TW201828824A - 粉狀食品之製備和著色 - Google Patents

粉狀食品之製備和著色 Download PDF

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TW201828824A
TW201828824A TW107103768A TW107103768A TW201828824A TW 201828824 A TW201828824 A TW 201828824A TW 107103768 A TW107103768 A TW 107103768A TW 107103768 A TW107103768 A TW 107103768A TW 201828824 A TW201828824 A TW 201828824A
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tio
sio
flakes
mixture
mica flakes
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TW107103768A
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亞歷山大 彼德
羅夫 舒溫佛詩
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德商麥克專利有限公司
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Abstract

本發明關於一種製備且著色粉狀食品之方法，該方法之特徵在於未著色之粉狀食品與以薄片型基材為底質之效果顏料混合。

Description

粉狀食品之製備和著色
本發明關於一種製備且著色粉狀食品之方法，該方法之特徵在於未著色之粉狀食品與以薄片型基材為底質之效果顏料混合。
於非功能性用途上，以薄片型基材為底質之效果顏料於例如食品科技或化妝品領域正逐漸地被使用以增進產品之外觀，因為引人注意之顏色和效應能帶給視者和消費者愉悅的主觀印象。於製備效果顏料上，對顏料之純度和品質存有嚴格之要求。因此，效果顏料(較佳地珠光和干涉顏料)亦被用於食品領域以改善顏色效應或賦予顏色。 　　當用於食品領域時，珠光顏料可被懸浮於多重液體，諸如例如水、乙醇、酸或甚至油。此時產生珠光顏料之均質分散液或懸浮液。 　　然而，需要在不必預先懸浮呈粉末或粒子之形式的食品於液體之情況下直接著色該食品。迄今，若使用固定劑或黏著劑，則僅能分別施加著色劑至例如粉狀湯料之成分的表面，該成分係諸如例如呈小塊的麵條。此表示需要進一步之必要製程步驟並另外使用其他添加劑(諸如例如纖維素或蟲膠)以黏著或固定著色劑於各別產物之表面。
因此，本發明之目標係提供一種著色粉狀食品之方法，該方法相較於先前技術改善成本效益和接受度。 　　令人意外地，經發現：可有利方便地使用以薄片型基材為底質之效果顏料以著色粉狀食品而不須使彼之多種成分的表面分別著色。因此，藉由簡單混合且不須各別預先處理或預先著色，經使用珠光顏料可使例如呈小塊的麵條著色。此方式使使用額外之結合劑或固定劑(諸如例如纖維素、阿拉伯樹膠、蟲膠等)為多餘。透過該等成分與一或多種效果顏料之簡單混合所產生之純粹物理性黏著功效，發生該(等)效果顏料適當地固定或黏著於乾燥或粉狀食品之產物表面。除了簡單操作外，有利的是不須加入其他添加劑至該食品，因為添加劑一般應受限制為絕對必要者，即每一其他添加劑係不欲的。 　　於本申請案中，該“粉狀食品”包含呈粉末或粒子形式之所有食品，特別是調味料、調味料混合物、烘焙混合物、用於肉製品產業之預混料、即溶飲料或速食湯。該粉狀食品較佳地包含即溶飲料或速食湯。該粉狀食品特佳地係速食湯，諸如例如小包湯、乾湯，例如麵條湯、或類似產品。此處，該食品粉末或粒子之一般粒度＜10 mm，較佳地＜8 mm且特定地＜5 mm。 　　速食湯(諸如例如麵條湯)係工業化生產之乾燥成分的混合物，該等乾燥成分係諸如麵條、蔬菜、油脂、增味劑(諸如例如麩胺酸一鈉)、香料及調味料，且該等乾燥成分業已經預先烹煮或預先處理，使得該等乾燥成分與熱水混合且可能地經短暫沸騰而產生能立即食用之湯。除了製備之簡單且迅速的本性以外，速食湯之特徵為極長之保存期限，因為速食湯本質上不含有水且係經密閉之方式包裝。 　　為達到特定之光學顏色效應，諸如例如珠光效果，對該粉狀食品加入一或多種效果顏料(較佳地珠光顏料及/或干涉顏料)並進行混合。在對應製備經此方式處理之食品(例如藉由澆注熱水)後，於例如所完成之湯產生所欲之光學效果(例如珠光效果)。特別地於清湯，該光學效果能極吸引人地炫耀。 　　較佳之效果顏料係以薄片型基材為底質之珠光顏料和干涉顏料，該薄片型基材業已經塗覆一或多種金屬氧化物及/或金屬氫氧化物。 　　該“薄片型基材”乙詞係指為熟習此技術之人士所習知之所有薄片型基材。用於效果顏料(諸如例如珠光顏料和干涉顏料)之適當底質基材係透明或半透明薄片型基材。取決於用於食品或醫藥品之各別法規許可，特別適當的是層狀矽酸鹽類、滑石、高嶺土、薄片型氧化鐵類或氧化鋁類、玻璃薄片、SiO2 薄片、TiO2 薄片、薄片型混合氧化物類(諸如例如FeTiO3 和Fe2 TiO5 )或其他相當材料。 　　該底質基材的大小本身不具關鍵性且可與各別所欲之應用相匹配。通常，該薄片型基材之厚度為0.005至10 µm且特定地0.05至5 µm。其他2維之大小通常為1至500 µm，較佳地2至200 µm且特定地5至150 µm。特定極佳之珠光顏料具有10至60 µm或5至25 µm或10至150 µm或5至50 µm之粒度。 　　較佳之效果顏料(諸如例如珠光顏料)係以天然雲母薄片、合成雲母薄片、SiO2 薄片、Al2 O3 薄片、TiO2 薄片、玻璃薄片或Fe2 O3 薄片(特定地合成雲母薄片、天然雲母薄片及SiO2 薄片(歐盟允許之食品添加劑表單編號E555或E551))為底質。