TW201728575A - 具有螺環接結構的化合物及含有其的有機發光裝置 - Google Patents
具有螺環接結構的化合物及含有其的有機發光裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201728575A TW201728575A TW105134269A TW105134269A TW201728575A TW 201728575 A TW201728575 A TW 201728575A TW 105134269 A TW105134269 A TW 105134269A TW 105134269 A TW105134269 A TW 105134269A TW 201728575 A TW201728575 A TW 201728575A
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- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical group CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXRGABKACDFXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylborane Chemical group CB(C)C WXRGABKACDFXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXSVLWZRHLXFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylborane Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1B(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MXSVLWZRHLXFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HTPBWAPZAJWXKY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/624—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing six or more rings
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- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/72—Spiro hydrocarbons
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/08—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
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- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms having only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/18—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with aryl radicals directly attached in position 2
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- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D239/72—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines
- C07D239/74—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, attached to ring carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
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- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
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- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D263/54—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles
- C07D263/56—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
- C07D263/57—Aryl or substituted aryl radicals
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- C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
- C07D265/34—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings
- C07D265/38—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
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- C07D271/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D271/10—1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
- C07D271/107—1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with two aryl or substituted aryl radicals attached in positions 2 and 5
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- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D277/62—Benzothiazoles
- C07D277/64—Benzothiazoles with only hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached in position 2
