TW201900743A - 單片透氣膜 - Google Patents
單片透氣膜 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201900743A TW201900743A TW107117549A TW107117549A TW201900743A TW 201900743 A TW201900743 A TW 201900743A TW 107117549 A TW107117549 A TW 107117549A TW 107117549 A TW107117549 A TW 107117549A TW 201900743 A TW201900743 A TW 201900743A
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Abstract
本發明涉及一種單片透氣膜、其製造方法及其用途。
Description
本發明涉及一種單片透氣膜、其製造方法及其用途。
典型地設計透氣織物用於提供免受風、雨和體熱損失的服裝。透氣織物典型地還是防水的(並且因此被稱為防水透氣織物,WBF),以防止液態水的滲透和吸收。
自70年代末以來,可滲透水汽的聚合物薄膜已被用於運動服裝、時尚雨衣以及防護工作服。因此,基於交互分層和總水分管理原則,WBF在戶外服裝系統中越來越多地發揮著重要的作用。
LOMAX 、 George Robert
已經提供了最初為惡劣天氣服裝設計的“透氣”塗層和薄膜的綜述。用於織物和相關工業的透氣聚胺甲酸酯薄膜。材料化學雜誌(Journal of Material Chemistry
),2007,第17卷,第2775-2784頁。
一種眾所周知的商業防水透氣織物層壓製品以商品名GORE-TEX®
出售:該層壓製品基於使用疏水性微孔的膨脹聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜作為基本功能部件。典型地,該微孔PTFE膜夾在內外織物層之間。這種材料的製備和使用已經在例如US 3953566
(ROBERT W. GORE)和US 4787390
(ROBERT W. GORE)中描述。典型地,來自PTFE透氣膜係藉由拉伸未燒結的高度結晶的PTFE片、藉由糊料擠出製備。所得的膜狀的PTFE產品具有以原纖維為特徵的微結構。
適用於生產表現出防水和水汽透過特徵的無孔膜的聚胺甲酸酯組成物已經在US 5238732
(表面塗料公司(SURFACE COATINGS, INC.))中揭露。所述薄膜可以作為獨立產品或作為多孔基底上的塗層來生產。這種塗層織物和織物層壓製品可用於製造帳篷、雨衣以及其他服裝。
熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯聚合物(TPU)已經被廣泛用於織物工業中,值得注意地是被層壓在織物基底上,在該織物基底上熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯聚合物充當高透氣屏障以允許水分蒸汽從本體中逸出,同時防止液體例如雨水進入。
申請人指出,儘管在本領域作出了努力,但仍然需要提供用於織物工業的透氣材料,該等材料既具有防水性又具有防油性並且具有優異的水汽滲透特性。
因此,在第一方面,本發明涉及一種單片透氣膜[膜(D)],該透氣膜包含由組成物[組成物(C)]獲得的至少一個層,該組成物包含: - 至少一種氟化聚胺甲酸酯(F-TPU聚合物),該F-TPU聚合物包含衍生自以下各項的重複單元: [單體(b)] 至少一種羥基封端的(全)氟聚醚聚合物[PFPE聚合物]; [單體(c)] 至少一種芳香族、脂肪族或脂環族二異氰酸酯;以及 [單體(d)] 至少一種具有從1至14個碳原子的脂肪族、脂環族或芳香族二醇; 其中,該組成物(C)包含與至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG)混合的該F-TPU聚合物。
在一個較佳的實施方式中,該F-TPU聚合物進一步包含衍生自[單體(a)]至少一種選自下組的二醇的重複單元,該組包括:聚醚型二醇、聚酯型二醇、聚丁二烯-二醇和聚碳酸酯-二醇。
在另一個優先的實施方式中,該F-TPU聚合物進一步包含衍生自[單體(e)]至少一種聚乙二醇二醇(PEG-d)的重複單元。
在第二方面,本發明涉及一種用於製造單片透氣膜[膜(D)]的方法,該方法包含: (i) 提供一種組成物[組成物(C)],該組成物包含如上定義的至少一種F-TPU聚合物、至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG)、以及可隨意地至少一種極性溶劑; (ii) 加工在步驟(i)中提供的組成物(C),由此提供該單片透氣膜(D)。
本發明的單片透氣膜(D)係有利地藉由本發明的方法可獲得的。
另一方面,本發明涉及一種包含至少兩個層的織物,其中,至少一層由如上定義的單片透氣膜(D)製成。