該等合成薄片(諸如例如合成雲母薄片、SiO2 薄片、Al2 O3 薄片、TiO2 薄片及玻璃薄片)可經摻雜或未經摻雜。適當之摻雜劑特別是金屬氧化物，諸如例如TiO2 、ZrO2 及SnO2 。 　　所使用之珠光顏料係以透明或半透明之薄片型基材為底質之顏料，該等薄片型基材包含例如層狀矽酸鹽類，諸如例如天然雲母、合成雲母、滑石、絹雲母或高嶺土，或包含玻璃或其他矽酸鹽材料，該等薄片型基材係經有色或無色之金屬氧化物塗覆，該等金屬氧化物係諸如例如TiO2 、次氧化鈦類、氮氧化鈦類、Fe2 O3 、Fe3 O4 、SnO2 、ZnO及其他金屬氧化物且係單獨或呈混合物於均質層或多個連續層。以合成或天然雲母薄片為底質之特定較佳的珠光顏料係經一或多種選自TiO2 、Fe2 O3 、Fe3 O4 或彼等之混合物的金屬氧化物塗覆或具有由交替之高折射率層和低折射率層(諸如例如TiO2 -SiO2 -TiO2 )所構成之多層塗層。 　　進一步較佳的是經TiO2 及/或Fe2 O3 塗覆之SiO2 或Al2 O3 薄片。如述於例如WO 93/08237(濕式化學塗覆)或 DE-A 196 14 637(CVD方法)，可實施SiO2 薄片經一或多種金屬氧化物塗覆。 　　施加至該薄片型基材之金屬氧化物亦較佳地係適合人體耗用之食用級材料(歐盟允許之食品添加劑表單編號E171(TiO2 )或E172(氧化鐵))。 　　“氧化鈦”乙詞表示TiO2 (歐盟允許之食品添加劑表單編號E171)。 　　“氧化鐵”乙詞表示Fe2 O3 和Fe3 O4 二者(歐盟允許之食品添加劑表單編號E172)。 　　進一步較佳的是具有不同粒度之珠光顏料混合物。若具有“小”粒度(諸如例如5至25 µm或10至60 µm)之珠光顏料與具有“大”粒度(諸如例如10至150 µm)之珠光顏料混合，則可達成特定功效。 　　該底質基材上之各別層(較佳地一或多個金屬氧化物層)的厚度較佳地係10至500 nm，特定地20至400 nm且極為特佳地30至350 nm。 　　對於該基材表面上較佳地具有交替之高折射率層和低折射率層(A)(B)(A)的多層顏料，該高折射率層(層A)之層厚度通常係10至500 nm，較佳地20至400 nm且特定地30至350 nm。該低折射率層(層B)之厚度較佳地係10至500 nm，較佳地20至400 nm且特定地30至350 nm。 　　本申請案記載之高折射率層表示具有折射率≥1.8之層(諸如例如TiO2 、Fe2 O3 或Fe3 O4 )，然而低折射率層具有折射率＜1.8 (諸如例如SiO2 、Al2 O3 或AlO(OH))。 　　該效果顏料(較佳地珠光顏料)可包含層構裝之多種相同或不同的組合，但是對於多層顏料，僅由一種層構裝(A)(B)(A)塗覆基材係較佳的。為增加著色強度，本發明之顏料可包含達至4層構裝，雖然於此情況下該基材上所有層之厚度不應超過3 µm。對於該薄片型基材表面上具有3或多個層之多層顏料，較佳地對該薄片型基材施加奇數個層，其中高折射率層係位於最內層和最外層。特別較佳的是呈(A)(B)(A)順序之3層光學干涉層的結構。適當之高折射率層較佳地係TiO2 、Fe2 O3 及/或Fe3 O4 、或氧化鈦與氧化鐵之混合物。此處之TiO2 可呈金紅石改質或銳鈦礦改質。 　　依據用於食品或醫藥品之法規許可，適用於該塗層(B)之適當無色低折射率材料較佳地係金屬氧化物或對應之氧化物水合物，諸如例如SiO2 、Al2 O3 、AlO(OH)、B2 O3 、MgF2 、MgSiO3 或該等金屬氧化物之混合物。 　　用於食品領域之特別較佳的珠光顏料係雲母薄片(合成或天然者)或SiO2 薄片，該等薄片係經金屬氧化物層(較佳地TiO2 或Fe2 O3 ，甚者Fe3 O4 或TiO2 與Fe2 O3 之混合物)塗覆。該金屬氧化物層或混合金屬氧化物層之厚度係10 nm至500 nm。該薄片之厚度係介於200 nm至900 nm。取決於所使用的該薄片之厚度和所施加的該金屬氧化物層之厚度及該金屬氧化物之類型，此類顏料之特徵為特別強烈的干涉顏色及/或強角度依賴性閃色(colour flop)效應。後者係明顯的，因為觀察者改變相對於著色物體之觀察位置時會感知不同之顏色。 　　特定地自下述之顏料選擇較佳之效果顏料： 　　天然雲母薄片+TiO2 天然雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 天然雲母薄片+Fe3 O4 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +Fe2 O3 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +Fe3 O4 天然雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 +TiO2 天然雲母薄片+Fe3 O4 +TiO2 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　天然雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe3 O4 混合物 　　合成雲母薄片+TiO2 合成雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 合成雲母薄片+Fe3 O4 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +Fe2 O3 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +Fe3 O4 