TW202111173A - 含有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管 - Google Patents

含有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW202111173A
TW202111173A TW109123882A TW109123882A TW202111173A TW 202111173 A TW202111173 A TW 202111173A TW 109123882 A TW109123882 A TW 109123882A TW 109123882 A TW109123882 A TW 109123882A TW 202111173 A TW202111173 A TW 202111173A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
melting point
polyester fiber
low melting
polyester
sound
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TW109123882A
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English (en)
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TWI764202B (zh
Inventor
申鉉昱
李敏成
崔載民
金成烈
朴成崙
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南韓商匯維仕股份公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本發明涉及一種含有具有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管,其包含:下層不織布及上層不織布,兩者將線夾在其間;以及薄膜,其由具有低熔點聚酯樹脂製成,並置於該上層不織布上,其中該下層不織布及該上層不織布各者包括第一聚酯纖維及第二聚酯纖維之間的混合物,該第一聚酯纖維含有具有高於250℃的熔點的聚酯樹脂,該第二聚酯纖維含有具有低熔點且具有100℃至150℃的軟化點的聚酯樹脂,其中該第二聚酯纖維包括具有由以下構成的低熔點的聚酯樹脂:酸成分,其包括對苯二甲酸或其成酯衍生物;及二醇成分,其包括2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇及乙二醇。

Description

含有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管
本發明涉及一種含有具有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管。更具體地,本發明涉及一種含有具有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管,其中該風管是由聚酯基樹脂製成而因此易於回收且易於使用低熔點的纖維製造。 〔相關申請的交叉引用〕
本申請案要求在2019年8月30日向韓國智慧財產局提交的韓國申請案10-2019-0106956號的權利,其揭示內容藉由引用合併於此。
一種用於向汽車引擎供應吸入空氣的進氣系統,其包括:作為抽吸外部空氣路徑的風管,用於淨化引入風管中空氣的空氣濾清器2,以及與穩壓槽連接的進氣歧管。用於減少從引擎產生的噪音的共振器等會安裝在風管中。
一種用於減少由進氣系統從引擎等排出的聲音的方法,其包括一種藉由在風管中安裝共振器以減小特定頻率的引擎排放噪音的方法,以及一種採用風管作為由塑膠材料製成的多孔管或聲管的方法。
典型的吸音風管可使用具有許多孔及各種孔徑的不織布,以減少由空氣流動引起的噪音及引擎中產生的脈動噪音。
不同於典型的基於塑膠的吸音管,在基於不織布材料的吸音風管中,吸音風管本身被賦予了吸音性能。基於不織布材料的吸音風管是使用各種合成樹脂製造,諸如聚氯乙烯(PVC)樹脂、聚胺甲酸酯(PU)樹脂及聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)樹脂。
在一個實施例中,韓國專利號第1417458號涉及一種車用吸音風管,且更具體地,涉及一種藉由簡化在不織布上黏合聚胺甲酸酯膜的方法而製造的車用吸音風管,從而可改善進氣系統的吸音性能。因此,車用吸音風管及其製造方法不僅能易於吸收由引擎產生的排放噪音及由氣流引起的噪音,且還能藉由將整合膜構件的不織布、尼龍線及熱熔體纏繞到風管中而易於阻擋諸如水或灰塵的異物,其中在薄膜構件上塗佈接著劑之後,藉由將不織布整合及緊密結合在薄膜構件上以形成整合膜構件的不織布。
