TW202010715A - Method for manufacturing glass article - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing glass article Download PDFInfo
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- TW202010715A TW202010715A TW108120807A TW108120807A TW202010715A TW 202010715 A TW202010715 A TW 202010715A TW 108120807 A TW108120807 A TW 108120807A TW 108120807 A TW108120807 A TW 108120807A TW 202010715 A TW202010715 A TW 202010715A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/26—Outlets, e.g. drains, siphons; Overflows, e.g. for supplying the float tank, tweels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
- C03B5/425—Preventing corrosion or erosion
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Abstract
Description
本發明是有關於一種玻璃物品的製造方法,該玻璃物品的製造方法包括:使用玻璃熔解爐連續生成成為玻璃物品的原料的熔融玻璃的步驟;以及將爐啟動至可執行該步驟的狀態的步驟。The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a glass article. The method of manufacturing a glass article includes: a step of continuously generating molten glass as a raw material of the glass article using a glass melting furnace; and a step of starting the furnace to a state where the step can be performed .
眾所周知,以玻璃板、玻璃管、玻璃纖維等為代表的玻璃物品是藉由將使玻璃原料熔解而生成的熔融玻璃成形為規定的形狀來製造。此處,在專利文獻1中揭示了使用玻璃熔解爐連續生成熔融玻璃的方法的一例。As is well known, glass articles represented by glass plates, glass tubes, glass fibers, and the like are manufactured by forming molten glass produced by melting glass raw materials into a predetermined shape. Here,
在該文獻所揭示的方法中,一邊將玻璃原料連續供給到貯存於玻璃熔解爐內的熔融玻璃上,一邊使玻璃原料熔解而連續生成新的熔融玻璃,並且使熔融玻璃通過流出通路(在該文獻中為爐喉)流出到爐外。再者,流出通路的內周面通常由鉑或鉑合金構成。 [現有技術文獻] [專利文獻]In the method disclosed in this document, while the glass raw material is continuously supplied to the molten glass stored in the glass melting furnace, the glass raw material is melted to continuously generate new molten glass, and the molten glass is passed through the outflow path (in this The furnace throat in the literature) flows out of the furnace. Furthermore, the inner peripheral surface of the outflow passage is usually made of platinum or platinum alloy. [Prior Art Literature] [Patent Literature]
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2003-183031號公報Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-183031
[發明所欲解決之課題] 且說,在使玻璃熔解爐運轉時,需要將爐啟動到可連續生成熔融玻璃的狀態。在爐啟動時,為了使爐內的溫度從常溫上升,大多利用使天然氣等氣體燃料與空氣混合而燃燒的空氣燃燒器、或者使氣體燃料與氧氣混合而燃燒的氧氣燃燒器。藉由利用該些燃燒器進行加熱,當爐內的溫度上升至可使玻璃原料熔解的溫度時,開始向爐內供給玻璃原料。伴隨於此,玻璃原料熔解,熔融玻璃逐漸貯存在爐內。[Problems to be solved by the invention] In addition, when the glass melting furnace is operated, it is necessary to start the furnace to a state where molten glass can be continuously produced. When the furnace is started, in order to raise the temperature in the furnace from normal temperature, an air burner that mixes and burns a gas fuel such as natural gas with air or an oxygen burner that mixes and burns a gas fuel with oxygen is often used. By heating with these burners, when the temperature in the furnace rises to a temperature at which the glass raw material can be melted, the glass raw material is started to be supplied into the furnace. Along with this, the glass raw material melts, and the molten glass is gradually stored in the furnace.
然而,在所述態樣的玻璃熔解爐的啟動中,會產生如下的問題。However, when the glass melting furnace of the above aspect is started, the following problems may occur.
即,在為了使玻璃熔解爐內的溫度上升而利用空氣燃燒器或氧氣燃燒器的情況下,成為空氣或氧氣向爐內的送入持續的狀態,伴隨於此,含有氧氣的爐內的環境氣不可避免地流入流出通路。其結果,產生構成流出通路的內周面的鉑或鉑合金氧化或揮發的問題。That is, when an air burner or an oxygen burner is used in order to increase the temperature in the glass melting furnace, the air or oxygen is continuously fed into the furnace, and accompanying this, the environment in the furnace containing oxygen Gas inevitably flows into the outflow path. As a result, there arises a problem that the platinum or platinum alloy constituting the inner peripheral surface of the outflow path is oxidized or volatilized.
