TW202137483A - 用於發光及偵測之具有平面外配置之光學裝置 - Google Patents
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- TW202137483A TW202137483A TW109143588A TW109143588A TW202137483A TW 202137483 A TW202137483 A TW 202137483A TW 109143588 A TW109143588 A TW 109143588A TW 109143588 A TW109143588 A TW 109143588A TW 202137483 A TW202137483 A TW 202137483A
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- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供一種固態裝置及其使用及形成。該裝置包括:發光器,其以光束傳播方向發射光且包括發射器磊晶層堆疊;光路由媒體,其與該發光器光學通信;及光偵測器,其與該光路由媒體光學通信,其偵測由該發光器所發射之光且包括偵測器磊晶堆疊。該發光器及偵測器單片地形成於半導體基板上。該發射器及偵測器磊晶層堆疊包括不同複數個層之單一磊晶層堆疊。該光束傳播方向係在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內且該光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外之光,或在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外且該光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內之光。
Description
本發明之實施例通常係關於固態類光學裝置,且尤其係關於具有單片互補發光器及用於發光/偵測之平面外配置中之偵測器,具有在該同一基板上形成有發光器之至少一個偵測器之固態光學裝置。
當互補發光器及偵測器由III-V半導體材料製成,且與該發光器及偵測器光學通信之光路由媒體由第IV族材料製成且充當光子積體電路時本發明之實施例特別適用。III-V裝置及第IV族光子積體電路之此類混合組合允許實現可用於許多應用(諸如生物感測(葡糖、乳酸鹽、醇等)、光達應用、氣體感測等)之超緊密積體光學裝置。
可用於非侵入性量測血代謝物(諸如葡糖、乳酸鹽、醇、尿素等)之緊密混合光學感測器具有巨大消費者應用之潛力,此係由於此類積體感測器具有極其小覆蓋區且與用於穿戴之電子及其他智慧裝置相容。參見
例如以全文引用之方式併入本文中之Vizbaras等人之WO2019/149815,及Vizbaras等人之WO2018/215388 (亦USSN 16/609 355)。足夠低之貨物成本(COGS)有助於進入消耗者市場。
舉例而言,感測器可包括混合整合於IV群光子積體電路中以形成該感測器之複數個III-V發光器及偵測器。整就時間及金錢兩者而言合為昂貴步驟,此係由於難以避免每一組件之串列逐個整合。此外,此類III-V裝置通常由不同磊晶層堆疊製成;因此,其亦分別地實現。
本發明之實施例使得需要整合以形成感測器之離散組件之數目顯著減少,從而節省製造時間及成本。舉例而言,習知的感測器可包括四個發光器(增益晶片)、四個控制偵測器,及一個信號偵測器,亦即需要在串列製造製程中逐個整合之九個離散III-V組件。此外,其各別磊晶層堆疊通常在單獨運行中生長。該本發明之實施例,然而,在所有四個控制偵測器在單一步驟中混合整合之情況下,可包括實現與所有四個控制偵測器相同之該基板上之光源中之一者。從而用於單一感測器之磊晶成長步驟之數目減少了20%且需要整合之組件之數目減少了45.5% (自九個減至五個),因此允許製造成本之顯著減少及整體製造速度之增加。
可用於非侵入性量測血代謝物(諸如葡糖、乳酸鹽、醇、尿素等)緊密混合光學感測器適用於消費者應用,此係由於此類整合感測器具有極其小覆蓋區且與電子相容。
在態樣中,本發明之實施例係關於固態裝置,其包括:半導體基板;固態發光器,其安置於該半導體基板上方,該固態發光器經組態以以光束傳播方向發射光;光路由媒體,其與該固態發光器光學通信;及固態光偵測器,其安置於該半導體基板上方,與該光路由媒體光學通信且經組態以偵測由該固態發光器所發射之光。該固態發光器及固態光偵測器兩者單片地形成於該基板上。該固態發光器包括發射器磊晶層堆疊且該固態光偵測器包括偵測器磊晶層堆疊。該發射器磊晶層堆疊及該偵測器磊晶層堆疊中之每一者包括安置於該半導體基板上方之不同複數個磊晶層之單一磊晶層堆疊。該光束傳播方向係(a)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外之光,或(b)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內之光。
該偵測器磊晶堆疊之最頂部磊晶層可比該發射器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部磊晶層更接近於該半導體基板安置。該發射器磊晶層堆疊之該複數個磊晶層可包括該單一磊晶層堆疊之每一層之第一部分,且該偵測器磊晶堆疊之該複數個磊晶層可主要由該單一磊晶層堆疊之最底部子集之每一層之第二部分組成。
該發射器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部磊晶層可比該偵測器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部磊晶層更接近於該半導體基板安置。該偵測器磊晶層堆疊之該複數個磊晶層可包括該單一磊晶層堆疊之每一層之第一部分,且該發射器磊晶層堆疊之該複數個磊晶層可主要由該單一磊晶層堆疊之最底部子集之每一層之第二部分組成。
該半導體基板、該固態發光器及該固態光偵測器可各自包括III-V半導體材料,該III-V半導體材料可包括Al、Ga、In、As、Sb、P、N、Bi及/或其合金組合。該III-V半導體材料可包括至少一種用於導電性之摻雜劑。
