TW201933600A - Quantum dot displays and methods for fabricating quantum dot displays - Google Patents

Abstract

A display includes a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. The red sub-pixel includes a reflective first cavity between a first light source and a layer of red quantum dots. The green sub-pixel includes a reflective second cavity between a second light source and a layer of green quantum dots. The blue sub-pixel includes an absorptive third cavity between a third light source and a blue color filter.

Description

Quantum dot display and method of manufacturing quantum dot display

The present application claims priority rights in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 62/587,620, filed on Nov. 17, 2017, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Into this article.

The large system of the present invention relates to quantum dot displays. More particularly, the present invention relates to quantum dot displays that include color conversion.

The micro LEDs are small (e.g., generally less than 100 micrometers (μm) x 100 μm) light-emitting components. It is an inorganic semiconductor component that produces high brightness up to 50 million nits. Therefore, micro LEDs are particularly suitable for high resolution displays. One option for using a micro LED to make a color display is to use native red, green, and blue micro LEDs for each pixel. However, using native red, green, and blue micro LEDs has some problems. Generally, the material for the blue and green micro LEDs is GaN, and the material for the red micro LEDs is InP. Red InP micro LEDs are typically thicker than blue or green GaN micro LEDs, complicating some layouts. In fact, some layout methods become infeasible, such as direct laser release from the source wafer, because the red growth wafer is not natively transparent. GaN and InP micro LEDs also have different voltage requirements. In addition, the efficiency of the native green micro-LED is low, which is called the "green gap." Red micro LEDs are also difficult to manufacture because very small red micro LEDs will stop running.

Display manufacturers are actively investigating the use of quantum dots as an alternative to typical absorption filters or as light emitters for photoluminescent displays. By using quantum dots, displays with higher color gamut, longer lifetime, and lower manufacturing cost can compete with organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, quantum dot displays suffer from light trapping and crosstalk between pixels. It is a quantum dot display and a method of fabricating a quantum dot display that are not suffering from light trapping or crosstalk, to avoid complications caused by the use of different color micro LEDs.

Some embodiments of the invention relate to displays. The display includes a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. The red sub-pixel includes a first reflective cavity between the first source and the red quantum dot layer. The green subpixel includes a second reflective cavity between the second source and the green quantum dot layer. The blue subpixel includes a third absorption cavity between the third source and the blue filter.

Still other embodiments of the invention relate to displays. The display includes a light source, a red sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. The red sub-pixel includes a red quantum dot layer and a first interference filter directly adjacent to the red quantum dot layer. The first interference filter is between the red quantum dot layer and the light source. The green sub-pixel includes a green quantum dot layer and a second interference filter directly adjacent to the green quantum dot layer. The second interference filter is between the green quantum dot layer and the light source.

Still other embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of making a display. The method includes electrically coupling the first source, the second source, and the third source to the backplate. The method includes forming a first reflective well aligned with a first source, a second reflection well aligned with a second source, and a third absorption well aligned with the third source. The method includes applying a red filter, a green filter, and a blue filter to the glass layer. The method includes applying a red quantum dot layer above the red color filter and above the green quantum dot layer to the green color filter. The method includes attaching a glass layer and a backing plate such that the red quantum dot layer covers the first well, the green quantum dot layer covers the second well, and the blue color filter covers the third well.

Still other embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods of making a display. The method includes attaching a liquid crystal matrix and a backlight. The method includes applying an interference filter to above the liquid crystal matrix. The method includes applying a black matrix layer over the interference filter to provide a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening through the black matrix layer. The method includes applying a red quantum dot layer to an interference filter in the first opening, a green quantum dot layer to an interference filter in the second opening, and an interference filter in the blue filter to the third opening Above the film.

The display described herein includes a pixel structure to prevent crosstalk between sub-pixels while maximizing the amount of illumination of each sub-pixel. In addition, a monochromatic light source is used for each sub-pixel, which simplifies display manufacturing.

The additional features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the appended claims. Clear and easy to understand.

It is to be understood that the foregoing general descriptions The accompanying drawings are provided to provide a further understanding of the various embodiments The drawings depict the various embodiments and, together with the description of the embodiments,

The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail, and examples of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same or similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. The invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

The range is here expressed as a "specific value" from "about" and/or to another specific value of "about". Where a range is expressed herein, another embodiment will include from a particular value and/or to another particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as an approximation in the antec It will be further understood that the endpoints of each range are meaningful relative to the other endpoint and are independent of the other endpoint.

The directional terms used herein are used only with reference to drawings, such as up, down, right, left, front, back, top, bottom, vertical, horizontal, and unintentional indirect orientation.

Any method referred to herein is not intended to be construed as requiring a method step in a particular order or requiring any device or particular orientation. In the case where the method request item does not actually describe the step of the sequence, or the device request item does not actually describe the order or orientation of the individual parts, or the scope of application or the embodiment does not specifically indicate that the steps are limited to a specific order, or the device parts are not mentioned. No specific order or orientation is to be inferred for a particular order or orientation. This applies to any possible basis for non-expressive interpretation, including: step arrangement, operational flow, component sequence or component orientation to related logical events; apparent meaning derived from grammatical organization or punctuation; and the number or type of embodiments described in the specification.

The singular forms "a" and "the" Therefore, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the reference to "a" component includes the appearance of two or more components.