鑑於所述情況而成的本發明的技術課題在於,在製造玻璃物品時,在利用燃燒器的加熱使玻璃熔解爐內的溫度上升而啟動爐時,盡可能地抑制構成熔融玻璃的流出通路的內周面的鉑或鉑合金的氧化或揮發。 [解決課題之手段]In view of the above circumstances, the technical problem of the present invention is that, when manufacturing a glass article, when the temperature in the glass melting furnace is increased by the heating of the burner and the furnace is started, the flow path constituting the molten glass is suppressed as much as possible Oxidation or volatilization of platinum or platinum alloy on the inner peripheral surface. [Means to solve the problem]
用以解決所述課題的本發明為一種玻璃物品的製造方法,包括:連續生成步驟,一邊將玻璃原料連續供給到貯存於玻璃熔解爐內的熔融玻璃上,一邊使玻璃原料熔解而連續生成新的熔融玻璃,並且使熔融玻璃通過具有由鉑或鉑合金構成的內周面的流出通路而流出到玻璃熔解爐外;以及啟動步驟,使玻璃熔解爐啟動至可執行連續生成步驟的狀態,且所述玻璃物品的製造方法的特徵在於,啟動步驟包括:利用燃燒器使玻璃熔解爐內的溫度從常溫上升的升溫步驟;以及開始向玻璃熔解爐內供給玻璃原料的原料供給開始步驟,在升溫步驟中,在減少玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣與流出通路的內周面的接觸的狀態下,利用燃燒器進行加熱。The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a method of manufacturing a glass article, including a continuous generation step of continuously supplying glass raw materials to molten glass stored in a glass melting furnace while melting the glass raw materials to continuously generate new Molten glass, and causing the molten glass to flow out of the glass melting furnace through an outflow passage having an inner peripheral surface composed of platinum or a platinum alloy; and a start-up step to start the glass melting furnace to a state where a continuous generation step can be performed, and The manufacturing method of the glass article is characterized in that the starting step includes: a temperature rising step of raising the temperature in the glass melting furnace from normal temperature by using a burner; and a raw material supply starting step of starting to supply the glass raw material into the glass melting furnace. In the step, the burner is used for heating while reducing the contact between the ambient gas in the glass melting furnace and the inner peripheral surface of the outflow passage.
根據本方法,在升溫步驟中,在玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣與流出通路的內周面的接觸減少的狀態下,利用燃燒器進行加熱,爐內的溫度從常溫上升。藉此,即使在伴隨燃燒器的利用而送入爐內的含有氧的爐內的環境氣流入流出通路或欲流入流出通路的情況下,亦可盡可能地抑制構成流出通路的內周面的鉑或鉑合金的氧化或揮發。According to this method, in the temperature raising step, with the contact between the ambient gas in the glass melting furnace and the inner peripheral surface of the outflow passage reduced, the burner is used for heating, and the temperature in the furnace rises from normal temperature. With this, even in the case where the ambient air flow into the furnace containing oxygen fed into the furnace with the use of the burner enters or exits the outflow path, the inner peripheral surface constituting the outflow path can be suppressed as much as possible Oxidation or volatilization of platinum or platinum alloys.
在所述方法中,較佳為利用遮蔽材防止玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣與流出通路的內周面接觸。In the above method, it is preferable to use a shielding material to prevent the ambient gas in the glass melting furnace from contacting the inner peripheral surface of the outflow passage.
藉由利用遮蔽材防止玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣與流出通路的內周面接觸,可穩定地減少玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣與流出通路的內周面接觸。By using the shielding material to prevent the ambient gas in the glass melting furnace from contacting the inner peripheral surface of the outflow passage, it is possible to stably reduce the contact between the ambient gas in the glass melting furnace and the inner peripheral surface of the outflow passage.
在所述方法中,作為遮蔽材,較佳為使用玻璃材。In the above method, as the shielding material, glass material is preferably used.
藉由利用玻璃材防止爐內的環境氣與流出通路的內周面接觸,亦可獲得如下的效果。即,作為遮蔽材,亦可採用玻璃以外的構件(例如金屬構件或耐火物等),但該情況下,產生去除遮蔽材的作業。另外,遮蔽材有混入到熔融玻璃中而產生不良情況之虞。若使用玻璃材,則隨著爐內溫度的上升,玻璃材料不久亦熔融而成為熔融玻璃,與玻璃原料熔融而成的熔融玻璃一起被送到下游側步驟。因此,若採用玻璃材作為遮蔽材,則不需要去除遮蔽材的作業,並且可排除遮蔽材混入熔融玻璃而產生不良情況的可能性。By using the glass material to prevent the ambient air in the furnace from contacting the inner peripheral surface of the outflow passage, the following effects can also be obtained. That is, a member other than glass (for example, a metal member, a refractory, etc.) may be used as the shielding material, but in this case, an operation of removing the shielding material occurs. In addition, the shielding material may be mixed into the molten glass to cause defects. If a glass material is used, as the temperature in the furnace rises, the glass material soon melts to become molten glass, and the molten glass obtained by melting the glass raw material is sent to the downstream step. Therefore, if a glass material is used as the shielding material, there is no need to remove the shielding material, and the possibility that the shielding material is mixed into the molten glass to cause a defect may be excluded.
