CN114206574A - 风力发电厂的转子叶片中和船舶制造中作为芯材的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯硬质泡沫的制备方法 - Google Patents
风力发电厂的转子叶片中和船舶制造中作为芯材的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯硬质泡沫的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114206574A CN114206574A CN202080056169.2A CN202080056169A CN114206574A CN 114206574 A CN114206574 A CN 114206574A CN 202080056169 A CN202080056169 A CN 202080056169A CN 114206574 A CN114206574 A CN 114206574A
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- foam
- resin
- polymethyl methacrylate
- rigid foams
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Classifications
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- B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于PMMA的硬质泡沫作为在风力发电厂的转子叶片中以及在船舶制造中的夹芯构件的芯材的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制备基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的方法,该基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫在用于风力发电厂和船舶制造中的夹芯构件中,其具有根据标准ISO6721-7通过DMTA测量法测定的高于110℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg,所述方法的特征在于,将装载有发泡剂的聚合物组合物发泡以提供泡沫材料,该泡沫材料具有根据ASTM D3576测量的在50至300μm范围内的平均孔尺寸。
背景技术
夹芯复合材料由芯材和施加于其上的覆盖层组成。通常这些夹芯复合材料的特征在于,它们在低的重量下具有高的构件刚度。在此,所述芯材必须符合各种要求,例如它必须牢固地与覆盖层接合,从而能够传递推力所述芯材还应具有尽可能低的密度。
由于硬质泡沫的低密度,它们是经常使用的芯材。
为了制备夹芯复合材料,通常将覆盖层施加到芯材上并用树脂浸渍,或者向其施加用树脂浸渍的、但尚未硬化的织物材料(预浸料)。然后在第二步骤中将在覆盖层中的树脂硬化,在此也发生了与所述芯材的粘结。为了确保所述覆盖层没有缺陷以及为了确保所述覆盖层很好地与所述芯材粘结,在升高的温度和压力下进行硬化。在此,在所述覆盖层中的树脂通过各种机理与所述芯材接合。所述树脂可粘附/内聚或化学粘结于所述覆盖层。另外,在硬化前仍具有一定流动性的树脂还可流入到泡沫芯的表面开放的泡孔中,并且因此在硬化后通过形状配合导致覆盖层和芯材的接合(“啮合”)。
在所述覆盖层硬化的过程中采用的温度和压力越高,则所述硬化通常情况下就可进行得越快。
上文描述的夹芯复合材料广泛用于风力发电厂的叶片的构造中和用于船舶制造中。在这些领域中使用的芯材主要是硬质泡沫,因为它们具有低的密度。基于PVC和PET的泡沫特别可用于这些应用。其实例是得自3A Composites的AirexC70.55(PVC)、AirexT10.100(PET),得自GURIT的GPET115(PET),得自DIAB的Divinicell H,或得自Armacell的ArmaFORM(PET)。
在此重要的是,必须达到一定的抗压强度和耐热变形性以使得能够实现所述构件的制造工艺。由于对于由相同的基础聚合物制成的泡沫,机械强度随密度降低,因此取决于所述泡沫的基础聚合物,仅可以使用低到特定下限的密度。对于基于PET的泡沫,该下限为基于PVC的泡沫情况下的密度的约两倍。在此,基于PVC的泡沫明显优于PET泡沫。相反,关于所述芯材的成本,PET泡沫优于PVC泡沫。