Referring now to Figure 1, a cross-sectional view of an exemplary display pixel 100 is illustrated. The pixel 100 includes a red sub-pixel 130, a green sub-pixel 132, and a blue sub-pixel 134. The display can include, for example, any suitable number of pixels 100 arranged in rows and columns. The pixel 100 includes a backing plate 102, a reflective layer 106, light sources 104 ₁ to 104 ₃ (collectively referred to as light sources 104), a transparent electrode layer 108, and black matrix layers 110 ₁ to 110 ₃ (collectively referred to as black matrix layers 110). The pixel 100 also includes a glass layer 112, a white photoresist layer 114, a red color filter 116, a green color filter 118, a blue color filter 120, a red quantum dot layer 122, and a green quantum dot layer 124.

The backing plate 102 can include, for example, a glass substrate, and the surface of the backing plate includes a thin film transistor (TFT) array. The first light source 104 _{1 is} electrically coupled to the first TFT of the upper surface of the backplane 102 (eg, the drain or source of the TFT) and is substantially centered in the red sub-pixel 130. The second light source 104 _{2 is} electrically coupled to the second TFT of the upper surface of the backplane 102 and substantially centrally located within the green sub-pixel 132. Similarly, the third light source 104 _{3 is} electrically coupled to the third TFT of the upper surface of the backplane 102 and substantially centrally located within the blue sub-pixel 134. Each light source 104 is a blue light source, such as a blue light emitting diode (LED) (eg, a blue micro LED). Each light source 104 can be made, for example, of GaN.

The reflective layer 106 is between the respective light sources 104 on the backing plate 102. Reflective layer 106 can comprise, for example, a white photoresist. The transparent electrode layer 108 is above the reflective layer 106 and each of the light sources 104. The transparent electrode layer 108 is electrically coupled to each of the light sources 104 to provide a common electrode of each of the light sources 104. The transparent electrode layer 108 may, for example, comprise indium tin oxide (ITO) or another suitable electrically conductive transparent material.

The white photoresist layer 114 is on the transparent electrode layer 108 in the red sub-pixel 130 and the green sub-pixel 132, to define a wall surface of the first reflective cavity 131 of the red sub-pixel 130, and a second reflective space defining the green sub-pixel 132. The wall of the cavity 133. Since the white photoresist 114 provides a reflective wall and the reflective layer 106 provides a reflective ground, the first cavity 131 defines a first reflective well that is aligned with the first source 104 ₁ . Since the white photoresist 114 provides a reflective wall and the reflective layer 106 provides a reflective ground, the second cavity 133 defines a second reflective well that is aligned with the second source 104 ₂ . The black matrix layer 110 _{1 is} on the transparent electrode layer 108 in the blue sub-pixel 134 to cover the reflective layer 106 around the third light source 104 ₃ . The black matrix layer 110 _{3 is} on the black matrix layer 110 ₁ within the blue sub-pixel 134 to define the wall surface of the third absorption cavity 135 of the blue sub-pixel 134. Since the black matrix layer comprising a wall surface of the absorbent comprising absorbent ₁₁₀₃ and the ground ₁₁₀₁ of the black matrix layer, the third cavity 135 aligned with the third light source defining a third absorbent ₁₀₄₃ wells.

The red quantum dots can be embedded, for example, in a matrix to form a red quantum dot layer 122. The top plate of the first cavity 131 includes a red quantum dot layer 122 and extends between the walls of the first cavity 131 in the red sub-pixel 130. Red filter 116 is above red quantum dot 122. The green quantum dots can be buried, for example, in a matrix to form a green quantum dot layer 124. The top plate of the second cavity 133 includes a green quantum dot layer 124 and extends between the walls of the second cavity 133 in the green sub-pixel 132. Green filter 118 is above green quantum dot 124. The top plate of the third cavity 135 includes a blue filter 120 and extends between the walls of the third cavity 135 in the blue sub-pixel 134. The black matrix layer 110 ₂ extends between each of the red color filters 116, the green color filters 118, and the blue color filters 120. The glass layer 112 covers the black matrix layer 110 ₂ , the red color filter 116 , the green color filter 118 , and the blue color filter 120 .

Accordingly, the red sub-pixel 130 includes a first reflective cavity 131 between the first (eg, blue) light source 104 ₁ and the red quantum dot layer 122. The green sub-pixel 132 includes a second reflective cavity 133 between the second (eg, blue) light source 104 ₂ and the green quantum dot layer 124. The blue sub-pixel 134 includes a third absorption cavity 135 between the third (eg, blue) light source 104 ₃ and the blue filter 120. The third cavity 135 of the blue sub-pixel 134 is absorptive, since the color of the blue sub-pixel 134 is native (i.e., blue), allowing full forward emission (i.e., toward the glass layer 112). The absorption cavity 135 prevents ambient light that leaks into the cavity from being reflected back out of the cavity. The contrast of the blue sub-pixels 134 can be improved by not reflecting ambient light. The reflective cavities 131, 133 of the red sub-pixel 130 and the green sub-pixel 132 reflect ambient light that leaks into the cavity. The reflective cavities 131 and 133 of the red sub-pixel 130 and the green sub-pixel 132 are reflective, and the color conversion caused by the red quantum dots and the green quantum dots of the sub-pixels is uniform, so that the sub-pixels are empty. Cavity absorption is very inefficient. In order to reduce the contrast loss of the reflective cavities 131, 133, the red and green sub-pixel apertures may be minimized such that the red filter 116 and the green filter 118 are narrow.

