TW201824691A - 用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統 - Google Patents

用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統 Download PDF

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TW201824691A
TW201824691A TW105143433A TW105143433A TW201824691A TW 201824691 A TW201824691 A TW 201824691A TW 105143433 A TW105143433 A TW 105143433A TW 105143433 A TW105143433 A TW 105143433A TW 201824691 A TW201824691 A TW 201824691A
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charging
smart
switching unit
coupled
diodes
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TWI624132B (zh
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陳俊成
李建興
葉英傑
顧曉東
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飛宏科技股份有限公司
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Priority to TW105143433A priority Critical patent/TWI624132B/zh
Priority to US15/452,351 priority patent/US10752119B2/en
Priority to EP17162324.2A priority patent/EP3342628A1/en
Priority to JP2017096487A priority patent/JP6725817B2/ja
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/91—Battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本發明係揭露一種用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，包含：至少一充電模組；一智慧切換單元，耦合至至少一充電模組；至少二充電槍，耦合至智慧切換單元；以及至少二系統控制監視單元，分別耦合至至少二充電槍，至少二系統控制監視單元之每一者係耦合至至少一充電模組，至少二系統控制監視單元之其中一者依據至少二充電槍的電力輸出狀態傳送指令至智慧切換單元，以使智慧切換單元將至少一充電模組之充電功率動態分配給至少二充電槍之一者或以上者。

Description

用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統
本發明係有關於功率分配，尤其是有關於用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統。
在用於電動汽車充電之傳統雙槍系統中，兩槍的最大輸出能量或輸出功率為整機輸出能量或輸出功率的一半，當雙槍在進行電力輸出時，倘若其中一槍的輸出端所銜接的電池接近飽電時，系統並不會將多餘的能量提供給另一槍使用，而是繼續進行輸出或直接停止輸出，而另一槍仍然只能用整機輸出能量或輸出功率一半的能量或功率進行充電。如此導致有一半的輸出能量或輸出功率處於閒置狀態，並無法有效利用之。
因此，現今仍需一能解決上述傳統雙槍系統之多餘的輸出能量或輸出功率常處於閒置狀態之問題的技術方案。
為了克服上述傳統雙槍系統之多餘的輸出能量或輸出功率常處於閒置狀態之問題，本發明提供一種用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統。
於一觀點中，本發明係揭露一種用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，包含：至少一充電模組；一智慧切換單元，耦合至至少一充電模組；至少二充電槍，耦合至智慧切換單元；以及至少二系統控制監視單元，分別耦合至至少二充電槍，至少二系統控制監視單元之每一者係耦合至至少一充電模組，至少二系統控制監視單元之其中一者依據至少二充電槍的電力輸出狀態傳送指令至智慧切換單元，以使智慧切換單元將至少一充電模組之充電功率動態分配給至少二充電槍之一者或以上者。
本發明之一優點係為本發明可有效分配充電能量或充電功率，並將充電能量或充電功率分配優化。
本發明之另一優點係為本發明可將電動汽車或電動機車充電所 需時間縮減到最小。
這些優點及其他優點從以下較佳實施例之敘述並伴隨後附圖式及申請專利範圍將使讀者得以清楚瞭解本發明。
10‧‧‧用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統
101‧‧‧充電模組
102‧‧‧智慧切換單元
1021‧‧‧二極體
1022‧‧‧元件
1023‧‧‧元件
1024‧‧‧二極體
103a‧‧‧第一充電槍
103b‧‧‧第二充電槍
103c‧‧‧第三充電槍
104‧‧‧開關
20‧‧‧用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統
201a‧‧‧第一充電模組
201b‧‧‧第二充電模組
201c‧‧‧第N個充電模組