合成雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 +TiO2 合成雲母薄片+Fe3 O4 +TiO2 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　合成雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe3 O4 混合物 　　SiO2 薄片+TiO2 SiO2 薄片+Fe2 O3 SiO2 薄片+Fe3 O4 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +Fe2 O3 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +Fe3 O4 SiO2 薄片+Fe2 O3 +TiO2 SiO2 薄片+Fe3 O4 +TiO2 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　SiO2 薄片+TiO2 /Fe3 O4 混合物 　　天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +TiO2 天然雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 +SiO2 +TiO2 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe2 O3 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe3 O4 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +Fe2 O3 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　天然雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +TiO2 合成雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 +SiO2 +TiO2 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe2 O3 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe3 O4 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +Fe2 O3 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　合成雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +TiO2 SiO2 薄片+Fe2 O3 +SiO2 +TiO2 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe2 O3 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe3 O4 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +Fe2 O3 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　SiO2 薄片+Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物。 　　已獲許可用於食品領域之珠光顏料和干涉顏料係為可購得之商品，例如Merck KGaA之商標Candurin® 的顏料。 　　著色之食品的特徵為顏色效應，該顏色效應係基於效果顏料引起之光折射或反射且帶給觀察者和消費者愉悅的主觀印象。由於考量新流行趨勢，一或多種效果顏料與粉狀食品之混合能使產品具有令人感到有趣之色調且同時能產生對色調之變異或些微差別的期待。 　　使用各別之效果顏料(特定地珠光顏料)和不同之效果顏料(特定地珠光顏料)的混合物，可實施本發明之粉狀食品著色。未對該混合之比例設限。然而，亦可使用僅有粒度不同之效果顏料的混合物(即“粗糙”顏料與“微細”顏料之混合物)。 　　該粉狀食品一般包含以該食品為基礎計0.01至8重量%且較佳地0.02至4重量%之一或多種效果顏料，特定地珠光顏料及/或干涉顏料。該效果顏料之需要用量隨用於製備該粉狀食品之水量的增加而增加。 　　藉由簡單之標準工業混合製程，該效果顏料(較佳地珠光顏料)可與粉狀食品及/或彼之成分混合。該效果顏料本身無凝聚傾向。該混合亦導致該效果顏料極為均勻地分散於該粉狀食品，其中取決於該等成分之物性，觀察到或多或少強物理性牢固於各別產物之表面。此顏色牢固性亦維持於粉狀湯料之烹煮過程的期間和之後且於完成之最終產品內對消費者係視覺明顯的。 　　本發明另一方面關於粉狀食品，其包含油脂、香料、調味料、一或多種效果顏料及可選擇地其他成分。 　　本發明進一步關於速食湯或乾湯，其包含乾燥蔬菜、油脂、調味料、一或多種效果顏料及可選擇地其他成分，例如麵條、增稠劑、增味劑等。特別較佳的是速食湯，特定地麵條湯。 　　下述實施例欲用於說明本發明而非限制本發明。除非另有指明，百分比(%)表示重量百分比(重量%)。
實施例1至10之方法： 　　藉由搖晃混合下表所示之速食湯和珠光顏料的量並將所生成之混合物攪拌倒入下表所示量之沸水。隨後令該混合物另經沸騰5分鐘。經沸騰後，在該湯之液相和成分(諸如例如麵條)二者皆可清楚地看到所加入之珠光顏料。 該等實施例所使用之以雲母薄片或SiO2 薄片為底質的珠光顏料和干涉顏料(購自Merck商標Candurin® 顏料)具有下述組成和粒度：