在所述方法中,作為玻璃材,較佳為使用覆蓋流出通路的上游側端部的開口的玻璃板。In the above method, as the glass material, it is preferable to use a glass plate covering the opening on the upstream end of the outflow path.
如此,藉由覆蓋流出通路的上游側端部的開口的玻璃板,可確實地避免含有氧的爐內的環境氣流入流出通路。藉此,在盡可能地抑制構成流出通路的內周面的鉑或鉑合金的氧化或揮發的方面,更加有利。In this way, by the glass plate covering the opening at the upstream end of the outflow path, it is possible to reliably prevent the ambient air flow in the furnace containing oxygen from entering the outflow path. This is more advantageous in suppressing oxidation or volatilization of platinum or a platinum alloy constituting the inner peripheral surface of the outflow channel as much as possible.
在所述方法中,較佳為玻璃材的組成與熔融玻璃的組成相同。In the above method, it is preferable that the composition of the glass material is the same as the composition of the molten glass.
如此,可防止熔融玻璃的組成因玻璃材而變動,因此在利用熔融玻璃方面是有利的。In this way, the composition of the molten glass can be prevented from changing due to the glass material, so it is advantageous in using molten glass.
在所述方法中,較佳為玻璃熔解爐包括可在進入爐內的進入位置與從爐內退避的退避位置之間移動的電極,連續生成步驟中,藉由位於進入位置的電極進行通電加熱,升溫步驟中,於藉由利用蓋構件覆蓋位於退避位置的電極的前端而防止玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣與電極接觸的狀態下,利用燃燒器進行加熱。In the method described above, it is preferable that the glass melting furnace includes an electrode movable between an entrance position into the furnace and a retreat position retreating from the furnace, and in the continuous generation step, the electrode located at the entrance position is energized and heated In the temperature rising step, the cover member covers the tip of the electrode located at the retreat position to prevent the ambient gas in the glass melting furnace from contacting the electrode, and the heater is used for heating.
如此,藉由利用蓋構件覆蓋電極,可減少電極與爐內的環境氣的接觸,可保護電極不被氧化。In this way, by covering the electrode with the cover member, the contact between the electrode and the ambient gas in the furnace can be reduced, and the electrode can be protected from oxidation.
於所述方法中,亦可將所述玻璃熔解爐作為第一玻璃熔解爐,且將所述流出通路作為第一流出通路,經由第一流出通路,將第一玻璃熔解爐與從第一玻璃熔解爐流出的熔融玻璃流入的第二玻璃熔解爐連結,在第二玻璃熔解爐中,執行利用燃燒器使第二玻璃熔解爐內的溫度從常溫上升的升溫步驟,在第二玻璃熔解爐中的升溫步驟中,在利用遮蔽材防止第二玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣與第一流出通路的內周面接觸、以及第二玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣與用於使熔融玻璃流出到第二玻璃熔解爐外的第二流出通路的由鉑或鉑合金構成的內周面接觸的狀態下,利用燃燒器進行加熱。In the method, the glass melting furnace may be used as the first glass melting furnace, and the outflow path may be used as the first outflow path, and the first glass melting furnace and the first glass may be removed through the first outflow path. The second glass melting furnace into which the molten glass flowing out of the melting furnace flows in is connected, and in the second glass melting furnace, a temperature increasing step in which the temperature in the second glass melting furnace is raised from normal temperature by a burner is performed. In the second glass melting furnace In the temperature raising step, the shielding material is used to prevent the ambient gas in the second glass melting furnace from contacting the inner peripheral surface of the first outflow path, and the ambient gas in the second glass melting furnace and the flow of molten glass to the second In the state where the inner peripheral surface of the second outflow passage outside the glass melting furnace made of platinum or platinum alloy is in contact, it is heated by a burner.
如此,不僅在第一玻璃熔解爐中,而且在第二玻璃熔解爐中亦可盡可能地抑制構成流出通路(第二流出通路)的內周面的鉑或鉑合金的氧化或揮發。In this way, not only in the first glass melting furnace but also in the second glass melting furnace, the oxidation or volatilization of the platinum or platinum alloy constituting the inner peripheral surface of the outflow path (second outflow path) can be suppressed as much as possible.
在所述方法中,在連續生成步驟中,較佳為僅藉由通電加熱對玻璃熔解爐內貯存的熔融玻璃進行加熱。In the method, in the continuous production step, it is preferable to heat the molten glass stored in the glass melting furnace only by energized heating.
如此,與併用利用燃燒器的加熱與通電加熱的情況相比,可使玻璃熔解爐內的環境氣乾燥。藉此,容易防止爐內的環境氣中的水分溶入到熔融玻璃中,容易減少製造的玻璃物品的β-OH值。其結果,可降低加熱玻璃物品時的壓實,可獲得適合於顯示器用的無鹼玻璃基板的玻璃物品。In this way, the ambient gas in the glass melting furnace can be dried compared with the case where the heating using a burner and the energized heating are used in combination. Thereby, it is easy to prevent the moisture in the ambient air in the furnace from dissolving into the molten glass, and it is easy to reduce the β-OH value of the manufactured glass article. As a result, the compaction when heating the glass article can be reduced, and a glass article suitable for an alkali-free glass substrate for a display can be obtained.