202‧‧‧智慧切換單元
2021‧‧‧二極體
2022‧‧‧元件
2023‧‧‧元件
2024‧‧‧二極體
203a‧‧‧第一充電槍
203b‧‧‧第二充電槍
204‧‧‧開關
205a‧‧‧第一系統控制監視單元
205b‧‧‧第二系統控制監視單元
206‧‧‧工業電腦
207a‧‧‧第一車用匯流排界面
207b‧‧‧第二車用匯流排界面
207c‧‧‧第三車用匯流排界面
208‧‧‧網路通訊介面
上述元件，以及本發明其他特徵與優點，藉由閱讀實施方式之內容及其圖式後，將更為顯著：第一圖係根據一實施例顯示本發明之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統。
第二圖係根據另一實施例顯示本發明之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統。
第三圖係根據又一實施例顯示本發明之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統。
第四圖係根據一實施例顯示使用4個充電模組之雙槍充電樁的功率分配表。
此處本發明將針對具體實施例及其觀點加以詳細描述，此類描述為解釋本發明之結構或步驟流程，其係供以說明之用而非用以限制本發明之申請專利範圍。因此，除說明書中之具體實施例與較佳實施例外，本發明亦可廣泛施行於其他不同的實施例中。
本發明提供一種用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，本發明之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統可在多槍充電系統中有效分配充電能量或充電功率，以達到將充電能量或充電功率分配優化之功效。
請參照第一圖，於本發明之一實施例中，本發明之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統10包含充電模組101、智慧切換單元102以及多個充電槍例如第一充電槍103a、第二充電槍103b。充電模組101係耦合至智慧切換單元102，而智慧切換單元102分別耦合至多個充電槍例如第一充電槍103a及第二充電槍103b。第一充電槍103a及第二充電槍103b係用以對電動汽車或電動機車進行充電。上述智慧切換單元102係用以將充電模組101之充電功率動態分配給第一充電槍103a及/或第二充電槍103b。於一實施例中，至少二個開關104係分別設置於第一充電槍103a與智慧切換單元102之間以及第二充電槍103b 與智慧切換單元102之間。於一較佳實施例中，智慧切換單元102可包含至少二個金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor，MOSFET)例如但不限於至少二個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(例如二個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體)、至少二個二極體例如二個二極體以及至少二個電容例如二個電容，上述至少二個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體、至少二個二極體以及至少二個電容係相互並聯耦合以形成元件1023。元件1023可與一二極體1024串聯以形成元件1022。於一實施例中，智慧切換單元102可進一步包含至少二個二極體1021例如二個二極體，此二個二極體1021係獨立於上述至少二個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體、至少二個二極體以及至少二個電容。應注意者為，上述數量僅為例示之用，並非用以限制本發明之範圍。任何可行的數量均可應用於本發明中。於一替代性實施例中，元件1022可由一繼電器(relay)替代。於一替代性實施例中，元件1023中的金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)可由一絕緣閘雙極電晶體(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)替代。於一替代性實施例中，所有的二極體例如二極體1021、1024或元件1023中的二極體可由金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)或絕緣閘雙極電晶體(IGBT)替代。於一替代性實施例中，二極體1021可與元件1022相互替換。
請再參照第二圖，於本發明之另一實施例中，本發明之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統10可包含多個充電槍例如三個充電槍，如第二圖所示之第一充電槍103a、第二充電槍103b及第三充電槍103c。於此實施例中，對應於有三個充電槍，智慧切換單元102可相應地包含三個金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor，MOSFET)例如但不限於增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體、三個二極體及三個電容。於一實施例中，智慧切換單元102可進一步包含三個二極體1021，此三個二極體1021係獨立於上述三個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體、三個二極體以及三個電容。應注意者為，上述數量僅為例示之用，並非用以限制本發明之範圍。任何可行的數量均可應用於本發明中。應注意者為，由於本實施例與第一個實施例僅為數量上的差異，故省略重複的敘述。於一替代性實施例中，元件1022可由一繼電器(relay)替代。於一替代性實施例中，元件1023中的金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)可由一絕緣閘雙極電晶體(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)替代。於一替代性實施例中，所有的二極體例如二極體1021、1024或元件1023中的二極體可由金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)或絕緣閘雙極電晶體(IGBT)替代。於一替代性實施例中，二極體1021可與元件1022相互替換。