在使用如上所述的各種合成樹脂製造的典型吸音風管中,在焚燒聚氯乙烯(PVC)樹脂及聚胺甲酸酯(PU)樹脂時會釋放出揮發性有機化合物(VOC)。由於材料之間的分離是不可能的,因此不可能進行回收。
為了解決如上所述現有技術的問題而完成本發明。本發明的目的是提供一種含有具有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管,其中構成吸音風管的成分由聚酯基樹脂製成,以便於回收。
此外,本發明的目的是提供一種車用吸音風管,其含有具有低熔點的聚酯纖維,其中該風管由薄膜及由聚酯製成的纖維構成,該聚酯具有低熔點及改進的熱黏附性與耐熱性,使得風管的成分之間的黏附無須單獨的黏附材料,從而提高生產能力。
本發明的一個態樣提供一種含有具有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管,該風管包含:下層不織布及上層不織布,兩者將線夾在其間;以及薄膜,其由具有低熔點聚酯樹脂製成的,並置於該上層不織布上,其中該下層不織布及該上層不織布各者包括第一聚酯纖維及第二聚酯纖維之間的混合物,該第一聚酯纖維含有具有高於250℃的熔點的聚酯樹脂,該第二聚酯纖維含有具有低熔點且具有100℃至150℃的軟化點的聚酯樹脂,其中該第二聚酯纖維包括具有由以下構成的低熔點的聚酯樹脂:酸成分,其包括對苯二甲酸或其成酯衍生物;及二醇成分,其包括2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇及乙二醇。
在一個具體實例中,提供了一種含有具有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管,其中該第一聚酯纖維及/或該第二聚酯纖維包括具有50至80%的圓度的變形截面的纖維。
在一個具體實例中,該第一聚酯纖維及/或該第二聚酯纖維包括中空纖維。
在一個具體實例中,用作黏合劑的該第二聚酯纖維具有芯及包圍該芯的鞘,其中該芯由一般聚酯樹脂製成,而該鞘由具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂製成。
在一個具體實例中,構成該第二聚酯纖維的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂中的2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量以該等二醇成分的總含量計為0.01至5 mol%。
在一個具體實例中,構成該第二聚酯纖維的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂在220℃下的熔融黏度與在260℃下的熔融黏度之間的差為600泊或以下。
在一個具體實例中,黏附層進一步設置在該下層不織布與該上層不織布之間,其中該黏附層含有90%或以上的具有低熔點的聚酯纖維。
在一個具體實例中,構成該接著層的具有低熔點的該聚酯纖維與構成該第二聚酯纖維的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂相同。
在一個具體實例中,構成該薄膜的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂與構成該第二聚酯纖維的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂相同。
本發明可實現含有具有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管,其中該管由聚酯基樹脂製成以便於回收。
此外,本發明可實現提供一種車用吸音風管,其含有具有低熔點的聚酯纖維,其中該風管由薄膜及由聚酯製成的纖維構成,該聚酯具有低熔點及改進的熱黏附性與耐熱性,使得風管的成分之間的黏附無須單獨的黏附材料,從而提高生產能力。
在下文中,將參照本發明中的附圖詳細描述本發明的一個較佳具體實例。首先,應注意的是,在圖式中,相同成分或部分會以相同附圖標記表示。在描述本發明時,會省略相關的已知功能或成分的詳細描述,以免模糊本發明的要旨。
如本文中所使用的,「基本上」、「大約」等詞及類似用語是用作近似用語而非程度用語,且意在說明本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將認識到的測量值或計算值的固有偏差。
圖1是示出根據本發明的車用吸音風管的一個具體實例的截面視圖。圖2是示出根據本發明的車用吸音風管的另一個具體實例的截面視圖。
如圖1所示,含有具有低熔點的聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管包括:下層不織布110及上層不織布130,兩者將線150夾在其間;以及薄膜170,其由具有低熔點聚酯樹脂製成,並置於該上層不織布130上。