In operation, the blue light source 104 is used for the red sub-pixel 130, the green sub-pixel 132, and the blue sub-pixel 134. In the red and green sub-pixels, the blue emission color from the blue light source 104 is converted into red and green by the red quantum dot layer 122 and the green quantum dot layer 124, respectively. In order to prevent blue light from escaping the red sub-pixel 130 and the green sub-pixel 132 (ie, the quantum dots do not completely convert blue light, but let some blue light pass), the red color filter 116 and the green color filter 118 respectively cover the red quantum dot layer 122 and Green quantum dot layer 124. Since the quantum dot re-emitted light is uniform, some of the light will return toward the blue light source 104. The reflective cavities 131, 133 reflect the return light toward the glass layer 112. In the blue sub-pixel 134, no quantum dots cause the light to return toward the blue light source 104 ₃ . As for the ambient light illuminating the display, the only reflective light passes through the color filters 116, 118, 120 to the sub-pixel cavities 131, 133, 135, respectively. By narrowing the bandpass of the red filter 116 and the green filter 118, the amount of light passing (and re-emitted) can be minimized. Due to the black cavity 135, the likelihood of light re-emission through the blue filter 120 to the blue sub-pixel cavity 135 is low.

Note that the area outside the aperture of the sub-pixel (defined by the width of the color filters 116, 118, 120 and the quantum dot layers 122, 124) is covered by the black matrix layer 110 ₂ . For best contrast, the mouth should be as small as possible. The quantum dot layers 122, 124 can withstand the luminous flux to determine the size of the aperture, wherein the luminous flux decreases as the aperture size increases. Since quantum dots capable of withstanding high luminous flux can be obtained, the size of the aperture can be reduced to improve display contrast. The reduced aperture size also enables a thinner display because the required gap between the light sources 104 and the quantum dot layers 122, 124 and the color filter 120 can be reduced.

Some of the light from the quantum dot layers 122, 124 can be emitted at a small angle such that if the surface of the glass layer 112 is smooth, the light does not escape the glass layer 112 due to total internal reflection. To reduce total internal reflection, the glass layer 112 includes, for example, an anti-glare treatment that roughens the surface of the glass layer 112 to allow more light to scatter. The sustaining light can be absorbed by the black matrix layer 110 ₂ between the sub-pixels 130, 132 and 134 or the color filters 116, 118 or 120 of the adjacent sub-pixels. In any case, the guided light does not excite the quantum dots of adjacent sub-pixels.

The glass layer 112 can be the cover glass of the display. If the glass layer is reinforced, the glass layer 112 provides mechanical protection for the display. If a laser frit seal is used to seal the perimeter of the display, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass layer 112 should match the CTE of the backing plate 102, since the TFT array is formed on the backing plate 102, which matches the CTE of the crucible. In certain exemplary embodiments, the glass layer 112 may be reinforced by a thermally tempered glass layer or a core-clad glass pair having a differential CTE between the core layer and the cladding, leaving the cladding in a compressed state. FIG. 2 illustrates another example cross-sectional view of display pixel 200. The pixel 200 includes a red sub-pixel 230, a green sub-pixel 232, and a blue sub-pixel 234. The display can include, for example, any suitable number of pixels 200 arranged in rows and columns. The pixel 200 includes a light source 202, a polarizer layer 204, a backplate 206, a liquid crystal layer 208, an analyzer layer 210, and an interference filter 212. The pixel 200 also includes a black matrix layer 214, a red quantum dot layer 216, a green quantum dot layer 218, a red color filter 222, a green color filter 224, a blue color filter 220, and a glass layer 226. Light source 202 can include a backlight, such as an edge-lit backlight or a direct-lit backlight. In this example, light source 202 is a blue light source. In certain exemplary embodiments, light source 202 includes a blue micro LED array. The polarizer layer 204 is above the light source 202, the backing plate 206 is above the polarizer layer 204, the liquid crystal layer 208 is above the backing plate 206, and the analyzer layer 210 is above the liquid crystal layer 208 to form a liquid crystal matrix. The liquid crystal matrix is, for example, controlled by a TFT array formed on the backplate 206 to selectively transmit and/or block light from the light source 202 within each of the sub-pixels 230, 232, 234.

The interference filter 212 is above the analyzer layer 210. Interference filter 212 transmits ultraviolet (UV) / blue light (eg, less than about 470 nm) and reflects all other visible wavelengths (eg, red and green light). The red quantum dots can be embedded, for example, in a matrix to form a red quantum dot layer 216. The red quantum dot layer 216 directly adjoins the interference filter 212 and extends between the walls of the black matrix layer 214 in the red sub-pixel 230. Red filter 222 is above red quantum dot layer 216. The green quantum dots can be embedded, for example, in a matrix to form a green quantum dot layer 218. The green quantum dot layer 218 directly adjoins the interference filter 212 and extends between the walls of the black matrix layer 214 in the green sub-pixel 232. Green filter 224 is above green quantum dot layer 218. The blue color filter 220 directly adjoins the interference filter 212 and extends between the wall surfaces of the black matrix layer 214 in the blue sub-pixel 234. The glass layer 226 covers the black matrix layer 214, the red color filter 222, the green color filter 224, and the blue color filter 220.