該單一磊晶層堆疊可包括厚度匹配層。該厚度匹配層堆疊可安置於該發射器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部層或該偵測器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部層上方。
該偵測器磊晶層堆疊可包括:
(i)第一接觸層,其安置於該半導體基板上方且包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之有意高度摻雜III-V半導體層;
(ii)III-V未經摻雜障壁層,其安置於該第一接觸層上方且經組態以阻擋與該等摻雜劑相同類型之多數載子之流動且允許與該等多數載子相反類型之少數載子之流動;
(iii)光吸收劑層,其安置於該III-V未經摻雜障壁層上方且包含包括與該第一接觸層之該等摻雜劑相同類型之摻雜劑之輕度摻雜III-V半導體層;及
(iv)第二接觸層,其安置於該光吸收劑層上方且包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之第二高度摻雜III-V半導體層。
該第一及第二接觸層可包括相同類型之摻雜劑及/或不同類型之摻雜劑。
該偵測器磊晶層堆疊可包括:
(i)第一接觸層,其包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之有意高度摻雜III-V半導體層;
(ii)光吸收劑層,其包含未經摻雜III-V半導體層;及
(iii)第二接觸層,其包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之第二高度摻雜III-V半導體層。
該第一及第二接觸層包括不同類型之摻雜劑。
該發射器磊晶層堆疊可包括主動區,該主動區包括III-V半導體層堆疊,該III-V半導體層堆疊包括安置於不同組成之兩個III-V半導體合金層之間的III-V半導體合金層,其中該主動區經組態以由再組合或鬆弛中之至少一者產生光。
該半導體基板可為有意未經摻雜、半絕緣及/或導電且摻雜有p或n型雜質之III-V半導體基板。該單一磊晶層堆疊可包括III-V半導體漸變層,該III-V半導體漸變層包括組成漸變及/或摻雜劑濃度漸變。
該III-V半導體漸變層可將光滑傳導及價帶過渡提供至鄰近層。
該光路由媒體可為固態;其可包括至少一種第IV族元素。
在另一態樣中,本發明之實施例係關於一種用於偵測固態裝置中之光之方法。該方法包括由固態發光器發射光束;及經由光路由媒體將該光傳播至固態光偵測器。該固態發光器及固態光偵測器兩者單片地形成於基板上。該固態發光器包括發射器磊晶層堆疊且該固態光偵測器包括偵測器磊晶層堆疊。該發射器磊晶層堆疊及該偵測器磊晶層堆疊中之每一者包括安置於該半導體基板上方之不同複數個磊晶層之單一磊晶層堆疊。該光束傳播方向係(a)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外之光,或(b)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內之光。
在再一態樣中,本發明之實施例係關於一種形成固態裝置之方法。該方法包括在半導體基板上方形成單一磊晶層堆疊;自該單一磊晶層堆疊在該半導體基板上單片地形成固態發光器及固態光偵測器,該固態發光器包括發射器磊晶層堆疊且該固態光偵測器包括偵測器磊晶層堆疊,其中該發射器磊晶層堆疊及該偵測器磊晶層堆疊中之每一者包括不同複數個磊晶層之該單一磊晶層堆疊。形成與該固態發光器及固態光偵測器光學通信之光路由媒體。該固態發光器經組態以以光束傳播方向發射光。該固態光偵測器經組態以偵測由該固態發光器所發射之光。該光束傳播方向係(a)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外之光,或(b)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內之光。
相關申請案之交叉引用
本申請案主張2019年12月12日申請的名為「Optical Device Having an Out-of-Plane Arrangement for Light Emission and Detection」第62/947,110號美國臨時專利申請案,其全部內容以引用之方式併入本文中。
許多不同應用可得益於非侵入、非破壞性及極靈敏之超緊密光類感測器。參見
Werle等人之「Near- and mid-infrared laser-optical sensors for gas analysis」,工程中之光學器件及雷射17 (Optics and Lasers in Engineering 17) (2002)101-114,以全文引用的方式併入本文中。此類應用包括經由皮膚之非侵入感測、氣體感測、隔離(stand-off)偵測等。參見
例如WO 2019/149815。尤其需要半導體技術可相容之裝置,因其可製成極緊密且為大眾市場可調式的。在此類情況下,互補發光器及偵測器層堆疊可使用熟知技術磊晶生長,該技術為諸如III-V半導體材料(包括諸如Al、Ga、In之第III族化學元素,第V族元素As、Sb、Bi、P、N及/或其合金組合)之分子束磊晶法(MBE)或金屬有機氣相磊晶(MOVPE)。諸如基於第IV族電路之積體光子電路可用作超緊密光路由媒體。參見
Vizbaras等人WO 2018/215388。
本發明之實施例包括具有用於發光及偵測之平面外配置之單片互補發光及偵測裝置,其在該同一基板上實現且經由光路由媒體光學通信(圖1及2)。該發光裝置及光偵測裝置可以磊晶生長層堆疊形式由III-V半導體材料製成,每一層堆疊包括在該同一III-V半導體基板上生長之不同複數個層之單層堆疊。該堆疊在該基板上生長之該序列可變化且取決於該最終應用(圖3及4)。光自該發射器層堆疊發射且在平面外配置中之該偵測器層堆疊中偵測。該磊晶層堆疊可藉由熟習III-V半導體裝置之技術者熟知的標準現有半導體裝置製造技術生長。該精確層堆疊、裝置類型、幾何形狀及功能元件取決於所要應用及效能相關變量;不論應用為何,本發明之實施例使得自發光器發光及藉由偵測器媒體偵測光能夠在平面外配置中發生。