此處,所謂「無鹼玻璃」是指實質不含鹼成分(鹼金屬氧化物)的玻璃,具體而言,是指鹼成分的重量比為3000 ppm以下的玻璃。再者,鹼成分的重量比較佳為1000 ppm以下,更佳為500 ppm以下,最佳為300 ppm以下。 [發明的效果]Here, the “alkali-free glass” refers to glass that does not substantially contain an alkali component (alkali metal oxide), and specifically refers to glass having a weight ratio of the alkali component of 3000 ppm or less. Furthermore, the weight of the alkali component is preferably 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 500 ppm or less, and most preferably 300 ppm or less. [Effect of invention]
根據本發明,在製造玻璃物品時,在利用燃燒器的加熱使玻璃熔解爐內的溫度上升而啟動爐時,可盡可能地抑制構成熔融玻璃的流出通路的內周面的鉑或鉑合金的氧化或揮發。According to the present invention, when manufacturing a glass article, when the temperature in the glass melting furnace is raised by the heating of the burner and the furnace is started, the platinum or platinum alloy constituting the inner peripheral surface of the outflow path of the molten glass can be suppressed as much as possible Oxidation or volatilization.
<第一實施方式> 以下,參照附圖對本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法進行說明。<First embodiment> Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a glass article according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
圖1及圖2表示在玻璃熔解爐1(以下簡述為爐1)中執行連續生成步驟的態樣。FIGS. 1 and 2 show a state where a continuous generation step is performed in a glass melting furnace 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as furnace 1 ).
在連續生成步驟中,在爐1內(熔融玻璃)的溫度維持在作業溫度(例如1450℃~1550℃)的狀態下,一邊藉由電極3對貯存在爐1內的熔融玻璃2進行通電加熱,一邊使連續供給到熔融玻璃2的表面2a上的玻璃原料4依次熔解,連續生成新的熔融玻璃2,並且使熔融玻璃2通過作為流出通路(第一流出通路)的管5流出到爐1外。在該連續生成步驟中,僅利用電極3的通電加熱來加熱熔融玻璃2。In the continuous production step, while the temperature in the furnace 1 (molten glass) is maintained at the operating temperature (for example, 1450°C to 1550°C), the
在連續生成步驟中生成的熔融玻璃2被送到包括成形步驟等的下游側步驟,經過在下游側步驟中使熔融玻璃2成形等過程,製造玻璃物品(例如玻璃板、玻璃管、玻璃纖維等)。The
本實施方式中使用的爐1具有俯視呈矩形的剖面形狀。該爐1具有位於爐1內的玻璃原料4的流動方向T的上游端的前壁1a、位於下游端的後壁1b、一對側壁1c、1d、頂壁1e及底壁1f。該些爐壁1a~爐壁1f分別由耐火物(在本實施方式中為高氧化鋯電鑄耐火磚)構成。The
在前壁1a上並列地配置有多台(在本實施方式中為三台)用於將玻璃原料4供給到爐1內的螺旋進料器6。各螺旋進料器6無間隙地插入形成於前壁1a的開口部1aa。再者,在從螺旋進料器6供給的玻璃原料4中,添加氧化錫作為澄清劑。A plurality of (three in this embodiment)
此處,在本實施方式中,在玻璃原料4的供給中使用了螺旋進料器6,但亦可使用螺旋進料器6以外的加料機。作為加料機的一例,亦可使用振動進料器或推料機、毯式加料機等。就提高爐1內的密閉性的觀點而言,較佳為使用螺旋進料器6或振動進料器。另外,在本實施方式中,使用了多台螺旋進料器6,但螺旋進料器6的數量亦可僅為一台。Here, in the present embodiment, the
在後壁1b上配置有用於使熔融玻璃2流出的管5。該管5的內周面5a由鉑或鉑合金構成。A
