TW202124121A - 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯硬發泡體在風力發電廠的轉子葉片及造船中作為芯材的用途 - Google Patents
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯硬發泡體在風力發電廠的轉子葉片及造船中作為芯材的用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW202124121A TW202124121A TW109126428A TW109126428A TW202124121A TW 202124121 A TW202124121 A TW 202124121A TW 109126428 A TW109126428 A TW 109126428A TW 109126428 A TW109126428 A TW 109126428A TW 202124121 A TW202124121 A TW 202124121A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- polymethyl methacrylate
- resin
- foams
- outer layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 17
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- YKFLAYDHMOASIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-terpinene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CCC(C)=CC1 YKFLAYDHMOASIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkyl mercaptan Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMKSVUSAATWOCU-HROMYWEYSA-N loteprednol etabonate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)OCCl)(OC(=O)OCC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O DMKSVUSAATWOCU-HROMYWEYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002020 Aerosil® OX 50 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDUCNPHDIMQCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2-sulfanylacetyl)oxy-2,2-bis[(2-sulfanylacetyl)oxymethyl]propyl] 2-sulfanylacetate Chemical compound SCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CS)(COC(=O)CS)COC(=O)CS RUDUCNPHDIMQCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008027 tertiary esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071127 thioglycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioglycolate(1-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
- B29C44/06—Making multilayered articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3415—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/58—Moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
- B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/0872—Prepregs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2715/00—Condition, form or state of preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29K2715/003—Cellular or porous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0063—Density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
- B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/087—Propellers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3067—Ships