夹芯复合材料的最终构件重量的另一个因素是所述泡沫的树脂吸收性。所谓树脂吸收性应理解为是指在硬化前所述覆盖层的仍是液体的树脂流入到表面开放的孔中。为了确保形状配合并因此覆盖层良好粘附于所述芯材,这种树脂吸收性是必要的。有利的是,只有对于良好粘结所必要的最小量的树脂被所述泡沫的最上面的开放孔所吸收,因为所述树脂否则由于其高的密度而对最终构件的总重量造成不必要的贡献。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
如上文所述的,在风力发电厂的转子叶片中以及在船舶制造中标准化使用的芯材是基于PVC或PET的硬质泡沫。然而,这些硬质泡沫中的一些具有明显的缺点。
这两种泡沫的一个缺点是高的树脂吸收性。这导致的结果是非必要的大量树脂被所述泡沫吸收,其一方面导致所使用树脂的不必要的高成本,和另一方面又驱使最终构件的重量升高。
用于这些应用的PET和PVC泡沫的另一个缺点是,在所述夹芯复合材料的制备方法中可能的加工温度被限制为约80℃,因为超过这些温度,所述PET和PVC硬质泡沫的机械性能显著下降,并且不再允许高品质的制造工艺(芯材的变形)。
本发明所解决的技术问题因此是找到用于上述应用的芯材,该芯材a)具有较低的树脂吸收性以节约成本和重量,和b)同时还允许较高的工艺温度。
解决方案
所述技术问题通过提供制备基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的方法得以解决,所述基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫在用于风力发电厂和船舶制造中的夹芯构件中,其具有根据标准ISO 6721-7(发布日期2005-08)通过DMTA(动态机械热分析)测量法测定的高于110℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg,所述方法的特征在于,将装载有发泡剂的聚合物组合物发泡以提供泡沫材料,该泡沫材料具有根据ASTM D3576(发布日期2015)测量的在50至300μm范围内的平均孔尺寸。
现在已经发现基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的硬质泡沫符合上述要求,即与PET和PVC泡沫的竞争体系相比,树脂吸收性低并且工艺温度更高。此处特别令人惊奇的是,尽管PMMA泡沫的树脂吸收性显著较低,但覆盖层粘结仍是非常好的。
根据本发明的硬质泡沫与基于PET和PVC的竞争体系的区别在于根据VARI(真空辅助树脂灌注)测量的小于0.03g/cm2的低树脂吸收性。
本发明提供的基于PMMA的泡沫具有根据DIN EN ISO 1183(发布日期2013-04)测量的在50-300μm范围内的总体孔尺寸和30-500kg/m3,优选小于250kg/m3的泡沫密度。
例如,EP 3277748描述了一种合适的用于制备PMMA泡沫的方法,该方法中通过在聚合条件下不是气体的发泡剂和成核剂的存在下进行以下物质的聚合制备所述泡沫:主要含有MMA的单体混合物,和/或由聚合物(其完全或主要由MMA组成)和单体混合物(其完全或主要由MMA组成)组成的浆料,所述聚合例如板式聚合。然后在第二步骤中将因此获得的完全聚合的并装载有发泡剂的PMMA板通过加热而发泡,在此通过添加成核剂形成小且均匀的孔。
这种方法的特征特别在于所述成核剂是具有的直径在4至1000nm之间的氧化硅粒子。所述的组合物在此含有0.01至2.0重量%,优选0.2至1.5重量%的一种或多种引发剂,2至20重量%,优选3至15重量%的一种或多种发泡剂,0.2至10重量%,优选0.5至8重量%的具有的直径在4至1000nm,优选在5至500nm之间的氧化硅粒子,和70至97.79重量%,优选75至97.8重量%的聚合物形成性混合物,其中所述聚合物形成性混合物在最少75摩尔%程度上由甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和/或MMA重复单元组成,并且可以在0至80重量%的程度,优选在0至50重量%的程度上作为聚合物和/或低聚物存在。将这种组合物初始在20℃至100℃之间,优选30℃至70℃之间的温度下聚合,和随后在130℃至250℃之间,优选150℃至230℃之间的温度下发泡。除了所述的组分外,所述组合物还可含有最高至27.79重量%的另外的组分。这些另外的组分的实例特别是与含有MMA的聚合物不同的另外的聚合物组分,UV稳定剂,填料和颜料。