在側壁1c與側壁1d上分別配置有由一台空氣燃燒器7與一台氧氣燃燒器8成對構成的燃燒器對9,在本實施方式中,在側壁1c上配置有三對燃燒器對9,在側壁1d上配置有兩對燃燒器對9。再者,在本實施方式中,將空氣燃燒器7與氧氣燃燒器8成對配置,但空氣燃燒器7與氧氣燃燒器8的數量亦可不同。另外,空氣燃燒器7及氧氣燃燒器8亦可配置於頂壁1e上。在本實施方式的連續生成步驟的執行中,在合計五對燃燒器對9的每一個中,空氣燃燒器7與氧氣燃燒器8兩者均成為停止運轉的狀態。On the
空氣燃燒器7是使天然氣等氣體燃料與空氣混合而燃燒的燃燒器。與此相對,氧氣燃燒器8是使氣體燃料與氧氣混合並燃燒的燃燒器。The
如圖2中雙點劃線所示,兩燃燒器7、8可分別從側壁1c(側壁1d)側向相對的側壁1d(側壁1c)側噴射火焰7a、8a。再者,氧氣燃燒器8的火力比空氣燃燒器7的火力大。另一方面,空氣燃燒器7噴射的火焰7a在俯視下比氧氣燃燒器8噴射的火焰8a寬。再者,在本實施方式中,空氣燃燒器7可在使運轉停止的狀態下從側壁1c(側壁1d)拆下。氧氣燃燒器8亦可在停止運轉的狀態下從側壁1c(側壁1d)拆下。As shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2, the two
配置在底壁1f上的電極3形成為棒狀。該電極3可在從底壁1f進入爐1內的進入位置(在圖1中電極3所處的位置)與從爐1內退避的退避位置(在後面提到的圖3中電極3所處的位置)之間移動。該電極3例如由鉬構成。The
在連續生成步驟的執行中,藉由位於進入位置並處於浸漬於爐1內的熔融玻璃2的狀態的電極3對熔融玻璃2進行加熱。藉由調節施加在該電極3上的電壓,可調節由電極3產生的能量(賦予熔融玻璃2的熱能)。而且,隨著電極3對熔融玻璃2進行加熱,熔融玻璃2的表面2a上的玻璃原料4被間接地加熱而熔解。藉此,依次生成新的熔融玻璃2。In the execution of the continuous generation step, the
此處,在本實施方式中,利用棒狀的電極3對熔融玻璃2進行加熱,但除了棒狀的電極3之外,或者代替棒狀的電極3,亦可藉由分別配置在一對側壁1c、1d上的板狀的電極或塊狀的電極對熔融玻璃2進行加熱。Here, in the present embodiment, the
在本實施方式中,在將爐1啟動到可執行所述連續生成步驟的狀態時,執行下述啟動步驟。In this embodiment, when the
在啟動步驟中,進行第一升溫步驟(圖3)、第二升溫步驟(圖5)、原料供給開始步驟(圖6)及通電加熱開始步驟(圖8),其中,第一升溫步驟是藉由空氣燃燒器7使爐1內的溫度從常溫(特別是不冷卻或不加熱的溫度,例如20±15℃)上升的步驟,第二升溫步驟是藉由氧氣燃燒器8使爐1內的溫度上升的步驟,原料供給開始步驟是開始向爐1內供給玻璃原料4的步驟,通電加熱開始步驟是開始使玻璃原料4熔解而貯存的熔融玻璃2的通電加熱的步驟。在本實施方式中,由第一升溫步驟與第二升溫步驟兩者構成升溫步驟。In the startup step, the first temperature increase step (Figure 3), the second temperature increase step (Figure 5), the raw material supply start step (Figure 6), and the energization heating start step (Figure 8), where the first temperature increase step is The step of raising the temperature in the
首先,作為用於執行啟動步驟的準備,在第一升溫步驟開始前,如圖3所示,使電極3位於退避位置,然後將第一玻璃板10(蓋構件)載置於爐1的底壁1f上。第一玻璃板10位於電極3的正上方,因此電極3的前端(上端)被第一玻璃板10覆蓋。如此,藉由第一玻璃板10來保護電極3。由該第一玻璃板10覆蓋電極3的狀態持續到第一玻璃板10隨著爐1內的溫度的上升而熔解為止。藉此,在從第一升溫步驟開始後到第一玻璃板10熔解為止的期間,防止爐1內的含有氧的環境氣與電極3的接觸,盡可能地避免電極3的氧化。再者,形成於第一玻璃板10與電極3的相互間的空間由形成為塊狀的多個玻璃(圖示省略)填充。First, as preparations for performing the start-up step, before the start of the first temperature-raising step, as shown in FIG. 3, the
此處,在本實施方式中,在分隔電極3與爐1內時,利用第一玻璃板10覆蓋電極3的前端,但不限於此。代替第一玻璃板10,例如亦可利用玻璃屑覆蓋電極3的前端。第一玻璃板10及玻璃屑較佳為使用包含與藉由熔解玻璃原料4而生成的熔融玻璃2為相同組成系的玻璃的玻璃板及玻璃屑,更佳為使用與熔融玻璃2為相同組成的玻璃板及玻璃屑。Here, in this embodiment, when the
