圓頂430的底部417可由光學透明材料(如石英)形成。上圓頂416的周邊凸緣419(繞中央窗部分415的圓周接合中央窗部分415)、下圓頂430的周邊凸緣421(繞底部的圓周接合底部)可全部由不透明的石英形成,以保護鄰近周邊凸緣的O形環422免於直接暴露於熱輻射。周邊凸緣419可由光學透明材料(如石英)形成。
圖5是可用於施行方塊102、106、108與110中所見的製程的任一者之ICP電漿腔室500的截面圖。圖5中所示的電漿腔室500包括上部528和下部530。電漿腔室500具有側壁505和蓋組件510。側壁505具有軸向對稱的形狀,如圓柱體。側壁505包括軸對稱的(如圓柱形)介電側窗506和腔室襯墊507(其可由金屬形成)。電漿腔室500內的基板支撐件515包括基座520與支柱525,基座520具有基板支撐表面521,基板支撐表面521面向蓋組件510且用於固持基板210,支柱525支撐基座520。電漿腔室500的處理區域501由蓋組件510、基座520和側壁505所限定。
基座520可包括絕緣的內部電極524。可選地,靜電夾持(ESC)電壓和(或)RF電漿偏壓功率可經由延伸穿過支柱525的纜線532提供給絕緣的內部電極524。纜線532可與RF偏壓電源(如RF阻抗匹配網路和(或)一個RF功率產生器)耦接作為RF偏壓供給到絕緣的內部電極524。
電漿源功率藉由一組線圈天線(包括內線圈天線540、中間線圈天線550與選擇性的外部或側線圈天線560,以上全部彼此相對同心地設置且與側壁505的對稱軸同軸)電感耦接入處理區域501中。蓋組件510包括盤形介電窗512,內線圈天線540和中間線圈天線550穿過盤形介電窗而將RF電漿源功率電感耦接到處理區域501中。盤形介電窗512在其周邊由環形頂部氣體板523支撐。環形頂部氣體板523圍繞開口504。盤形介電窗512與側壁505同軸且具有平行於基板支撐表面521的平面之盤平面。側線圈天線560將RF電漿源功率穿過圓柱形介電側窗506電感耦接到處理區域501中。
氣體注入器514位於盤形介電窗512的中心且被環形氣流板516圍繞。氣流板516可具有複數個氣體輸入端口(未圖示),複數個氣體輸入端口經配置向氣體注入器514提供氣體流動路徑。清洗氣體或蝕刻氣體藉由氣體注入器514被注入處理區域501中。
腔室襯墊507被封閉於下腔室主體570內,下腔室主體570包括圓柱形下腔室主體側壁575和下腔室主體底板580。下腔室主體側壁575和下腔室主體底板580封閉抽氣區域581。真空泵590設置在下腔室主體底板580中的真空泵開口595中,且相對於下腔室主體側壁575的對稱軸置中。圍阻壁596與彈性波紋管597封閉在內部中心空間598中的基板支撐件515,圍阻壁596與基板支撐件515同軸,彈性波紋管597在基座520與圍阻壁597之間延伸。內部中心空間598與真空泵590抽空的體積隔離,該體積包括抽氣區域581和處理區域501。
可從共用RF源或不同RF源(如RF匹配(RF阻抗匹配網路)542和544)供應電力。可採用具有雙輸出的RF阻抗匹配網路,以便用第一RF產生器驅動線圈天線中的兩個線圈天線,而第二RF產生器和第二RF阻抗匹配網路驅動第三線圈天線。在一個實施中,單一RF功率產生器可透過具有三個輸出的RF阻抗匹配網路來驅動所有三個線圈天線。或者,三個RF產生器可分別透過三個個別的RF阻抗匹配網路驅動三個線圈天線。施加到不同線圈天線的RF功率位準可經分別調整以控制電漿離子密度的徑向分佈。雖然所述實施包括三個線圈天線540、550和560,但是其他實施可只包括上述三個線圈天線540、550和560中的一或兩個。
圖6是可用於基板(如矽基板)的溫度受控處理的處理系統600的示意性截面圖。處理系統600包括處理單元624和第一加熱單元608。處理單元624可以是可從美國加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的VANTAGE