- C07D277/66—Benzothiazoles with only hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached in position 2 with aromatic rings or ring systems directly attached in position 2
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- C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
- C07D279/14—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D279/18—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
- C07D279/22—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D285/01—Five-membered rings
- C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
- C07D285/04—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles not condensed with other rings
- C07D285/12—1,3,4-Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-thiadiazoles
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- C07D307/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
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- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
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Abstract
本說明書提供一種具有螺環接結構的化合物以及含有其的有機發光裝置。
Description
本申請案主張2015年10月28日在韓國智慧財產局(Korean Intellectual Property Office)提申之韓國專利申請案第10-2015-0150335號及2016年10月10日在韓國智慧財產局提申之韓國專利申請案第10-2016-0130746號的優先權及權益,其全部內容均併入本文中供參考。
本說明書係關於一種具有螺環接結構的化合物以及含有其的有機發光裝置。
有機發光現象通常是指使用有機材料將電能轉換成光能的現象。利用有機發光現象的有機發光裝置通常具有包含陽極、陰極以及介於其間之有機材料層的結構。本文中,有機材料層通常是以由不同材料形成之多層結構形成,以便增加有機發光裝置之效率及穩定性,且例如可經形成而具有電洞注入層、電洞轉移層、發光層、電子轉移層、電子注入層以及其類似層。當在此類有機發光裝置結構中之兩個電極之間施加電壓時,電洞及電子分別自陽極及陰極注入有機材料層中,且當所注入之電洞與電子相遇時,形成激子,且在這些激子降回至基態時發出光。
不斷地需要開發用於此類有機發光裝置的新材料。
[技術問題] 本說明書描述一種具有螺環接結構的化合物以及含有其的有機發光裝置。 [技術解決方案]
本說明書中的一個實施例提供由以下化學式1表示之化合物: [化學式1]
在化學式1中, L為直接鍵、經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基, HAr為經取代或未經取代之雜環基;或經取代或未經取代之氧化膦基團, R1至R4彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為氫;氘;鹵基(halogen group);腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;經取代或未經取代之胺基;經取代或未經取代之矽烷基;經取代或未經取代之硼基;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之環烷基;經取代或未經取代之烷氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之烯基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳烯基;經取代或未經取代之烷基芳基;經取代或未經取代之烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基膦基;經取代或未經取代之氧化膦基團;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基,或可與相鄰基團鍵結而形成經取代或未經取代之環,以及 a為整數0至7,b為整數0至7,c為整數0至5,d為整數0至4,n為整數0至10,且當a、b、c、d以及n各自為2或大於2時,括弧中的結構彼此相同或不同。
本說明書中的另一個實施例提供一種有機發光裝置,其包含:第一電極;在第一電極對面設置的第二電極;以及一或多個設置於第一電極與第二電極之間的有機材料層,其中有機材料層中之一或多個層包含化學式1之化合物。 [有利作用]
本說明書中所述之化合物可用作有機發光裝置中之有機材料層材料。根據至少一個實施例的化合物能夠使有機發光裝置的效率提高、驅動電壓降低及/或壽命特性增強。特定言之,本說明書中所述之化合物可用作電洞注入、電洞轉移、電洞注入及電洞轉移、發光、電子轉移或電子注入的材料。另外,本說明書中所述的化合物較佳可用作發光層、電子轉移或電子注入的材料。更佳地,當使用本說明書中所述的化合物作為電洞注入、電洞轉移以及電子抑制層材料時,展現低電壓、高效率及/或長壽命特性。
在下文中,將更詳細地描述本說明書。
本說明書中的一個實施例提供一種由式1表示之化合物。
取代基之實例如下描述,然而,取代基不限於此。
在本說明書的一個實施例中,術語「經取代或未經取代」意謂經一或多個由以下各者所構成的族群中選出之取代基取代:氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;胺基;氧化膦基團;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫代氧基(alkylthioxy group);芳基硫代氧基(arylthioxy group);烷基硫氧基(alkylsulfoxy group);芳基硫氧基(arylsulfoxy group);未經取代或經烷基取代之矽烷基;硼基;烷基;環烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;雜芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基膦基;以及雜環基,或未經取代,或經使以上所說明之取代基中的兩個或超過兩個取代基連接的取代基取代,或未經取代。舉例而言,「使兩個或超過兩個取代基連接的取代基」可包含聯苯基。換言之,聯苯基可為芳基,或解釋為連接兩個苯基之取代基。