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本發明關於PMMA系硬發泡體在風力發電廠的轉子葉片及造船中作為夾層複合材料之芯材的用途。
Description
本發明關於聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體在風力發電廠的轉子葉片及造船中作為夾層複合材料(sandwich composite)之芯材的用途。
夾層複合材料由芯材及施於其上的外層組成。這些夾層複合材料的特徵一般在於其顯現高組件剛度及低重量。芯材必須滿足各種要求,例如,其必須牢固地連接到外層,以便能轉移壓縮力。芯材應該另具有儘可能低的密度。
剛性發泡體由於其低密度而常被用作芯材。
為了製造夾層複合材料,通常將外層施於用樹脂浸漬的芯材上,但是尚未施加固化的織物材料(預浸料)。然後在第二步驟中將外層中的樹脂固化,這也實現與芯材的黏合。固化在提高的溫度及壓力下進行,以確保外層沒有缺陷,並確保外層與芯材的良好黏合。外層中的樹脂通過各種機制連接到芯材。樹脂與外層之間可能存有黏著/內聚或化學鍵合。固化前仍具有一定流動性的樹脂也可進一步流入發泡體芯的表面開孔中,從而也導致固化後外層與芯材的必然連接接合(positive-connection joining) “嚙合”。
外層固化期間使用的溫度及壓力越高,固化一般會進行得越快。
上文描述的夾層複合材料在風力發電廠葉片的構造及造船中找到廣泛用途。由於其低密度,在這些領域中使用的芯材主要是硬發泡體。這些應用特別使用PVC系和PET系發泡體。其實例為3A Composites的AirexC70.55 (PVC)、AirexT10.100 (PET)、GURIT的GPET115 (PET)、DIAB的Divinicell H或Armacell的ArmaFORM (PET)。
在此重要的是要達到一定的抗壓強度及熱變形溫度以允許製造組件。由於由相同的基底聚合物製成的發泡體之機械強度隨密度而降低,因此僅可根據發泡體的基底聚合物使用降至一定下限的密度。對於PET系發泡體,此下限為約PVC系發泡體下限的兩倍。因此,PVC系發泡體具有優於PET發泡體的顯著優點。相比之下,就芯材的成本而言,PET發泡體優於PVC發泡體。
關於夾層複合材料的最終組件重量的另一個因素是發泡體的樹脂吸收量。樹脂吸收量被理解為意指外層的靜液樹脂在固化成表面開孔之前的流入。此樹脂吸收量必須確保必然連接接合及因此外層與芯材的良好黏著。有利的是,只有最少量的良好黏合所需的樹脂被發泡體的最上面的開孔吸收,否則樹脂由於其高密度而不必要地貢獻了最終組件的總重量。
[技術問題]
如上所述,在風力發電廠的轉子葉片及造船中所使用的標準芯材係基於PVC及PET的硬發泡體。但是,其中一些硬發泡體具有明顯的缺點。
兩種發泡體之一缺點是高樹脂吸收量。結果是發泡體不必要地吸收了大量的樹脂,這一方面導致所用樹脂的不必要的高成本,另一方面促成最終組件的重量增加。
用於這些應用的PET及PVC發泡體的另一個缺點是,夾層複合材料的製程中可能的加工溫度限於約80℃,因為在這些溫度以上,PET及PVC硬發泡體的機械性質明顯下滑,不再允許進行高品質的製程(芯材變形)。
因此,本發明解決的問題是找到用於上述應用的芯材,其a)具有相對低的樹脂吸收量以節省成本及重量,b)同時也允許相對高的製程溫度。
[技術方案]
頃發現與PET及PVC發泡體的競爭系統相比,基於聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的硬發泡體滿足上述低樹脂吸收量及相對高製程溫度的要求。此處特別令人驚訝的是,儘管PMMA發泡體的樹脂吸收量顯著較低,但是外層黏合仍非常好。
小於0.03 g /cm²的低樹脂吸收量使根據本發明的硬發泡體與基於PET及PVC的競爭系統區別開來。
本發明提供具有於50至300μm的範圍內之整體孔徑及30至500 kg/m3
,較佳地低於250 kg/m3
的密度之PMMA系發泡體。
例如EP 3277748描述一種合適的製造PMMA發泡體的方法,其包含藉由聚合,例如藉由厚片聚合(slab polymerization),主要包含MMA的單體混合物及/或由完全或主要由MMA組成的聚合物和全部或主要由MMA構成的單體混合物所組成之稠漿液,在成核劑及在聚合條件下為非氣態的起泡劑存在下製造發泡體。如此獲得的,充滿起泡劑的,完全聚合之PMMA厚板接著在第二步中藉由加熱發泡,同時由混合成核劑形成小而均勻的孔眼。
本方法的特徵特別在於成核劑包含直徑為介於4與1000 nm之間的氧化矽粒子。所述的組合物含有0.01至2.0重量%,較佳地0.2至1.5重量%的一種或多種起始劑;2至20重量%,較佳地3至15重量%的一種或多種起泡劑;0.2至10重量%,較佳地0.5至8重量%的直徑介於4與1000 nm之間,較佳地介於5與500 nm之間的氧化矽粒子;及70至97.79重量%,較佳地75至97.8 重量%的形成聚合物的混合物,其中該形成聚合物的混合物由含量不少於75莫耳%的MMA及/或MMA重複單元組成,並可以含量為0至80重量%,較佳地含量為0至50重量%的聚合物及/或寡聚物存在。本組合物最初在介於20℃與100℃之間,較佳地介於30℃與70℃之間的溫度下聚合,並其後在介於130℃與250℃之間,較佳地介於150℃與230℃之間的溫度下發泡。除了列舉的組分之外,該組合物可含有至高27.79重量%的其他組分。這些其他組分的實例特別是不同於含MMA的聚合物、UV安定劑、填料及顏料的另外的聚合物組分。
該氧化矽粒子較佳為SiO2
粒子。然而,這些粒子的化學計量也可能不精確地為1:2。特別是非常小的粒子與前述化學計量相差至多30%。也可能有至多20%的矽被其他金屬離子例如鋁替換。對本發明的目的而言,唯一重要的要求是矽與氧的化學計量比為介於0.7與1.3之間:2,且矽的粒子中包含不低於80莫耳%的非氧原子。然而,也可使用其他成核劑例如滑石粉、頁矽酸鹽、石墨烯(graphene)、石墨氧化物、Al2
O3
