TW201802133A - 有機矽化合物及其製造方法 - Google Patents
有機矽化合物及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201802133A TW201802133A TW106107809A TW106107809A TW201802133A TW 201802133 A TW201802133 A TW 201802133A TW 106107809 A TW106107809 A TW 106107809A TW 106107809 A TW106107809 A TW 106107809A TW 201802133 A TW201802133 A TW 201802133A
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- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000005370 alkoxysilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 alkenyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- XQBCVRSTVUHIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dodecanoyloxy(dioctyl)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC XQBCVRSTVUHIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明為提供對於1個烷氧基矽基而言,具有複數個可與有機樹脂部分進行反應形成鍵結之環氧基,並且作為底漆(primer)或樹脂改質劑等為有效的有機矽化合物。
式(1)所示有機矽化合物。
Description
本發明係關於有機矽化合物及其製造方法,更詳細為於分子中具有水解性矽基與複數環氧基的有機矽化合物及其製造方法,以及含有該有機矽化合物的塗布劑組成物、接著劑組成物及這些組成物之硬化物品。
矽烷偶合劑為在其1分子內兼具對於無機物具有反應性之部分,與對有機物富含反應性或溶解性的部分之化合物,因可作為無機物與有機物之界面接著助劑使用而發揮其作用,故可廣泛使用於複合樹脂改質劑上。
然而,作為矽烷偶合劑,及這些部分水解縮合物之矽氧烷寡聚物,雖多為對於1個有機官能基,具有2個以上烷氧基矽基之化合物,但另外對於1個烷氧基矽基具有2個以上有機官能基之化合物的例子數為少。
作為其中1例,在專利文獻1中揭示作為對於1個烷氧基矽基具有2個以上環氧基的化合物,使用於芳香環鍵結2個環氧丙氧基與三甲氧基矽基丙基之化合物的有機化合物。
但,在專利文獻1的化合物中,由該結構來看,對於
1個烷氧基矽基導入3個以上環氧基的設計為不可能。
又,在專利文獻2中揭示,作為對於1個烷氧基矽基而言,具有3個以上環氧基的化合物,有於聚甘油骨架或山梨醇骨架上鍵結複數環氧丙氧基與烷氧基矽基的化合物。
然而,在專利文獻2的化合物中,該主鏈骨架之結構及連結部之複數個胺基甲酸酯鍵基之性質上來看,親水性為高,並不適用於要求疏水性之塗布劑組成物、接著劑組成物上,該結構會顯著造成耐熱性、耐黃變性及耐裂紋性之降低。
[專利文獻1]日本特開平06-172370號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開2009-275015號公報
本發明因有鑑於上述事由,以提供將可與有機樹脂部分進行反應形成鍵結的環氧基對於1個烷氧基矽基具有複數個,並且作為底漆(Primer)或樹脂改質劑等為有效的有機矽化合物及其製造方法為目的。
本發明者們欲解決上述課題進行詳細檢討結果,發現於分子中具有水解性矽基與複數個環氧基的所定有機矽化合物及其製造方法,並同時發現含有該有機矽化合物之組成物提供可發揮良好疏水性、耐熱性、耐黃變性及耐裂紋性的硬化物,故可作為塗布劑組成物或接著劑組成物使用,而完成本發明。
即,本發明為提供,
1.式(1)所示者為特徵之有機矽化合物,
(式中,R1為互相獨立表示非取代或者取代之碳數1~10的烷基,或非取代或者取代之碳數6~10的芳基,R2為互相獨立表示非取代或者取代之碳數1~10的烷基,或非取代或者取代之碳數6~10的芳基,R3為互相獨立表示氫原子或甲基,A1表示單鍵、O、S、NH或含有雜原子的2價連結基,A2表示單鍵,或可含有雜原子的非取代或者取代之碳數1~20的二價烴基,a及c為互相獨立表示比0還大的數,b、d、e及f為互相獨立為0以上的數,m表示1~3的整數。但,重複單位之各基順序為任意)。
3.使式(4)
(式中,R3及a~f表示與前述相同意思。但,重複單位之各基順序為任意)所示具有羥基的化合物與式(5)
(式中,R1、R2、A2及m與前述相同意思)所示具有異氰酸酯基及烷氧基矽基的化合物進行反應為特徵之1或2的有機矽化合物之製造方法。
4.將使式(4)
(式中,R3及a~f表示與前述相同意思。但,重複單位之各基順序為任意)所示具有羥基的化合物與具有可與前述羥基進行反應的官能基與烯基之化合物進行反應而得到烯基化合物,該烯基化合物與式(6)