參考圖1,半導體基板101可為III-V晶圓例如GaAs晶圓。該發光媒體可為形成於該基板101上方之邊緣發射發光器102 (增益晶片、發光二極體、雷射二極體等)。該發射器102可具有其中形成其之該發射器磊晶層堆疊平面內之發光方向輪廓。偵測器104可由包括不同於該發射器層堆疊之層的複數個層之偵測器磊晶層堆疊形成。該偵測器及發射器磊晶層堆疊如下文所論述各自自在該半導體基板上生長之單一磊晶層堆疊形成。製造該偵測器層堆疊以收集相對於該磊晶層平面及發光器發射方向之平面外的光。光路由媒體103實現該發射器102與該偵測器104之間的光通信。光路由媒體103可為允許該光之至少部分自該發射器到達該偵測器之任何媒體,例如亦形成於該半導體基板101上之積體光子電路。
參考圖2,在一些實施例中,該發光器202豎直地發射(例如豎直共振腔面射型雷射(VCSEL)、發光二極體等)。因此,該發光方向垂直於其中形成該發射器之該發射器磊晶層。製造該偵測器204磊晶層堆疊使得在平面內收集光。光路由媒體203實現該發射器202與該偵測器204之間的光通信。因此,光路由媒體203允許該光之至少部分自發射器到達該偵測器。定義該發射器及偵測器兩者之該層堆疊各自由在該同一基板201上生長之單一磊晶層之不同部分形成。
參考圖3,單一磊晶層堆疊300可以單一磊晶生長步驟生長以形成該發光器及偵測器層堆疊301、302兩者之該層。在所說明之實施例中,該增益層堆疊之該有效層安置於該偵測器層堆疊之之層上方,且以一個在另一之上的該相同磊晶生長步驟生長。在所說明之實施例中,該偵測器層堆疊302之該有效層首先生長於基板303上,接著充當發光器之該發光器層堆疊301之該有效層。在由該所說明層結構形成之已完成固態裝置中,該偵測器僅包括該偵測器層堆疊之該層。該發光器將包括安置於對應於該偵測器層堆疊之層之該單一磊晶層堆疊之層上方之該發射極層堆疊。包括該發射器層堆疊之該有效層抑或該偵測器層堆疊首先生長之該精確序列取決於該裝置及最終系統設計之最終用途。
可定製磊晶層結構以製造具有所要幾何形狀以便於與光路由媒體要求整合之裝置。舉例而言,光路由媒體可使用絕緣體上半導體(SOI)平台(例如內埋氧化物技術)實現。因此,該功能路由區塊(諸如光點大小轉換器、干涉計、篩選、分光器、鏡面、環等)通常在自該表面之某一深度(例如幾微米)下製成。此等功能區塊可需要具有額外厚度匹配層(圖4中之403)之互補發光器偵測器對以使得有效光能夠耦合至該路由媒體中。此厚度匹配層可形成於該同一基板401上之該相同磊晶生長運行中,亦即在該單一磊晶層堆疊之該形成期間,在該偵測器402與發光器層堆疊404之間。
在實施例中,邊緣發射裝置可單片地與豎直地偵測偵測器配對。參考圖5a,該偵測器功能層可如以下。單一磊晶層堆疊形成於III-V半導體基板上。該單一磊晶層堆疊之底部部分包括該偵測器磊晶層堆疊。晶格匹配(或擬態地變形)接觸層501安置於該基板上方(未展示)。
漸變層502安置於該接觸層501上方。該漸變層為組成及/或電學漸變。組成漸變包括變化層成分之比率。舉例來說,在包括Al0.1
Ga0.9
As0.05
Sb0.95
之III-V層中,該Al之重量%可在整個層中增加至Al0.5
Ga0.5
As0.05
Sb0.95
。電學漸變包括該電學有效雜質濃度輪廓之合併以為載子傳送提供平滑過渡且減小異質界面處之帶尖峰。
厚塊狀層安置於該漸變層502上方。該塊狀層功能上充當光吸收劑503。
第二漸變層504安置於該光吸收劑層503上方。該第二漸變層504組成及/或電學漸變至該下一更高帶隙層。安置於該第二漸變層504上方之該更高帶隙層充當功能障壁層505,從而阻擋多數載子傳送至該上覆接觸點。
第三漸變層506 (電學及/或組成漸變)可在該障壁層505上方生長。
有意摻雜接觸層507安置於該第三漸變層506上方。
此等層中之每一者可藉由磊晶層生長形成,例如在裝配有所需源材料的分子束磊晶法反應器(例如Veeco Gen 200 Edge)中,以形成所需合金。
相對於圖5所描述之該實施例中之所有該摻雜層具有該相同類型之導電且因此,該所說明偵測器層結構可充當可能單極障壁偵測器異質結構。
偵測器異質結構之另一實施例為雙極PIN偵測器。參考圖5b,功能PIN偵測器層之實例如以下:在n摻雜III-V半導體基板1301上安置晶格匹配、高度n摻雜緩衝區1302及接觸層1303,接著自接觸層組成漸變至名義上未經摻雜(本質)吸收劑層1305之n摻雜漸變層1304。此依次接著p摻雜接觸層1306。
此等層中之每一者可藉由磊晶層生長形成,例如在裝配有所需源材料的分子束磊晶法反應器(例如Veeco Gen 200 Edge)中,以形成所需合金。
該發射器異質結構可實現在該偵測器之頂部的正上方,亦即該發射器之該等功能層可安置於該偵測器之該等功能層上方。發射器層堆疊與其功能層之一個實例描繪於圖6中。該功能發射器層包括接觸層601,例如背接觸層,該背接觸層在一些實施例中可與該偵測器堆疊中之該有意摻雜接觸層507,或在接觸層507之頂部上具有不同組成/摻雜/厚度之層相同。
漸變層602安置於該發射器背接觸層上方。該漸變層602組成漸變至安置於其上方之充當包覆層之更高帶隙外部波導層603。
漸變層604安置於該外部波導層603上方。該漸變層604組成及電學漸變至功能上充當該光模約束層之波導層605。
該內部波導層605接著主動區層堆疊606。在雙極裝置中,該主動區層堆疊606可包括N+1個量子井之集(其中N為非負整數),其嵌入於不同材料層之間,該等材料層對電洞及電子兩者提供載子約束(在I型帶對準之情況下空間重疊且在II型帶對準之情況下空間分離)。在帶間量子級聯主動區之情況下,該主動區中亦可存在具有III型帶對準之獨立階段。
在一些實施例中,該發光器可為具有包括複數個薄交替層之該主動區層堆疊606之單極裝置(諸如量子級聯雷射),從而形成發生電子傳送及輻射轉移之次頻帶間帶。
該主動區隨後可接著約束該主動區層堆疊606中之該光模之波導層607。
該波導層607可接著漸變層608。該漸變層608組成及/或電學漸變至該下一、更高帶隙、亦充當光學包覆層之外部波導層609。
漸變層610安置於該外部波導層609上方.該漸變層610組成及/或電學漸變至該下一層,亦即接觸層611。
在一些實施例中,在接觸層601與有意摻雜接觸層507之間,如圖4中所描繪,視需要可插入厚度匹配層403。當例如發射器/偵測器由III-V半導體層形成時,可使用厚度匹配層且在第IV族積體電路中該結構之高度需要匹配光波導結構。
參考圖7及8,在一些實施例中,本文所描述之異質結構可在晶格失配基板上生長,且額外緩衝區702/漸變層802可包括於基板701、801與偵測器堆疊703或發射器堆疊803之間,以減小晶體差排之形成及此類差排之該所得消極影響。