在這方面,下層不織布110及上層不織布130各者包括第一聚酯纖維及第二聚酯纖維之間的混合物,該第一聚酯纖維含有具有高於250℃的熔點的聚酯樹脂,該第二聚酯纖維含有具有低熔點且具有100℃至150℃的軟化點的聚酯樹脂。
該第一聚酯纖維可包括由對苯二甲酸或其成酯衍生物及乙二醇(EG)所構成的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。或者,該第一聚酯纖維可包括共聚聚酯樹脂,其具有與其共聚以發揮功能的功能性化合物。
應注意的是,具有熔點高於250℃的聚酯樹脂可以是任何具有高熔點的聚酯樹脂。
第二聚酯纖維可由具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂製成,該聚酯樹脂由包括對苯二甲酸或其成酯衍生物的酸成分及包括2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇及乙二醇(EG)的二醇成分。
該第二聚酯纖維可藉由單獨將具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂紡絲而形成。或者,該第二聚酯纖維可包括鞘芯結構複合纖維,其具有由一般聚酯樹脂製成的芯及由具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂製成的鞘,以改善該第二聚酯纖維的物理性能。
當該第二聚酯纖維包括鞘芯結構複合纖維時,可使用任何聚酯樹脂作為形成芯的一般聚酯樹脂。然而,較佳形成芯的聚酯樹脂可包括由對苯二甲酸及乙二醇構成的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。該鞘可由具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂製成。
在根據本發明使用的具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂的2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇中,甲基鍵結至第二碳以促進聚合物主鏈的旋轉,且其作用類似於聚合物的末端,因此擴大了主鏈之間的自由空間,從而增加了整個分子鏈的流動性。這使聚合物無定形,並因此使二醇成分具有與間苯二甲酸相同的熱性能。聚合物主鏈中存在的柔性分子鏈提高了彈性,並因此在使不織布彼此黏合時扮演了改善撕裂性的角色。
也就是說,2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇含有作為甲基(-CH3 )作為與對苯二甲酸酯鍵結的乙烯鏈結合的側鏈,從而確保允許聚合樹脂的主鏈旋轉的空間,因此引起主鏈自由度的增加及樹脂結晶度的降低,以控制軟化點(Ts)及/或玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)。這可表現出與使用含有不對稱芳環的間苯二甲酸(IPA)以降低典型結晶聚酯樹脂的結晶度所獲得的相同效果。
如同2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇一樣,2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇具有與第二碳鍵結的甲基,以促進聚合物主鏈的旋轉並賦予聚酯樹脂低熔點特性。2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的分子鏈比2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇的分子鏈長,從而增加了聚酯樹脂的熔融黏度,同時防止了熔融黏度在高溫下迅速降低。
在具有上述二醇成分的本發明的低熔點聚酯樹脂中,為了實現低熔點性能並提高黏附性,2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇的含量以具有低融點的聚酯樹脂的二醇成分的總含量計較佳為20至50 mol%。
當2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量以二醇成分的總含量計小於0.01 mol%時,可忽略提高熔融黏度的效果。當2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量以二醇成分的總含量計大於5 mol%時,熔體黏度可迅速增加且紡絲加工性可能降低。因此,2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量以二醇成分的總含量計,可較佳為0.01至5 mol%。
2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量以二醇成分的總含量計,可最佳為0.05至2 mol%。