®RADOX
TMRTP腔室。處理單元624能夠針對製程提供加熱基板201的受控熱循環,例如熱退火、熱清洗、熱化學氣相沉積、熱氧化或熱氮化。
處理單元624包括封閉處理區域602的腔室636。腔室636可由不銹鋼、鋁或其他適合的材料製成。腔室636亦可包括氣體出口618和與氣體出口618相對的第一氣體入口616。腔室636可包括設置在其中的基板支撐件642,用於在處理區域602中的處理期間支撐基板201。基板支撐件642可包括磁懸浮轉子620以及在處理期間旋轉基板201的石英支撐圓柱622。輻射源646將輻射引導到基板201上,以及可定位於基板201的下方且鄰近輻射可透窗644之下的腔室636的底表面638。在一個實施中,輻射源646可包括複數個加熱元件606。複數個加熱元件606可包括一個或更多個大致徑向的加熱區,其可以經獨立調節以控制整個基板201的溫度。
在一個實施中,加熱元件606可以是複數個鎢鹵素燈,用於向基板201提供定制的紅外加熱構件。輻射源646能夠快速加熱基板201以用於熱處理,例如以約50℃/秒至約280℃/秒的速率。可施行溫度調節以在某些位置改變基板201的溫度,而不影響基板其餘部分的溫度。在另一個實施中,輻射源646可位於腔室636內。
第一加熱單元608可以耦接到第一導管612。第一導管612可耦接至第一氣源628並提供第一氣源628與第一氣體入口616之間的連接。因此,第一加熱單元608可操作地耦接到處理單元624。第一加熱單元608可在第一氣體進入腔室636的處理區域602之前加熱第一氣體到第一溫度。該氣源可提供處理氣體進入處理區域602。在使用H
2O
2進行反應的情況下,第二處理氣體可以是氫氣。在反應涉及N
2O的情況下,第二處理氣體可以是氮氣。第一導管612可由在第一加熱單元608和第一氣體入口616之間延伸的部分614中的絕緣體634絕緣(insulate)。當第一氣體從第一加熱元件608流到處理區域602時,將第一導管612絕緣有利地減少熱損失。在第一氣體進入處理區域602之前加熱第一氣體,藉由降低基板201表面上的溫度梯度來有利地改善均勻性。此外,因為在第一氣體已被加熱之後將第二氣體添加到第一氣體,所以兩個氣體可在處理區域602附近反應。在一個實施中,第一氣體是具有較低熱導率的氣體以及從而控制燃燒反應的氣體。在使用H
2O2進行反應的情況下,第一氣體可以是氧氣。在反應涉及N
2O的情況下,第一處理氣體可以是氧氣。
耦接單元648可將第一導管612的部分614與腔室636耦接。在一個實施中,耦接單元648可以是二氧化矽。儘管基板201的溫度可達到約1000℃,但是腔室636的壁保持接近約30℃以保持腔室636的密封完整性。如此一來,耦接單元648有利地在基板201的處理期間保持腔室636的完整性。
圖7是可以用於完成根據本說明書所述實施的圖1所示流程圖100的處理系統700的示意性頂視圖。處理系統700的一個實例是可從加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的CENTURA
®系統。任何方便類型的移送機器人604設置在處理系統700的移送腔室702中。裝載閘706(具有兩個裝載閘腔室706A、706B)耦接至移送腔室702。複數個處理腔室708、710、712、714和716亦耦接移送腔室702。複數個處理腔室708、710、712、714和716可包括針對圖2至6所述的腔室中的至少一個,如清洗腔室、蝕刻腔室、磊晶腔室或氧化腔室等。
處理腔室708可以是經配置在沉積之前清洗基板的清洗腔室。處理腔室708可以是類似於圖2所示的處理腔室200之電容耦合處理腔室。在一個實施中,處理腔室708是可從加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的SICONI™預清洗腔室。處理腔室708可用於施行如上面在方塊102中所討論的清洗製程。