Claims (11)

  1. 一種製備著色之粉狀食品之方法，其中未著色之粉狀食品與一或多種以薄片型基材為底質之效果顏料混合。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該效果顏料係珠光顏料、干涉顏料或多層顏料。
  3. 如請求項1之方法，其中該薄片型基材係天然雲母薄片、合成雲母薄片、滑石、高嶺土、玻璃薄片、二氧化矽薄片、二氧化鈦薄片、氧化鋁薄片或氧化鐵薄片。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該薄片型基材係經一或多層金屬氧化物及/或金屬氧化物混合物完全塗覆。
  5. 如請求項4之方法，其中該薄片型基材係經二氧化鈦及/或氧化鐵塗覆。
  6. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該效果顏料選自下述之顏料： 　　天然雲母薄片+TiO2 天然雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 天然雲母薄片+Fe3 O4 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +Fe2 O3 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +Fe3 O4 天然雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 +TiO2 天然雲母薄片+Fe3 O4 +TiO2 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　天然雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe3 O4 混合物 　　合成雲母薄片+TiO2 合成雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 合成雲母薄片+Fe3 O4 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +Fe2 O3 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +Fe3 O4 合成雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 +TiO2 合成雲母薄片+Fe3 O4 +TiO2 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　合成雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe3 O4 混合物 　　SiO2 薄片+TiO2 SiO2 薄片+Fe2 O3 SiO2 薄片+Fe3 O4 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +Fe2 O3 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +Fe3 O4 SiO2 薄片+Fe2 O3 +TiO2 SiO2 薄片+Fe3 O4 +TiO2 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　SiO2 薄片+TiO2 /Fe3 O4 混合物 　　天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +TiO2 天然雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 +SiO2 +TiO2 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe2 O3 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe3 O4 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +Fe2 O3 天然雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　天然雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +TiO2 合成雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 +SiO2 +TiO2 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe2 O3 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe3 O4 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +Fe2 O3 合成雲母薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　合成雲母薄片+Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +TiO2 SiO2 薄片+Fe2 O3 +SiO2 +TiO2 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe2 O3 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 +SiO2 +Fe3 O4 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +Fe2 O3 SiO2 薄片+TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物 　　SiO2 薄片+Fe2 O3 混合物+SiO2 +TiO2 /Fe2 O3 混合物。
  7. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該效果顏料之使用量係以該食品為基礎計0.01至8重量%。
  8. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該粉狀食品選自速食湯或乾湯、即溶飲料、調味料、調味料混合物、烘焙混合物或用於肉製品產業之預混料。
  9. 一種粉狀食品，其包含油脂、香料、調味料、一或多種效果顏料及可選擇地其他成分。
  10. 一種速食湯或乾湯，其包含乾燥蔬菜、油脂、調味料、一或多種效果顏料及可選擇地其他成分。
  11. 如請求項10之速食湯或乾湯，其係麵條湯。
TW107103768A 2017-02-07 2018-02-02 粉狀食品之製備和著色 TW201828824A (zh)

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