含有2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂在220℃下的熔融黏度與在260℃下的熔融黏度之間的差為600泊或以下,從而在高溫下熔融黏度不會迅速降低。
具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂在220℃下的熔融黏度與260℃下的熔融黏度之差越小越佳。該差更佳可小於或等於500泊。
當該第二聚酯纖維包括具有由低熔點的聚酯樹脂構成的鞘的鞘芯結構複合纖維時,構成該芯的一般聚酯樹脂在280℃下的熔融黏度可為2,000至4,000泊,且該鞘的聚酯樹脂在260℃下的熔體黏度可較佳為500至1400泊,以確保複合纖維在紡絲期間的可紡性。
當該芯的一般聚酯樹脂的熔融黏度太高時,紡絲加工性可能劣化,從而導致斷絲(cutting)。當該芯的熔融黏度低於該鞘聚酯樹脂的熔融黏度時,複合纖維的形態穩定性可能劣化。也就是說,該鞘芯結構的截面可能不成型。因此,芯的一般聚酯樹脂在280℃下的熔體黏度較佳為2,000至4,000泊。
當構成該鞘的具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂的熔融黏度太高時,該複合纖維的形態穩定性可能劣化。當該鞘的熔融黏度太低時,可能會發生截面不均勻、彎曲及斷絲。因此,該鞘聚酯樹脂的熔體黏度較佳為260℃下600至1,500泊。260℃下時的熔融黏度較佳為700泊或以上。
有利的是,形成該芯的一般聚酯樹脂的熔融黏度與形成該鞘的聚酯樹脂的熔融黏度之間的差在預定範圍內,以提高該複合纖維的形態穩定性及紡絲加工性。形成該芯的一般聚酯樹脂在280℃下的熔融黏度與形成該鞘的聚酯樹脂在260℃下的熔融黏度之差較佳為700至2,500泊,更佳為1,000至2,000泊。
如上所述含有2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇及2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的根據本發明的低熔點聚酯樹脂具有100℃至150℃的軟化溫度,且玻璃轉移溫度為50℃至90℃,固有黏度為0.50 dl/g或更高。因此,該聚酯樹脂具有優異的物理性能。
該第一聚酯纖維,或該第二聚酯纖維,或該第一聚酯纖維及該第二聚酯纖維可包括具有變形截面的纖維,其具有50至80%的圓度以增加吸音能力。
該第一聚酯纖維或/及該第二聚酯纖維可包括任何具有變形截面的纖維,其具有50至80%的圓度,且可較佳包括具有3至8個葉片的變形截面的纖維。為了提高生產率,最理想為變形截面具有4個葉片(十字形)或5或6個葉片(星形)。
此外,該第一聚酯纖維或該第二聚酯纖維,或該第一聚酯纖維及該第二聚酯纖維可包括中空纖維,以增加吸音能力。
該第一聚酯纖維及該第二聚酯纖維可具有可根據風管尺寸調節的細度及纖維長度。該細度及該纖維長度可分別為0.5至6丹尼及5至100 mm。
下層不織布及上層不織布各者由該第一聚酯纖維及該第二聚酯纖維的混合物製成,使得該第一聚酯纖維及該第二聚酯纖維彼此部分熔融。在經由熱成型形成纖維層的方法中,可經由施加壓力及/或熱實現纖維彼此部分熔融的形式。
該第一聚酯纖維及該第二聚酯纖維較佳以2:8至8:2的重量比彼此混合。當該第二聚酯纖維的含量低時,纖維之間的部分熔融變弱,從而可能降低形態穩定性。當該第二聚酯纖維的含量高時,諸如不織布的強度等的物理性能可能劣化。
下層不織布及上層不織布各者可藉由形成纖維層,其中該第一聚酯纖維及該第二聚酯纖維彼此均勻混合,且在100至200℃下熱成型該纖維層以使纖維之間的部分熔融形成特定形狀而形成。
該下層不織布及該上層不織布可經由熱黏合方法彼此黏合,而同時將線夾在其間。在這方面,由於黏附性可能由於線而劣化,因此可藉由在該下層不織布及該上層不織布之間設置黏附層190以提高該下層不織布及該上層不織布之間的黏附性,如圖2所示。
黏附層190可包括薄的不織布,其含有90%或更多的具有低熔點的聚酯纖維。在這方面,具有低熔點的聚酯纖維可較佳與第二聚酯纖維相同。
線150保持風管的形狀,且可包括由聚醯胺基樹脂製成的線或由聚酯基樹脂製成的線。根據本發明,線最好可包括由聚酯基樹脂製成的線以增加可回收性。
薄膜170附接到上層不織布130,以阻止異物侵入風管。薄膜170最好由具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂製成,以適合於在不使用黏附劑的情況下熱接合至上層不織布130。
形成薄膜170的具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂可較佳為包含在該第二聚酯纖維中的具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂。