In operation, the blue light source 104 is used for the red sub-pixel 230, the green sub-pixel 232, and the blue sub-pixel 234. In the red and green sub-pixels, the blue emission color from the blue light source 104 is transmitted through the interference filter 212 and converted into red and green by the red quantum dot layer 216 and the green quantum dot layer 218, respectively. In order to prevent blue light from escaping the red sub-pixel 230 and the green sub-pixel 232 (ie, if the quantum dots do not completely convert blue light, but let some blue light pass), the red color filter 222 and the green color filter 224 respectively cover the red quantum dot layer 216. And a green quantum dot layer 218. Since the quantum dot re-emitted light is uniform, some of the light will return toward the blue light source 202. The interference filter 212 reflects the return light toward the glass layer 226. In certain exemplary embodiments, the interference filter 212 can substantially double the amount of light directed to the glass layer 226 as compared to the display without the interference filter 212. In blue sub-pixel 234, no quantum dots cause light to return toward blue light source 202. As for the ambient light illuminating the display, the only light that can be reflected passes through the light of the color filters 222, 224, 220. By narrowing the bandpass of color filters 222, 224, 220, the amount of light passing through (and re-emitted by quantum dots 216 or 218 or reflected by interference filter 212) can be minimized.

Some of the light from the quantum dot layers 216, 218 can be emitted at a small angle such that if the surface of the glass layer 226 is smooth, light does not escape the glass layer 226 due to total internal reflection. To reduce total internal reflection, the glass layer 226 includes, for example, an anti-glare treatment that roughens the surface of the glass layer 226 to allow more light to scatter. The sustaining light can be absorbed by the black matrix layer 214 between the sub-pixels 230, 232 and 234 or the color filters 222, 224 or 220 of the adjacent sub-pixels. In any case, the guided light does not excite the quantum dots of adjacent sub-pixels.

Glass layer 226 can be the cover glass of the display. If the glass layer is reinforced, the glass layer 226 can provide mechanical protection for the display. If a laser frit seal is used to seal the perimeter of the display, the CTE of the glass layer 226 should match the CTE of the backplate 206, since the TFT array is formed on the backplate 206, which matches the CTE of the crucible. In certain exemplary embodiments, the glass layer 226 may be reinforced by a thermally tempered glass layer or a core-clad glass pair having a differential CTE between the core layer and the cladding, leaving the cladding in a compressed state.

3A through 4E illustrate cross-sectional views of an exemplary method of fabricating the pixel 100 shown in FIG. 1. 3A is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary subassembly coupled to light source 104 and backing plate 102. In this example, a TFT array is formed on the top surface of the backing plate 102. In other examples, a discrete drive integrated circuit (IC) with IC electrical interconnects is formed on the top surface of the backplane 102. In this example, each light source 104 (eg, a blue micro LED) can be transferred and electrically coupled to individual contacts of the top surface of the backing plate 102. In other examples, each light source 104 includes, for example, an anode and a cathode at the bottom of the light source. In this case, each light source 104 is electrically coupled to two contacts of the top surface of the backing plate 102. In either case, the first light source 104 _{1 is} electrically coupled to the back plate 102 for the red sub-pixel, the second light source 104 _{2 is} electrically coupled to the back plate 102 for the green sub-pixel, and the third light source 104 _{3 is} electrically coupled to the back plate 102. For blue sub-pixels.

Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of Figure 3A after application of the reflective layer 106. The micro LEDs can include exposed p and n junctions on the sidewalls of the micro LEDs. Therefore, when the common electrode is applied over the micro LED, the side walls of the micro LED are passivated to prevent shorting of the junction. The reflective layer 106 is applied over the backing plate 102 between the first light source 104 ₁ , the second light source 104 _{2 ,} and the third light source 104 ₃ . Reflective layer 106 includes a reflective electrical insulating material, such as a white photoresist. The reflective layer 106 passivates the sidewalls of the light source 104 to reflect the area around the red and green sub-pixels to maximize light extraction, even if the quantum dot emission is uniform, and can be re-emitted in a predetermined direction as reversed.

Figure 3C is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of Figure 3B after application of the transparent electrode layer 108. The transparent electrode layer 108 is applied over the reflective layer, the first light source 104 ₁ , the second light source 104 _{2 ,} and the third light source 104 ₃ . The transparent electrode layer 108 is electrically coupled to each of the light sources 104 to provide a common electrode of each of the light sources 104. The transparent electrode layer 108 may, for example, comprise ITO or another suitable electrically conductive transparent material.

Figure 3D is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary sub-assembly of Figure 3C after application of the black matrix layer 110 ₁ . The area around the blue sub-pixel should not be reflective, because the third source 104 ₃ is native blue, so the blue sub-pixel does not need to be converted in color. Therefore, the light emitted by the third light source 104 ₃ only needs to be forward scattered without being re-emitted toward the third light source 104 ₃ . To maximize display contrast, the area around the blue sub-pixels can be blackened. The matrix layer 110 _{1 is} applied over the reflective layer 106 around the transparent electrode 108 and the third light source 104 ₃ , thereby darkening the area around the blue sub-pixel. The black matrix layer 110 _{1 is applied} to complete the backplane subassembly processing of the display.