所述氧化硅粒子优选是SiO2粒子。然而,还可能的是,这些粒子不精确地具有1:2的化学计量。因此,对于非常小的粒子,特别可以存在最高至30%的与所述化学计量的偏差。还可能的是,最高至20%的硅被其它金属离子(例如铝)替代。为了本发明的目的重要的只有,硅对氧的化学计量比例在0.7至1.3:2之间,和在所述粒子中非氧原子的至少80摩尔%是硅。然而,也可以使用其它成核剂,例如滑石、层状硅酸盐、石墨烯、氧化石墨、Al2O3、不混溶的或在单体混合物中不能溶解的聚合物粒子和类似物。当即使在没有成核剂的情况下所述孔尺寸也在所述范围内时,可以省略所述成核剂。
所述聚合物形成性混合物除了MMA外还可包含最高至25重量%的另外的组分。这些另外的组分可以是可与MMA共聚的单体、链转移剂(Regler)和/或交联剂。在此,所述MMA和所述可共聚单体可完全以单体形式使用。所述聚合物形成性组合物可特别含有最高至0.5重量%的交联剂和/或最高至1.5重量%的链转移剂。
然而,在本发明的一个可更好操作的实施方案中,还可能的是,MMA和所述可共聚单体以最高至80重量%,优选不超过50重量%的比例以聚合物和/或低聚物的形式存在。这样的由单体和聚合物/低聚物组成的浆料的优点是,其具有比纯的单体混合物更高的粘度,并且因此在聚合中释放的总能量更低。
所述可与MMA共聚的单体可特别是丙烯酸酯,例如特别是丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯或丙烯酸正丁酯。丙烯酸酯的共聚特别在高的发泡温度下额外稳定化所述泡沫,因为这些发泡温度可能高于纯MMA的上限(Ceiling)温度。当没有引入稳定作用的共聚单体时,较短的发泡时间或相应较低的发泡温度是优选的。
合适的共聚单体的另外的实例是(甲基)丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸酯,例如甲基丙烯酸乙酯,甲基丙烯酸丙酯,甲基丙烯酸正丁酯,(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯,(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯,苯乙烯,(甲基)丙烯酰胺,在烷基基团中具有1至12个碳原子的N-烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,在烷基基团具有1至4个碳原子的(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯,聚醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其中所述聚醚可具有在200至5000之间的分子量。这些共聚单体在此还可以采取的形式是这些共聚单体中的至少两种的混合物。当这些共聚单体是(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯和/或(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯时,它们在总组成中的比例可总共不超过3重量%。如果使用交联剂,则所述交联剂优选是二-、三-或四(甲基)丙烯酸酯,(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯,氰脲酸三烯丙酯,异氰脲酸三烯丙酯或是含有这些交联剂中的至少两种的混合物。
此处术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”意思既指甲基丙烯酸酯(例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯等)又指丙烯酸酯(例如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯等),以及二者的混合物。
如果使用链转移剂,则所述链转移剂优选是具有1至5个硫醇基团的化合物、γ-萜品烯或这些链转移剂中的至少两种的混合物。所述链转移剂特别优选是季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯、2-巯基乙醇、具有2至12个碳原子的烷基硫醇,巯基乙酸巯基乙酸酯、γ-萜品烯或这些链转移剂中的至少两种的混合物。
本发明的一个特别重要的方面是在待被发泡的组合物中使用成核剂。在PMMA泡沫的制备中使用成核剂相对于现有技术而言是新的,并且令人惊奇地导致所获得的PMMA泡沫具有特别小且均匀的以及均匀分布的孔。因此获得的细多孔性对于多种应用是非常重要的。在隔绝应用中,对于相同的密度和相同的泡孔气体,隔绝效果通常随着泡沫的孔尺寸的降低而增加。在其中向泡沫芯上施加树脂浸渍的覆盖层的轻质构造应用中,所述泡沫芯的树脂吸收性低对于节约重量是重要的。为此目的使用的闭孔泡沫的孔越细,则可吸收树脂的量就越小。