處理腔室710可以是經配置在沉積之前清洗基板的清洗腔室。例如,處理腔室710可以是使用類似於圖3中所示的電漿清洗腔室300的遠端電漿源的預清洗腔室。在一個實施中,處理腔室710是可從加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的AKTIV預清洗
TM腔室(AKTIV Pre-Clean
TMchamber)。處理腔室710使用電中性自由基(如氫自由基)以與基板上的氧化物和/或污染物反應並清洗掉基板上的氧化物和/或污染物,如以上方塊102和/或方塊108所討論的。
處理腔室712可以是經配置以將材料沉積於基板上的熱處理腔室。例如,處理腔室712可以是類似於圖4中所示的處理腔室400的材料沉積腔室(如磊晶腔室)。在一個實施中,處理腔室712是可從加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的Centura
®RP磊晶腔室(Centura
®RP EPI chamber)。處理腔室712可用於施行如上面在方塊104中所討論的磊晶生長製程和如上面在方塊106中所討論的淨化製程。
處理腔室714可以是經配置把材料自基板蝕刻掉的蝕刻腔室。例如,處理腔室714可以是類似於圖5中所示的電漿腔室500的電漿腔室(如ICP電漿腔室)。在一個實施中,處理腔室714是可從加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的Centura
®Advantedge
TMMesa
TM蝕刻腔室(Centura
®Advantedge
TMMesa
TMEtch chamber)。處理腔室714可用於施行如上面在方塊108中所討論的與蝕刻有關的製程。
處理腔室716可以是經配置提供加熱基板的受控熱循環的熱處理腔室。處理腔室716可以是類似於圖6所示的處理腔室600之熱處理腔室。在一個實施中,處理腔室716是可從加州聖克拉拉的應用材料公司取得的VANTAGE
®RADOX
TMRTP腔室。處理腔室716可用於在沉積之後施行下游處理,如上面在方塊110中所討論的熱退火、熱清洗、熱化學氣相沉積、熱氧化或熱氮化。
在處理期間,待處理的基板可到達在艙(pod,未圖示)中的處理系統700。基板藉由工廠介面機器人(未圖式)而從艙移送到真空兼容裝載閘腔室706A、706B。基板接著被移送腔室702(通常保持在真空狀態)中的移送機器人704搬運。移送機器人704接著將基板裝載到處理腔室708或處理腔室710中,以用於如在方塊102中所述之清洗基板。一旦完成清洗之後,移送機器人704接著從處理腔室708或710拾取基板,並將基板裝載到處理腔室712中,以用於基板上材料的磊晶生長和腔室淨化,如方塊104和106中所述。移送機器人704接著從處理腔室712拾取基板,並將基板裝載到處理腔室714中,以用於將材料自基板蝕刻,如方塊108中所述。重複此順序直至達到預定厚度的磊晶膜。然後,移送機器人704從處理腔室714中拾取基板,並將其裝載到處理腔室716中以用於任何下游處理,如上面在方塊110中所討論的熱退火、熱清洗、熱化學氣相沉積、熱氧化或熱氮化。因為所有的操作(方塊102、104、106、108和110)是在相同的處理系統中施行,所以當基板被移送到各式處理腔室時,基板沒有暴露於大氣(即沒有破壞真空),如此降低了污染的機會並提高所沉積的磊晶膜的品質。
移送腔室702可在處理期間保持在真空下和(或)在低於大氣壓的壓力下。移送腔室702的真空程度可經調整以匹配相應的處理腔室的真空程度。例如,當基板從移送腔室702移送到處理腔室(或反之亦然)時,移送腔室702和處理腔室可維持在相同的真空程度。然後,當基板從移送腔室移送到裝載閘腔室或批量裝載閘腔室(或反之亦然)時,移送腔室的真空程度可匹配裝載閘腔室706A、708的真空程度,即便裝載閘腔室與處理腔室的真空程度可能不同。