4A is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary subassembly after application of the black matrix layer 110 _{2 over the} glass layer 112. In addition to the apertures of the quantum dot layer and the color filters, the black matrix layer 110 ₂ covers all portions of the glass layer 112. Black matrix layer 110 _{2 is} applied to glass layer 112 and patterned to provide first opening 150, second opening 152, and third opening 154.

Figure 4B is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of Figure 4A after application of the black matrix layer 110 ₃ . The blue sub-pixel wall is black to block ambient blue light from entering the sub-pixel and reflecting back from the sub-pixel because the reflection reduces contrast. Therefore, the black matrix layer 110 _{3 is} applied to the black matrix layer 110 ₂ around the third opening 154.

Figure 4C is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of Figure 4B after application of the white photoresist layer 114. The red and green sub-pixel walls are white and reflective to maximize light extraction. Therefore, the white photoresist layer 114 is applied over the black matrix layer 1102 around the first opening 150 and the second opening 152. The thickness of the white photoresist layer 114 may be greater than the thickness of the black matrix layer 110 ₃ . In some exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the white photoresist layer 114 is equal to the thickness of the black matrix layer 110 ₃ plus the thickness of the black matrix layer 110 ₁ (FIG. 3D).

4D is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of FIG. 4C after application of color filters 116, 118, 120 to glass layer 112. Red filter 116 is applied over glass layer 112 within opening 150. Green filter 118 is applied over glass layer 112 within opening 152. Blue filter 120 is applied over glass layer 112 within opening 154. In certain exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the red filter 116, the green filter 118, and the blue filter 120 is equal to the thickness of the black matrix layer 110 ₂ .

4E is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of FIG. 4D after application of the quantum dot layer to the red color filter 116 and the green color filter 118. A red quantum dot layer 122 is applied over the red color filter 116. Green quantum dot layer 124 is applied over green filter 118. The application of the quantum dot layers 122, 124 completes the upper subassembly processing of the display.

The upper subassembly of Figure 4E is then flipped over and placed on the backplane subassembly of Figure 3D. The black matrix layer 110 ₃ thus contacts the black matrix layer 110 ₁ , and the white photoresist layer 114 contacts the transparent electrode layer 108 such that the red quantum dot layer 122 is arranged above the first light source 104 ₁ and the green quantum dot layer 124 is arranged in the second light source 104 . Above the ₂ , the blue color filter 120 is arranged above the third light source 104 ₃ . The perimeter of the display is then sealed because the quantum dots are susceptible to environmental influences. The perimeter can be sealed, for example, with a laser glass seal, epoxy or another suitable process and/or material.

5A through 5E illustrate cross-sectional views of an exemplary method of fabricating the pixel 200 shown in FIG. 2. Figure 5A is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary subassembly after fabrication of a liquid crystal matrix. The polarizer layer 204 is applied over the light source 202, such as an edge-lit backlight or a direct-lit backlight. The backing plate 206 is applied over the polarizer layer 204. The backing plate 206 may, for example, include an array of TFTs formed on the surface of the backplane. Liquid crystal layer 208 is applied over backing plate 206. The analyzer layer 210 is applied over the liquid crystal layer 208.

Figure 5B is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of Figure 5A after application of the interference filter 212. Interference filter 212 is applied over analyzer layer 210.

Figure 5C is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of Figure 5B after application of the black matrix layer 214 to the interference filter 212. In addition to the apertures of the quantum dot layer and the color filters, the black matrix layer 214 covers all portions of the interference filter 212. Black matrix layer 214 is applied to interference filter 212 and patterned to provide first opening 250, second opening 252, and third opening 254.

5D is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of FIG. 5C after application of quantum dot layers 216, 218 and color filter 220 to interference filter 212. Red quantum dot layer 216 is applied over interference filter 212 within opening 250. A green quantum dot layer 218 is applied over the interference filter 212 within the opening 252. Blue filter 220 is applied over interference filter 212 within opening 254. In certain exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the blue color filter 220 is equal to the thickness of the black matrix layer 214.

Figure 5E is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary subassembly of Figure 5D after application of a color filter over quantum dot layers 216, 218. Red filter 222 is applied over red quantum dot layer 216. Green filter 224 is applied over green quantum dot layer 218. In certain exemplary embodiments, the thickness of the red quantum dot layer 216 plus the thickness of the red color filter 222 is equal to the thickness of the black matrix layer 214. Likewise, the thickness of the green quantum dot layer 218 plus the thickness of the green color filter 224 is equal to the thickness of the black matrix layer 214. The glass layer 226 is applied over the black matrix layer 214, the red color filter 222, the green color filter 224, and the blue color filter 220. The perimeter of the display is then sealed because the quantum dots are susceptible to environmental influences. The perimeter can be sealed, for example, with a laser glass seal, epoxy or another suitable process and/or material.

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary display pixel 200 ₁ . The pixel 200 ₁ is a modification of the pixel 200 described in the second diagram and shown. The pixel 200 ₁ includes a light source 202, a substrate 238, an interference filter 212, a red quantum dot layer 216, a green quantum dot layer 218, a blue color filter 220, and light extractors 240 _{1 -} 240 ₃ . The substrate 238 may include, for example, a glass substrate or a liquid crystal matrix. The interference filter 212 covers the substrate 238.