請參照第三圖，於本發明之又一實施例中，本發明之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統20可包含多個充電模組例如第一充電模組201a、第二充電模組201b...第N個充電模組201c。再者，本發明之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統20可進一步包含智慧切換單元202以及多個充電槍例如第一充電槍203a、第二充電槍203b。第一充電槍203a及第二充電槍203b係用以對電動汽車或電動機車進行充電。上述智慧切換單元202係用以將第一充電模組201a、第二充電模組201b...第N個充電模組201c之充電功率動態分配給第一充電槍203a及/或第二充電槍203b。第一充電模組201a、第二充電模組201b...第N個充電模組201c係分別耦合至智慧切換單元202，而智慧切換單元202分別耦合至多個充電槍例如第一充電槍203a及第二充電槍203b。於一實施例中，至少二個開關204係分別設置於第一充電槍203a與智慧切換單元202之間以及第二充電槍203b與智慧切換單元202之間。於一較佳實施例中，智慧切換單元202可包含至少二個金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor，MOSFET)例如但不限於至少二個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(例如2N個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體)、至少二個二極體例如2N個二極體以及至少二個電容例如2N個電容，上述2N個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體之每一者、2N個二極體之每一者以及2N個電容之每一者係相互並聯耦合以形成元件2023。元件2023可與一二極體2024串聯以形成元件2022。於一實施例中，智慧切換單元202可進一步包含至少二個二極體2021例如2N個二極體，此2N個二極體2021係獨立於上述2N個增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體、2N個二極體以及2N個電容。應注意者為，上述數量僅為例示之用，並非用以限制本發明之範圍。於一替代性實施例中，元件2022可由一繼電器(relay)替代。於一替代性實施例中，元件2023中的金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)可由一絕緣閘雙極電晶體(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)替代。於一替代性實施例中，所有的二極體例如二極體2021、2024或元件2023中的二極體可由金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET) 或絕緣閘雙極電晶體(IGBT)替代。於一替代性實施例中，二極體2021可與元件2022相互替換。
第一充電槍203a係藉由第一車用匯流排界面207a耦合至第一系統控制監視單元205a，而第二充電槍203b係藉由第二車用匯流排界面207b耦合至第二系統控制監視單元205b。第一系統控制監視單元205a係用以監控第一充電槍203a的電力輸出狀態。第二系統控制監視單元205b係用以監控第二充電槍203b的電力輸出狀態。第一系統控制監視單元205a及第二系統控制監視單元205b係透過第三車用匯流排界面207c耦合至第一充電模組201a、第二充電模組201b...及第N個充電模組201c。同時，第一系統控制監視單元205a及第二系統控制監視單元205b係透過網路通訊介面208耦合至工業電腦(IPC，Industrial PC)206。工業電腦206係用以輔助第一系統控制監視單元205a及第二系統控制監視單元205b進行資料運算。於一實施例中，上述第一系統控制監視單元205a及第二系統控制監視單元205b可包含但不限於CSU(Control & Supervisor Unit，控制監視單元)。上述CSU(控制監視單元)可具體實現國家標準局對直流充電有關通訊、監控、量測、保護及人機交互對口的各種規範，可即時對電動汽車或電動機車、電源、觸控顯示器及雲端後臺做通訊溝通，記錄充電機與電動汽車或電動機車之間的溝通和異常訊息，並與雲端後臺對接，提供訊息以利分析。於一實施例中，上述第一車用匯流排界面207a及第二車用匯流排界面207b可包含但不限於CAN(Controller Area Network，控制器區域網路)匯流排界面。於一實施例中，上述網路通訊介面208可包含但不限於RS485介面。