在本說明書中,表述「經取代或未經取代」可意謂較佳經一或多個由以下各者所構成的族群中選出之取代基取代:氘;鹵基;腈基;烷基;三甲基矽烷基;芳基;以及雜環基,或未經取代。
在本說明書中,「相鄰」基團可意謂取代與相應取代基所取代之原子直接連接之原子的取代基、空間位置最接近相應取代基的取代基,或取代相應取代基所取代之原子的另一個取代基。舉例而言,取代苯環中之鄰位之兩個取代基及取代脂族環中之同一碳之兩個取代基可解釋為彼此「相鄰」之基團。
在本說明書中,羰基之碳原子數目不受特定限制,但較佳為1至40。具體而言,可包含具有如下結構之化合物,但羰基不限於此。
在本說明書中,在酯基中,酯基中之氧可經具有1至25個碳原子之直鏈、分支鏈或環狀烷基或具有6至25個碳原子之芳基取代。具體而言,可包含具有以下結構式之化合物,但酯基不限於此。
在本說明書中,醯亞胺基之碳原子數目不受特定限制,但較佳為1至25。具體而言,可包含具有如下結構之化合物,但醯亞胺基不限於此。
在本說明書中,矽烷基可由化學式-SiRR'R"表示,且R、R'以及R"可各自為氫;經取代或未經取代之烷基;或經取代或未經取代之芳基。矽烷基之特定實例可包含三甲基矽烷基、三乙基矽烷基、第三丁基二甲基矽烷基、乙烯基二甲基矽烷基、丙基二甲基矽烷基、三苯基矽烷基、二苯基矽烷基、苯基矽烷基以及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,硼基團可由化學式-BRR'表示,且R及R'可各自為氫;經取代或未經取代之烷基;或經取代或未經取代之芳基。硼基團之特定實例包含三甲基硼基團、三乙基硼基團、第三丁基二甲基硼基團、三苯基硼基團、苯基硼基團以及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,鹵基之實例可包含氟、氯、溴或碘。
在本說明書中,烷基可為直鏈或分支鏈,且碳原子數目不特別受限制,但較佳為1至40。根據一個實施例,烷基之碳原子數目為1至20。根據另一實施例,烷基之碳原子數目為1至10。根據又一實施例,烷基之碳原子數目為1至6。烷基之特定實例包含甲基、乙基、丙基、正丙基、異丙基、丁基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、第二丁基、1-甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、戊基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、第三戊基、己基、正己基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、庚基、正庚基、1-甲基己基、環戊基甲基、環己基甲基、辛基、正辛基、第三辛基、1-甲基庚基、2-乙基己基、2-丙基戊基、正壬基、2,2-二甲基庚基、1-乙基-丙基、1,1-二甲基-丙基、異己基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基以及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,烯基可為直鏈或分支鏈,且雖然不受其特定限制,但碳原子數目較佳為2至40。根據一個實施例,烯基之碳原子數目為2至20。根據另一實施例,烯基之碳原子數目為2至10。根據又一實施例,烯基之碳原子數目為2至6。其具體實例包含乙烯基、1-丙烯基、異丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1,3-丁二烯基、烯丙基、1-苯基乙烯基-1-基、2-苯基乙烯基-1-基、2,2-二苯基乙烯基-1-基、2-苯基-2-(萘基-1-基)乙烯基-1-基、2,2-雙(二苯基-1-基)乙烯基-1-基、芪基、苯乙烯基及類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,環烷基不受特定限制,但較佳具有3個至60個碳原子,且根據一個實施例,環烷基之碳原子數目為3至30。根據另一個實施例,環烷基之碳原子數目為3至20。根據又一實施例,環烷基之碳原子數目為3至6。其具體實例可包含環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、3-甲基環戊基、2,3-二甲基環戊基、環己基、3-甲基環己基、4-甲基環己基、2,3-二甲基環己基、3,4,5-三甲基環己基、4-第三丁基環己基、環庚基、環辛基及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,烷氧基不受特定限制,但較佳具有1至40個碳原子。根據一個實施例,烷氧基之碳原子數目為1至10。根據另一實施例,烷氧基之碳原子數目為1至6。烷氧基之具體實例可包含甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丁氧基、第二丁氧基、戊氧基、異戊基氧基、己氧基及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,胺基之碳原子數不受特定限制,但較佳為1至30。胺基之具體實例可包含甲胺基、二甲胺基、乙胺基、二乙胺基、苯胺基、萘胺基、聯苯胺基、蒽胺基、9-甲基蒽胺、二苯胺基、苯基萘胺基、二甲苯胺基、苯基甲苯胺基、三苯胺基以及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,芳基胺基之實例包含經取代或未經取代之單芳基胺基、經取代或未經取代之二芳基胺基,或經取代或未經取代之三芳基胺基。芳基胺基中的芳基可為單環芳基或多環芳基。包含兩個或超過兩個芳基之芳基胺基可包含單環芳基、多環芳基,或單環芳基與多環芳基。
芳基胺基之具體實例可包含苯胺基、萘胺基、聯苯胺基、蒽胺基、3-甲基-苯胺基、4-甲基萘胺基、2-甲基聯苯胺基、9-甲基蒽胺基、二苯基胺基、苯基萘基胺基、二甲苯基胺基、苯基甲苯基胺基、咔唑、三苯基胺基及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,雜芳基胺基之實例包含經取代或未經取代之單雜芳基胺基、經取代或未經取代之二雜芳基胺基,或經取代或未經取代之三雜芳基胺基。雜芳基胺基中的雜芳基可為單環雜環基或多環雜環基。包含兩個或超過兩個雜環基之雜芳基胺基可包含單環雜環基、多環雜環基,或單環雜環基與多環雜環基。
在本說明書中,芳基雜芳基胺基意謂經芳基及雜環基取代之胺基。
在本說明書中,芳基膦基之實例包含經取代或未經取代之單芳基膦基、經取代或未經取代之二芳基膦基,或經取代或未經取代之三芳基膦基。芳基膦基中的芳基可為單環芳基或多環芳基。包含兩個或超過兩個芳基之芳基膦基可包含單環芳基、多環芳基,或單環芳基與多環芳基。
在本說明書中,芳基不受特定限制,但較佳具有6個至60個碳原子,且可為單環芳基或多環芳基。根據一個實施例,芳基之碳原子數目為6至30。根據一個實施例,芳基之碳原子數目為6至20。單環芳基之實例可包含苯基、聯苯基、聯三苯基以及其類似基團,但不限於此。多環芳基之實例可包含萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、屈基、茀基、聯伸三苯基及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,茀基可經取代,且取代基中之兩者可彼此鍵結而形成螺環接結構。