(式中,R1、R2及m與前述相同意思)所示矽烷化合物在含有鉑化合物的觸媒的存在下進行氫矽烷化反應為特徵之1或2的有機矽化合物之製造方法。
5.含有1或2之有機矽化合物的塗布劑組成物。
6.含有1或2之有機矽化合物的接著劑組成物。
7.具有使5的塗布劑組成物經硬化而成的被覆層之硬化物品。
8.具有使6的接著劑組成物經硬化而成的接著層之硬化物品。
本發明之有機矽化合物為,於分子內對於1個水解性矽基具有複數個環氧基,與過去的環氧系矽烷偶合劑相比,與有機樹脂之反應點會增加,藉此會使與有機樹脂的鍵結力增強,故在對玻璃纖維、二氧化矽等各種無機填充物、陶瓷、金屬基材等被覆及處理時,與如過去的分子內的環氧基與矽基之比率為1:1的環氧系矽烷偶合劑相比,其性能更為顯著。
又,由含有本發明之有機矽化合物的組成物所得的硬化物具有優良的疏水性、耐熱性、耐黃變性及耐裂紋性之特性。
含有具有如此特性的本發明之有機矽化合物的組成物可適用於塗布劑組成物或接著劑組成物上。
以下對於本發明做具體說明。
有關本發明之有機矽化合物為式(1)所示。且,對於式(1)及後述式(4),各重複單位之順序為任意。
其中R1為互相獨立表示非取代或者取代之碳數1~10的烷基,或非取代或者取代之碳數6~10的芳基,R2為互相獨立表示非取代或者取代之碳數1~10的烷基,或非取代或者取代之碳數6~10的芳基,R3為互相獨立表示氫原子或甲基,A1表示單鍵、O、S、NH或含有雜原子的2價連結基,A2表示單鍵,或可含有雜原子的非取代或者取代之碳數1~20的二價烴基,a及c為互相獨立表示比0還大的數、b、d、e及f為互相獨立為0以上的數,m表示1~3的整數。且所謂「單鍵」表示該兩側的基為直接鍵結之形態,A2表示單鍵時,A1與Si成為直接鍵結之形態。
作為碳數1~10的烷基,可為直鏈狀、環狀、分支狀中任一種,作為該具體例子,可舉出甲基、乙
基、n-丙基、i-丙基、n-丁基、s-丁基、t-丁基、n-戊基、n-己基、n-庚基、n-辛基、n-壬基、n-癸基等的直鏈或支鏈狀烷基、環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基等環烷基。
作為碳數6~10的芳基之具體例子,可舉出苯基、α-萘、β-萘基等。
又,這些各基的氫原子之一部分或全部可由碳數1~10的烷基、F、Cl、Br等鹵素原子、氰基等所取代,作為如此基之具體例子,可例示出3-氯丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、2-氰基乙基、甲苯基、二甲苯基等。
彼等中,作為R1由水解性之觀點來看,以碳數1~5的直鏈之烷基為佳,以甲基、乙基為較佳,以乙基為更佳。
另一方面,作為R2以直鏈之烷基為佳,以甲基、乙基為較佳,以甲基為更佳。
又,m為1~3的整數,但由水解性之觀點來看,以2~3為佳,以3為較佳。
上述R3可全為氫原子,亦可全為甲基,又亦可同時含有任意比率之氫原子及甲基。
作為含有上述A1的雜原子之二價連結基的具體例子,可舉出磺醯基鍵結(-S(=O)2-)、膦鍵(-P(=O)OH-)、氧鍵(-C(=O)-)、硫氧鍵(-C(=S)-)、酯鍵結(-C(=O)O-)、硫酯鍵(-C(=O)S-)、硫羰酸酯鍵(-C(=S)O-)、二硫酯鍵(-C(=S)S-)、碳酸酯鍵(-OC(=O)O-)、
硫碳酸酯鍵(-OC(=S)O-)、醯胺鍵(-C(=O)NH-)、硫醯胺鍵(-C(=S)NH-)、胺基甲酸酯鍵(-OC(=O)NH-)、硫胺基甲酸酯鍵(-SC(=O)NH-)、硫羰胺基甲酸酯鍵(-OC(=S)NH-)、二硫胺基甲酸酯鍵(-SC(=S)NH-)、尿素鍵(-NHC(=O)NH-)、硫脲鍵(-NHC(=S)NH-)等。
作為A1,以O(醚鍵)或胺基甲酸酯鍵(-OC(=O)NH-)為佳。
另一方面,可具有A2的雜原子,作為碳數1~20的二價烴基之具體例子,可舉出伸甲基、伸乙基、三伸甲基、伸丙基、異伸丙基、四伸甲基、異丁烯、五伸甲基、六伸甲基、七伸甲基、八伸甲基、九伸甲基、十伸甲基、十一伸甲基、十二伸甲基、十三伸甲基、十四伸甲基、十五伸甲基、十六伸甲基、十七伸甲基、十八伸甲基、十九伸甲基、二十伸烷基等伸烷基;環伸戊基、環伸己烷基等環伸烷基;伸苯基、α-,β-亞萘基等伸芳基等。
又,這些基可於該分子鏈中含有O、S、NH等雜原子,又亦可含有上述二價連結基,且該氫原子之一部分或全部可由碳數1~10的烷基、F、Cl、Br等鹵素原子、氰基等所取代。作為如此基之具體例子,可舉出亞甲苯基、亞二甲苯基等。
這些中亦以三伸甲基、八伸甲基為佳,以三伸甲基為較佳。
因此,作為-A1-A2-基,以式(2)所示具有胺基甲酸酯鍵(-OC(=O)NH-)的三伸甲基、式(3)所示具
有醚鍵(-O-)之三伸甲基為佳。
又,上述式(1)所示有機矽化合物之重量平均分子量並無特別限定,但考慮到將含有該化合物之組成物的黏度等設定在適當範圍可提高作業性,同時對於所得之硬化物可賦予充分疏水性、耐熱性及耐裂紋性,重量平均分子量以1,000~10萬為佳,以5,000~7萬為較佳,以1~5萬為更佳。且,本發明中之重量平均分子量為藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)所得之聚苯乙烯換算值。
式(1)所示有機矽化合物之中,A1為胺基甲酸酯鍵者,可由將於式(4)所示1分子中具有環氧基及經基的化合物,與式(5)所示具有異氰酸酯基及烷氧基矽基之化合物(以下稱為異氰酸酯矽烷)進行反應而得到。