A red quantum dot layer 216 is on and directly adjacent to the first portion of the interference filter 212, the green quantum dot layer 218 is directly adjacent to and adjacent to the second portion of the interference filter 212, and the blue color filter 220 is The third portion of the interference filter 212 is directly adjacent to it. The first, second, and third portions of the interference filter 212 may also be referred to herein as a first interference filter, a second interference filter, and a third interference filter, respectively. The first light extractor 240 _{1 is} on the upper surface of the red quantum dot layer 216. The second light extractor 240 _{2 is} on the upper surface of the green quantum dot layer 218. The third light extractor 240 _{3 is} on the upper surface of the blue color filter 220. In certain exemplary embodiments, light extractors 240 _{1 -} 240 ₃ respectively comprise a wavy or roughened top surface of red quantum dot layer 216, a wavy or roughened top surface of green quantum dot layer 218, and a blue filter The wavy or roughened top surface of the light sheet 220.

In operation, blue light from source 202 passes through substrate 238 and interference filter 212. The blue light excites the red quantum dot layer 216 to emit red light and the green quantum dot layer 218 to emit green light. Quantum dots can illuminate equally in all directions, with only a small portion being extracted toward the viewing direction. The interference filter 212 reflects the reversely emitted light, thereby increasing the amount of light extracted toward the viewing direction. The blue filter 220 attenuates and scatters the incident blue light from the light source 202 to adjust the white point and reduce the viewing angle dependence of the color. The light extractors 240 _{1 -} 240 ₃ reduce internal reflections in the red quantum dot layer 216, the green quantum dot layer 218, and the blue color filter 220, respectively.

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary display pixel 200 ₂ . Pixel 200 ₂ is a variation of pixel 200 described in FIG. 2 and shown. The pixel 200 _{2 is} similar to the pixel 200 _{1 of} FIG. 6 except that the pixel 200 ₂ has a patterned interference filter 212. The interference filter 212 is patterned to provide a first interference filter 212 ₁ that aligns the red quantum dot layer 216 between the substrate 238 and the red quantum dot layer 216, and a green alignment between the substrate 238 and the green quantum dot layer 218. the quantum dot layer 218 of a second interference filter ₂₁₂₂ and the blue color filter substrate 238 and a blue filter 220 are aligned third interference filter 220 in _2123. Pixel 200 ₂ operates similar to pixel 200 ₁ .

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary display pixel 200 ₃ . The pixel 200 ₃ is a modification of the pixel 200 described in FIG. 2 and shown. The pixel 200 _{3 is} similar to the pixel 200 _{1 of} FIG. 6 except that the pixel 200 ₃ includes light extractors 242 ₁ -242 ₃ instead of the light extractors 240 ₁ -240 ₃ . The first light extractor 242 _{1 is} within the red quantum dot layer 216. The second light extractor 242 _{2 is} within the green quantum dot layer 218. The third light extractor 242 _{3 is} within the blue color filter 220. The light extractors 242 _{1 -} 242 ₃ may, for example, comprise dispersed titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ) particles, entrapped bubbles or another suitable bulk diffusion component. The pixel 200 ₃ operates similar to the pixel 200 ₁ .

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary display pixel 200 ₄ . Pixel 200 ₄ is a variation of pixel 200 described in FIG. 2 and shown. The pixel 200 _{4 is} similar to the pixel 200 _{3 of} FIG. 8 except that the pixel 200 ₄ includes a red color filter 222 and a green color filter 224. The red color filter 222 is above the red quantum dot layer 216 and the green color filter 224 is above the green quantum dot layer 218. The red color filter 222 and the green color filter 224 respectively limit the amount of ambient light that is leaked into the red and green sub-pixels.

FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary display pixel 200 ₅ . Pixels ₂₀₀₅ lines, and the second variant shown in FIG pixels 200. The pixel 200 ₅ includes a light source 202, a substrate 238, a first interference filter 212 ₁ , a second interference filter 212 ₂ , a third interference filter 212 ₃ , a red quantum dot layer 216 , a green quantum dot layer 218 , and a red color. The filter 222, the green filter 224, the blue filter 220, and the light extractors 240 _{1 -} 240 ₃ . The substrate 238 can be, for example, a glass substrate.

The red quantum dot layer 216 is on and directly adjacent to the first interference filter 212 ₁ , and the green quantum dot layer 218 is on and directly adjacent to the second interference filter 212 ₂ . The substrate 328 is on and directly adjacent to the red quantum dot layer 216, the green quantum dot layer 218, and the third interference filter 212 ₃ . Red filter 222 is on the first portion of substrate 238 and is aligned with red quantum dot layer 216. Green filter 224 is on the second portion of substrate 238 and is aligned with green quantum dot layer 218. Blue filter 220 is on the third portion of substrate 238 and is aligned with third interference filter 212 ₃ . The first light extractor 240 _{1 is} on the upper surface of the red color filter 222. The second light extractor 240 _{2 is} on the upper surface of the green color filter 224. The third light extractor 240 _{3 is} on the upper surface of the blue color filter 220. In certain exemplary embodiments, the light extractors 240 _{1 -} 240 ₃ respectively comprise a wavy or roughened top surface of the red filter 222, a wavy or roughened top surface of the green filter 224, and a blue filter The wavy or roughened top surface of the light sheet 220.