上述製造複雜異質結構之一種方法描繪於圖9中。在此,藉由標準半導體製造技術,將該異質結構構造成該凹形波導邊緣發光發光器,在此特定情況下,彎曲波導增益晶片(例如Vizbaras等人之「High power continuous-wave GaSb-based superluminescent diodes as gain chips for widely tunable laser spectroscopy in the 1.05至2.45 µm wavelength range」Applied Physics Letters
107, 011103 (2015),以全文引用之方式併入本文中)及光偵測器之集合(參見圖9及10及隨附描述)。如可清晰地參見於圖9及10中,在非並行平面配置中發生發光及偵測。
參考圖9,適合於製作互補發光器及偵測器,根據本發明之實施例且可用於諸如描述於例如WO2019/149815及WO2018/215388中之經皮乳酸鹽感測之感測應用的異質結構可包括以下以該所指示次序之層結構。指示例示性摻雜組合物,及厚度值。基於本發明,合適的層結構之許多變化為可能的,且對熟習此項技術者顯而易見。
基板901:作為基板,可使用高度n摻雜(5x1017
cm-3
摻雜有Te作為雜質原子) GaSb基板。通常,若則此必要的必要的,則高度Te摻雜GaSb基板提供較低缺陷密度且為電接觸之良好選擇。Te為該Sb類材料系統中之典型n型摻雜劑材料。
接觸層902:高度n摻雜Te摻雜(3x1018
cm-3
) 200 nm厚GaSb接觸層。在此,200 nm為典型接觸層厚度,該厚度足以跨越該所需接觸面積提供該必要的電流散佈。若該接觸層902亦必須充當緩衝層,則接著減小基板缺陷對該裝置之光學品質之該影響,該厚度可需要提高2000 nm或甚至更多。
漸變層903:根據摻雜及組合物充當自GaSb至該吸收劑層904之轉移之400 nm厚Ga0.80
In0.20
As0.175
Sb0.825
一步漸變層,其中接觸層902與吸收劑904之間的中間物摻雜濃度使得能夠更光滑傳導及價帶過渡至吸收劑層904。N型摻雜可為3x1017
cm-3
。
吸收劑層904: 2600 nm厚Ga0.80
In0.20
As0.175
Sb0.825
吸收劑層,經設計以光吸收在波長範圍2.0至2.5 µm中為最有效之方式。該吸收劑可為極輕度n摻雜有Te (3x1015
cm-3
),以自中間間隙位置朝向該傳導帶移位該費米能級(Fermi level)且減小中間間隙缺陷相關附加再組合影響(Shockley-Read-Hall再組合)。選擇該吸收劑之該厚度使得所有效吸收要波長之光且轉換成光電流。
電學漸變層905:電學漸變層905包括Alx
Ga1-x
Asy
Sb1-y
,其中x在0.05至0.25範圍內變化且表示合金中Al與Ga比率,且y在0.01至0.02範圍內變化且表示該四元合金中As與Sb比率。根據Al組成該電學漸變層905自5%至25%漸變,因此同時藉由改變As-Sb比率將晶格匹配保持至該GaSb基板。該漸變層之總厚度為50 nm。
藉由自GaSb及AlAs0.08
Sb0.92
(晶格匹配組合物)之短時段超晶格形成數位合金來達成該組合漸變之一種方法,其中例如該所形成數位合金中之Al濃度可自該超晶格層之該厚度比率計算𝑥 (𝐴l
)=。因此,若該短時段超晶格時段為2 nm,則5% Al組成由該超晶格中之0.1厚AlAs0.08
Sb0.92
層表示,其中GaSb層為1.9 nm厚。若該短時段超晶格時段為2 nm,則若必要該整體組成漸變層905可包括25個漸變步驟。該電學漸變層亦輕度摻雜有Te,名義上5x1015
cm-3
。
障壁層906:該電學漸變層905接著充當多數載子之障壁之Al0.25
Ga0.75
As0.02
Sb0.98
70 nm厚、名義上未經摻雜障壁層906。該障壁層材料之選擇取決於該傳導及價帶偏移。理想地,若該等多數載子為電子,則該傳導帶偏移足夠高以阻擋其流動至該接觸點,然而該價帶偏移較佳地足夠小以允許少數載子(電洞)流動至該接觸點。選擇足夠厚以致使穿隧可忽略的該厚度。
輕度n摻雜漸變層907:50 nm厚、輕度n摻雜漸變層907包括Alx
Ga1-x
Asy
Sb1-y
,其中x在0.05至0.25範圍內變化且表示該合金中之Al與Ga比率,且y在0.01至0.02範圍內變化且表示該四元合金中之As與Sb比率。在此,Al組成自0.25至0.05漸變且改變As以保持與該GaSb基板的晶格匹配。
蝕刻終止層908:在接觸窗開口之該裝置製造步驟期間充當選擇性蝕刻終止層之20 nm厚、輕度Te摻雜(5x1015
cm-3
)20 nm厚GaSb層908。選擇足以允許可控制濕式蝕刻製程之該厚度。通常,20至50 nm的厚度為足夠的,主要取決於實施該蝕刻製程之操作人員之技能。
光偵測器接觸層909:80 nm厚、重度Te摻雜(1x1018
cm-3
) Ga0.80
In0.20
As0.175
Sb0.825
光偵測器接觸層909。選擇足以允許均一電流在該接觸層內散佈之該接觸層厚度且通常在20至200 nm之間。四元GaInAsSb材料可用於形成較低電阻性n型接觸點。
厚度匹配層910:厚度匹配層910安置於該光偵測器接觸層909上方,以確保對該第IV族光子積體電路之混合整合準確度。該層可為高度Te摻雜(3x1018
cm-3
),且充當用於該發光器之n接觸點。該厚度匹配層910之該厚度取決於該積體電路幾何形狀。舉例而言,為將光有效耦合至矽波導中,必須使該III-V發光器之該光模與該波導耦合器(例如光點大小轉換器)精確匹配,亦即具有次微米精確度。該等波導及其他功能矽區塊之深度取決於所使用之製造平台(諸如矽製造製程)。舉例而言,製造製程可產生距該表面2微米之內埋氧化物深度、220 nm之矽波導厚度及距該表面6.6微米之矽波導深度。該厚度匹配層必須以此方式調整,該方式為該發光器主動區與幾百奈米內之矽波導匹配(有效地必須在自矽積體電路之該表面6.6微米下)。在其他製造設備中,自表面之該厚度及深度可極不同,且因此,該厚度匹配層910因此需要調整。
漸變層911:該厚度匹配層910接著名義上高度n型Te摻雜(3x1018
cm-3
)漸變層,其為60 nm厚且包括四元Alx
Ga1-x
Asy