當第一系統控制監視單元205a偵測到第一充電槍203a有在進行電力輸出，而第二系統控制監視單元205b偵測到第二充電槍203b沒有在進行電力輸出，第一系統控制監視單元205a或第二系統控制監視單元205b會發送指令至智慧切換單元202，以使智慧切換單元202依照電動汽車或電動機車所能承受的最大能量或最大功率將第一充電模組201a、第二充電模組201b...及第N個充電模組201c的大部份功率或全部功率切換至第一充電槍203a。換言之，當只有第一充電槍203a在進行電力輸出時，第一系統控制監視單元205a或第二系統控制監視單元205b依照電動汽車或電動機車的充電電流需求調整智慧切換單元202，以供給最大能量或最大功率給電動汽車或電動機車充電。假若當第一系統控制監視單元205a偵測到第一充電槍203a有在進行電力輸出，而第二系統控 制監視單元205b偵測到第二充電槍203b也有在進行電力輸出，第一系統控制監視單元205a或第二系統控制監視單元205b會依據第一充電槍203a之電力輸出狀態發送指令至智慧切換單元202，以使智慧切換單元202將第一充電模組201a、第二充電模組201b...及第N個充電模組201c的部份功率切換至第二充電槍203b，亦即使智慧切換單元202將第一充電槍203a多餘的輸出能量或輸出功率切換至第二充電槍203b。
第四圖係根據一實施例顯示使用4個充電模組(例如為20kW)之雙槍充電樁的功率分配表。舉例說明，當第一充電槍203a一開始需求40kW，故第二充電槍203b可用功率為40kW。當第一充電槍203a在接近充飽電時或無需這麼高的功率充電，第一系統控制監視單元205a或第二系統控制監視單元205b可將第一充電槍203a之多餘的功率(20kW為單位)直接透過智慧切換單元202切換給第二充電槍203b。藉此，本發明可有效分配充電能量或充電功率，將充電能量或充電功率分配優化，並將電動汽車或電動機車充電所需時間縮減到最小。
本領域中通常知識者將得以清楚瞭解，在不脫離本發明之精神或範圍之下，可對本發明做出若干修改及變更。因此，本發明意欲涵蓋來自於後附申請專利範圍之範圍內的修改及變更及其均等物。

Claims (11)

  1. 一種用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，包含：至少一充電模組；一智慧切換單元，耦合至該至少一充電模組；至少二充電槍，耦合至該智慧切換單元；以及至少二系統控制監視單元，分別耦合至該至少二充電槍，該至少二系統控制監視單元之每一者係耦合至該至少一充電模組，該至少二系統控制監視單元之其中一者依據該至少二充電槍的電力輸出狀態傳送指令至該智慧切換單元，以使該智慧切換單元將該至少一充電模組之充電功率動態分配給該至少二充電槍之一者或以上者。
  2. 如請求項1所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，其中該智慧切換單元包含至少二個金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體或至少二個絕緣閘雙極電晶體。
  3. 如請求項2所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，其中該金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體包含一增強型N型金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體。
  4. 如請求項2所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，其中該智慧切換單元還包含至少二個二極體。
  5. 如請求項4所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，其中該智慧切換單元還包含至少二個電容，其中該至少二個金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體或該至少二個絕緣閘雙極電晶體之每一者、該至少二個二極體之每一者及該至少二個電容之每一者係互相並聯耦合。
  6. 如請求項1所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，其中該智慧切換單元包含至少二個繼電器。
  7. 如請求項5所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，其中該智慧切換單元還包含至少二個第二二極體及至少二個第三二極體，其中該至少二個第三二極體之每一者係與該至少二個金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體或該至少二個絕緣閘雙極電晶體之每一者、該至少二個二極體之每一者及該至少二個電容之每一者的整體串聯。
  8. 如請求項7所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，其中該至少二個二極體之每一者、該至少二個第二二極體之每一者及該至少二個第三二極體之每一者係替換成金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體或絕緣閘雙極電晶體。
  9. 如請求項1所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，更包含一工業電腦，耦合至該至少二系統控制監視單元之每一者，用以輔助該至少二系統控制監視單元進行資料運算。
  10. 如請求項1所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，更包含至少二開關，分別設置於該智慧切換單元與該至少二充電槍之間。
  11. 如請求項1所述之用於充電樁之智慧功率分配系統，其中該至少二系統控制監視單元與該至少二充電槍之間係透過車用匯流排介面耦合，該至少二系統控制監視單元與該至少一充電模組之間係透過車用匯流排介面耦合，該至少二系統控制監視單元與該工業電腦之間係透過網路通訊介面耦合。
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