總而言之,本揭示案的好處是提供一種用於在磊晶沉積和循環的沉積-蝕刻製程之前預清洗含矽基板的整合系統和方法,包括使用乙矽烷或四矽烷(或更高級矽烷)的磊晶沉積步驟以及使用GeH
4與HCl的回蝕步驟,其使得改善元件品質與磊晶製程的蝕刻選擇性(至少50:1)。使用GeH
4與HCl的回蝕步驟允許在降低的蝕刻溫度(低於500℃)下有效地從介電表面去除可能的矽核並且形成具有低得多的活性摻雜劑損失的矽磊晶膜。利用本發明的沉積-蝕刻製程,可以在不犧牲產量的情況下達到具有每立方公分5.77x10
20原子的磷濃度或更高濃度(如每立方公分9.49x10
20原子)的含磷矽層。高磷濃度引起沉積的磊晶膜內的應力,由此增加拉伸應變,使得增加載子移動率並改善元件效能。另外,叢集處理腔室透過真空移送減少暴露於大氣且相應地減少暴露於氧污染物。叢集原生氧化物移除腔室以及矽蝕刻和磊晶沉積也使得氧污染物減少。因此,整合系統有利地提供了改良的半導體元件。
儘管前面所述係針對本揭示案的實施,但在不背離本揭示案的基本範圍下,可設計本揭示案的其他與進一步的實施。
100:方法
102:方塊
104:方塊
106:方塊
108:方塊
110:方塊
200:處理腔室
201:基板
202:控制器
210:基板
212:腔室主體
214:蓋組件
216:支撐組件
218:真空泵
220:第一電極
221:真空埠
222:第二電極
224:電源
225:氣體入口
226:氣體入口
228:阻隔板
230:氣體分配板
232:基板支撐件
234:致動器
236:軸
280:偏壓RF電源供應
282:纜線
300:處理腔室
308:基板
310:腔室主體
314:加熱器
315:開口
316:腔室配接器
317:泵
318:配接器
324:石英環
326:氣體分配板
327:孔
330:處理區域
338:聚焦環
340:腔室蓋件
342:端口
344:石英襯
348:氣室
350:遠端電漿源
352:磁體
354:磁體
356:導管
360:通道
370:內表面
400:處理腔室
402:腔室主體
404:支撐系統
406:控制器
412:上部
414:下部
415:中央窗部分
416:上圓頂
417:底部
419:周邊凸緣
420:氣室
421:周邊凸緣
422:O形環
423:預熱環
426:基座
427:基座支撐軸
429:致動器
430:下圓頂
431:圍板
432:基板支撐組件
433:升舉銷
435:燈
437:支撐銷
440:下襯墊
442:升舉銷接觸件
450:沉積氣體
460:軸
476:氣源
478:前驅物源
480:液體蒸發器
482:液體前驅物源
500:電漿腔室
501:處理區域
504:開口
505:側壁
506:介電側窗
507:腔室襯墊
510:蓋組件
512:盤形介電窗
514:氣體注入器
515:基板支撐件
516:氣流板
520:基座
521:基板支撐表面
523:環形頂部氣體板
524:絕緣的內部電極
525:支柱
528:上部
530:下部
532:纜線
540:線圈天線
550:線圈天線
560:線圈天線
570:下腔室主體
575:下腔室主體側壁
580:下腔室主體底板
581:抽氣區域
590:真空泵
595:真空泵開口
596:圍阻壁
597:彈性波紋管
598:內部中心空間
600:處理系統
602:處理區域
606:加熱元件
608:第一加熱單元
612:第一導管
614:部分
616:第一氣體入口
618:氣體出口
620:磁懸浮轉子
622:石英支撐圓柱
624:處理單元
628:第一氣源
634:絕緣體
636:腔室
638:底表面
642:基板支撐件
644:輻射可透窗
646:輻射源
648:耦接單元
700:處理系統
702:腔室
704:機器人
706A、706B:裝載閘腔室