為了本說明書的目的: - 在標識化合物、化學式或式的部分的符號或數位之前和之後的圓括號的使用具有僅僅使那些符號或數位與該文本的剩餘部分的更好區別目的,並且因此所述圓括號還可以被省略; - 術語“(全)氟聚醚”旨在表示“完全或部分氟化的聚醚”; - 表述“(全)氟聚氧伸烷基鏈”旨在表示部分或完全氟化的、直鏈或支鏈的聚氧伸烷基鏈; - 術語“整體的”旨在表示該薄膜係緻密的聚合物膜,典型地是沒有氣孔和針孔的薄膜形式; - 術語“透氣的”和“透氣性”旨在表示織物允許水分蒸汽透過材料傳遞但仍然防止液態水從外部滲透的能力。根據ASTM E96/E96M評估這項性能; - 表述“包含衍生自以下項的重複單元的F-TPU聚合物”旨在表示該F-TPU聚合物由藉由使至少單體(b)、單體(c)和單體(d)、以及可隨意地單體(a)和單體(e)一起反應(例如藉由縮合反應)獲得的重複單元組成。
膜(D)可以是自立式單片透氣膜或被支撐在基底上。
當該膜被支撐在基底上時,藉由將單片透氣膜層壓到適合的基底上獲得膜(D)。
所述基底較佳是選自織物基底和聚合物基底,值得注意地由烯烴(例如聚丙烯(PP))以及氟化物(例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE))製造。
較佳是,所述膜(D)具有從0.5 μm至250 μm、更較佳是從1 μm至200 μm、並且甚至更較佳是從5 μm至150 μm的厚度。在本發明中,具有從10 μm至70 μm的厚度的所述膜(D)的實施方式係較佳的。
較佳是,該F-TPU聚合物係嵌段共聚物,即,包含嵌段(還被稱為“區段”)的聚合物,每種嵌段包含衍生自如上定義的單體(b)、單體(c)、單體(d)以及單體(a)和單體(e)(當存在時)的重複單元。
較佳是,所述F-TPU聚合物具有從30,000至約200,000 Da的重均分子量(Mw
),該重均分子量藉由凝膠滲透層析(GPC)技術測定。
較佳是,所述F-TPU聚合物具有從約120℃至約240℃的熔點(Tm
)。
當存在時,所述單體(a)具有從500至4,000 Da、更較佳是從1,000至4,000的數均分子量。
較佳是,所述單體(a)係氫化單體,更較佳是選自包括以下各項之群組:聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚(四亞甲基)二醇(PTMG)、聚(1,4-丁二醇)己二酸酯、聚(乙二醇-1,4-丁二醇)己二酸酯、聚(1,6-己二醇-新戊基)二醇己二酸酯、聚-已內酯-二醇(PCL)和聚碳酸酯-二醇。聚(四亞甲基)二醇、聚-已內酯-二醇和聚碳酸酯-二醇係特別較佳的。
較佳是,所述至少一種單體(b)係羥基封端的(全)氟聚醚聚合物[PFPE聚合物],即包含具有兩個鏈末端的(全)氟聚氧伸烷基鏈[鏈(Rpf
)]的聚合物,其中,一個或兩個鏈末端係以至少一個-OH基團封端。
較佳是,該鏈(Rpf
)的至少一個鏈末端係以具有下式的基團封端: -CH2
(OCH2
CH2
)t
-OH (I) 其中 t係0或者從1至5。
更較佳是,該鏈(Rpf
)的兩個鏈末端以如上定義的具有式(I)的基團封端。
較佳是,所述鏈(Rpf
)係具有下式的鏈 -O-D-(CFX#
)z1
-O(Rf
)(CFX*
)z2
-D*-O- 其中 z1和z2,彼此相同或不同,係等於或大於1、較佳是從1至10、更較佳是從1至3; X#
和X*,彼此相同或不同,係-F或-CF3
,前提係當z1和/或z2大於1時,X#
和X*係-F; D和D*,彼此相同或不同,係包含從1至6個碳原子並且甚至更較佳是從1至3個碳原子的伸烷基鏈,該烷基鏈可隨意地被至少一個包含從1至3個碳原子的全氟烷基取代; (Rf
)包含重複單元R°、較佳是由重複單元R°組成,該重複單元獨立地選自由以下各項組成之群組: (i) -CFXO-,其中X係F或CF3
; (ii) -CFXCFXO-,其中X,在每次出現時相同或不同,係F或CF3
,其前提係至少一個X係-F; (iii) -CF2
CF2
CW2
O-,其中每個W彼此相同或不同,係選自F、Cl、H; (iv) -CF2
CF2
CF2
CF2
O-; (v) -(CF2
)j
-CFZ-O-,其中j係從0至3的整數並且Z係具有通式-O-R(f-a)
-T的基團,其中R(f-a)
係包含數量從0至10個的重複單元之氟聚氧伸烷基(fluoropolyoxyalkene)鏈,該重複單元係選自以下各項:-CFXO-、-CF2
CFXO-、 -CF2
CF2
CF2
O-、-CF2
CF2
CF2
CF2
O-,其中每個X獨立地是F或CF3
,並且T係C1
-C3
全氟烷基基團。
更較佳是,鏈(Rf
)係選自下式(Rf
-a)至(Rf
-c): (Rf
-a) -(CF2
O)n
(CF2
CF2
O)m
(CF2
CF2
CF2
O)p
(CF2
CF2
CF2
CF2
O)q
- 其中,m、n、p、q係0或以使得鏈Rf
滿足以上數均分子量要求的方式選擇的整數,其前提係如果p和q同時是0,n不是0;當m不是0時,該m/n的比較佳是在0.1與20之間;當(m+n)不是0時,(p+q)/(m+n)較佳是在0與0.2之間; (Rf
-b) -(CF2
CF(CF3
)O)a
(CF2
CF2
O)b