更具體為在式(4)所示化合物的羥基與異氰酸酯矽烷的異氰酸酯基之間進行形成胺基甲酸酯鍵的反應。
對於於1分子中具有環氧基與羥基之式(4)所示化合物,環氧基與羥基的mol比率(環氧基的mol數/羥基之mol數)以1~100為佳,以2~50為較佳,以3~20為更佳。
又,該環氧當量若考慮到製造之容易性及所得之有機矽化合物的特性等時,以80~10,000g/mol為佳,200~5,000g/mol為較佳,400~3,500g/mol為更佳。
作為式(4)所示化合物,可使用市售品,例如可使用(股)Kuraray製L-207(末端環氧化氫化丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物與Kraton Polymer Japan公司製KRATON LIQUID(商標)Polymers(KLP)L-207相同)等。
另一方面,作為異氰酸酯矽烷的具體例子,可舉出3-異氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸酯丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸酯丙基二甲基甲氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸酯丙基甲基二乙氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸酯丙基二甲基乙氧基矽烷等。
彼等中,亦由水解性觀點來看,以3-異氰酸酯丙基三
乙氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基矽烷為佳,以3-異氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基矽烷為較佳。
對於於式(4)所示1分子中具有環氧基與羥基之化合物與異氰酸酯矽烷的反應比例,若考慮到抑制胺基甲酸酯化反應時的副產物,同時提高所得之有機矽化合物的保存安定性或特性,對於式(4)所示化合物中之羥基1mol,異氰酸酯矽烷的異氰酸酯基成為0.01~1.2mol之比例者為佳,以0.1~1.1mol之比例者為較佳,以0.5~1mol之比例者為更佳。
又,於上述胺基甲酸酯化反應中,欲提高反應速度可使用觸媒。
作為觸媒,可適宜地選自一般使用在胺基甲酸酯化反應者,作為該具體例子,可舉出二丁基錫氧化物、二辛基錫氧化物、錫(II)雙(2-乙基己酸酯)、二丁基月桂酸錫、二辛基月桂酸錫等。
觸媒的使用量若為觸媒量即可,通常對於式(4)所示化合物與異氰酸酯矽烷之合計而言為0.001~1質量%。
且,在上述胺基甲酸酯化反應中,可使用不會與所使用的原料進行反應的溶劑。
作為該具體例子,可舉出戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、癸烷、環己烷等烴系溶劑;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族系溶劑;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮等酮系溶劑;甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、吡咯啶酮、N-甲基吡咯啶酮等醯胺系溶劑、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、γ-丁內酯、丙二醇-1-
單甲基醚-2-乙酸酯等酯系溶劑;二乙基醚、二丁基醚、環戊基甲基醚、四氫呋喃、1,4-二噁烷等醚系溶劑等,這些可單獨使用,亦可組合2種以上使用。
胺基甲酸酯化反應時之反應溫度並無特別限定,適當地設定反應速度下,考慮到抑制脲基甲酸酯化等副反應時,以25~90℃為佳,以40~80℃為較佳。
反應時間並無特別限制,通常10分鐘~24小時。
又,式(1)所示有機矽化合物之中,A1為醚鍵者,作為第1階段,於上述式(4)所示1分子中具有環氧基及羥基之化合物,與具有可與該羥基進行反應的官能基與烯基之化合物進行反應成為烯基化合物後,在第2階段,可將在第1階段所得之烯基化合物可與式(6)所示矽烷化合物進行反應而得到。
因此,具體為在第1階段中,使可與羥基進行反應的官能基與羥基進行反應,式(4)所示化合物與具有烯基之化合物以醚鍵進行偶合,在第2階段,在第1階段所得之烯基化合物與式(6)所示矽烷化合物在含有鉑化合物之觸媒的存在下進行氫矽烷化,於烯基加成氫矽烷基後形成碳-矽鍵。
作為在第1階段所使用的具有可與羥基進行反應的官能基與烯基的化合物所具有的上述官能基,其若為不與環氧基產生反應,與羥基可進行選擇性反應的官能基即可,並無特別限定,可舉出鹵素原子、甲烷磺酸鹽基、三氟甲烷磺酸鹽基、p-甲苯磺酸鹽基等,以鹵素原子為佳,以氯原子、溴原子、碘原子為較佳。
作為具有鹵素原子與烯基之化合物(以下稱為鹵化烯基化合物)之具體例子,可舉出氯化烯丙基、氯化甲基烯丙基、氯化丁烯基、氯化戊烯基、氯化己烯基、氯化庚烯基、氯化辛烯基、氯化壬烯基等氯化烯基化合物;溴化烯丙基、溴化甲基烯丙基、溴化丁烯基、溴化戊烯基、溴化己烯基、溴化庚烯基、溴化辛烯基、溴化壬烯基等溴化烯基化合物;碘化烯丙基、碘化甲基烯丙基、碘化丁烯基、碘化戊烯基、碘化己烯基、碘化庚烯基、碘化辛烯基、碘化壬烯基等碘化烯基化合物等。