Sb1-y
合金,其中線性地將Al組成自0.1漸變至0.35。該漸變層以此類方式製成以提供相鄰厚度層910與包覆及波導層912之間的更光滑傳導及價帶過渡。
包覆及波導層912:該n漸變層911接著1500 nm厚Al0.45
Ga0.55
As0.04
Sb0.96
包覆及波導層912,Te摻雜至額定的量3x1017
cm-3
,其充當包覆及波導層。包覆及波導層充當該光模約束至該主動區之該作用,且減小該光模漏泄至以下層912中之可能性。此藉由使該層充分厚來確保。對於2200 nm發射波長,該厚度通常約1500至2200 nm。亦電學摻雜該層以確保低阻值,同時保持由於足夠低摻雜而產生之自由載子損耗為至關重要的。
外部波導層913:700奈米厚Al0.45
Ga0.55
As0.04
Sb0.96
層,名義上Te摻雜至1x1017
cm-3
,充當用於該光模之外部波導層。選擇此層之該厚度,使得該光模之80%至95%透射通過該包覆及波導且外部波導層912、913保持在此等層中。因此,該外部波導層913為較低摻雜以減小該出現之自由載子損耗。
組成漸變層914:輕度Te n摻雜Alx
Ga1-x
Asy
Sb1-y
組成漸變層914具有Al溶離份即線性地自0.4漸變至0.25,其中總厚度為100 nm。該漸變層914經組態以提供鄰近層之間亦即外部波導層913與內部波導層915之間的更光滑傳導及價帶過渡。
內部波導層915:名義上未經摻雜,420厚Al0.25
Ga0.75
As0.02
Sb0.98
內部波導層。層915有意未經摻雜以避免由於自由載子吸收而產生之損耗。對於所要光模及量子井(主動區)空間重疊最佳化該厚度。在此特定實例中該重疊為1.4%。
量子井層916:該內部波導915亦充當該下一,13 nm厚,名義上未經摻雜Ga0.7
In0.3
As0.04
Sb0.96
量子井層916之外部障壁。厚度及精確組合物經選擇以滿足該發射波長要求。
內部障壁層917:20 nm厚Al0.25
Ga0.75
As0.02
Sb0.98
內部障壁層,分開量子井且確保載子定位。選擇障壁厚度,使得經由量子井之間的該障壁耦合之波函數將可忽略的,同時,達成所要重疊以及光模。選擇該組合物以滿足該載子約束要求。
量子井918:第二Ga0.7
In0.3
As0.04
Sb0.96
量子井918安置於該內部障壁層917上方,亦13厚。在此所有該功能與量子井層916一致。
P側波導919:內部Al0.25
Ga0.75
As0.02
Sb0.98
p側波導,420 nm厚。在此,該功能與內部波導層915一致。
漸變層920:100 nm厚Be p摻雜,Alx
Ga1-x
Asy
Sb1-y
漸變層920,其中Al自0.25漸變至0.40且改變As組合物以將晶格匹配保持至GaSb基板。額定的Be摻雜為5x1016
cm-3
。漸變層920經組態以提供鄰近層亦即p側波導919與P包覆層921之間的更光滑傳導及價帶過渡。
p包覆層921:700 nm厚Be摻雜Al0.45
Ga0.55
As0.04
Sb0.96
p包覆層921。額定的摻雜為8x1016
cm-3
。該p包覆層之功能目的與包覆及波導層912之功能目的一致,僅該摻雜劑類型不同。選擇該摻雜量使得自由載子相關及價帶間相關吸收損耗不升高。
高度p摻雜包覆層922:與p包覆層921相同之組合物之500 nm厚層,但更高度Be p摻雜(5x1017
cm-3
)。該高度p摻雜包覆層922之功能目的與p包覆層921之功能目的一致,當該重疊以及光模較小時,僅增加該摻雜量。
外部p型包覆及波導層923:該外部p側包覆以1000奈米厚,Be p摻雜Al0.45
Ga0.55
As0.04
Sb0.96
外部p型包覆及波導層923結束,其中額定的摻雜為5×1018
cm-3
。該外部p側包覆及波導層923用以將該光模約束至該主動區且降低該光模漏泄至以上層中之可能性,諸如至該高度摻雜漸變層924及接觸層925中。此藉由使該層充分厚來確保。對於2200 nm發射波長,該厚度通常約1000至2200 nm。亦電學摻雜該層以確保低阻值,同時保持由於足夠低摻雜而產生之自由載子損耗為至關重要的。
漸變層924:放入50 nm Be p摻雜Alx
Ga1-x
Asy
Sb1-y
漸變層,p摻雜至5x1018
cm-3
之該量。該漸變層924經組態以提供鄰近層亦即外部p型包覆及波導層923與接觸層925之間的更光滑傳導及價帶過渡。
接觸層925:100 nm厚,重度p摻雜有Be至1x1019
cm-3
GaSb p接觸層925之量。選擇該層厚度,使得確保均勻電流在整個接觸點內散佈,且使摻雜量充分高以簡併該半導體且允許形成較低電阻性歐姆p側接觸點。
金屬接觸點926:金屬接觸點926可藉由磁控濺鍍、電子束蒸發或類似技術沈積。一個典型金屬接觸堆疊由5 nm Ti、50 nm Pt及300至2000 nm Au組成。 Ti確保良好黏附至該半導體,然而Pt充當用於金之擴散障壁。一般而言,許多不同金屬層組合允許對熟習此項技術者已知之接觸之形成。
介電927:介電層927鈍化該裝置。用於鈍化III-V裝置之典型介電材料為氧化矽氮化矽。藉由磁控濺鍍、電漿增強型化學氣相沈積,或其他類似技術沈積此等。基於該折射率要求及其他要求材料性質來選擇該介電材料之該精確化學計量。
圖9中之該異質結構示意性地表示發光器(彎脊波導增益晶片)及互補光偵測器陣列,該異質結構在該同一基板上磊晶生長及製造成功能互補裝置,從而以平面外幾何形狀發射及偵測光。以其可倒裝晶片且整合至第IV族光子積體電路中之特定蝕刻溝槽中之方式製造該等互補裝置。當把該發光器放入該溝槽且出於光偵測將該光偵測器陣列置放於光柵耦合器之頂部時,選擇該厚度匹配層910之該厚度,使得發光有效地耦合至該第IV族波導中。
因此,圖9中之該固態裝置包括固態發光器930及固態光偵測器935,兩者均自單一磊晶層堆疊937單片地形成於該基板上方。該發光器及光偵測器藉由光路由媒體(例如可包括至少一種第IV族元素之固態路由媒體928)光學地耦合。固態路由媒體928可為例如光子積體電路,或能夠自發射器將光引導至偵測器之任何媒體中之光學組件之集合。