(CF2
O)c
(CF(CF3
)O)d
- 其中,a、b、c、d係0或以使得鏈Rf
滿足以上數均分子量要求的方式選擇的整數;其前提係a、c和d中的至少一個不是0;當b不是0時,a/b較佳是在0.1與10之間;當(a+b)不同於0時,(c+d)/(a+b)較佳是在0.01與0.5之間、更較佳是在0.01與0.2之間; (Rf
-c) -(CF2
CF(CF3
)O)e
(CF2
O)f
(CF(CF3
)O)g
- 其中,e、f、g係0或者以使得鏈Rf
滿足以上數均分子量要求的方式選擇的整數;當e不是0時,(f+g)/e較佳是在0.01與0.5之間、更較佳是在0.01與0.2之間。
本發明中特別較佳是PFPE聚合物,其中鏈(Rf
)符合如以上定義的式(Rf
-a),其中p和q係0。
在較佳的實施方式中,所述PFPE聚合物符合下式(PFPE-I): HO-(CH2
CH2
O)t
-CH2
-(Rpf
)-CH2
(OCH2
CH2
)u
-OH (PFPE-I) 其中 t和u各自獨立地是0或者從1至5;並且 Rpf
係如上定義的。
較佳是,所述PFPE聚合物具有從400至10,000 Da、更較佳是從1,000至5,000的重均分子量。
在較佳的實施方式中,單體(a)(當存在時)與單體(b)之間的莫耳比係從2至20、更較佳是從2至10。
在較佳的實施方式中,單體(b)的量使得F-TPU聚合物包含基於F-TPU聚合物的重量從1 wt.%至80 wt.%的氟、較佳是從1 wt.%至70 wt.%。
較佳是,所述至少一種單體(c)具有500 Da或更低、較佳是從10至500 Da的數量分子量。
較佳是,所述至少一種單體(c)係選自包括以下各項之群組、較佳是由以下各項組成:4,4’-亞甲基-二伸苯基-二-異氰酸酯(MDI)、1,6-己烷-二異氰酸酯(HDI)、2,4-甲苯-二異氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯-二異氰酸酯、二甲苯-二異氰酸酯、萘-二異氰酸酯、對伸苯基-二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基(hexamethylen)-二異氰酸酯、異佛爾酮-二異氰酸酯、4,4’-二環己基-甲烷-二異氰酸酯以及環己基-1,4-二異氰酸酯。 MDI和HDI係特別較佳的。
較佳是,所述至少一種單體(d)係選自包括以下各項之群組、較佳是由以下各項組成:乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、1,6-己烷二醇(HDO)、N,N-二乙醇胺和N,N-二異丙醇苯胺。BDO和HDO係特別較佳的。
在較佳的實施方式中,衍生自單體(c)和(d)的嵌段的和係基於該F-TPU聚合物的總重量從10 wt.%至60 wt.%。
較佳是,所述單體(e)係具有從200至10,000、更較佳是從400至8,000的重均分子量的至少一種聚乙二醇二醇(PEG-d)。
較佳是,當存在時,所述至少一種單體(e)的量係基於所述F-TPU聚合物的總重量從5 wt.%至75 wt.%、較佳是從7 wt.%至70 wt.%。
較佳是,使用兩種或更多種的具有不同分子量的所述單體(e)的混合物。例如但不限於,可以使用具有從200至800的重均分子量的第一單體(e)與具有從1,000至10,000的重均分子量的第二單體(e)的混合物。
熟習該項技術者將容易地理解包含衍生自單體(a)、單體(b)和單體(e)(當存在時)的重複單元的嵌段係類橡膠嵌段,而包含衍生自單體(c)和(d)的重複單元的嵌段係硬嵌段。
在較佳的實施方式中,至少80%的包含衍生自所述單體(b)的重複單元的嵌段[嵌段B],在其至少一端藉由包含衍生自單體(c)的重複單元的嵌段[嵌段C]連接到包含衍生自單體(a)的重複單元的嵌段[嵌段A]上。 換言之,嵌段B的至少80%包含在以下類型的序列中:-[A-C-B-C]-。
有利地,該F-TPU聚合物可以根據本領域已知的方法(例如像如上定義的單體溶液的擠出、注塑模製、流延)或遵循在US 5332798
(奧塞蒙特公司(AUSIMONT S.P.A.))中揭露的程式製備。
較佳是,所述組成物(C)包含基於所述組成物(C)的總重量從0.1 wt.%至100 wt.%的量的所述F-TPU聚合物。
較佳是,所述組成物(C)進一步包含至少一種極性有機溶劑。
較佳是,所述至少一種極性有機溶劑係選自包括以下各項之群組、更較佳是由以下各項組成:N-甲基-吡咯啶酮(NMP)、二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲亞碸(DMSO)、四氫呋喃(THF)、乙酸、甲酸、甲基-5-二甲基胺基-2-甲基-5-氧代戊酸酯(商業可獲得的商品名為Rhodialsov Polarclean®)以及磷酸三乙基酯(TEP)。
較佳是,所述組成物(C)包含基於所述組成物(C)的總重量至少1 wt.%、更較佳是至少5 wt.%的量的至少一種F-TPU聚合物。
較佳是,所述組成物(C)包含基於所述組成物(C)的總重量至多99 wt.%、更較佳是至多95 wt.%的量的至少一種F-TPU聚合物。