In operation, the blue light from source 202 passes through interference filters 212 _{1 -} 212 ₃ . The blue light excites the red quantum dot layer 216 to emit red light and the green quantum dot layer 218 to emit green light. Quantum dots can illuminate equally in all directions, with only a small portion being extracted toward the viewing direction. The interference filters 212 ₁ , 212 ₂ reflect the reversely emitted light to increase the amount of light extracted in the viewing direction. The red filter 222 and the green filter 224 may be absorbing color filters to prevent crosstalk between sub-pixels. The blue filter 220 attenuates and scatters the incident blue light from the light source 202 to adjust the white point and reduce the viewing angle dependence of the color. The light extractors 240 _{1 -} 240 ₃ reduce internal reflections in the red color filter 222, the green color filter 224, and the blue color filter 220, respectively.

11 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary display pixel 200 ₆ . Pixel 200 ₆ is a variation of pixel 200 described in FIG. 2 and shown. The pixel 200 _{6 is} similar to the pixel 200 _{5 of} FIG. 10 except that in the pixel 200 ₆ , the interference filter 212 is not patterned. In this example, interference filter 212 is applied over the bottom surface of substrate 238, red quantum dot layer 216, and green quantum dot layer 218. The interference filter is not patterned, and thus applying the interference filter 212 will form the first interference filter 212 ₁ and the second interference filter 212 ₂ . Pixel 200 ₆ operates similar to pixel 200 ₅ .

Figure 12 a partial cross-sectional view of a system of an exemplary display of a pixel _2007. The pixel 200 ₇ is a modification of the pixel 200 described in FIG. 2 and shown. The pixel 200 ₇ includes a light source 202, a substrate 238, an interference filter 212, a red quantum dot layer 216, a green quantum dot layer 218, a blue quantum dot layer 260, and light extractors 242 ₁ -242 ₃ . The substrate 238 may include, for example, a glass substrate or a liquid crystal matrix. The interference filter 212 covers the substrate 238. In this example, light source 202 is a UV light source, and interference filter 212 transmits UV light (eg, less than about 400 nm) and reflects all visible wavelengths (eg, red, green, and blue light).

The red quantum dot layer 216 is on and directly adjacent to the first portion of the interference filter 212, the green quantum dot layer is on and directly adjacent to the second portion of the interference filter 212, and the blue quantum dot layer 260 is interfering. The third portion of the filter 212 is on and directly adjacent to it. The first light extractor 242 _{1 is} within the red quantum dot layer 216. The second light extractor 242 _{2 is} within the green quantum dot layer 218. The third light extractor 242 _{3 is} within the blue quantum dot layer 260. The light extractors 242 _{1 -} 242 ₃ may, for example, comprise dispersed TiO ₂ particles, entrapped bubbles or another suitable bulk diffusion component.

In operation, UV light from source 202 passes through substrate 238 and interference filter 212. The UV light excites the red quantum dot layer 216 to emit red light, excite the green quantum dot layer 218 to emit green light, and excite the blue quantum dot layer 260 to emit blue light. Quantum dots can illuminate equally in all directions, with only a small portion being extracted toward the viewing direction. The interference filter 212 reflects the reversely emitted light to increase the amount of light extracted toward the viewing direction. The light extractors 242 _{1 -} 242 ₃ reduce internal reflections in the red quantum dot layer 216, the green quantum dot layer 218, and the blue quantum dot layer 260, respectively.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalents and equivalents as defined by the appended claims.

100‧‧ ‧ pixels

102‧‧‧ Backplane

104,104 ₁ -104 ₃ ‧‧‧Light source

106‧‧‧reflective layer

108‧‧‧electrode layer

110,110 ₁ -110 ₃ ‧‧‧Black matrix layer

112‧‧‧ glass layer

114‧‧‧Photoresist layer

116‧‧‧Red Filter

118‧‧‧Green Filter

120‧‧‧Blue filter

122‧‧‧Red quantum dot layer

124‧‧‧Green quantum dot layer

130‧‧‧Red subpixel

131, 133‧‧‧reflecting cavity

132‧‧‧Green subpixel

134‧‧‧Blue subpixel

135‧‧‧absorbing cavity

150, 152, 154‧ ‧ openings

200, 200 ₁ - 200 ₇ ‧ ‧ pixels

202‧‧‧Light source

204‧‧‧Polarizer layer

206‧‧‧ Backplane

208‧‧‧Liquid layer

210‧‧‧ analyzer layer

212, 212 _{1 -} 212 ₃ ‧‧‧Interference filter

214‧‧‧Black matrix layer

216‧‧‧Red quantum dot layer

218‧‧‧Green quantum dot layer

220‧‧‧Blue filter

222‧‧‧Red Filter

224‧‧‧Green Filter

226‧‧‧ glass layer

230‧‧‧Red subpixel

232‧‧‧Green subpixel

234‧‧‧Blue subpixel

238‧‧‧Substrate

240 ₁ -240 ₃ , 242 ₁ -242 ₃ ‧‧‧Light extractor

250, 252, 254‧ ‧ openings

260‧‧‧Blue quantum dot layer

Figure 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a display pixel embodiment;

Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of another display pixel embodiment;

3A to 3D and 4A to 4E illustrate cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a method of fabricating the pixel of Fig. 1;

5A-5E illustrate cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a method of fabricating a pixel of FIG. 2; and

Figures 6 through 12 illustrate partial cross-sectional views of other display pixel embodiments.