、與單體混合物不混溶或不溶的聚合物粒子等。當甚至沒有成核劑時,孔徑在所述範圍內時,也可省略成核劑。
除MMA外的形成聚合物的混合物可包括至多25重量%的其他組分。這些其他組分可包含MMA-可共聚合單體、鏈轉移劑及/或交聯劑。MMA及可共聚合單體可完全以單體形式使用。形成聚合物的組合物可特別地含有至多0.5重量%的交聯劑及/或至多1.5重量%的鏈轉移劑。
然而,在本發明的更方便操作的具體實例中,也可以聚合物及/或寡聚物形式存在至多80重量%,較佳地不多於50重量%的MMA及可共聚合單體。此由單體及聚合物/寡聚物組成的稠漿液的優點在於其具有比純單體混合物高的黏度,因此聚合反應中釋出的總能量更低。
MMA-可共聚合單體可特別是丙烯酸酯,例如特別是丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯或丙烯酸正丁酯。丙烯酸酯的共聚合此外用以在高發泡溫度(foaming temperature)下使發泡體安定,因為這些發泡溫度可能高於純MMA的上限溫度。當不加入安定化共聚單體時,較佳為較短的發泡時間或相應較低的發泡溫度。
合適的共聚單體的其他例子是(甲基)丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸酯例如甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丁酯、苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯醯胺、烷基中具有1至12個碳原子的N-烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、烷基中具有1至4個碳原子的(甲基)丙烯酸羥烷基酯、聚醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其中該聚醚可具有介於200與5000之間的分子量。這些共聚單體也可採用其兩種或更多種的混合物的形式。當這些共聚單體包含(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯及/或(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯時,基於彼的全部組合物的比例可能不超過總和3重量%。當使用交聯劑時,其較佳為二、三或四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、三烯丙基氰尿酸酯、三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯或含有這些交聯劑中至少兩種的混合物。
當使用鏈轉移劑時,這些較佳為具有1至5個硫醇基的化合物、γ-萜品烯或這些鏈轉移劑中至少兩種的混合物。鏈轉移劑特佳為季戊四醇四硫代乙醇酸酯、2-巰基乙醇、具有2至12個碳原子的烷基硫醇、硫代乙醇酸、硫代乙醇酸酯、γ-萜品烯或這些鏈轉移劑中的至少兩種的混合物。
本發明之特別重要的態樣係在要發泡的組合物中使用成核劑。在製造PMMA發泡體時使用成核劑比先前技藝新穎,並具有使獲得的PMMA發泡體具有特別小、均一且均勻分佈的孔眼之令人驚訝的效果。如此獲得的良好的孔眼結構對於各種應用非常重要。在絕緣應用中,對於相同的密度及孔眼氣體(cell gas),發泡體的絕緣效果一般隨著孔眼尺寸減小而增加。在發泡體芯面對樹脂浸漬的外層之輕質建築應用中,發泡體芯的樹脂吸收量應該最小以減輕重量。為此所使用的閉孔發泡體的孔眼越細,會吸收越少樹脂。
令人驚訝地發現,與基於沒有成核劑的基礎配方的發泡體相比,使用氧化矽粒子可獲得孔眼明顯更細的發泡體。例如,AEROSIL OX50(來自EVONIK Industries AG)提供孔眼非常細小的發泡體。進一步令人驚訝地發現,用其他可能的成核添加物,例如滑石粉,沒有獲得此效果。相反地,滑石傾向於干擾發泡過程,獲得的任何發泡體皆高度不均勻。使用Al2
O3
粒子(EVONIK Industries AG的AEROXIDE ALU C)也沒有取得任何成功,因為在此不可能起泡。這顯示在本文所示的PMMA發泡體製程中僅加入任何粒子皆不能帶來所需的孔眼細化程度,而是令人驚訝地最初僅氧化矽粒子卻似乎適合於此。
根據本發明製造的PMMA發泡體另具有出乎意料的高強度及出乎意料的低脆性,因此可用於例如輕質結構中。好的材料性質進一步可避免塑化劑的使用,例如相對長鏈的(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯或鄰苯二甲酸烷酯,根據目前的知識,其對流動性/發泡性有正面效果,但是同時也對PMMA發泡體的機械性質,特別是強度,有負面效果。
特別合適的起泡劑是第三丁醇、正庚烷、MTBE、甲乙酮、具有1至4個碳原子的醇、水、甲基縮醛、脲、(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯及/或(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯。當使用(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯及/或(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯時,其同時是所舉的單體組合物之組成,且為最初全部或部分聚合成在聚合期間形成的聚合物。(甲基)丙烯酸重複單元其後在發泡時藉由脫除丙烯及異丁烯而形成於聚合物中。在特定的具體實例中,也可使用由大部分這些單體或完全由這些單體製造的聚合物。此釋出起泡劑(blowing agent)的可聚合及/或已聚合共聚單體的使用例如可獲得特別小且規則的孔眼。