如上所述,根據本發明的含有具有低熔點的聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管,其包括下層不織布110、線150、上層不織布130及薄膜170,可藉由以下製造:將上層不織布130、線150及下層不織布110依序堆疊在薄膜170上,並接著經由熱壓縮方法使各成分彼此附著。
為了提高生產率,在將下層不織布110及上層不織布130堆疊載薄膜170上之前,可經由針刺法固定下層不織布110及上層不織布130各者的形狀。
另外,在下層不織布110與上層不織布130之間包含黏附層190的情況下,可將黏附層190堆疊在上層不織布130上,或可將黏附層190堆疊在線150上,使得黏附層190設置在下層不織布110與上層不織布130之間。
如此一來,本發明可實現一種車用吸音風管,其含有具有低熔點的聚酯纖維,其中該風管包括不織布,以吸收引擎產生的聲音或由氣流引起的噪音。該風管的大部分成分由聚酯基樹脂製成,而易於回收。
此外,以這種方式,本發明可實現提供一種車用吸音風管,其含有具有低熔點的聚酯纖維,其中該風管由薄膜及由聚酯製成的纖維構成,該聚酯具有低熔點及改進的熱黏附性與耐熱性,使得管的成分之間的黏附無須單獨的黏附材料,從而提高生產能力。
在下文中,闡述了根據本發明的用於製造含有具有低熔點的聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管的方法的實施例。然而,本發明並不限於實施例。
第二聚酯纖維的生產
製備實施例 1 6
使用在280℃下熔融黏度為約2,300泊的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯作為該芯。該鞘由具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂製成。因此,根據本發明的用作具有改善可加工性的黏附劑的聚酯纖維是經由一般複合紡絲方法生產,其中該鞘及該芯的重量比為50:50。
低熔點聚酯樹脂的製造方法如下:將對苯二甲酸(TPA)及乙二醇(EG)加入酯反應槽中,在258℃下進行典型的聚合反應,從而以約96%的反應速率生產聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯聚合物(PET寡聚物)。以二醇成分的總含量計,2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇以約42 mol%的含量添加至所生產的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。將2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇以下表1中所示的含量添加到所生產的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)中。在向其中添加酯交換反應催化劑的同時,在250±2℃下進行轉酯反應。其後,將縮聚反應催化劑添加至所獲得的反應混合物中。接著,進行縮聚反應,同時將反應槽中的最終溫度及壓力分別調節為280±2℃及0.1 mmHg。
比較製備實施例 1
如製備實施例1般,將聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯用作芯。構成鞘的具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂使用對苯二甲酸(66.5 mol%)及間苯二甲酸(33.5 mol%)作為酸成分,且使用二乙二醇(10.5 mol%)及乙二醇(89.5 mol%)作為二醇成分。
比較製備實施例 2
如製備實施例1般,將聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯用作芯。構成鞘的低熔點聚酯樹脂使用對苯二甲酸作為酸成分,且使用2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇(42.5 mol%)及乙二醇(57.5 mol%)作為二醇成分。[ 1]
實施例 軟化點 (℃) Tg (℃) IV (dl/g) 2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇 (mol%) 熔體黏度
220℃ 240℃ 260℃
製備實施例1 122 60.9 0.561 0.1 1254 1019 783
製備實施例2 119 61.8 0.562 0.5 1314 1078 864
製備實施例3 120 61.9 0.562 1.0 1528 1387 1196
製備實施例4 123 63.5 0.562 2.0 2271 1739 1444