彼等中,由反應性及獲得容易性的觀點來看,以氯化烯丙基、氯化己烯基、氯化辛烯基、溴化烯丙基、碘化烯丙基為佳,以氯化烯丙基、氯化辛烯基、溴化烯丙基為較佳,以溴化烯丙基為更佳。
第1階段之反應可藉由過去公知的一般方法進行,例如可採用在鹼性化合物的存在下,藉由羥基與鹵素化烯基化合物等求核取代反應之非對稱醚的合成法(威廉姆森(Williamson)合成、威廉姆森(Williamson)醚合成)等。
此時,作為式(4)所示化合物與鹵素化烯基化合物之反應比例,雖無特別限定,但若考慮到更減少未反應之原料,提高所得之有機矽化合物的保存安定性或各特性時,對於式(4)所示化合物的羥基1mol,以成為鹵素化烯基化合物之鹵素原子1~20mol的比例為佳,以成為1~10mol的比例為較佳,以成為2~5mol的比例為更佳。
又,作為上述鹼性化合物,通常可使用在威廉姆森(Williamson)合成法所使用的各種鹼性化合物,若為不與式(4)所示化合物具有之環氧基進行反應者即可。
具體而言,可舉出金屬鈉、金屬鋰等鹼金屬;金屬鈣等鹼土類金屬;氫化鈉、氫化鋰、氫化鉀、氫化銫等鹼金屬氫化物;氫化鈣等鹼土類金屬氫化物;氫氧化鋰、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化銫等鹼金屬氫氧化物及其水溶液、氫氧化鋇、氫氧化鈣等鹼土類金屬氫氧化物及其水溶液;鉀第三丁氧化物、鈉第三丁氧化物等鹼金屬及鹼土類烷氧化物;碳酸鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鈣等鹼金屬及鹼土類金屬碳酸鹽;碳酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鉀等鹼金屬及鹼土類碳酸氫鹽;三乙基胺、三丁基胺、N,N-二異丙基乙基胺、四甲基乙二胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲基-4-胺基吡啶等3級胺等。
彼等中,亦由反應效率之觀點來看,以氫氧化鋰、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化銫、氫氧化鋇、氫氧化鈣等鹼金屬及鹼土類金屬之氫氧化物或這些水溶液為佳,以氫氧
化鈉的水溶液為較佳。
鹼性化合物的使用量雖無特別限定,若考慮到可充分進行醚化反應而防止原料殘存之同時,亦可防止鹼性化合物之過剩殘存,並提高所得之有機矽化合物的保存安定性或各特性時,對於所得之式(4)所示化合物的羥基1mol而言,以鹼性化合物0.5~20mol為佳,以1~10mol為較佳,以2~8mol為更佳。
上述醚化反應中,可使用不與所使用的原料產生反應之溶劑。
作為該具體例子,可舉出水;戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、癸烷、環己烷等烴系溶劑;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族系溶劑;甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、吡咯啶酮、N-甲基吡咯啶酮等醯胺系溶劑;二乙基醚、二丁基醚、環戊基甲基醚、四氫呋喃、1,4-二噁烷等醚系溶劑;乙腈等腈系溶劑等,這些可單獨使用亦可組合2種以上使用。
彼等中,亦由反應效率之觀點來看,以水、甲苯、二甲苯、二甲基甲醯胺、環戊基甲基醚、四氫呋喃為佳,以與水之甲苯混合溶劑、與水之二甲苯的混合溶劑為較佳。
醚化反應時之反應溫度並無特別限定,但若考慮將反應速度設定在適當範圍下,可抑制鹵素化烯基化合物之揮散時,以25~90℃為佳,以40~80℃為較佳,以50~70℃為更佳。
又,醚化反應通常可在大氣壓下進行,但以上述鹵素化烯基化合物的揮散抑制及提高反應速度等目的下,可在
加壓下進行。
反應時間並無特別限制,一般為10分鐘~24小時。
且,上述醚化反應中,欲提高反應速度可使用觸媒。
作為觸媒,可由一般使用於威廉姆森(Williamson)合成法者中適宜地選出不與式(4)所示化合物的環氧基進行反應者即可。
作為該具體例子,可舉出12-冠-4、15-冠-5、18-冠-6、二苯並-18-冠-6等冠醚;四丁基銨氯化物、四丁基銨溴化物、四丁基銨碘化物、四丁基銨硫酸氫鹽等4級銨鹽;碘化鉀、碘化鈉等鹼金屬鹵素化物等,這些可單獨使用,亦可組合2種以上使用。
這些中,由反應性及獲得容易性之觀點來看,以18-冠-6、四丁基銨溴化物、四丁基銨碘化物、四丁基銨硫酸氫鹽、碘化鉀為佳,以四丁基銨碘化物、四丁基銨硫酸氫鹽、碘化鉀為較佳,以四丁基銨硫酸氫鹽為更佳。
上述觸媒可作為相間移動觸媒發揮其作用,或使鹵素化烯基化合物活化並提高反應速度。
上述觸媒的使用量若為觸媒量即可,對於式(4)所示化合物與鹵素化烯基化合物之合計而言,以0.001~10質量%為佳,以0.01~1質量%為較佳。
對於第2階段,作為使用於與在第1階段所得之烯基化合物的反應之式(6)所示矽烷化合物的具體例子,可舉出三甲氧基矽烷、甲基二甲氧基矽烷、二甲基
甲氧基矽烷、三乙氧基矽烷、甲基二乙氧基矽烷、二甲基乙氧基矽烷等,由水解性之觀點來看,以三甲氧基矽烷、三乙氧基矽烷為佳,以三甲氧基矽烷為較佳。