在所說明之實施例中,該發射器磊晶堆疊940包括該單一磊晶層堆疊937之每一層(亦即所有安置於該基板901上方之接觸層902至接觸層925)之第一部分。該發射器磊晶堆疊940包括功能發射器層(亦即厚度匹配/接觸層910至接觸層925)及安置於該功能發射器層正下方之該單一磊晶層堆疊之該剩餘層兩者,該功能發射器層實體地支撐該功能發射器層(亦即接觸層902至接觸層909),該剩餘層充當該功能發射器層之機械基板。該偵測器磊晶堆疊945包括所有安置於該基板901上方之接觸層902至接觸層909。
如所說明,該偵測器磊晶層堆疊945之該最頂部磊晶層(接觸層909)比該發射器磊晶層堆疊930之該最頂部磊晶層(接觸層925)更接近於該半導體基板901安置。此為在該發射器磊晶層堆疊940包括該功能發射器層及該單一磊晶層堆疊之該層之該其餘部分兩者時之情況。該後者對應於該偵測器磊晶層堆疊945之該層。該發射器磊晶層堆疊之該複數個磊晶層可包括該單一磊晶層堆疊之每一層之第一部分,且該偵測器磊晶堆疊之該複數個磊晶層可主要由該單一磊晶層堆疊之最底部子集之每一層之第二部分組成。在一些實施例中,此可反向,其中該發射器磊晶層堆疊940之最頂部磊晶層比該偵測器磊晶層堆疊之該最頂部磊晶層更接近於該半導體基板901安置。
如圖9中所說明,在一些實施例中,該偵測器磊晶堆疊包括以下層:
(i)第一接觸層,其安置於該半導體基板上方且包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之有意高度摻雜III-V半導體層;
(ii)III-V未經摻雜障壁層,其安置於該第一接觸層上方且經組態以阻擋與該等摻雜劑相同類型之多數載子之流動且允許與該等多數載子相反類型之少數載子之流動;
(iii)光吸收劑層,其安置於該III-V未經摻雜障壁層上方且包含包括與該第一接觸層之該等摻雜劑相同類型之摻雜劑之輕度摻雜III-V半導體層;及
(iv)第二接觸層,其安置於該光吸收劑層上方且包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之第二高度摻雜III-V半導體層。
在單極障壁裝置中,所有該第一及第二接觸層及該光吸收劑層包括該同一類型之摻雜劑。在穿隧接面裝置中,另一方面,該第一及第二接觸層包括不同類型之摻雜劑。
在一些實施例中,該光學裝置可包括PIN偵測器。隨後,該磊晶堆疊包括以下層:
(i)第一接觸層,其包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之有意高度摻雜III-V半導體層;
(ii)光吸收劑層,其包含未經摻雜III-V半導體層;及
(iii)第二接觸層,其包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之第二高度摻雜III-V半導體層。
在PIN裝置中,該第一及第二接觸層包括不同類型之摻雜劑。
在一些實施例中,該發射器磊晶層堆疊包括包含III-V半導體層堆疊之主動區,該III-V半導體層堆疊包括安置於不同組成之兩個III-V半導體合金層之間的合金層,其中該主動區經組態以藉由再組合及/或鬆弛來產生光。該主動區之實例,其中藉由次頻帶間鬆弛來達成光產生可包括以下III-V層序列:1.4 nm Al0.635
In0.365
As/3.5 nm Ga0.4
In0.6
As/1.6 nm Al0.635
In0.365
As/3.4 nm Ga0.4
In0.6
As/0.6 nm Al0.635
In0.365
As/0.45 nm AlAs/1.2 nm Al0.635
In0.365
As/1.4 nm Ga0.4
In0.6
As/1.3 nm Al0.635
In0.365
As/2.7 nm Ga0.4
In0.6
As/1.05 nm Al0.635
In0.365
As/5.6 nm Ga0.4
In0.6
As/1.1 nm Al0.635
In0.365
As/4.9 nm Ga0.4
In0.6
As/1.3 Al0.635
In0.365
As/4.5 nm Ga0.4
In0.6
As。此層序列在該傳導帶中形成最小帶,在該傳導帶電子鬆弛輻射,從而發射對應於8 µm發射波長之具有能量之光子。參見Vizbaras等人之「Short-Injector Quantum Cascade Laser Emitting at 8-µm with High Slope Efficiency」IEEE Photonics Technology Letters
,卷21,第No.19 (2009年10月)1384至1386號,以全文引用之方式併入本文中。為了提供足夠增益,此類層堆疊可重複64次。具有兩個量子井之該2200 nm發光器之上述描述提供主動區實例,其中光由帶間再組合產生。
圖9中所展示之互補裝置之該實例可由標準III-V製造技術處理。如為熟習此項技術者熟知,其可首先進行微影步驟,從而覆蓋該發射器側及暴露該偵測器側之磊晶層。隨後,降至該偵測器接觸層之該發射器層可移除,例如化學蝕刻或藉由反應性離子蝕刻。額外微影步驟及蝕刻步驟隨後可用以構造該接觸環,構造該發光器台面,且沈積及圖案化介電塗層及金屬層,以定義充分地運作單片、互補裝置。
圖10說明具有彎脊波導發光器1001及6個圓形光偵測器1002與接觸襯墊1003之陣列之單體化III-V互補晶片的俯視圖。實際上,偵測器台面及接觸襯墊可具有任何所需形狀並不限於圓形或矩形。
參考圖11a至11c,一種可能混合整合情形。包括SOI平台上所產生之第IV族積體電路,以及內埋氧化物(BOX)層及經由矽波導進行之光之波導。一般而言,可利用例如任何第IV族光子積體電路積體光學完成自發射器之光之該路由,其中該第IV族平台可為例如Si、SOI、Ge,及/或GOI平台等。
特定言之,圖11a展示整合於矽光子積體電路(1101)中之該III-V互補晶片1102之頂部側視示意圖。連接該兩個表示矽波導之該黑線1103以用於導引光。AA'及BB'分別表示詳細描繪於圖11b及11c中之特定切割。圖11 b中所表示之該切割說明本發明之實施例之關鍵態樣。在此,可參見在該同一例如GaSb基板1201上實現之該互補III-V裝置,其中首先生長該光偵測器結果,在該光偵測器頂部上在該同一製程中實現發光結構。在圖11b中,描繪發生光產生之光偵測器台面1203及發光器主動區1202。該主動區中所產生之光垂直於該影像平面發射且在與該圖組態之平面內偵測(耦合至偵測器1203中)。以下特徵指示:Si材料1205 (基板及波導)、氧化矽層1204 (內埋及頂部)、允許自該光子積體電路將光輸出耦合至光偵測器中(描繪為箭頭)之功能結構1206 (諸如光柵耦合件)、金屬接觸襯墊1207、隔離發光器接觸之電絕緣1208之示意性表示,及蝕刻至該光子積體電路中以允許倒裝該III-V結構之特定溝槽1209。