當茀基經取代時,可包含、、、、、、、及其類似物。然而,所述結構不限於此。
在本說明書中,雜環基為包含N、O、P、S、Si以及Se中之一或多者作為雜原子的雜環基,且雖然不受其特定限制,但碳原子數目較佳為2至60。雜環基之實例可包含噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、聯吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、三唑基、吖啶基、噠嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喏啉基、酞嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、吡嗪并吡嗪基、異喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咔唑基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、啡啉基、噻唑基、異噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、啡噁嗪基、啡噻嗪基、二苯并呋喃基及其類似基團,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,以上關於雜環基所提供之描述可用於雜芳基,但其中雜芳基為芳族基團。
在本說明書中,以上關於芳基所提供之描述可用於下列基團中之芳基:芳氧基、芳基硫代氧基、芳基硫氧基、芳基膦基、芳烷基、芳烷基胺基、芳烯基、烷芳基、芳胺基以及芳基雜芳基胺基。
在本說明書中,以上關於烷基所提供之描述可用於下列基團中之烷基:烷基硫代氧基、烷基硫氧基、芳烷基、芳烷基胺基、烷芳基以及烷胺基。
在本說明書中,以上關於雜芳基所提供之描述可用於雜芳基、雜芳基胺基以及芳基雜芳基胺基中之雜芳基。
在本說明書中,以上關於烯基所提供之描述可用於芳烯基中之烯基。
在本說明書中,以上關於芳基所提供之描述可用於伸芳基,但其中伸芳基為二價的。
在本說明書中,以上關於雜芳基所提供之描述可用於伸雜芳基,但其中伸雜芳基為二價的。
在本說明書中,鍵結至相鄰基團而形成環意謂鍵結至相鄰基團而形成經取代或未經取代之脂族烴環;經取代或未經取代之芳族烴環;經取代或未經取代之脂族雜環;經取代或未經取代之芳族雜環;或其稠合環。
在本說明書中,脂族烴環意謂不為芳族且僅由碳及氫原子形成的環。
在本說明書中,芳族烴環之實例可包含苯、萘、蒽及其類似物,但不限於此。
在本說明書中,脂族雜環意謂包含一或多個雜原子之脂族環。
在本說明書中,芳族雜環意謂包含一或多個雜原子之芳族環。
在本說明書中,脂族烴環、芳族烴環、脂族雜環與芳族雜環可為單環或多環。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,化學式1可由以下化學式2至化學式5之一表示。 [化學式2][化學式3][化學式4][化學式5]
在化學式2至化學式5中,取代基的定義與化學式1中相同。
根據本申請案的一個實施例,在化學式1至化學式5中,HAr為經取代或未經取代之吡啶基;經取代或未經取代之嘧啶基;經取代或未經取代之三嗪基;經取代或未經取代之呋喃基;經取代或未經取代之噻吩基;經取代或未經取代之噁二唑基;經取代或未經取代之噻二唑基;經取代或未經取代之啡啉基(phenanthroline group);經取代或未經取代之喹啉基;經取代或未經取代之異喹啉基;經取代或未經取代之喹唑啉基;經取代或未經取代之苯并噁唑基(benzoxazole group);經取代或未經取代之苯并噻唑基;經取代或未經取代之苯并咪唑基;經取代或未經取代之啡噁嗪基;經取代或未經取代之啡噻嗪基;經取代或未經取代之二苯并呋喃基;經取代或未經取代之二苯并噻吩基;經取代或未經取代之咔唑基;或經取代或未經取代之二芳基氧化膦基團。
根據本申請案的一個實施例,在化學式1至化學式5中,HAr可為未經取代或經以下取代:經取代或未經取代之芳基;經取代或未經取代之雜環基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;或經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基。
根據本申請案的一個實施例,在化學式1至化學式5中,HAr可未經取代或經以下取代:經取代或未經取代之芳基,或經取代或未經取代之雜環基。
根據本申請案的一個實施例,在化學式1至化學式5中,HAr可未經取代或經以下取代:經取代或未經取代之芳基。
根據本申請案的一個實施例,在化學式1至化學式5中,HAr可未經取代或經芳基取代。
根據本申請案的一個實施例,在化學式1至化學式5中,HAr可未經取代或經苯基或聯苯基取代。
根據本申請案的一個實施例,在化學式1至化學式5中,-(L)n-HAr可由以下結構式表示。
在結構式中, Ar1至Ar3彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基;經取代或未經取代之雜環基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;或經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基, L1為直接鍵、經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基,以及 結構式可未經取代或經一或多個由以下各者所構成的族群中選出之取代基取代:氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;經取代或未經取代之胺基;氧化膦基團;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫代氧基;芳基硫代氧基;烷基硫氧基;芳基硫氧基;矽烷基;硼基;烷基;環烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;雜芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基雜芳基胺基;芳基膦基;以及雜環基。