甚至更較佳是,組成物(C)包含基於所述組成物(C)的總重量從55 wt.%至90 wt.%的量的至少一種F-TPU聚合物。
較佳是,所述組成物(C)包含基於所述組成物(C)的總重量至多99 wt.%、更較佳是至多95 wt.%的量的至少一種溶劑。
較佳是,所述組成物(C)包含基於所述組成物(C)的總重量至少1 wt.%、更較佳是至少5 wt.%的量的至少一種溶劑。
甚至更較佳是,所述組成物(C)包含基於所述組成物(C)的總重量從10 wt.%至45 wt.%的至少一種溶劑。
較佳是,所述組成物(C)包含至少一種另外的成分。
適合的另外的成分係較佳是選自包括以下各項之群組:增塑劑、成核劑、填料、潛在有機溶劑、表面活性劑以及不同於該F-TPU聚合物的聚合物,例如像聚偏氟乙烯、聚碸、聚醚碸以及氫化熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯(TPU)聚合物。
每種所述另外的成分的量可以由熟習該項技術者選擇。例如,可以使用基於所述組成物(C)的總重量從0.01 wt.%至30 wt.%的量的每種所述另外的成分。
適合的增塑劑較佳是選自包括以下各項之群組以下各項、較佳是由以下各項組成:磷酸酯,例如磷酸三甲苯酯;鄰苯二甲酸酯,例如鄰苯二甲酸二乙酯、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯;癸二酸酯,例如癸二酸二辛酯。
較佳是將不同於該F-TPU聚合物的所述聚合物以基於組成物(C)的總重量從0.05 wt.%至15 wt.%的量添加到組成物(C)中。
較佳是,當所述組成物(C)包含與至少一種PEG混合的所述F-TPU聚合物時,所述PEG的量基於所述組成物(C)的總重量從1 wt.%至30 wt.%、更較佳是從5 wt.%至20 wt.%。
在根據本發明的用於製造膜(D)的方法的步驟(i)中,該組成物(C)典型地藉由任何常規技術製造。
例如,藉由將所述至少一種F-TPU聚合物與如上定義的所述PEG混合在一起,可隨意地與至少一種極性熔劑、可隨意地與一種另外的成分以任何順序混合製備如上定義的組成物(C)。
可以使用任何適合的混合設備。較佳是,選擇混合設備以減少夾帶在組成物(C)中的空氣的量,這種夾帶可能導致最終膜中的缺陷。F-TPU聚合物、溶劑、PEG以及任何其他另外的成分的混合可以方便地在密封容器中、可隨意地保持在惰性氣氛下進行。已經發現惰性氣氛並且更確切地說是氮氣氛特別有利於製造組成物(C)。
在攪拌過程中獲得透明的均勻組成物(C)所需要的混合時間可以根據組分的溶解速率、溫度、混合裝置的效率、組成物(C)的黏度、以及類似因素廣泛地變化。
在根據本發明方法的步驟(ii)中,可以使用常規技術用於處理組成物(C)由此提供薄膜。
術語“薄膜”在此被用於指本發明的組成物(C)在本發明方法的步驟(ii)中加工後所獲得的該組成物的層。術語“薄膜”在此以其通常的含義使用,即它係指離散的、總體上薄的緻密層。
取決於膜的最終形式,當要求平坦的膜時,該薄膜可以是平坦的,或者當要求管狀的或中空纖維膜時,該薄膜在形狀上是管狀的。
根據本發明的第一實施方式,用於製造膜(D)的方法在液相中進行。
根據該第一實施方式的方法較佳是包括: (i^) 提供液體組成物[組成物(CL
)],該液體組成物包括: - 如上定義的至少一種F-TPU聚合物, - 如上詳述的至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG);以及 - 至少一種液體介質[介質(L)]; (ii^) 加工在步驟(i)中提供的組成物(CL
),由此提供薄膜;以及 (iii^) 乾燥在步驟(ii)中提供的薄膜,由此提供膜(D)。
術語“溶劑”在此是以其通常的含義使用,即它表示能夠溶解另一種物質(溶質)以形成在分子水平上均勻分散的混合物的物質。在聚合物溶質的情況下,慣例係指在生成的混合物係透明的並且在該系統中沒有可見的相分離時,聚合物在溶劑中的溶液。發生相分離的點,通常稱為“濁點”,被認為是由於形成聚合物凝聚物,溶液變得混濁或模糊的那個點。
介質(L)較佳是包含至少一種有機溶劑。有機溶劑的合適實例係: - 脂肪烴類,該等脂肪烴包括,更具體地,石蠟如,具體地、戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、壬烷、癸烷、十一烷、十二烷或環己烷,以及萘和芳烴類並且更具體地芳烴類如,具體地、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、異丙苯,由烷基苯類混合物構成的石油餾份; - 脂肪族或芳香族鹵代烴類,該等脂肪族或芳香族鹵代烴包括更具體地,全氯化烴類如,具體地,四氯乙烯、六氯乙烷; - 部分氯化烴類,如二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、五氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、1-氯丁烷、1,2-二氯丁烷、一氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、1,3-二氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯或不同氯苯的混合物; - 