使用於第2階段的氫矽烷化之含有鉑化合物的觸媒並無特別限定,作為該具體例子,可舉出氯化鉑酸、氯化鉑酸的醇溶液、鉑-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物的甲苯或二甲苯溶液、肆三苯基膦鉑、二氯雙三苯基膦鉑、二氯雙乙腈鉑、二氯雙苯甲腈鉑、二氯環辛二烯鉑、鉑-碳、鉑-氧化鋁、鉑-二氧化矽等載持觸媒等。
這些中亦由選擇性層面來看,以0價鉑錯合物為佳,以鉑-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物之甲苯或二甲苯溶液為較佳。
含有鉑化合物的觸媒之使用量並無特別限定,由反應性、生產性之觀點來看,對於式(6)所示矽烷化合物1mol,以所含的鉑原子成為1×10-7~1×10-2mol之量為佳,以成為1×10-7~1×10-3mol之量為較佳。
又,欲提高氫矽烷化之反應性,可使用助觸媒。作為該助觸媒,可使用一般使用在氫矽烷化之助觸媒,在本發明中,以無機酸之銨鹽、酸醯胺化合物、羧酸為佳。
作為無機酸的銨鹽之具體例子,可舉出氯化銨、硫酸銨、醯胺硫酸銨、硝酸銨、磷酸二氫一銨、磷酸氫二銨、磷酸三銨、二亞磷酸銨、碳酸銨、碳酸氫銨、硫化銨、硼
酸銨、硼氟化銨等,其中,亦以pKa為2以上的無機酸之銨鹽為佳,以碳酸銨、碳酸氫銨為較佳。
作為酸醯胺化合物的具體例子,可舉出甲醯胺、乙醯胺、N-甲基乙醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、丙醯胺、丙烯醯胺、丙二醯胺、琥珀酸醯胺、馬來醯胺、富馬醯胺、苯甲醯胺、鄰苯二醯胺、棕櫚酸醯胺、硬脂酸醯胺等。
作為羧酸的具體例子,可舉出甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、甲氧基乙酸、戊烷酸、己酸、庚烷酸、辛酸、乳酸、甘醇酸等,彼等中亦以甲酸、乙酸、乳酸為佳,以乙酸為較佳。
助觸媒的使用量並無特別限定,由反應性、選擇性、成本等觀點來看,對於式(6)所示矽烷化合物1mol而言以1×10-5~1×10-1mol為佳,以1×10-4~5×10-1mol為較佳。
且,上述氫矽烷化反應亦可在無溶劑下進行,亦可使用溶劑。
作為可使用的溶劑之具體例子,可舉出戊烷、己烷、環己烷、庚烷、異辛烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等烴系溶劑;二乙基醚、四氫呋喃、二噁烷等醚系溶劑;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等酯系溶劑;N,N-二甲基甲醯胺等非質子性極性溶劑;二氯甲烷、氯仿等氯化烴系溶劑等,這些溶劑可單獨使用1種亦可混合2種以上後使用。
於上述氫矽烷化反應中之反應溫度並無特別
限定,可在0℃至加熱下進行,但以0~200℃為佳。
欲得到適度反應速度以在加熱下進行反應者為佳,由如此觀點來看,反應溫度以40~110℃為較佳,以40~90℃為更佳。
又,反應時間亦無特別限定,通常為1~60小時程度,但以1~30小時為佳,以1~20小時為較佳。
本發明之塗布劑組成物及接著劑組成物(以下有時通稱為組成物)為含有式(1)所示有機矽化合物者。
本發明之式(1)所示有機矽化合物為對於使用含有此的組成物進行被覆處理或接著處理所成的硬化物品賦予疏水性,又其為接著劑組成物之情況時,作為該接著促進劑發揮其作用之同時,源自該有機矽化合物的結構,與過去有機矽化合物相比,可提高硬化物之耐熱性、耐黃變性及耐裂紋性。
本發明之組成物可含有欲可將此有效率地進行硬化的硬化觸媒。
作為硬化觸媒,若為一般使用於濕氣縮合硬化型組成物的硬化之硬化觸媒即可,並無特別限定。作為該具體例子,可舉出二丁基錫二乙酸鹽、二丁基月桂酸錫、二辛基月桂酸錫、二丁基錫二辛酸鹽、二辛基錫二辛酸鹽等烷基錫酯化合物;四異丙氧基鈦、四n-丁氧基鈦、肆(2-乙基己氧基)鈦、二丙氧基雙(乙醯丙酮根)鈦、鈦異丙氧基辛二醇等鈦酸酯,及鈦螯合化合物以及這些部分水解物;
環烷烴酸鋅、硬脂酸鋅、鋅-2-乙基辛酸鹽、鐵-2-乙基己酸鹽、鈷-2-乙基己酸鹽、錳-2-乙基己酸鹽、環烷烴酸鈷、三氫氧化鋁、鋁醇鹽、鋁醯化物、鋁醯化物之鹽、鋁能代羧酸化合物、鋁螯合化合物等有機金屬化合物;3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、N-β(胺基乙基)γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷等胺基烷基取代烷氧基矽烷;己基胺、磷酸十二烷基胺等胺化合物及其鹽;苯甲基三乙基銨乙酸酯等第4級銨鹽;乙酸鉀、乙酸鈉、草酸鋰等鹼金屬之低級脂肪酸鹽;二甲基羥基胺、二乙基羥基胺等二烷基羥基胺;四甲基胍基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、四甲基胍基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷、四甲基胍基丙基參(三甲基矽氧基)矽烷等含有胍基的矽烷及矽氧烷;N,N,N’,N’,N”,N”-六甲基-N”’-[3-(三甲氧基矽基)丙基]-磷醯三胺等含有磷腈鹽基之矽烷及矽氧烷等,這些可單獨使用,亦可組合2種以上使用。
這些中亦以反應性較優的四異丙氧基鈦、四n-丁氧基鈦及這些部分水解物為佳,以四n-丁氧基鈦為更佳。