特別合適的起泡劑是(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯、第三丁醇、異丙醇、第三丁基甲基醚及聚(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯。
聚合反應較佳在賦形容器中進行,特別是在兩片例如玻璃片之間的室聚合(chamber polymerization)形式。在最簡單的情況下,可考慮例如矩形槽。隨後在此種槽中聚合提供厚度已由槽/片材間距中的填充水平決定之片材。然而,對於容器,也可想到更複雜的形狀。聚合較佳在30至70℃的溫度下進行。在此,除了氧化還原系統或UV起始劑之外,也可使用一般已知的自由基起始劑,例如過氧化物或偶氮起始劑作為起始劑。低於40℃的聚合溫度尤其適用於這些氧化還原系統及UV起始劑。UV起始劑係藉由用適當的UV光照射引發,而氧化還原起始劑則包含藉由混合兩種組分及單體而引發的兩組分系統。
其後可在同一容器中發生起泡,在此情況下,體積增加僅限於一個方向,即容器的開口側。然而,聚合的材料也可在不限制外殼的情況下起泡。發泡較佳在烘箱中進行。或者,也可藉由用IR輻射,特別是波長於0.78至2.20μm,較佳地1.20至1.40μm範圍內的輻射進行輻照而產生發泡反應。微波發泡代表另一種選擇。也可考慮不同方法的組合,例如IR輻射、微波及/或在烘箱中加熱。
發泡及前面的聚合皆可分多個溫度階段進行。在聚合反應中,稍後提高溫度可另外提高轉化率,從而減少殘留的單體含量。在發泡期間,發泡溫度的階段性提高可用以影響孔眼分佈、孔眼尺寸及孔眼數量。
該方法也可視需要地進行,使得聚合僅不完全地進行,在此情況下,較佳地到至少80%的轉化率,並在發泡期間進行最終的末端聚合。此方法的優點為在發泡程序開始時,剩餘的單體具有塑化效應(plasticizing effect)而在製成的發泡體中不殘留任何塑化化合物。因此,在此具體實例中,聚合及發泡將在單一發泡溫度下部分同時進行。
除了本發明的方法之外,本發明也提供可藉由例如此方法製造的PMMA發泡體。此PMMA發泡體的特徵在於該發泡體的固體部分含有72至98重量%的聚合物,該聚合物加入不低於75莫耳%的MMA重複單元;及0.2至12.5重量%的氧化矽粒子。該發泡體另具有介於25與250 kg/m3
之間,較佳地介於40與250 kg/m3
之間的密度,及低於500μm的平均孔徑。整個孔徑較佳為低於500μm。
孔徑根據ASTM D 3576標準試驗片測定,其不同之處在於:首先不是觀察到的PMMA發泡體的刀片切割部分,而是其斷裂的邊緣。再者,由於孔眼相對較小,因此不藉由光學顯微鏡進行分析,而是經由掃描電子顯微鏡測量進行。但是,根據獲得的像片計算孔眼大小是符合標準的。
特佳為聚合物由MMA、起始劑、一或多種選自二-、三-或四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、三烯丙基氰尿酸酯及/或三烯丙基異氰脲酸酯的交聯劑及一或多種鏈轉移劑所形成之PMMA發泡體。
與典型的PET及PVC發泡體的發泡體吸收率於0.03至0.06 g/cm2
範圍內相比,PMMA系發泡體顯示0.01至0.03 g/cm2
,較佳地0.02 g/cm2
的樹脂吸收量。
同時,外層黏合性也極好。這是令人驚訝的,因為發泡體及固化樹脂之相當小的孔眼及由此導致之潛在較差的“嚙合”預期將不會導致良好的外層黏合性。
進一步發現PMMA系發泡體具有比PVC及PET發泡體高的玻璃轉移溫度。根據標準ISO 6721-7藉由DMTA測量測定的用於PMMA系發泡體的玻璃轉移溫度為至少110℃,較佳地至少130℃。這進而在固化程序期間允許較高的溫度,因此可縮短處理時間,從而提高成本效益。頃發現在製造夾層組件時的樹脂固化可於高於110℃,較佳地高於120℃的溫度下進行。這對於習用發泡體是不可能的,因為於這些溫度下已經發生分解及/或軟化。
也可在提高的壓力之下製造根據本發明的夾層組件。在此利用壓製程序或高壓釜程序。這包含將織物層引入模具中,施加發泡體芯並施加另外的織物層。根據程序的不同,施加≥1巴或真空的壓力並注入/抽吸樹脂。
該聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體可用於對重量有特殊要求的夾層材料中。降低的樹脂吸收量導致減低的重量,因此由此製得的夾層材料特別適用於要求良好的複合黏合性及低重量的應用。這進一步導致較低的所用樹脂的消耗成本。除此之外,所研究的PMMA發泡體的較高熱變形溫度允許潛在較高的處理溫度,從而節省了處理時間。
該聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體適合用作耐候絕緣材料、夾層複合材料的芯材、輕質結構、包裝材料、防撞元件中的能量吸收體、符合建築法的建築元件、在照明應用的散光器、家具製造、造船、車輛製造、航空業或模型建築中,特別是在風力發電廠的轉子葉片中用作芯材。
示範具體實例樹脂吸收量
使用的材料:
PVC發泡體:來自Steinhausen ZG (瑞士)的3A Composites的Airex C70.55
PET發泡體:來自Steinhausen ZG (瑞士)的3A Composites的Airex T10.100
PMMA發泡體:德國Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH的ROHACRYL55
芯材的樹脂吸收量必須藉由VARI (真空輔助樹脂注入)以實驗測定。指定300 x 300 mm的最小樣本薄片尺寸。
在注入之前,必須將樣本尺寸及樣本重量調整到±0.01 mm及±0.01 g的測量精度以測定樣本密度及基重。由於樹脂的黏度很大程度上取決於溫度,因此將測試裝置加熱到30℃以確保恆定的條件。藉由真空測試對測試裝置的氣密性進行測試,其中將樹脂的入口及出口夾住,並在30分鐘後檢查真空度損失。