已经令人惊奇地发现,与基于没有成核剂的基础配方的泡沫相比,在使用氧化硅粒子的情况下可实现显著更细孔的泡沫。例如采用AEROSIL OX50(得自EVONIK IndustriesAG公司)可获得非常细孔的泡沫。另外还令人惊奇地发现,采用其它的、可能也具有成核作用的添加剂(例如滑石粉)没有实现这样的效果。相反,通过使用滑石,使得发泡过程更困难,并且获得的泡沫是非常不均匀的。使用Al2O3粒子(AEROXIDE ALU C,得自EVONIKIndustries AG公司)同样不产生任何成功结果,因为此处发泡是不可能的。这说明,仅仅在本文中示出的制备PMMA泡沫的方法中引入任意粒子并不在希望的程度上导致孔细化,而是令人惊奇地首先仅氧化硅粒子看起来对此是合适的。
另外,根据本发明制备的PMMA泡沫还具有令人惊奇地高的强度以及同时令人惊奇地低的脆性,并且因此可例如在轻质构造中应用。另外,由于所述材料的良好性能,可避免使用增塑剂,例如相对长链的烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯或邻苯二甲酸酯,其根据目前为止的认识对流动性和/或发泡性具有有利作用,但同时对所述PMMA泡沫的机械性能(特别是强度)具有不利影响。
特别合适的发泡剂是叔丁醇、正庚烷、MTBE、甲基乙基酮、具有1至4个碳原子的醇、水、甲缩醛、脲、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯和/或(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯。在此,当使用(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯和/或(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯时,它们同时是所述单体组合物的组成部分,并且初始完全或部分地聚合到在聚合过程中形成的聚合物中。在发泡的过程中,然后在分别消除在所述聚合物中的丙烯和异丁烯的情况下形成(甲基)丙烯酸重复单元。在特定的实施方案中也可使用由大比例的这些单体或完全由这些单体制备的聚合物。通过使用这些可聚合的和/或已聚合的、释放发泡剂的共聚单体,例如可以获得特别小且规则的孔。
特别合适的发泡剂是(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯、叔丁醇、异丙醇、叔丁基甲基醚和聚((甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯)。
所述聚合优选在成型用容器中进行,特别以在两个板(例如玻璃板)之间的隔室聚合的形式。在此,例如在最简单的情况下,其可是矩形槽。通过在这样的槽中的聚合随后获得板,其厚度由所述槽的填充水平和/或所述板的间距决定。然而,另外,作为容器,更复杂的形状也是可想到的。所述聚合优选在30至70℃之间的温度下进行。在此可用的引发剂不仅包括通常已知的自由基引发剂,例如过氧化物或偶氮引发剂,而且还包括氧化还原体系或UV引发剂。在此,低于40℃的聚合温度特别适用于这些氧化还原体系和UV引发剂。UV引发剂是通过用合适的UV光照射而进行引发的,而氧化还原引发剂是双组分体系,其通过将所述两种组分和所述单体混合而进行引发。
发泡可随后在相同的容器中进行,其中在这种情况下,体积增加被限制到一个方向,即所述容器的开口侧。然而,已聚合的材料也可在不受限制(freiliegend)的情况下发泡。发泡优选在炉中进行。另选地,也可通过用IR辐射,特别是用波长在0.78至2.20μm之间,优选在1.20至1.40μm之间的IR辐射进行照射而导致发泡。采用微波导致发泡代表了另一个可选项。各种方法(例如IR辐射、微波和/或在炉中加热)的组合也是可想到的。
发泡以及先前进行的聚合都可各自在多个温度阶段中进行。可在聚合中通过随后提高温度而另外提高转化率,以及从而降低残留单体含量。在发泡过程中,可通过逐步提高发泡温度来影响孔分布、孔尺寸和孔数量。
任选地,所述方法还可以通过以下方式实施:仅不完全地进行所述聚合,在这种情况下,优选进行到至少80%的转化率,和在发泡过程中进行最终的完全聚合。这样的方法具有的优点是,在发泡操作开始时残留的单体具有增塑效果,而没有任何增塑化合物保留在成品泡沫中。因此,在这样的实施方案中,所述聚合和所述发泡部分地—在单一的发泡温度下—同时发生。