硬化觸媒的添加量並無特別限定,若考慮到將硬化速度調整至適當的範圍,以提高作業性時,對於式(1)所示有機矽化合物100質量份,以0.01~15質量份為佳,以0.1~5質量份為較佳。
且,本發明之組成物可含有溶劑。
作為溶劑,若具有主成分之式(1)所示有機矽化合物的溶解能即可,並無特別限定,但由溶解性及揮發性等觀點來看,以甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族系溶劑;甲基乙基
酮、甲基異丁基酮等酮系溶劑;四氫呋喃等醚系溶劑為佳,其中以甲苯、四氫呋喃為較佳。
溶劑之添加量對於式(1)所示有機矽化合物100質量份而言,以10~20,000質量份為佳,以100~10,000質量份為較佳。
藉由將本發明之塗布劑組成物塗布於固體基材表面,使其硬化形成被覆層後,得到硬化物品之被覆固體基材,又將本發明之接著劑組成物塗布在固體基材表面,進一步於該上面層合其他固體基材後,使組成物硬化形成接著層後,得到硬化物品之接著層合體。
作為固體基材之具體例子,可舉出環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、聚碳酸酯類及聚碳酸酯摻合物等聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲基)等丙烯酸系樹脂、聚(乙烯對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)或聚(丁烯對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)等聚酯樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物樹脂、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚物樹脂、聚氯乙烯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚苯乙烯與聚伸苯基醚的摻合物、纖維素乙酸酯丁酸酯、聚乙烯樹脂等有機樹脂基材;金屬基材;塗料塗佈面;玻璃;陶瓷;混凝土;板岩板;紡織品;(中空)二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、氧化鋯、氧化鋁等無機填充物;以玻璃纖維為始的玻璃布、玻璃膠帶、玻璃墊、玻璃紙等玻璃纖維製品等,對於基材的材質及形狀並無特別限定。
本發明之組成物因與環境中之水分接觸後,
進行式(1)所示有機矽化合物之水解縮合反應。作為環境中之水分的指標,可為10~100%RH之任意濕度,一般為因濕度越高,越早進行水解,故可依所需將水分加入環境中。
硬化反應溫度及時間可配合所使用的基材、水分濃度、觸媒濃度,及水解性基種類等因子做適宜變更。通常在不超過所使用的基材之耐熱溫度的範圍內進行5分鐘至1星期程度,但以不超過基材之耐熱溫度的範圍內加熱10分鐘~2小時使其硬化者為佳,具體為在30~180℃於30分鐘~2小時的條件下使其硬化為較佳。
以下舉出實施例及比較例更具體說明本發明,但本發明並未受到這些實施例之限定。
且,對於下述,黏度為藉由B型轉動黏度計在25℃所得之測定值,分子量為藉由GPC(凝膠滲透色譜儀)測定所求得之聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量。又,環氧當量的單位以g/mol表示,表示具有環氧基1mol之環氧化合物的質量。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計之300mL可分離燒瓶中,裝入環氧當量869g/mol的末端環
氧化氫化丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物(L-207、(股)Kuraray製)200g及二辛基月桂酸錫0.11g,在80℃進行加熱。於其中滴入3-異氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基矽烷11.8g,在80℃進行2小時加熱攪拌。其後,藉由IR測定確認來自原料的異氰酸酯基之吸收峰完全消失,取而代之來自胺基甲酸酯鍵的吸收峰生成,而作為反應結束。
所得之反應生成物為淡黃色透明液體,重量平均分子量為13,750,黏度為23萬mPa‧s,環氧當量為1,400g/mol。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計之300mL可分離燒瓶中裝入環氧當量869g/mol之末端環氧化氫化丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物(L-207、(股)Kuraray製)200g及二辛基月桂酸錫0.11g,在80℃進行加熱。於其中滴入3-異氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基矽烷14.2g,在80℃進行2小時加熱攪拌。其後藉由IR測定確認來自原料的異氰酸酯基之吸收峰完全消失,取而代之來自胺基甲酸酯鍵的吸收峰生成,而作為反應結束。