圖11c描繪該BB'切割,其中該所有該標記與圖11b中相同,具有該同一基板上之該III-V互補晶片1201 (以及所有該等異質層)、發射光之主動區1202、該氧化矽1204、矽1205及金屬化1207。
本發明之所描述實施例僅意欲為例示性且大量變化及修改意欲在如隨附申請專利範圍中所定義之本發明之範疇內。
101:半導體基板
102:發光器
103:光路由媒體
104:偵測器
201:基板
202:發光器
203:光路由媒體
204:偵測器
300:單一磊晶層堆疊
301:發光器層堆疊
302:偵測器層堆疊
303:基板
401:基板
402:偵測器
403:匹配層
404:發光器層堆疊
501:接觸層
502:漸變層
503:光吸收劑層
504:第二漸變層
505:障壁層
506:第三漸變層
507:有意摻雜接觸層
601:接觸層
602:漸變層
603:外部波導層
604:漸變層
605:波導層
606:主動區層堆疊
607:波導層
608:漸變層
609:外部波導層
610:漸變層
611:接觸層
701:基板
702:緩衝區
703:偵測器層堆疊
801:基板
802:漸變層
803:發光器層堆疊
901:基板
902:接觸層
903:漸變層
904:吸收層
905:漸變層
906:障壁層
907:輕度n摻雜漸變層
908:時刻終止層
909:光偵測器接觸層
910:厚度匹配層
911:漸變層
912:包覆及波導層
913:外部波導層
914:組成漸變層
915:內部波導層
916:量子井層
917:內部障壁層
918:量子井
919:P側波導
920:漸變層
921:p包覆層
922:高度p摻雜包覆層
923:外部p型包覆及波導層
924:高度摻雜漸變層
925:接觸層
926:金屬接觸點
927:介電層
928:固態路由媒體
930:固態發光器
935:固態光偵測器
937:單一磊晶層堆疊
940:發射器磊晶層堆疊
945:偵測器磊晶層堆疊
1001:彎脊波導發光器
1002:圓形光偵測器
1003:接觸襯墊
1101:積體電路
1102:III-V互補晶片
1103:黑線
1201:基板
1202:發光器主動區
1203:光偵測器台面
1204:氧化矽層
1205:Si材料
1206:功能結構
1207:金屬接觸襯墊
1208:電絕緣
1209:溝槽
1301:III-V半導體基板
1302:n摻雜緩衝區
1303:接觸層
1304:n摻雜漸變層
1305:未經摻雜吸收層
1306:p摻雜接觸層
圖1為根據本發明之實施例之互補結構之該主要功能區塊之示意圖,其中固態發光器在邊緣發射且固態偵測器經由光路由媒體收集平面外配置中之光;
圖2為根據本發明之實施例之互補結構之該主要功能區塊之示意圖,其中發光器豎直地發射(超出磊晶層平面)且經由光路由媒體光偵測發生在該磊晶層平面內;
圖3為根據本發明之實施例之在該同一基板上所實現偵測器及發射器層堆疊之示意圖,其中互補裝置由III-V半導體層形成;
圖4為根據本發明之實施例之在該同一基板上實現之偵測器及發射器層堆疊且其間有厚度匹配層之示意圖,其中互補裝置由III-V半導體層製成且該裝置之該高度匹配第IV族積體電路中之光波導結構之該高度;
圖5a為根據本發明之實施例之偵測器結構之該關鍵功能區塊之示意圖;
圖5b為根據本發明之實施例之PIN偵測器之示意圖層結構;
圖6為根據本發明之實施例之發光器/增益結構之該關鍵功能區塊之示意圖;
圖7為根據本發明之實施例之層結構之示意圖,其中當該基板及磊晶層結構晶格失配,以及首先生長該偵測器時,合併額外緩衝劑/漸變層以提供鬆弛;
圖8為根據本發明之實施例之層結構之示意圖,其中當該基板及磊晶層結構晶格失配,以及首先生長該發光器時,合併額外緩衝劑/漸變層以提供鬆弛;
圖9為根據本發明之實施例之在室溫下,集中在2200奈米周圍之具有用於經設計以發射及偵測光之結構之可能合金、絕緣及金屬化物之指示的邊緣發射發光器及豎直地偵測光偵測器結構之橫截面示意圖;
圖10為根據本發明之實施例之互補III-V晶片之示意性俯視圖,其中發光器為彎脊波導增益晶片且該信號偵測器陣列由在該同一製造運行期間實現之六個圓形光偵測器形成;
圖11a為根據本發明之實施例之整合於第IV族光子積體電路中之圖10之該互補III-V晶片之示意性俯視圖;
圖11b為根據本發明之實施例之整合於說明該混合結構之光偵測及發射(具有點之環,展示發射方向)之矽光子積體電路中之互補III-V晶片之橫截面視圖;且
圖11c為根據本發明之實施例之整合於說明該積體電路之該波導結構中之光耦合之該矽光子積體電路中之該互補III-V晶片的第二橫截面視圖。
101:半導體基板
102:發光器
103:光路由媒體
104:偵測器
Claims (22)
- 一種固態裝置,其包含: 半導體基板; 固態發光器,其安置於該半導體基板上方,該固態發光器經組態來以光束傳播方向發射光; 光路由媒體,其與該固態發光器光學通信;及 固態光偵測器,其安置於該半導體基板上方,與該光路由媒體光學通信且經組態以偵測由該固態發光器所發射之光, 其中(i)該固態發光器及該固態光偵測器兩者係單片地形成於該基板上,(ii)該固態發光器包含發射器磊晶層堆疊且該固態光偵測器包含偵測器磊晶層堆疊,(iii)該發射器磊晶層堆疊及該偵測器磊晶層堆疊中之每一者包含安置於該半導體基板上方之不同複數個磊晶層之單一磊晶層堆疊,及(iv)該光束傳播方向係(a)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外之光,或(b)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內之光。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中該偵測器磊晶堆疊之最頂部磊晶層比該發射器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部磊晶層更接近於該半導體基板安置。