進而,在第一升溫步驟開始前,利用作為玻璃材的第二玻璃板11及第三玻璃板12覆蓋管5的上游側端部5b的開口5ba。如此,藉由兩玻璃板11、12將管5內與爐1內隔開。該管5內與爐1內被隔開的狀態持續到兩玻璃板11、12隨著爐1內的溫度的上升而熔解為止。藉此,在從第一升溫步驟開始後到兩玻璃板11、12熔解為止的期間,防止在爐1內與管5內氣體的往來,防止爐1內的含有氧的環境氣與管5的內周面5a的接觸。如此,盡可能地避免構成管5的內周面5a的鉑的氧化。在熔融玻璃2為無鹼玻璃的情況下,兩玻璃板11、12較佳為使用包含無鹼玻璃的玻璃板。Furthermore, before the start of the first temperature increase step, the
以下,藉由參照圖4,對設置第二玻璃板11及第三玻璃板12的具體形態進行說明。在本實施方式中,以管5的流路剖面呈矩形的情況為例進行說明。當然,即使在管5的流路剖面為矩形以外的形狀,例如形成圓形、橢圓形、多邊形的情況下,亦可應用本發明。Hereinafter, the specific form in which the
如圖4所示,設置有一塊第二玻璃板11,以夾持第二玻璃板11的方式設置有兩塊第三玻璃板12。在本實施方式中,兩玻璃板11、12均具有矩形的形狀。As shown in FIG. 4, one
第二玻璃板11以豎立於管5的上游側端部5b(爐1的後壁1b)的狀態設置。該第二玻璃板11的主面(表背面)成為相對於鉛垂線傾斜的狀態。第二玻璃板11的寬度尺寸(沿水平方向的寬度尺寸)與管5的寬度尺寸為相同尺寸。第二玻璃板11的上邊部位於比上游側端部5b的上部靠上方的位置。另一方面,第二玻璃板11的下邊部與爐1的底壁1f接觸。The
兩塊第三玻璃板12分別在大致直立姿勢下,以其主面與第二玻璃板11的寬度方向端面接觸的方式於豎立的狀態下設置。該些第三玻璃板12的上邊部位於比上游側端部5b的上部靠上方的位置。另一方面,第三玻璃板12的下邊部與爐1的底壁1f接觸。第三玻璃板12的沿上下方向延伸的一對邊部中的一者與爐1的後壁1b接觸。The two
雖然省略了圖示,但較佳為包含在第二玻璃板11的寬度方向端面與第三玻璃板12的主面之間形成的間隙,從爐1內通向管5內的間隙由作為玻璃材料的玻璃板片或玻璃屑等堵塞。再者,要求該些間隙盡可能少,因此亦可利用玻璃原料4堵塞,但就避免原料4的成分的一部分在熔解前揮發的可能性的觀點而言,較佳為使用玻璃材。另外,第二玻璃板11及第三玻璃板12的表面形狀除了矩形以外,例如亦可為梯形或三角形,亦可組合使用表面形狀不同的玻璃板。Although not shown, it is preferable to include a gap formed between the end surface in the width direction of the
再者,在本實施方式中,上游側端部5b的外周面成為相對於爐1內的環境氣不露出而與後壁1b接觸的狀態,但亦可為上游側端部5b的外周面相對於爐1內的環境氣露出的狀態。該情況下,亦可包含上游側端部5b的外周面,在連續生成步驟的執行中,利用玻璃屑、玻璃板、玻璃板片、玻璃原料4等覆蓋與熔融玻璃2接觸的管5的全部部位(由鉑或鉑合金構成的部位)。例如,亦可利用玻璃板覆蓋上游側端部5b的外周面的上表面,並且利用所述兩塊第三玻璃板12分別覆蓋上游側端部5b的外周面的側面。進而,亦可利用填充在管5內的玻璃原料4覆蓋該管5的內周面5a。Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the
此處,在本實施方式中,在第一升溫步驟開始前,利用第一玻璃板10覆蓋電極3的前端,並且利用第二玻璃板11及第三玻璃板12覆蓋上游側端部5b的開口5ba,但不限於此,亦可在第一升溫步驟開始時進行該些操作。Here, in this embodiment, before the start of the first temperature raising step, the front end of the
如上所述,執行啟動步驟的準備完成後,接著,如圖3所示,藉由使空氣燃燒器7運轉而噴射火焰7a,開始第一升溫步驟。再者,在本實施方式中,在第一升溫步驟開始時,不開始向爐1內供給玻璃原料4,除了堵塞所述第一玻璃板~第三玻璃板10、11、12及兩玻璃板11、12之間的間隙的玻璃板片或玻璃屑,成為在爐1內不存在熔融玻璃2及玻璃原料4的狀態。As described above, after the preparation for performing the start-up step is completed, then, as shown in FIG. 3, the
在第一升溫步驟開始後,當爐1內的溫度(頂壁1e的環境氣溫度)上升到700℃~900℃的範圍內的任意溫度時,如圖5所示,進行從第一升溫步驟向第二升溫步驟的切換。例如,依次停止空氣燃燒器7的運轉,並且依次開始氧氣燃燒器8的運轉。以最初的氧氣燃燒器8的運轉開始為第二升溫步驟的開始。After the start of the first temperature raising step, when the temperature in the furnace 1 (ambient gas temperature of the top wall 1e) rises to any temperature within the range of 700°C to 900°C, as shown in FIG. 5, the first temperature raising step is performed Switch to the second heating step. For example, the operation of the