除此之外,樹脂成分應予以脫氣。這是藉由在真空之下於-0.8巴及40℃下將樹脂及硬化劑抽真空60分鐘來進行的。在混合之前,必須將兩種組分皆冷卻至室溫以使反應可以受控的方式開始。隨後在-0.8巴及40℃下對樹脂系統進行第二次脫氣10分鐘。測試設置的真空測試完成後即可開始注入。應保持真空直至樹脂固化。注入結束後,樹脂系統應在30℃下固化至少18小時。
最後,使邊緣成正方形並除去剝離層。乾發泡體片及注入的發泡體片的基重之間的差提供樹脂吸收量。
根據標準鼓形剝片試驗(DIN 53295),將具有外層凸出部的夾層片夾在已知的測試裝置中。借助於夾持器,外層被夾住其凸出部,並以恆定的設備速度從芯材上剝離。繪製為此所需的作用力。這提供有關外層黏合性的資料。
進行的測試導致發泡體材料失效。觀察到內聚破壞而不是黏著破壞(黏著層(樹脂層)中的發泡體芯材與外層分離)的事實表示良好的外層黏合性。
這證明對PMMA發泡體芯具有足夠的外層黏合性。
也以另一種測試方法測量外層黏合性。
平直測試(ASTM C297)使用50 x 50 mm的試樣進行。試樣由發泡體芯、樹脂層及於頂表面和底表面上的外層組成。將試樣夾緊於拉伸設備中。以恆定的拉伸測試速度拉動上支架。
持續拉動直到發泡體芯在進行的測試中失效。在樹脂層未檢測到外層與芯材的分離。
這顯示足夠的外層黏合性。測量玻璃轉移溫度以估算熱變形溫度
在設有外層的發泡體芯上注射環氧樹脂。在密封模具中將材料加熱到110℃。藉由提高的溫度加速交聯反應。
測定相對短的循環時間。在室溫下進行的對比測試中,固化時間超過24小時。在110℃的溫度下,固化程序可縮短至20分鐘。
Claims (8)
- 一種聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體在具有低樹脂吸收量的夾層組件中之用途,其特徵在於達成良好的外層黏合性。
- 如請求項1之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體之用途,其中在該夾層組件的製造期間,樹脂的固化可於>110℃的溫度下進行。
- 如請求項1至2之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體之用途,其中發泡體材料具有30至500 kg/m3 的密度。
- 如請求項1至3之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體之用途,其中發泡體材料的樹脂吸收量係介於0.01與0.03 g/cm2 之間。
- 如請求項1之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體之用途,其中該夾層組件具有低的重量。
- 如請求項1至5之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體之用途,其中發泡體材料具有於50至300μm的範圍內之平均孔徑。
- 一種製造如請求項1至6中至少一項之用途的在具有低樹脂吸收量的夾層組件中之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體之方法,其中藉由根據標準ISO 6721-7的DMTA測量所測定之玻璃轉移溫度Tg係高於110℃。
- 如請求項1至7之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系硬發泡體之用途,其中發泡體係用作風力發電廠的轉子葉片或造船中之芯材。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19190719.5 | 2019-08-08 | ||
EP19190719 | 2019-08-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW202124121A true TW202124121A (zh) | 2021-07-01 |
Family
ID=67587482
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW109126428A TW202124121A (zh) | 2019-08-08 | 2020-08-05 | 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯硬發泡體在風力發電廠的轉子葉片及造船中作為芯材的用途 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220339829A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP4010410B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2022543318A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20220044508A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN114206574A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3146730A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK4010410T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2955324T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI4010410T3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL290387A (zh) |