706:裝載閘
708:處理腔室
710:處理腔室
712:處理腔室
714:處理腔室
716:處理腔室
本揭示案之實施已簡要概述於前,並在以下有更詳盡之討論,可以藉由參考所附圖式中繪示之本揭示案的示例性實施以作瞭解。然而,值得注意的是,所附圖式只繪示了本揭示案的典型實施,而由於本揭示案可允許其他等效之實施例,因此所附圖式並不會視為其範圍之限制。
圖1是圖示根據本揭示案的一個實施的形成磊晶層的方法的流程圖。
圖2是可用於施行圖1中所見的清洗製程的處理腔室的截面圖。
圖3是可用於施行圖1中所見的清洗製程的電漿清洗腔室的截面圖。
圖4是可用於施行圖1中所見的磊晶製程的熱處理腔室的截面圖。
圖5是可用於施行圖1中所見的蝕刻製程的ICP電漿腔室的截面圖。
圖6是可用於基板的溫度控制處理的處理系統的示意性截面圖。
圖7是可以用於完成圖1流程圖的處理系統的示意性頂視圖。
為便於理解,在可能的情況下,使用相同的數字編號代表圖示中相同的元件。為求清楚,圖式未依比例繪示且可能被簡化。可以預期的是一個實施的元件與特徵可有利地用於其他實施中而無需贅述。
國內寄存資訊 (請依寄存機構、日期、號碼順序註記)
無
國外寄存資訊 (請依寄存國家、機構、日期、號碼順序註記)
無
100:方法
102:方塊
104:方塊
106:方塊
108:方塊
110:方塊
Claims (22)
- 一種形成磊晶層之方法,包括: 於一清洗製程期間,在一處理系統內從一基板的一表面去除氧化物;隨後 於一磊晶製程期間,使包含一矽源的一處理試劑流入該處理系統,並將該基板暴露於該處理試劑; 停止使該處理試劑流入該處理系統;隨後 使一淨化氣體流入該處理系統,並將殘餘物從該處理系統泵排出; 停止使該淨化氣體流入;隨後 使一蝕刻氣體流入該處理系統,並將該基板暴露於該蝕刻氣體,其中該蝕刻氣體包含氯化氫、以及選自含鍺化合物、含氯化合物、或其混合物之至少一種化合物; 停止使該至少一種化合物流入,同時繼續使氯化氫流入,並將該基板暴露於氯化氫;以及 停止使氯化氫流入。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該矽源包括乙矽烷、三矽烷、四矽烷、五矽烷、或六矽烷。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該清洗製程包括濺射蝕刻製程、基於電漿的氧化物蝕刻製程、濕式蝕刻製程、烘烤製程、或其組合。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該清洗製程包括基於電漿的氧化物蝕刻製程,其進一步包括同時將該基板暴露於由電感耦合電漿製程、電容耦合電漿製程、或遠端電漿輔助乾式蝕刻製程所形成之NF 3及NH 3電漿副產物。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該清洗製程包括於存在有氫氣的情況下加熱該基板。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該清洗製程進一步包括在去除氧化物之後,於該基板的該表面上形成矽-氫鍵結。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該清洗製程係於一預清洗腔室中進行,該預清洗腔室包括一電容耦合電漿源、以及耦接到一偏壓RF電源的一基板支撐件,且其中該電容耦合電漿源係耦接到He及NF 3源。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該清洗製程包括將該基板的該表面上的氧化物暴露於HF清洗,以在單晶矽表面上產生–H終端,並在介電氧化物表面上產生–OH終端。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該淨化氣體包含氫氣或氬氣。