從第一升溫步驟向第二升溫步驟切換後,爐1內的溫度上升至可使玻璃原料4熔解的溫度(以下,表述為可熔解溫度)時,如圖6所示,藉由使螺旋進料器6運轉而開始向爐1內供給玻璃原料4,從而進行原料供給開始步驟。玻璃原料4的一部分或全部亦可為玻璃屑。After switching from the first temperature raising step to the second temperature raising step, when the temperature in the
再者,原料供給開始步驟只要爐1內的溫度上升至可熔解溫度,則亦可與從第一升溫步驟向第二升溫步驟的切換結束同時進行。另一方面,亦可在爐1內的溫度上升至可熔解溫度之前的任意時間點進行原料供給開始步驟。但是,就避免玻璃原料4中所含的成分在該原料4熔解前揮發而消失的可能性的觀點而言,較佳為在爐1內的溫度上升至可熔解溫度後進行原料供給開始步驟。In addition, the raw material supply start step may be performed simultaneously with the end of the switching from the first temperature increase step to the second temperature increase step as long as the temperature in the
在原料供給開始步驟後,如圖7所示,供給到爐1內的玻璃原料4依次熔解,在爐1內貯存熔融玻璃2。藉此,在爐1內熔融玻璃2的表面2a的高度位置逐漸上升。再者,如圖7中雙點劃線所示,將爐1內與電極3隔開的第一玻璃板10、將爐1內與管5內隔開的第二玻璃板11及第三玻璃板12隨著爐1內的溫度的上升而依次熔解。After the raw material supply start step, as shown in FIG. 7, the glass
而且,在熔融玻璃2的表面2a的高度位置到達預定的基準位置之後,如圖8所示,使電極3從退避位置移動到進入位置。而且,藉由對電極3施加電壓來進行通電加熱開始步驟。此時的爐1內(熔融玻璃)的溫度例如為1300℃~1600℃的範圍內。Then, after the height position of the
然後,如圖9所示,當熔融玻璃2的表面2a的高度位置到達執行連續生成步驟時的位置,並且爐1內的溫度在操作溫度下變得大致均勻時,為了維持爐1內的溫度,依次停止氧氣燃燒器8的運轉。當所有的氧氣燃燒器8停止運轉時,啟動步驟結束。然後,在爐1中開始執行連續生成步驟。Then, as shown in FIG. 9, when the height position of the
以下,對本發明的實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法的主要作用、效果進行說明。Hereinafter, the main operation and effect of the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
在所述第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中,在第一及第二升溫步驟中,在爐1內的環境氣與管5的內周面5a的接觸被兩玻璃板11、12防止的狀態下,利用空氣燃燒器7或氧氣燃燒器8進行加熱,爐1內的溫度從常溫上升。藉此,可避免伴隨兩燃燒器7、8的利用而送入爐1內的含有氧的爐1內的環境氣流入管5內。其結果,可盡可能地抑制構成管5的內周面5a的鉑或鉑合金的氧化或揮發。In the method for manufacturing a glass article of the first embodiment, in the first and second temperature raising steps, the contact between the ambient gas in the
<第二實施方式> 以下,參照圖10,對本發明的第二實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法進行說明。再者,在第二實施方式的說明中,對於與所述第一實施方式中已說明的要素實質上相同的要素,藉由標註相同的符號而省略重覆的說明,僅對與第一實施方式的不同點進行說明。<Second embodiment> Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a glass article according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 10. In addition, in the description of the second embodiment, the elements that are substantially the same as those already described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same symbols, and repeated explanations are omitted. Only the first embodiment is described. The different points of the method will be explained.