Domestic deposit information (please note according to the order of the depository, date, number)

Foreign deposit information (please note in the order of country, organization, date, number)

Claims (20)

A display comprising: a red sub-pixel comprising a first reflective cavity between a first source and a red quantum dot layer; a green sub-pixel comprising a second reflection between a second source and a green quantum dot layer a cavity; and a blue sub-pixel comprising a third absorption cavity between a third source and a blue filter. The display of claim 1, further comprising: a black matrix; wherein the red sub-pixel further comprises a red filter above the red quantum dot layer; the green sub-pixel is further included above the green quantum dot layer a green color filter; and the black matrix extends between each of the red color filters, the green color filter, and the blue color filter. The display of claim 1, wherein the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source each comprise a blue micro LED. The display of claim 1, wherein the first reflective cavity and the second reflective cavity each comprise a plurality of walls including a white photoresist; and the third absorption cavity comprises a plurality of black matrixes Wall. The display of claim 1, further comprising: a backplane electrically coupled to each of the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source; a reflective layer on the backplane and in each of the a light source, the second light source and the third light source; and a transparent electrode layer over the reflective layer and each of the first light source, the second light source and the third light source, wherein the third absorption cavity A plurality of walls including a black matrix covering the reflective layer within the blue sub-pixels is included. A display comprising: a light source; a red sub-pixel comprising a red quantum dot layer and a first interference filter directly adjacent to the red quantum dot layer, the first interference filter being on the red quantum dot layer And a green sub-pixel comprising a green quantum dot layer and a second interference filter directly adjacent to the green quantum dot layer, the second interference filter being in the green quantum dot layer and the light source between. The display of claim 6, further comprising: a blue sub-pixel comprising a blue filter and a third interference filter directly adjacent to the blue filter, the third interference filter Between the blue filter and the light source, wherein the light source comprises a blue light source; and the first interference filter, the second interference filter and the third interference filter each comprise a filter A sheet to transmit blue light and reflect red and green light. The display of claim 6, further comprising: a blue sub-pixel comprising a blue quantum dot layer and a third interference filter directly adjacent to the blue quantum dot layer, the third interference filter Between the blue quantum dot layer and the light source, wherein the light source comprises an ultraviolet light source; and the first interference filter, the second interference filter and the third interference filter each comprise a filter A sheet to transmit ultraviolet light and reflect red, green and blue light. The display of claim 6, further comprising: a plurality of first light extractors for extracting light from the red quantum dot layer; and a plurality of second light extractors for extracting light from the green quantum dot layer. The display of claim 6, wherein the red sub-pixel comprises a red filter above the red quantum dot layer; and the green sub-pixel comprises a green filter above the green quantum dot layer. A method of manufacturing a display, the method comprising: electrically coupling a first light source, a second light source, and a third light source to a backing plate; forming a first reflecting well aligned with the first light source, aligning the first a second reflection well of the two light sources and a third absorption well aligned with the third light source; applying a red filter, a green filter and a blue filter to a glass layer; applying a red color a quantum dot layer above the red filter and a green quantum dot layer above the green filter; and attaching the glass layer and the back plate such that the red quantum dot layer covers the first well, the green quantum A layer of dots covers the second well, and the blue filter covers the third well. The method of claim 11, wherein the forming the first reflective well, the second reflective well, and the third absorption well comprises: applying a reflective layer to the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source Applying a first black matrix layer over the reflective layer around the third light source; applying a second black matrix layer over the glass layer to provide a first pass through the second black matrix layer An opening, a second opening and a third opening; applying a white photoresist layer to the first opening and the second black matrix layer around the second opening; and applying a third black matrix layer to the first Above the second black matrix layer around the three openings. The method of claim 12, further comprising: applying a transparent electrode layer to the reflective layer and the first light source, the second light source and the third light source prior to applying the first black matrix layer. The method of claim 11, wherein electrically coupling the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source to the backplane comprises electrically coupling a first blue light source, a second blue light source, and a third Blue light source to the backplane. The method of claim 11, wherein applying the blue filter to the glass layer comprises applying a blue filter comprising a plurality of light extractors to the glass layer. A method of manufacturing a display, the method comprising: attaching a liquid crystal matrix and a backing plate; applying an interference filter to the liquid crystal matrix; applying a black matrix layer over the interference filter to provide through the black a first opening, a second opening and a third opening of the matrix layer; and applying a red quantum dot layer to the interference filter in the first opening, a green quantum dot layer to the second opening A blue filter is disposed on the interference filter to the interference filter in the third opening. The method of claim 16, further comprising: patterning the interference filter such that the interference filter includes a first portion aligned with the red quantum dot layer and a second aligned with the green quantum dot layer Partially aligned with a third portion of the blue filter. The method of claim 16, further comprising: applying a red filter to the red quantum dot layer; and applying a green filter to the green quantum dot layer. The method of claim 18, wherein applying the red filter comprises applying a red filter comprising a plurality of first light extractors; applying the green filter comprises applying a plurality of second light extractors comprising a second light extractor a green filter; and applying the blue filter comprises applying a blue filter comprising a plurality of third light extractors. The method of claim 16, wherein applying the red quantum dot layer comprises applying a red quantum dot layer comprising a plurality of first light extractors; applying the green quantum dot layer comprises applying a plurality of second light extractors comprising a plurality of second light extractors a green quantum dot layer; and applying the blue color filter comprises applying a blue color filter comprising a plurality of third light extractors.