所得之反應生成物為淡黃色透明液體,重量平均分子量為13,000,黏度為20萬mPa‧s,環氧當量為1,420g/mol。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的300mL可分離燒瓶中,裝入環氧當量869g/mol的末端環氧化氫化丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物(L-207、(股)Kuraray製)200g,及二辛基錫氧化物0.11g,在80℃進行加熱。於其中滴入3-異氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基矽烷11.8g,在80℃進行2小時加熱攪拌。其後,藉由IR測定確認來自原料的異氰酸酯基之吸收峰完全消失,取而代之來自胺基甲酸酯鍵之吸收峰生成,作為反應結束。
所得之反應生成物為淡黃色透明液體,重量平均分子量為14,200,黏度為25萬mPa‧s,環氧當量為1,380g/mol。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的300mL可分離燒瓶中,裝入環氧當量869g/mol的末端環氧化氫化丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物(L-207、(股)Kuraray製)200g,在80℃進行加熱。於其中滴入3-異氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基矽烷11.8g,在80℃進行6小時加熱攪拌。其後,藉由IR測定確認來自原料的異氰酸酯基之吸收峰完全消失,取而代之來自胺基甲酸酯鍵之吸收峰生成,作為反應結束。
所得之反應生成物為淡黃色透明液體,重量平均分子量為15,700,黏度為27萬mPa.s,環氧當量為1,000g/mol。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的200mL可分離燒瓶中裝入環氧當量為869g/mol的末端環氧化氫化丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物(L-207、(股)Kuraray製)50g、甲苯50g、四丁基銨硫酸氫鹽0.67g,及30%氫氧化鈉水溶液37.6g,在60℃進行加熱。於其中滴入溴化烯丙基17.1g,在60℃進行6小時加熱攪拌。其後,對經靜置而分離為二層的水層進行分液,將有機層以水洗至成中性,進一步將有機層經減壓濃縮(80℃,5mmHg)除去揮發成分,經過濾後得到對應之烯基化合物。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的300mL可分離燒瓶中,裝入在上述第1階段所得之烯基化合物100g、甲苯100g、鉑-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物之甲苯溶液0.19g(對於三甲氧基矽烷1mol,鉑原子為5.0×10-4mol),及乙酸0.003g(對於三甲氧基矽烷1mol為5.0×10-2mol),將三甲氧基矽烷1.17g投入於內溫75~85℃後,在80℃進行1小時攪拌。攪拌終了後藉由減壓濃縮(80℃,5mmHg)及過濾後,得到黏度為15萬mPa‧s的淡黃色透明液體。又,所得之反應物之重量平均分子量為10,870,環氧當量為1,380
g/mol。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的200mL可分離燒瓶中裝入環氧當量為869g/mol的末端環氧化氫化丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物(L-207、(股)Kuraray製)50g、甲苯50g、四丁基銨碘化物0.61g,及30%氫氧化鈉水溶液37.6g,於60℃加熱。於其中滴入氯化烯丙基10.8g,在60℃進行6小時加熱攪拌。其後,對經靜置而分離為二層的水層進行分液,將有機層以水洗至成中性,進一步將有機層經減壓濃縮(80℃、5mmHg)除去揮發成分,經過濾後得到對應之烯基化合物。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的300mL可分離燒瓶中,裝入在上述第1階段所得之烯基化合物100g、甲苯100g、鉑-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物之甲苯溶液0.19g(對於三乙氧基矽烷1mol,鉑原子為5.0×10-4mol),及乙酸0.003g(對於三乙氧基矽烷1mol為5.0×10-2mol),將三乙氧基矽烷1.57g投入於內溫75~85℃後,在80℃進行1小時攪拌。攪拌終了後,經減壓濃縮(80℃、5mmHg)及過濾後,得到黏度為16萬mPa‧s之淡黃色透明液體。又,所得之反