除了根据本发明的方法外,本发明还提供可例如通过这样的方法制备的PMMA泡沫。在此,这样的PMMA泡沫的特征在于这种泡沫的固体部分含有72至98重量%的包含至少75摩尔%的MMA重复单元的聚合物,和0.2至12.5重量%的氧化硅粒子。所述泡沫另外具有根据DIN EN ISO 1183测量的在25至250kg/m3之间,优选在40至250kg/m3之间的密度,和小于500μm的平均孔尺寸。总体孔尺寸优选小于500μm。
孔尺寸是根据标准ASTM D 3576并采用对该标准的以下改进而测定的:首先观察的不是PMMA泡沫的刀切口,而是其破裂的边缘。另外,考虑到孔是相对小的,不借助于光学显微镜,而是通过扫描电子显微镜测量法进行评价。然而,在此从所获得的照片计算所述孔尺寸是符合标准的。
特别优选以下PMMA泡沫,在该PMMA泡沫中,所述聚合物由MMA、引发剂、一种或多种交联剂和一种或多种链转移剂形成,所述交联剂选自二-、三-或四(甲基)丙烯酸酯,(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、氰脲酸三烯丙酯和/或异氰脲酸三烯丙酯。
所述基于PMMA的泡沫显示出0.01至0.03g/cm2,优选0.02g/cm2的树脂吸收性,这与典型的PET和PVC泡沫形成对比,典型的PET和PVC泡沫的树脂吸收性在0.03-0.06g/cm2范围内,其是根据VARI测量的。
同时,覆盖层粘附也是优异的。这是令人惊奇的,因为相对小的孔和与此相关联的泡沫与经硬化的树脂的潜在更差的“啮合”预计不会导致良好的覆盖层粘附。
已经进一步发现,基于PMMA的泡沫具有比PVC和PET泡沫更高的玻璃化转变温度。根据标准ISO 6721-7通过DMTA测量法测定的基于PMMA的泡沫的玻璃化转变温度为至少110℃,优选至少130℃。这又会使得在硬化工艺过程中的温度较高,因此工艺时间可被缩短,并且因此可实现更加成本有效。已经发现,在夹芯构件的制备中所述树脂的硬化可以在大于110℃,优选大于120℃的温度下实施。这对于常规泡沫而言是不可能的,因为在这些温度下已经发生了分解和/或软化。
在夹芯构件的制备中,所述树脂在>110℃的温度下的硬化是通过模具的加热或辐照进行的。
所述树脂的硬化可以在可电加热的模具中进行,或者使用具有流体(例如水蒸气)流过的模具进行。
所述树脂通过辐照进行的硬化是通过IR辐射或微波进行的。
进一步可能的是,在升高的压力下制备根据本发明的夹芯构件。此处使用压制工艺或高压釜工艺。这包括将织物层放入到模具中,铺放所述泡沫芯和铺放另一个织物层。取决于方法的变化方案,施加≥1巴的压力或真空,并注入或吸入所述树脂。
所述基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫可用于关于重量有特殊要求的夹芯材料中。降低的树脂吸收性导致低的重量,这导致由此制备的夹芯材料特别适合于要求良好复合材料粘附以及低重量的应用。在所用树脂的消耗方面,这进一步导致较低的成本。此外,所研究的PMMA泡沫通过更高的耐热变形性而允许潜在更高的工艺温度,并因此节约了工艺时间。
所述基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫适合用作耐候性隔绝材料,夹芯复合材料的芯材,用在轻质构造中,用作包装材料,用作在碰撞元件中的能量吸收体,用在建筑物构件中,用作在照明技术应用中的散射体,用在家具构造中,用在船舶制造中,用在车辆构造中,用在航空航天工业中或用在模型构造中,特别是用作在风力发电厂中的转子叶片中的芯材。
具体实施方式
实施例
树脂吸收性
使用的材料:
PVC泡沫:得自3A Composites公司,Steinhausen ZG(瑞士)的Airex C70.55
PET泡沫:得自3A Composites公司,Steinhausen ZG(瑞士)的Airex T10.100
PMMA泡沫:得自德国Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH公司的ROHACRYL55
所述芯材的树脂吸收性必须通过VARI(真空辅助树脂灌注)由实验方法测定。为了测量,确定所述样品板的最小尺寸为300×300mm。
在灌注之前,必须将样品尺寸和样品重量调整到±0.01mm和±0.01g的测量精度,以确定样品密度和单位面积重量。由于所述树脂的粘度强烈依赖于温度,因此将测试装置预先加热到30℃以确保恒定条件。通过真空测试来检查所述测试装置的密封性,其中将浇入口和排出口夹住并在30分钟后监控真空损失。
此外,应将所述树脂组分脱气。这是通过在-0.8巴的真空下和在40℃下将树脂和硬化剂抽真空60分钟来实施的。在混合之前,必须将这两种组分冷却到室温,以便反应可以受控方式开始。然后在-0.8巴下和在40℃下对所述树脂体系进行第二次排气10分钟。当所述测试装置的真空测试完成时,可以开始灌注。应当保持所述真空直到所述树脂已经固化。在所述灌注结束后,应当将所述树脂体系在30℃下硬化至少18个小时。