LT (1) | LT4010410T (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2022001514A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL4010410T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT4010410T (zh) |
SI (1) | SI4010410T1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW202124121A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2021023432A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3911489A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 | 2021-11-24 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Novel foaming process for production of foam materials |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010038716A1 (de) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zum In-Mold Foaming mit einem schäumbaren Medium und Deckschichten und dadurch erhältlicher Kunststoffformkörper |
CN103302861B (zh) * | 2013-05-16 | 2015-07-22 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯基泡孔梯度材料的制备方法 |
DE102013224774A1 (de) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-03 | Tesa Se | Mehrschichtiges Produkt |
DE102014209425A1 (de) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-11-19 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Formschäumen von Poly(meth)acrylimid-Partikeln in geschlossenen Werkzeugen zur Herstellung von Hartschaumkernen |
EP2993202A1 (de) * | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-09 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Composite-Halbzeuge und daraus hergestellte Formteile sowie direkt hergestellte Formteile auf Basis von hydroxyfunktionalisierten (Meth)Acrylaten und Uretdionen, die duroplastisch vernetzt werden |
EP3075770A1 (de) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-05 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Herstellung feinporiger pmma-schäume mittels verwendung von nukleierungsmitteln |
AU2017323394A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2019-03-28 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Improving the properties in PMMA foams by using methacrylic amides |
KR101928236B1 (ko) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-12-11 | 박종엽 | 3층 구조 경량 샌드위치 구조물의 제조방법과 이에 의해 제조된 경량 샌드위치 구조물 |
-
2020
- 2020-06-24 US US17/632,961 patent/US20220339829A1/en active Pending
- 2020-06-24 DK DK20734027.4T patent/DK4010410T3/da active
- 2020-06-24 CA CA3146730A patent/CA3146730A1/en active Pending
- 2020-06-24 FI FIEP20734027.4T patent/FI4010410T3/fi active
- 2020-06-24 WO PCT/EP2020/067571 patent/WO2021023432A1/de unknown
- 2020-06-24 SI SI202030218T patent/SI4010410T1/sl unknown