應物的重量平均分子量為11,000,環氧當量為1,400g/mol。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的200mL可分離燒瓶中裝入環氧當量為869g/mol的末端環氧化氫化丁二烯-異戊二烯共聚物(L-207、(股)Kuraray製)50g、甲苯50g、碘化鉀0.57g,及30%氫氧化鈉水溶液37.6g,於60℃加熱。於其中滴入氯化辛烯基6.9g,在80℃進行6小時加熱攪拌。其後,對經靜置而分離為二層的水層進行分液,將有機層以水洗至成中性,進一步將有機層減壓濃縮(80℃、5mmHg)除去揮發成分,經過濾後得到對應之烯基化合物。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的300mL可分離燒瓶中,裝入在上述第1階段所得之烯基化合物100g、甲苯100g、鉑-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二矽氧烷錯合物之甲苯溶液0.18g(對於三甲氧基矽烷1mol,鉑原子為5.0×10-4mol),及乙酸0.003g(對於三甲氧基矽烷1mol為5.0×10-2mol),將三甲氧基矽烷1.16g在內溫75~85℃下投入後,在80℃進行1小時攪拌。攪拌終了後,經減壓濃縮(80℃,5mmHg)及過濾
後,得到黏度為18萬mPa‧s之淡黃色透明液體。又,所得之反應物的重量平均分子量為10,970,環氧當量為1,450g/mol。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的1L可分離燒瓶中,裝入環氧當量為172g/mol的聚甘油聚縮水甘油基醚(DenacolEX-1610、Nagase Chemtex(股)製)100g,在80℃進行加熱。於其中滴入3-異氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基矽烷49.9g,在80℃進行4小時加熱攪拌。其後,藉由IR測定確認來自原料的異氰酸酯基之吸收峰完全消失,取而代之來自胺基甲酸酯鍵之吸收峰生成,作為反應結束。所得之反應生成物為淡黃色透明液體,重量平均分子量為3,800,黏度為1,421mPa‧s,環氧當量為261g/mol。
於具備攪拌機、迴流冷卻器、滴定漏斗及溫度計的1L可分離燒瓶中,裝入環氧當量為220g/mol的山梨醇系聚縮水甘油基醚(DenacolEX-610U、Nagase Chemtex(股)製)100g,在80℃進行加熱。於其中滴入3-異氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基矽烷39.8g,在80℃進行4小時加熱攪拌。其後,藉由IR測定確認來自原料的異氰酸酯基之吸收峰完全消失,取而代之來自胺基甲酸酯鍵之吸收峰生
成,作為反應結束。所得之反應生成物為淡黃濁色液體,重量平均分子量為3,600,黏度為1,114mPa‧s,環氧當量為315g/mol。
對於在上述實施例1-1~1-7及比較例1-1,1-2所得之有機矽化合物,測定各經加熱後的重量減少。
作為測定條件,使用差動型差示熱天秤(TG8120,(股)Rigaku製),測定溫度25~500℃,昇溫速度10.0℃/分鐘,測定環境空氣的通氣量100mL/分。作為評估方法,將試料重量全體減少5%時的時間點之溫度作為「T5」,試料重量全體減少10%時的時間點的溫度作為「T10」而進行評估。結果如下述表1及2所示。
將在上述實施例1-1所得之有機矽化合物1 100質量份、硬化觸媒之四n-丁氧基鈦1質量份與作為溶劑之四氫呋喃100質量份使用攪拌機進行均勻混合調製出塗布劑組成物。
將所得之塗布劑組成物,在25℃、50%RH的空氣下使用棒塗布No.14塗布於玻璃板,在25℃、50%RH之空氣下進行4天乾燥‧硬化後,在105℃進行2小時乾燥‧硬化,進一步在150℃進行2小時乾燥‧硬化後製作出硬
化被膜。
將在實施例2-1所得之有機矽化合物1各變更為在實施例1-2~1-7及比較例1-1~1-2所得之有機矽化合物2~9以外,與實施例2-1同樣地製作出塗布劑組成物及硬化被膜。
又,將有機矽化合物1,作為比較例1-3變更為γ-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷(KBM-403、信越化學工業(股)製),作為比較例1-4變更為環氧丙氧基辛基三甲氧基矽烷(KBM-4803,信越化學工業(股)製)以外,與實施例2-1同樣下製作出塗布劑組成物及硬化被膜。
對於在上述實施例2-1~2-7及比較例2-1~2-4所製作之硬化膜,實施下述評估。這些結果合併於表1,2。
製作之硬化被膜的水接觸角以5點平均進行測定。
將所製作的硬化被膜之黃變程度以目視做確認。
未觀測到黃變時,作為耐黃變性優良者並評估為「○」。觀測到有顯著黃變者評估為「×」。
確認製作之硬化被膜的裂紋(龜裂)之有無。
完全未見到裂紋時表示具有優良的耐裂紋性則評估為「○」。觀測到1條裂紋時評估為「×」。觀測到2條以上裂紋時評估為「××」。
如表1,2所示得知,在實施例1-1~1-7所得之有機矽化合物與在比較例1-1,1-2所得之有機矽化合物相比,具有優良的耐熱性。
又,使用在各實施例所得之有機矽化合物1~7的實
施例2-1~2-7所製作的硬化被膜與在比較例2-1~2-4所製作的硬化被膜相比,具有優良的疏水性、耐黃變性及耐裂紋性。
Claims (8)
- 一種塗布劑組成物,其特徵為含有如請求項1或2之有機矽化合物。
- 一種接著劑組成物,其特徵為含有如請求項1或2之有機矽化合物。
- 一種硬化物品,其特徵為具有使如請求項5之塗布劑組成物經硬化而成的被覆層。
- 一種硬化物品,其特徵為具有使如請求項6之接著劑組成物經硬化而成的接著層。
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