製備實施例5 123 64.8 0.563 3.5 2833 2571 2213
製備實施例6 126 67.3 0.561 5.0 3341 3041 2733
比較製備實施例1 113 56.8 0.563 0 1011 739 467
比較製備實施例2 121 61.5 0.561 0 1197 992 664
如表1所示,可看出熔融黏度隨著2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量增加而增加。可看出製備實施例1至6的所有熔體黏度在260℃下在高溫下均保持在大於或等於700泊的高熔體黏度下。此外,可看出在以二醇成分的總含量計為0.5至2mol%的2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的製備實施例2至4中,在220℃下的熔融黏度與260℃下的熔體黏度之間的差為300至500泊,這分別低於比較實施例1及2中的差的684及674泊。
此外,可看出如製備實施例5及6所示,其中以二醇成分的總含量計,2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量為3 mol%或更高,在260℃下的熔融黏度迅速增加到等於或大於2,000泊的值。
製備實施例及比較製備實施例的纖維的物理性能的測量
測量了製備實施例及比較製備實施例中製備的具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂及用於黏附劑的聚酯纖維的物理性能,其結果示於表1及表2中。
(1)軟化點(或熔點)及玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)的測量
使用示差掃描卡計(Perkin Elmer,DSC-7)測量共聚聚酯樹脂的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)。使用動態機械分析儀(DMA-7,Perkin Elmer)以TMA模式測量軟化行為。
(2)固有黏度(IV)測量
在將聚酯樹脂以0.5重量%的濃度溶解在其中苯酚及四氯乙烷以1:1的重量比相互混合的溶液之後,使用烏氏黏度計在35℃下測量其固有黏度(IV)。
(3)熔融黏度測定
在測量溫度下使聚酯樹脂熔融之後,使用來自Rheometric Scientific公司的RDA-III測量熔融黏度。具體地,在設定溫度下在掃頻條件下將頻率設置為從初始頻率= 1.0 rad/s到最終頻率= 500.0 rad/s,而計算出100 rad/s的值作為熔體黏度。
(4)壓縮硬度測量
將5 g的聚酯纖維鋪展並在直徑為10 cm的圓形模製框架中堆疊至5 cm的高度,接著在設定溫度下彼此熱黏附90秒以製造圓柱形製品。使用Instron將經製造的模製品壓縮75%以測量施加於壓縮的負荷。根據負荷測量壓縮硬度。在此實驗中,將熱黏附溫度分別設置為140℃、150℃及160℃,且藉由在每個設定溫度下進行熱黏附測量壓縮硬度。
(5)紡絲產率(%,24 hr)測量
測量24小時使用的聚酯樹脂的量及紡絲纖維的量,並接著根據下式計算紡絲產率:
紡絲產率(%)=(紡絲量(kg)/使用的PET樹脂量(kg))×100
(6)在室溫下及高溫下的黏附性測量
藉由熱熔融根據實施例及比較實施例的聚酯纖維製備密度為2 g/100cm2 的不織布。根據ASTM D1424,在25±0.5℃(室溫)下及100±0.5℃(高溫)下測量每種經製備的不織布的黏附性。
(7)高溫收縮率的測定
將用於黏附劑的聚酯纖維形成短纖維,接著對其進行梳理,從而製成圓柱形產物。將產物在170℃加熱3分鐘後,測量減少的體積。原始體積為330 cm3 。可估計的是,隨著體積減少,形態穩定性會不好。當體積減少到250 cm3 以下時,形態穩定性會劣化。當體積減少到280 cm3 以下時,形態穩定性優異。[ 2]
實施例 壓縮硬度(kgf) 紡絲產率 黏附性 形態穩定性
140℃ 150℃ 160℃ (%, 24 hr) 室溫下的黏附性 [kgf] 高溫下的黏附性 [kgf] 高溫收縮性 [㎤]
 實施例1 0.55 0.72 0.98 98.5 56.2 4.1 268
實施例2 0.57 0.79 1.07 99.2 57.4 4.3 271
實施例3 0.62 0.88 1.21 99.3 57.3 4.7 275
實施例4 0.61 1.24 1.36 99.5 58.1 4.9 281
實施例5 0.73 1.39 1.55 95.6 58.3 5.1 274
實施例6 0.76 1.54 1.86 91.3 57.2 5.2 271
比較實施例1 0.41 0.57 0.74 97.8 55.3 3.2 254
比較實施例2 0.52 0.73 0.91 98.1 55.7 3.9 260