脂肪族、脂環族或芳香族醚氧化物類,更具體地,二乙醚、二丙醚、二異丙醚、二丁醚、甲基三級丁基醚、二戊醚、二異戊醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二丁醚、苄醚;二氧六環、四氫呋喃(THF); - 二甲亞碸(DMSO); - 乙二醇醚類,如乙二醇單甲醚、乙二醇單乙醚、乙二醇單丙醚、乙二醇單異丙醚、乙二醇單丁醚、乙二醇單苯醚、乙二醇單苄醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單正丁醚; - 乙二醇醚酯,如乙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯; - 醇類,包括多元醇,如甲醇、乙醇、二丙酮醇、乙二醇; - 酮類,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二異丁基酮、環己酮、異佛爾酮; - 羧酸,如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、氧乙酸、乙醇酸、氯乙酸、三氟乙酸; - 直鏈的或環狀的酯類,如乙酸異丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙醯乙酸甲酯,鄰苯二甲酸二甲酯、γ-丁內酯; - 直鏈的或環狀的羧醯胺類,如N,N-二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)、N,N-二乙基乙醯胺、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二乙基甲醯胺或N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP); - 有機碳酸酯類,如碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸乙基甲基酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亞乙烯酯; - 磷酸酯類,如磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯(TEP); - 脲類,如四甲基脲、四乙基脲; - 甲基-5-二甲基胺基-2-甲基-5-氧代戊酸酯(商業可獲得的商品名為Rhodialsov Polarclean®)。
如果需要,所述介質(L)可以進一步包含至少一種潛在有機溶劑。
為了本發明的目的,術語“潛在的”旨在表示僅當超過特定溫度加熱時表現為活性溶劑的有機溶劑。
較佳是,所述至少一種有機溶劑係選自至少一種極性溶劑,例如上面列出的那些及其組合。
介質(L)較佳是包含基於所述介質(L)的總重量至少40 wt.%、更較佳是至少50 wt.%的至少一種有機溶劑。介質(L)較佳是包含基於所述介質(L)的總重量至多100 wt.%、更較佳是至多99 wt.%的至少一種有機溶劑。
在步驟(i^)中,藉由任何常規技術來製造組成物(CL
)。例如,可以將該介質(L)添加到F-TPU聚合物中,或者較佳是,可以將F-TPU聚合物添加到介質(L)中,或者甚至可以將F-TPU聚合物和介質(L)同時混合。
可以使用任何適合的混合設備。較佳是,選擇混合設備以減少夾帶在組成物(CL
)中的空氣的量,這種夾帶可能導致最終膜中的缺陷。F-TPU聚合物與介質(L)的混合可以方便地在密封容器中、可隨意地保持在惰性氣氛下進行。已發現惰性氣氛並且更確切地說是氮氣氛特別有利於製造組成物(CL
)。
在步驟(i^)中,在攪拌過程中獲得透明均勻的組成物(CL
)所需要的混合時間可以根據組分的溶解速率、溫度、混合裝置的效率、組成物(CL
)的黏度等廣泛地變化。
在步驟(ii^)中,典型地在液相中加工組成物(CL
)。
在步驟(ii^)中,典型地藉由流延來加工組成物(CL
)由此提供薄膜。
流延通常涉及溶液流延,其中,典型地使用流延刀、拉伸棒或狹縫式模具將包含適合的介質(L)的液體組成物的均勻薄膜鋪展到適合的支持物上。
在步驟(ii^)中,藉由流延來加工組成物(CL
)的溫度可以與組成物(CL
)在攪拌下混合時的溫度相同或不同。
根據所述膜(D)的最終形狀使用不同的流延技術。
在步驟(iii^)中,乾燥較佳是在靜態或通風烘箱中或在真空下進行。
進行步驟(iii^)的適合的條件,值得注意地是乾燥溫度、通風速率以及乾燥時間,可以由熟習該項技術者根據介質(L)的性質、及其濃度以及如在步驟(ii^)中形成的待乾燥薄膜的厚度來選擇。當需要時,有利地為所述步驟(iii^)設置溫度斜率。
當最終產品係平坦的膜(D)時,典型地借助流延刀、拉伸棒或狹縫式模具將組成物(CL
)流延成在平坦的支持基底上的薄膜,該支持基底上典型地是板、帶或織物、或另一種微孔支持膜。