最后,将边缘修整成直角,并去除剥离层片。由干燥的泡沫板和经注入的泡沫板的单位面积重量之间的差得到树脂吸收性。
所获得的树脂吸收性的值显示在下表中:
泡沫 | 树脂吸收性(g/cm<sup>2</sup>) |
PMMA泡沫 | 0.0196 |
PET泡沫 | 0.0591 |
PVC泡沫 | 0.0370 |
覆盖层粘附
根据标准测试滚筒剥离测试(DIN 53295),将具有覆盖层突出物的夹芯板张紧到已知的测试装置中。借助于夹具,在所述突出物处将所述覆盖层夹住,并将其以恒定的机器速度从所述芯材上剥离。记录为此所需的力。其提供了关于覆盖层粘附的信息。
所进行的测试中发生所述泡沫材料破坏。发生内聚破坏而非发生粘合破坏(泡沫芯和覆盖层在粘合剂层(树脂层)内分离)的事实指示了良好的覆盖层粘附的特征。
这证明了覆盖层充分粘附于所述PMMA泡沫芯。
还在另一个测试方法中测量覆盖层粘附。
使用50×50mm测试样品进行接头拉伸测试(ASTM C297)。所述测试样品由泡沫芯、树脂层和在上侧面和下侧面上的覆盖层组成。将所述测试样品张紧到牵拉装置中。以恒定牵拉速度牵拉上面的夹持器。
在所进行的测试中,牵拉直到发生泡沫芯破坏。没有检测到所述覆盖层与所述芯材在所述树脂层处的脱离。
这证明了充分的覆盖层粘附。
测量玻璃化转变温度以估计耐热变形性
Tg值是根据标准ISO 6721-7经由DMTA测量法测定的。测试到以下值:
泡沫 | T<sub>g</sub>(℃) |
PMMA泡沫 | 145 |
PET泡沫 | 80 |
PVC泡沫 | 80 |
在升高的温度下的硬化
向具有覆盖层的泡沫芯注入环氧树脂。在密闭的模具中将材料加热到110℃。通过升高的温度加速交联。
测定到相对短的循环时间。在室温下进行的对比测试中,硬化时间超过24小时。在此,在110℃的温度下,硬化过程能够缩短到20分钟。
Claims (7)
1.制备基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的方法,所述基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫在用于风力发电厂和船舶制造中的夹芯构件中,其具有根据标准ISO 6721-7通过DMTA测量法测定的高于110℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg,所述方法的特征在于将装载有发泡剂的聚合物组合物发泡以提供泡沫材料,该泡沫材料具有根据ASTM D3576测量的在50至300μm范围内的平均孔尺寸。
2.根据权利要求1的制备基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的方法,其特征在于所述泡沫材料的根据VARI测量的树脂吸收性在0.01至0.03g/cm2之间。
3.根据权利要求1的制备基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的方法,其特征在于在制备所述夹芯构件的过程中树脂的硬化是在模具中通过加热或辐射而在>110℃的温度下实施的。
4.根据权利要求3的制备基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的方法,其特征在于所述树脂的硬化是在可电加热模具中进行的。
5.根据权利要求3的制备基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的方法,其特征在于所述树脂的硬化是借助于IR辐射实施的。
6.根据权利要求1至5的制备基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的方法,其特征在于所述泡沫材料具有根据DIN EN ISO 1183测量的30-500kg/m3的密度。
7.根据权利要求1至6制备的在夹芯构件中的基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的硬质泡沫的用途,其特征在于所述泡沫作为芯材用在风力发电厂的转子叶片中或者在船舶制造中,用在轻质构造中,用作包装材料,用作在碰撞元件中的能量吸收体,用在建筑物构件中,用作在照明技术应用中的散射体,用在家具构造中,用在车辆构造中,用在航空航天工业中,或者用在模型构造中。
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