壓縮硬度越高,則模塑製品的纖維之間的熱黏附性越好。如表2所示,根據本發明的製備實施例1至6作為具有低熔點的聚酯纖維,與比較製備實施1及2相比具有更高的壓縮硬度,並因此具有優異的熱黏附能力。根據實施例1至6及比較實施例的低熔點聚酯樹脂具有55 kfg或以上優異的室溫黏附性。可看出根據本發明的實施例1至6,與比較實施例1及2相比具有更好的黏附性。特別地,在製備實施例1至6中,高溫黏附性優於比較實施例。根據本發明的實施例具有4.1至5.2 kgf的高溫黏附性,而比較製備實施例具有3.2及3.9 kgf的高溫黏附性。因此,可看出根據本發明的實施例具有優異的高溫黏附性。
此外,所有製備實施例1至6及比較實施例均表現出260 cm3 或更高的良好程度的高溫收縮性。可看出就高溫收縮性而言,製備實施例1至6優於比較製備實施例1及2。
另外,在220℃下的熔融黏度與260℃下的熔融黏度之間的差小的製備實施例2至4中,紡絲產率更高。因此,可看出根據本發明的具有低熔點的聚酯纖維具有優異的加工性,且由於高加工性而因此改善了熱黏附能力。
特別地,以二醇成分的總含量計,含有0.5至2.0 mol%的2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的製備實施例2至4的紡絲產率為99%或以上,且具有優異的室溫黏附性及高溫黏附性,並具有優異的高溫收縮性。因此,以二醇成分的總含量計,較佳2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量為0.5 mol%至2.0 mol%。
車用吸音風管的製造
實施例 1 5
使用如上所述製備實施例3的低熔點的聚酯樹脂形成薄膜。對於下層不織布及上層不織布而言,第一聚酯纖維使用具有六葉截面(68%的圓度)的纖維,且由熔點為約265℃的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯製成。第二聚酯纖維使用由製備例3的低熔點的聚酯纖維製成的中空纖維。線由聚酯基纖維製成。
對於下層不織布及上層不織布而言,第一聚酯纖維具有1.4丹尼的細度及6mm的纖維長度。第二聚酯纖維具有2丹尼的細度為及6 mm的纖維長度。將30重量%的第一聚酯纖維及70重量%的第二聚酯纖維彼此混合,並接著使用針刺法將混合物形成不織布形式。因此,製備了下層不織布及上層不織布。
藉由在薄膜上依次層壓上層不織布、線及下層不織布,接著經由熱壓縮方法將各成分彼此附著,而製造車用吸音風管。
實施例 2
除了使用具有四葉截面(74%的圓度)的纖維作為第一聚酯纖維以外,以與上述實施例1相同的方式製造風管。
實施例 3
除了使用圓形截面纖維作為第二聚酯纖維以外,以與上述實施例1相同的方式製造風管。
實施例 4
除了使用具有圓形截面(100%的圓度)的纖維作為第一聚酯纖維以外,以與上述實施例1相同的方式製造風管。
實施例 5
除了使用具有圓形截面(100%的圓度)的纖維作為第一聚酯纖維,且使用具有圓形截面的纖維作為第二聚酯纖維之外,以與上述實施例1相同的方式製造風管。
比較實施例
薄膜由聚胺甲酸酯基樹脂製成的PU薄膜製成,線由尼龍製成,下層不織布及上層不織布僅使用由熔點約為265℃的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯製成的圓形截面纖維製成。如此一來,使用針刺法製造不織布。
接著,將線、PET熱熔體及上層不織布依次堆疊在下層不織布上,且接著經由熱壓黏附方法將PET熱熔體熔融,以將下層不織布及上層不織布彼此黏附。接著,將黏附劑施加到附著於PU薄膜的上層不織布上以生產車用吸音風管。
實施例及比較實施例的黏附性及吸音能力評估
表3示出如上製造的實施例1至5及比較實施例的黏附性及吸音能力。
室溫及高溫黏附性的測量
為了測量上層不織布及下層不織布的黏附性,根據ASTM D1424,將實施例及比較實施例的車用吸音風管各者按照25±0.5℃(室溫)黏附性及100±0.5(高溫)黏附性進行測量。
經由混響室法測量吸音能力
使用符合ISO 354的裝置(KS F 2805:混響室內測量吸音能力的方法),對實施例及比較實施例的車用吸音風管各者的吸音能力進行測量。試件的尺寸為1.0 m×1.2 m。混響持續時間經設置成使得初始聲壓相比衰減至20 dB。聲源是1/3倍頻帶的聲源。在0.8至8 kHz的頻率範圍內測量吸音能力。
圓度:纖維截面的外接圓與內切圓的面積比
圓度(%)=內切圓面積(B)/外接圓面積(A)×100
Figure 02_image001
圓度越小,則截面變形越高。[ 3]
實施例 實施例1 實施例2 實施例3 實施例4 實施例5 比較實施例
黏附性 (kfg) 室溫下的黏附性 66 65 62 63 63 62
高溫黏附性 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.2
頻率 (kHz) 0.8 0.96 0.93 0.93 0.88 0.82 0.91