根據步驟(ii^)的第一實施方式,組成物(CL
)藉由流延到平坦的支援基底上進行加工來提供平坦的薄膜。
根據步驟(ii^)的第二實施方式,加工組成物(CL
)以提供管狀薄膜。所述管狀薄膜可以被提供在支援基底上或作為自立式管狀薄膜。
根據步驟(ii^)的該第二實施方式的變體,使用噴絲頭來製造管狀薄膜。
藉由根據第一實施方式的方法可獲得的膜(D)可以經歷額外的後處理步驟,例如沖洗和/或拉伸。
藉由根據本發明的第一實施方式的方法可獲得的膜(D)典型地使用與介質(L)可混溶的液體介質沖洗。
藉由根據本發明的第一實施方式的方法可獲得的膜(D)可以有利地被拉伸。
根據本發明的第二實施方式,在熔融相中進行用於製造膜(D)的方法。
根據本發明的第二實施方式的方法較佳是包括以下步驟: (i^^) 提供包含如上定義的至少一種F-TPU聚合物以及如上詳述的至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG)的固體組成物[組成物(CS
)]; (ii^^-A) 加工在步驟(i^^)中提供的組成物(CS
),由此提供薄膜,以及(iii^^-A)拉伸在步驟(ii^^-A)中提供的該薄膜,由此提供膜;或者 (ii^^-B) 加工在步驟(i^^)中提供的組成物(CS
),由此提供纖維,以及(iii^^-B)加工在步驟(ii^^-B)中提供的纖維,由此提供膜(D)。
在步驟(ii^^-A)中,較佳是在熔融相中加工組成物(CS
)。
熔融成型通常被用於藉由薄膜擠出(較佳是藉由扁平流延薄膜擠出或藉由吹塑薄膜擠出)製造緻密薄膜。
根據這種技術,組成物(CS
)藉由模口擠出以便獲得熔融的帶,之後將該帶進行校準並且在兩個方向上拉伸,直至獲得所要求的厚度和寬度。熔融混配組成物(CS
)以獲得熔融組成物。總體上,熔融混配係在一台擠出機中進行的。組成物(CS
)典型地在通常低於250℃、較佳是低於200℃的溫度下藉由模口進行擠出,由此提供線料,典型地將其切割,從而提供粒料。
雙螺杆擠出機係用於實現組成物(CS
)的熔融混配的較佳的設備。
然後可以藉由傳統薄膜擠出技術加工如此獲得的粒料來製造薄膜。薄膜擠出較佳是藉由流延薄膜擠出工藝或熱吹塑膜擠出過程來實現。薄膜擠出更較佳是藉由熱吹塑薄膜擠出工藝來實現。
在步驟(iii^^-A)中,在步驟(ii^^-A)中提供的薄膜可以在熔融相中或在其在冷卻時被凝固後被拉伸。
藉由本發明的方法可獲得的膜(D)典型地在較佳是至少30℃的溫度下進行乾燥。
乾燥可以在空氣或改性的氣氛下下進行,例如在惰性氣體中,典型地除去水分(水汽含量小於0.001% v/v)。乾燥可以可替代地在真空下進行。
本發明的膜(D)可以呈平坦膜的形式或者呈管狀膜的形式。
在本發明中平坦膜通常是較佳的。
如果最終使用需要,所述膜(D)的至少一個表面可以被處理以對其表面性質進行改性,例如藉由物理或化學處理,例如電漿處理、電暈處理以及化學表面最終處理。
有利地,根據本發明的膜(D)允許製造防水透氣織物,因為它允許減少或防止水從外部滲透到內部,同時幫助水汽從內部傳輸到外部。
防水透氣織物(WBF)典型地被製造為具有1.5至2米寬以及100至5000米長的連續卷。
根據本發明的防水透氣織物較佳是包括包含基底的第一層以及黏附到所述第一層的包含膜(D)的第二層。
根據本發明的一種或多種防水透氣織物可以例如如下製造: - 提供基底,例如像織造基底、針織基底或聚合物基底; - 使所述基底與如以上定義的組成物(C)接觸; - 可隨意地,轉移塗覆;以及 - 層壓,以便在所述基底上提供包含如上定義的所述膜(D)的織物。
有利地,為了從外部環境保護膜(D),可以在包含所述膜(D)的層上提供至少一個第三層。
例如,該第三層可以包含三塗層網或可在膜(D)上提供的耐久防水(DBR)層。
因此,根據本發明的最終織物將包含第一層(包含至少一個如上所定義的基底)、第二層(包含根據本發明的膜(D))以及第三層(較佳是包含所述三塗層網或所述DBR層),其中該第二層是插置在該第一層與該第三層之間。
可隨意地,在包括該基底的該第一層與包括膜(D)的該第二層之間提供隔離層。
若藉由援引方式併入本申請的任何專利案、專利申請案以及公開物的揭露內容與本申請的描述相衝突到了可能導致術語不清楚的程度,則本說明應該優先。
本發明將在下文中借助於包含於以下實驗部分中的實例更詳細地進行說明;該等實例僅是說明性的並且絕不解釋為限制本發明的範圍。實驗部分
材料
- 單體(a): 具有約2,000的分子量(Mw)和約56 mg KOH/g的-OH值的CAPATM
2201(來自柏斯托公司(Perstorp))聚己內酯-二醇(PLC); - 具有下式的單體(b): H(OCH2
CH2
)p
OCH2
CF2
O(CF2
CF2
O)m
(CF2
O)n
CF2
CH2
O(CH2
CH2
O)p
H 其中p=4.7並且Mw約為2,000 - 單體(c): 二伸苯基-4,4’-二異氰酸酯(MDI) - 單體(d): 1,4-丁二醇(BDO) - 催化劑: 新癸酸鋅 - 溶劑和添加劑係從西格瑪奧德里奇公司(Sigma Aldrich)獲得的: 二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc) 聚乙二醇(PEG) 6000