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該蝕刻氣體包含含鍺化合物,且其中該含鍺化合物包含:氫化鍺、二甲鍺烷、三鍺烷、四氯化鍺、二氯鍺烷、三氯鍺烷、六氯二鍺烷、或其任何組合。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該蝕刻氣體包含含氯化合物,且其中該含氯化合物包含:氯、三氯化硼、三氯化磷、或其任何組合。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該蝕刻氣體包含氯化氫、氫化鍺、及三氯化磷。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該蝕刻氣體進一步包含一載體氣體,該載體氣體包括氫氣、氮氣、氬氣、氦氣、及其任何組合。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該蝕刻氣體從該基板上的介電表面選擇性地去除一非晶矽。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該基板的該表面包含具有10:1或更高之深寬比的接觸溝槽。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中該磊晶製程係於一磊晶腔室中進行,該磊晶腔室係耦接到該處理系統,且該磊晶腔室包括一液體前驅物蒸發器,該液體前驅物蒸發器係與一液體前驅物源流體連通。
- 一種形成磊晶層之方法,包括: 於一清洗製程期間,在一處理系統內從一基板的一表面去除氧化物;隨後 進行一製程循環,該製程循環包括: 在一磊晶製程期間,使包含一矽源的一處理試劑流入該處理系統,並將該基板暴露於該處理試劑; 停止使該處理試劑流入該處理系統;隨後 使一淨化氣體流入該處理系統,並將殘餘物從該處理系統泵排出; 停止使該淨化氣體流入;隨後 使一蝕刻氣體流入該處理系統,並將該基板暴露於該蝕刻氣體,其中該蝕刻氣體包含氯化氫、以及選自含鍺化合物、含氯化合物、或其混合物之至少一種化合物; 停止使該至少一種化合物流入,同時繼續使氯化氫流入,並將該基板暴露於氯化氫;以及 停止使氯化氫流入;以及 重複該製程循環。
- 如請求項17所述之方法,其中該矽源包括乙矽烷、三矽烷、四矽烷、五矽烷、或六矽烷。
- 如請求項17所述之方法,其中該製程循環係重複2至5個循環。
- 如請求項19所述之方法,其中該基板的該表面包含具有10:1或更高之深寬比的接觸溝槽。
- 如請求項17所述之方法,其中該清洗製程包括基於電漿的氧化物蝕刻製程,其進一步包括同時將該基板暴露於由電感耦合電漿製程、電容耦合電漿製程、或遠端電漿輔助乾式蝕刻製程所形成之NF 3及NH 3電漿副產物。
- 一種形成磊晶層之方法,包括: 於一清洗製程期間,在一處理系統內從一基板的一表面去除氧化物,其中該基板的該表面包含具有10:1或更高之深寬比的接觸溝槽,且其中該清洗製程包括基於電漿的氧化物蝕刻製程,其進一步包括同時將該基板暴露於由電感耦合電漿製程、電容耦合電漿製程、或遠端電漿輔助乾式蝕刻製程所形成之NF 3及NH 3電漿副產物;隨後 於一磊晶製程期間,使包含乙矽烷或四矽烷的一處理試劑流入該處理系統,並將該基板暴露於該處理試劑; 停止使該處理試劑流入該處理系統;隨後 使一淨化氣體流入該處理系統,並將殘餘物從該處理系統泵排出; 停止使該淨化氣體流入;隨後 使一蝕刻氣體流入該處理系統,並將該基板暴露於該蝕刻氣體,其中該蝕刻氣體包含氯化氫、以及選自含鍺化合物、含氯化合物、或其混合物之至少一種化合物; 停止使該至少一種化合物流入,同時繼續使氯化氫流入,並將該基板暴露於氯化氫; 停止使氯化氫流入;以及隨後 在該處理系統內,將該基板暴露於一熱退火製程。
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