1.0 0.91 0.87 0.88 0.86 0.81 0.89
1.25 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.80 0.86
1.6 0.86 0.84 0.81 0.82 0.74 0.83
2.0 0.86 0.82 0.80 0.81 0.66 0.82
2.5 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.78 0.62 0.81
3.15 0.83 0.78 0.76 0.72 0.58 0.80
4.0 0.82 0.77 0.76 0.73 0.57 0.79
5.0 0.80 0.77 0.75 0.73 0.51 0.78
6.3 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.51 0.76
8.0 0.79 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.53 0.74
                    
如表3所示,可看出根據本發明的其中下層織物及上層織物由含有聚酯纖維的不織布製成的實施例1至5各者在室溫下及高溫下的黏附性與其中上層織物及下層織物使用PET熱熔體彼此黏附的比較實施例在室溫下及高溫下的黏附性相似,因此含有低熔點的聚酯纖維的不織布之間的黏附性是優異的。
此外,可看出使用由具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂製成的薄膜的實施例1至5具有比使用PU薄膜的比較實施例更高的吸音效果。此外,可看出當形成不織布的纖維的截面為4或6葉變形截面或為中空時,吸音能力得到改善。
110:下層不織布 130:上層不織布 150:線 170:薄膜 190:黏附層
[圖1]是示出根據本發明的車用吸音風管的一個具體實例的截面視圖。 [圖2]是示出根據本發明的車用吸音風管的另一個具體實例的截面視圖。
110:下層不織布
130:上層不織布
150:線
170:薄膜

Claims (9)

  1. 一種含有具有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管,該管包含: 下層不織布及上層不織布,兩者將線夾在其間;以及 薄膜,其由具有低熔點聚酯樹脂製成,並置於該上層不織布上, 其中該下層不織布及該上層不織布各者包括第一聚酯纖維及第二聚酯纖維之間的混合物,該第一聚酯纖維含有具有高於250℃的熔點的聚酯樹脂,該第二聚酯纖維含有具有低熔點且具有100℃至150℃的軟化點的聚酯樹脂, 其中該第二聚酯纖維包括具有由以下構成的低熔點的聚酯樹脂: 酸成分,其包括對苯二甲酸或其成酯衍生物;及 二醇成分,其包括2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇及乙二醇。
  2. 如請求項1之吸音風管,其中該第一聚酯纖維及/或該第二聚酯纖維包括具有50至80%的圓度的變形截面的纖維。
  3. 如請求項1之吸音風管,其中該第一聚酯纖維及/或該第二聚酯纖維包括中空纖維。
  4. 如請求項1之吸音風管,其中用作黏合劑的該第二聚酯纖維具有芯及包圍該芯的鞘, 其中該芯由一般聚酯樹脂製成,而該鞘由具有低熔點的聚酯樹脂製成。
  5. 如請求項1之吸音風管,其中構成該第二聚酯纖維的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂中的2-甲基-1,3-戊二醇的含量以該等二醇成分的總含量計為0.01至5 mol%。
  6. 如請求項1之吸音風管,其中構成該第二聚酯纖維的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂在220℃下的熔融黏度與在260℃下的熔融黏度之間的差為600泊或以下。
  7. 如請求項1之吸音風管,其中黏附層進一步設置在該下層不織布與該上層不織布之間, 其中該黏附層含有90%或以上的具有低熔點的聚酯纖維。
  8. 如請求項7之吸音風管,其中構成該黏附層的具有低熔點的該聚酯纖維與構成該第二聚酯纖維的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂相同。
  9. 如請求項1之吸音風管,其中構成該薄膜的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂與構成該第二聚酯纖維的具有低熔點的該聚酯樹脂相同。
TW109123882A 2019-08-30 2020-07-15 含有低熔點聚酯纖維的車用吸音風管 TWI764202B (zh)

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