方法
F-TPU 聚合物樣品的製備
從上述單體開始按照在以上列出的US 5,332,798(授予奧塞蒙特公司(Ausimont S.p.A))的實例15中詳述的相同的程式製備F-TPU聚合物樣品1和對比的H-TPU 1。以在下表1中報告的莫耳比率使用該等單體。表 1
(*)對比
溶液製備
藉由在溶劑(DMAC)中添加每種聚合物和可隨意的添加劑PEG 6000(F-TPU/PEG6000的重量比係10/1)來製備溶液。該溶劑的濃度係90% w/w。
在混合後,用機械錨杆在室溫(RT)下進行攪拌4小時。
單片透氣膜的製備
藉由在40℃下借助於自動化的流延刀將按照以上揭露的程式獲得的聚合物溶液在適合的光滑玻璃支持物上成膜來製備扁平的單片透氣膜。刀刃間隙被設定為500 µm。流延後,將溶劑在130℃的真空烘箱中蒸發4小時。
製備多個膜,使得獲得的樣品適合根據ASTM E96/96M和ASTM D5725-99進行評估。
重均分子量的測量
F-TPU聚合物的重均分子量借助凝膠滲透層析(GPC)技術確定。
在四氫呋喃(THF)中以0.5 %wt./vol的濃度製備每種F-TPU聚合物的溶液。然後使用Sorvall RC-6 Plus離心機在室溫下以20,000 rpm將該溶液離心60分鐘,並且將上清液注入GPC裝置中。為了關聯保留時間和分子量,從具有分子量從1,700至4,000,000 Da的聚苯乙烯的窄標準計算校準曲線。
接觸角 (CA) 的測量
根據ASTM D5725-99藉由使用DSA10儀器(來自Krüss GmbH,德國)在25℃下評估對水和十六烷(C16)的接觸角。結果記錄在表2中。
水汽滲透率試驗
(WVT)
根據ASTM E96/96M使用水法測量水汽滲透率。
將具有適合在ASTM E96/E96M中描述的裝置中使用的形狀和尺寸的膜樣品(來自在下表中詳述的每種聚合物組成物)密封到包含蒸餾水的試驗盤的開口上。然後將該元件放置在氣氛可控的氣候室中。週期稱重確定了來自可控氣氛中存在的水的水汽藉由該樣品的移動速率。將溫度設定在38℃並且測量氣候室的相對濕度並發現其等於10%。在試驗盤中,相對濕度標稱為100%。
水汽透過率(WVT)表示為g/m2
*天。根據這個WVT值,由該樣品的厚度(以微米計)和驅動力獲得絕對滲透率值,其中該驅動力由下式表示: 驅動力=S*(100-10)/100 其中S係在38℃和6650 Pa下水的飽和蒸汽壓。
滲透率數據在表2中報告。表 2
(*)對比
N/P表示由於防油值(CA C16)不夠所以沒有進行試驗。
在表2中報告的結果示出,在根據本發明的用於製備膜的組成物中添加PEG部分允許增加滲透率而不會對防水性和防油性產生負面影響。
Claims (14)
- 一種單片透氣膜[膜(D)],該透氣膜包含由組成物[組成物(C)]獲得的至少一個層,該組成物包含: - 至少一種氟化聚胺甲酸酯(F-TPU聚合物),該F-TPU聚合物包含衍生自以下各項的重複單元: [單體(b)] 至少一種羥基封端的(全)氟聚醚聚合物[PFPE聚合物]; [單體(c)] 至少一種芳香族、脂肪族或脂環族二異氰酸酯;以及 [單體(d)] 至少一種具有從1至14個碳原子的脂肪族、脂環族或芳香族二醇, 其中,該組成物(C)包含與至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG)混合的該F-TPU聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之單片透氣膜,其中,該F-TPU聚合物進一步包含衍生自[單體(a)]至少一種二醇的重複單元,該二醇較佳是選自包括以下各項之群組:聚醚型二醇、聚酯型二醇、聚丁二烯-二醇和聚碳酸酯-二醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之單片透氣膜,其中,該F-TPU聚合物進一步包含衍生自[單體(e)]至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG)的重複單元。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之單片透氣膜,其中,該至少一種單體(b)係包含具有兩個鏈末端的(全)氟聚氧伸烷基鏈[鏈(Rpf )]之羥基封端的(全)氟聚醚聚合物[PFPE聚合物],其中,一個或兩個鏈末端係以至少一個-OH基團封端。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之單片透氣膜,其中,該鏈(Rpf )的至少一個鏈末端係以具有下式的基團封端: -CH2 (OCH2 CH2 )t -OH (I) 其中 t係0或者從1至5。