- 2020-06-24 CN CN202080056169.2A patent/CN114206574A/zh active Pending
- 2020-06-24 LT LTEPPCT/EP2020/067571T patent/LT4010410T/lt unknown
- 2020-06-24 PL PL20734027.4T patent/PL4010410T3/pl unknown
- 2020-06-24 MX MX2022001514A patent/MX2022001514A/es unknown
- 2020-06-24 JP JP2022507747A patent/JP2022543318A/ja active Pending
- 2020-06-24 PT PT207340274T patent/PT4010410T/pt unknown
- 2020-06-24 EP EP20734027.4A patent/EP4010410B1/de active Active
- 2020-06-24 KR KR1020227003975A patent/KR20220044508A/ko unknown
- 2020-06-24 ES ES20734027T patent/ES2955324T3/es active Active
- 2020-08-05 TW TW109126428A patent/TW202124121A/zh unknown
-
2022
- 2022-02-06 IL IL290387A patent/IL290387A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT4010410T (pt) | 2023-08-07 |
DK4010410T3 (da) | 2023-09-11 |
KR20220044508A (ko) | 2022-04-08 |
CN114206574A (zh) | 2022-03-18 |
EP4010410B1 (de) | 2023-06-14 |
ES2955324T3 (es) | 2023-11-30 |
SI4010410T1 (sl) | 2023-08-31 |
CA3146730A1 (en) | 2021-02-11 |
FI4010410T3 (fi) | 2023-09-01 |
MX2022001514A (es) | 2022-03-11 |
PL4010410T3 (pl) | 2023-10-02 |
JP2022543318A (ja) | 2022-10-11 |
IL290387A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
WO2021023432A1 (de) | 2021-02-11 |
US20220339829A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
EP4010410A1 (de) | 2022-06-15 |
LT4010410T (lt) | 2023-07-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
RU2715527C2 (ru) | Получение мелкопористых пеноматериалов на основе pmma с использованием зародышеобразователей | |
GB2028853A (en) | Process for producing glass fibre-reinforced transparent cast sheet | |
CN109689710B (zh) | 通过使用甲基丙烯酰胺改进pmma泡沫的性能 | |
TW202124121A (zh) | 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯硬發泡體在風力發電廠的轉子葉片及造船中作為芯材的用途 | |
CN108084324B (zh) | 一种高强度异型聚(甲基)丙烯酰亚胺泡沫的制备方法 | |
CN110746638B (zh) | 一种悬浮聚合制备纳米碳纤维增强聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫的方法 | |
CN105906749A (zh) | 一种热塑性树脂基碳纤维复合材料及其制备方法 | |
AU2009304675B2 (en) | Method for producing air-permeable composite sheet | |
JP2006335961A (ja) | アクリル系樹脂発泡シート | |
EP4010411B1 (en) | Pmma-based cast polymers having improved mechanical properties | |
KR102171641B1 (ko) | 인조 대리석용 조성물 및 인조 대리석 | |
JP2001038724A (ja) | アクリル系シート・モールディング・コンパウンド(smc)、そのsmcを用いたアクリル系樹脂成形品、およびその製造方法 | |
JP2007131699A (ja) | 表面が親水化された炭素樹脂複合材料成形品の製造方法 | |
JP2021527740A (ja) | 3つの開始剤を含む液体組成物、その重合プロセス、使用、及び組成物の重合後に得られる材料又は組成物 | |
CN108641273B (zh) | 一种低温快速固化渗透性多孔树脂及其制备方法和应用 | |
JP2001040164A (ja) | シート・モールディング・コンパウンド用アクリル系樹脂組成物 | |
JP2001040104A (ja) | アクリル系シート・モールディング・コンパウンドの製造方法 |