第二實施方式與所述第一實施方式的不同點在於,將爐1作為第一玻璃熔解爐13(以下,表述為第一爐13),且將管5作為第一管14,在此基礎上,經由第一管14將第一爐13與從該第一爐13流出的熔融玻璃2流入的第二玻璃熔解爐15(以下,表述為第二爐15)連結。第二爐15除了不具備螺旋進料器6的方面以外,具有與第一爐13相同的結構。再者,本實施方式的第一管14以其長度方向水平的姿勢配置,但亦可以長度方向傾斜的姿勢配置以使得隨著遠離第一爐13而變高。另外,在本實施方式中,第一爐13的底壁1f與第二爐15的底壁1f為相同高度,但亦可將第二爐15的底壁1f配置在比第一爐13的底壁1f高的位置,或者亦可將第二爐15的底壁1f配置在比第一爐13的底壁1f低的位置。The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the
在第二爐15中,亦執行藉由空氣燃燒器7或氧氣燃燒器8使第二爐15內的溫度從常溫上升的第一及第二升溫步驟。在本實施方式中,與第一爐13中的第一及第二升溫步驟的執行同時地開始執行第二爐15的第一及第二升溫步驟,但未必需要同時開始或同步地執行,亦可存在一些時間滯後。第二爐15中的第一及第二升溫步驟可在與第一爐13中的第一及第二升溫步驟相同的條件下執行。In the
在第二爐15中的第一及第二升溫步驟中,亦可不利用玻璃板覆蓋第一管14中的下游側端部5c的開口5ca,但為了進一步防止第二爐15內的環境氣與第一管14的內周面5a的接觸,如圖10所示,較佳為利用作為玻璃材的第二玻璃板11及第三玻璃板12覆蓋第一管14中的下游側端部5c的開口5ca。覆蓋下游側端部5c的開口5ca的形態與覆蓋上游側端部5b的開口5ba的形態相同。In the first and second temperature raising steps in the
另外,在第二爐15中的第一及第二升溫步驟中,防止第二爐15內的環境氣與作為用於使熔融玻璃2向第二爐15外流出的第二流出通路的第二管16的內周面5a接觸。為此,利用作為玻璃材的第二玻璃板11及第三玻璃板12覆蓋第二管16的上游側端部5b的開口5ba。覆蓋第二管16中的上游側端部5b的開口5ba的形態與覆蓋第一管14中的上游側端部5b的開口5ba的形態相同。In addition, in the first and second temperature raising steps in the
再者,本發明不限定於所述實施方式的結構,亦不限定於所述作用效果。本發明可在不脫離本發明的主旨的範圍內進行各種變更。In addition, the present invention is not limited to the structure of the above-mentioned embodiment, nor is it limited to the above-mentioned effect. The present invention can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.
在所述實施方式中,在連續生成步驟中僅利用電極3的加熱來連續生成熔融玻璃,但不限於此,亦可併用燃燒器7、8的加熱。另外,在如第二實施方式般由第一爐13與第二爐15構成玻璃熔解爐的情況下的連續生成步驟中,亦可在第一爐13中併用電極3的加熱與燃燒器7、8的加熱,在第二爐15中僅使用燃燒器7、8的加熱。於在連續生成步驟中使用燃燒器7、8的加熱的情況下,較佳為使用氧氣燃燒器8。就減少所製造的玻璃物品的β-OH值的觀點而言,較佳為如第一實施方式般,使用單一的熔解爐1,並且在連續生成步驟中僅利用電極3的加熱來連續生成熔融玻璃。In the above embodiment, in the continuous generation step, only the heating of the
1:玻璃熔解爐
1a:前壁
1aa:開口部
1b:後壁
1c、1d:側壁
1e:頂壁
1f:底壁
2:熔融玻璃
2a:表面
3:電極
4:玻璃原料
5:管
5a:內周面
5b:上游側端部
5ba、5ca:開口
5c:下游側端部
6:螺旋進料器
7:空氣燃燒器
7a、8a:火焰
8:氧氣燃燒器
9:燃燒器對
10:第一玻璃板
11:第二玻璃板
12:第三玻璃板
13:第一玻璃熔解爐
14:第一管
15:第二玻璃熔解爐
16:第二管
T:流動方向1: glass melting furnace
1a: front wall
1aa: opening
1b:
圖1是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的連續生成步驟的縱剖剖面圖。 圖2是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的連續生成步驟的橫剖剖面圖。 圖3是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的啟動步驟的縱剖剖面圖。 圖4是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的啟動步驟的立體圖。 圖5是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的啟動步驟的縱剖剖面圖。 圖6是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的啟動步驟的縱剖剖面圖。 圖7是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的啟動步驟的縱剖剖面圖。 圖8是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的啟動步驟的縱剖剖面圖。 圖9是表示本發明的第一實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的啟動步驟的縱剖剖面圖。 圖10是表示本發明的第二實施方式的玻璃物品的製造方法中的啟動步驟的縱剖剖面圖。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a continuous generation step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a continuous generation step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a start-up step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a perspective view showing a start-up procedure in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a start-up step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a starting step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a start-up step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a start-up step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a start-up step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a start-up step in the method of manufacturing a glass article according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
1:玻璃熔解爐 1: glass melting furnace
1b:後壁 1b: rear wall
1c:側壁 1c: side wall
1f:底壁 1f: bottom wall
5:管 5: Tube
5a:內周面 5a: inner surface
5b:上游側端部 5b: upstream end
5ba:開口 5ba: opening
11:第二玻璃板 11: Second glass plate
12:第三玻璃板 12: third glass plate
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GB1350639A (en) * | 1971-06-07 | 1974-04-18 | Technisches Glas Veb K | Glass melting furnace |
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