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之單片透氣膜,其中,該鏈(Rpf )係具有下式的鏈: -O-D-(CFX# )z1 -O(Rf )(CFX* )z2 -D*-O- 其中 z1和z2彼此相同或不同,係等於或大於1;X# 和X*彼此相同或不同,係-F或-CF3 ,前提是當z1和/或z2大於1時,X# 和X*係-F; D和D*彼此相同或不同,係包含從1至6個碳原子的伸烷基鏈,該烷基鏈可隨意地被至少一個包含從1至3個碳原子的全氟烷基取代; (Rf )包含重複單元R°,較佳是由重複單元R°組成,該重複單元獨立地選自由以下各項組成之群組: (i) -CFXO-,其中X係F或CF3 ; (ii) -CFXCFXO-,其中X,在每次出現時相同或不同,係F或CF3 ,其前提是至少一個X係-F; (iii) -CF2 CF2 CW2 O-,其中每個W彼此相同或不同,係選自F、Cl、H; (iv) -CF2 CF2 CF2 CF2 O-; (v) -(CF2 )j -CFZ-O-,其中j係從0至3的整數,並且Z係具有通式-O-R(f-a) -T的基團,其中R(f-a) 係包含數量從0至10個的重複單元之氟聚氧伸烷基鏈,該重複單元係選自以下各項:-CFXO-、-CF2 CFXO-、-CF2 CF2 CF2 O-、-CF2 CF2 CF2 CF2 O-,其中每個X獨立地是F或CF3 ,並且T係C1 -C3 全氟烷基基團。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之單片透氣膜,其中,該膜係平坦的或具有管狀形狀。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之單片透氣膜,其中,該膜具有從0.5 µm至250 µm、較佳是從1 µm至200 µm、並且更佳是從5 µm至150 µm的厚度。
- 一種用於製造單片透氣膜[膜(D)]之方法,該方法包括: (i) 提供組成物[組成物(C)],該組成物包含至少一種氟化聚胺甲酸酯[F-TPU聚合物],該F-TPU聚合物包含衍生自以下各項的重複單元: [單體(b)] 至少一種羥基封端的(全)氟聚醚聚合物[PFPE聚合物]; [單體(c)] 至少一種芳香族、脂肪族或脂環族二異氰酸酯;以及 [單體(d)] 至少一種具有從1至14個碳原子的脂肪族、脂環族或芳香族二醇; 至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG);以及 隨意地至少一種極性溶劑; (ii) 加工在步驟(i)中提供的組成物(C),由此提供該單片透氣膜(D)。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中,該方法係在液相中進行並且包括以下步驟: (i^) 提供液體組成物[組成物(CL )],該液體組成物包括: - 至少一種如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項中定義之F-TPU聚合物, - 至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG);以及 - 至少一種液體介質[介質(L)],該液體介質較佳是選自至少一種極性溶劑; (ii^) 加工步驟(i)中提供的組成物(CL ),由此提供薄膜;以及 (iii^) 乾燥在步驟(ii)中提供的薄膜,由此提供膜(D)。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之方法,其中,該方法係在熔融相中進行並且包括以下步驟: (i^^) 提供固體組成物[組成物(CS )],該固體組成物包含至少一種如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項中定義之F-TPU聚合物以及至少一種聚乙二醇(PEG); (ii^^-A) 加工在步驟(i^^)中提供的組成物(CS ),由此提供薄膜,以及(iii^^-A)拉伸在步驟(ii^^-A)中提供的該薄膜,由此提供膜;或者 (ii^^-B) 加工在步驟(i^^)中提供的組成物(CS ),由此提供纖維,以及(iii^^-B)加工在步驟(ii^^-B)中提供的纖維,由此提供膜(D)。
- 一種包含至少兩層的織物,其中,至少一層係由如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項中定義之單片透氣膜(D)製成。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之織物,其中,該織物包括: - 包含至少一個基底的第一層, - 包含如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項中定義之膜(D)的第二層,以及 - 第三層,該第三層較佳包含三塗層網或耐久防水(DBR)層, 其中,該第二層是插置在該第一層與該第三層之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之織物,其中,在包括該基底的該第一層與包括該膜(D)的該第二層之間提供隔離層。
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