- 如請求項2之固態裝置,其中(i)該發射器磊晶層堆疊之該複數個磊晶層包含該單一磊晶層堆疊之每一層之第一部分,且(ii)該偵測器磊晶堆疊之該複數個磊晶層基本上由該單一磊晶層堆疊之最底部子集之每一層之第二部分組成。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中該發射器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部磊晶層比該偵測器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部磊晶層更接近於該半導體基板安置。
- 如請求項4之固態裝置,其中(i)該偵測器磊晶層堆疊之該複數個磊晶層包含該單一磊晶層堆疊之每一層之第一部分,且(ii)該發射器磊晶層堆疊之該複數個磊晶層基本上由該單一磊晶層堆疊之最底部子集之每一層之第二部分組成。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中該半導體基板、該固態發光器及該固態光偵測器各自包含III-V半導體材料。
- 如請求項6之固態裝置,其中該III-V半導體材料包含Al、Ga、In、As、Sb、P、N、Bi或其合金組合中之至少一者。
- 如請求項6之固態裝置,其中該III-V半導體材料包含至少一種用於導電性之摻雜劑。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中該單一磊晶層堆疊包含厚度匹配層。
- 如請求項9之固態裝置,其中該厚度匹配層係安置於該發射器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部層或該偵測器磊晶層堆疊之最頂部層上方。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中該偵測器磊晶層堆疊包含: (i)第一接觸層,其安置於該半導體基板上方且包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之有意高度摻雜III-V半導體層; (ii)III-V未經摻雜障壁層,其安置於該第一接觸層上方且經組態以阻擋與該等摻雜劑相同類型之多數載子之流動且允許與該等多數載子相反類型之少數載子之流動; (iii)光吸收劑層,其安置於該III-V未經摻雜障壁層上方且包含包括與該第一接觸層之該等摻雜劑相同類型之摻雜劑之輕度摻雜III-V半導體層;及 (iv)第二接觸層,其安置於該光吸收劑層上方且包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之第二高度摻雜III-V半導體層。
- 如請求項11之固態裝置,其中該等第一及第二接觸層包括相同類型之摻雜劑。
- 如請求項11之固態裝置,其中該等第一及第二接觸層包括不同類型之摻雜劑。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中該偵測器磊晶層堆疊包含: (i)第一接觸層,其包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之有意高度摻雜III-V半導體層; (ii)光吸收劑層,其包含未經摻雜III-V半導體層;及 (iii)第二接觸層,其包含包括p型或n型摻雜劑之第二高度摻雜III-V半導體層。
- 如請求項14之固態裝置,其中該等第一及第二接觸層包括不同類型之摻雜劑。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中該發射器磊晶層堆疊包含主動區,該主動區包含包括安置於不同組成之兩個III-V半導體合金層之間的III-V半導體合金層之III-V半導體層堆疊,其中該主動區經組態以藉由再組合或鬆弛中之至少一者來產生光。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中(i)該半導體基板為III-V半導體基板,(ii)該半導體基板為有意未經摻雜、半絕緣或導電且摻雜有p或n型雜質中之至少一種基板,及(iii)該單一磊晶層堆疊包含III-V半導體漸變層,該III-V半導體漸變層包含組成漸變或摻雜劑濃度漸變中之至少一者。
- 如請求項17之固態裝置,其中該III-V半導體漸變層將光滑傳導及價帶過渡提供至鄰近層。
- 如請求項1之固態裝置,其中該光路由媒體為固態。
- 如請求項19之固態裝置,其中該光路由媒體包含至少一種第IV族元素。
- 一種用於偵測固態裝置中之光之方法,該方法包含: 藉由固態發光器發射光束;及 經由光路由媒體將該光傳播至固態光偵測器, 其中(i)該固態發光器及該固態光偵測器兩者係單片地形成於基板上,(ii)該固態發光器包含發射器磊晶層堆疊且該固態光偵測器包含偵測器磊晶層堆疊,(iii)該發射器磊晶層堆疊及該偵測器磊晶層堆疊中之每一者包含安置於該半導體基板上方之不同複數個磊晶層之單一磊晶層堆疊,及(iv)該光束傳播方向係(a)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外之光,或(b)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內之光。
- 一種形成固態裝置之方法,該方法包含: 在半導體基板上方形成單一磊晶層堆疊; 自該單一磊晶層堆疊在該半導體基板上單片地形成固態發光器及固態光偵測器,該固態發光器包含發射器磊晶層堆疊且該固態光偵測器包含偵測器磊晶層堆疊,其中該發射器磊晶層堆疊及該偵測器磊晶層堆疊中之每一者包含不同複數個磊晶層之該單一磊晶層堆疊;及 形成與該固態發光器及該固態光偵測器光學通信之光路由媒體, 其中(i)該固態發光器經組態來以光束傳播方向發射光,(ii)該固態光偵測器經組態以偵測由該固態發光器所發射之光,及(iii)該光束傳播方向係(a)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外之光,或(b)在該單一磊晶層堆疊平面外且該固態光偵測器偵測該單一磊晶層堆疊平面內之光。
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US11984526B2 (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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