根據一個實施例,說明為-(L)n-HAr的結構式可未經取代或經以下取代:經取代或未經取代之芳基;經取代或未經取代之雜環基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;或經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;或經取代或未經取代之單環至五環伸芳基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;或經取代或未經取代之單環至四環伸芳基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;或伸芳基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同且各自獨立地為直接鍵;經取代或未經取代之伸苯基;經取代或未經取代之二價聯苯基;經取代或未經取代之二價聯三苯基;經取代或未經取代之二價對聯四苯基;經取代或未經取代之二價萘基;經取代或未經取代之二價蒽基;經取代或未經取代之二價茀基;經取代或未經取代之二價菲基;經取代或未經取代之二價芘基;或經取代或未經取代之二價屈基(chrysenyl group)。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;伸苯基;二價聯苯基;二價聯三苯基;二價對聯四苯基;二價萘基;二價蒽基;二價茀基;二價菲基;二價芘基;或二價屈基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之包含O、N或S的伸雜芳基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為包含O、N或S的伸雜芳基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵或由以下結構式中選出的任一者。
在結構式中, A1與A2彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為氫;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基,或可彼此鍵結而形成經取代或未經取代之環,以及 所述結構可未取代或經由以下各者所構成的族群中選出的一或多個取代基取代:氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基;經取代或未經取代之胺基;氧化膦基團;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫代氧基;芳基硫代氧基;烷基硫氧基;芳基硫氧基;矽烷基;硼基;烷基;環烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;雜芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基膦基;以及雜環基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵或由以下結構式中選出的任一者。
在結構式中, A1與A2彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為氫;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基,或可彼此鍵結而形成經取代或未經取代之環,以及 所述結構可未取代或經由以下各者所構成的族群中選出的一或多個取代基取代:氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基;經取代或未經取代之胺基;氧化膦基團;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫代氧基;芳基硫代氧基;烷基硫氧基;芳基硫氧基;矽烷基;硼基;烷基;環烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;雜芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基膦基;以及雜環基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵或由以下結構式中選出的任一者。
在結構式中, A1與A2彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為氫;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基,或可彼此鍵結而形成經取代或未經取代之環,以及 所述結構可未經取代或經由以下各者所構成的族群中選出的一或多個取代基取代:氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基;經取代或未經取代之胺基;氧化膦基團;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫代氧基;芳基硫代氧基;烷基硫氧基;芳基硫氧基;矽烷基;硼基;烷基;環烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;雜芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基膦基;以及雜環基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;伸苯基;伸聯苯基;或伸茀基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,L與L1彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;或伸苯基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,在上述結構式中,Ar1至Ar3彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,在上述結構式中,Ar1至Ar3彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,在上述結構式中,Ar1至Ar3彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為苯基;聯苯基;或萘基。
根據本發明的一個實施例,化學式1之化合物可為由以下化合物中選出的任一者。
由化學式1表示之化合物可依據下述製備實例製備。根據一個實施例,由化學式1表示之化合物可經由諸如以下反應式1-1以及1-2之步驟製備。 [反應式1-1](化合物A、A-1、B、B-1、C、C-1、D、D-1)[反應式1-2]
在反應式中,L1以及HAr之定義與上述那些定義相同。
所屬領域的技術人員可利用所屬領域中已知的技術修改上述反應式中所述的反應條件、試劑以及起始物質,且可視需要進一步引入取代基。
另外,本說明書提供一種包含由化學式1表示之化合物的有機發光裝置。
本說明書中的一個實施例提供一種有機發光裝置,其包含:第一電極;在第一電極對面設置的第二電極;以及一或多個設置於第一電極與第二電極之間的有機材料層,其中有機材料層中之一或多個層包含化學式1之化合物。
本說明書中之有機發光裝置之有機材料層可以單層結構形成,但可以其中兩個或超過兩個有機材料層層合之多層結構形成。舉例而言,本發明之有機發光裝置的結構可包含電洞注入層、電洞轉移層、發光層、電子轉移層、電子注入層以及其類似層作為有機材料層。然而,有機發光裝置之結構不限於此,且可包含較少數目個有機材料層。
在本說明書的一個實施例中,有機材料層包含電洞注入層、電洞轉移層或同時進行電洞注入和轉移的層,且電洞注入層、電洞轉移層或同時進行電洞注入和轉移的層包含化學式1之化合物。
在另一個實施例中,有機材料層包含發光層,且發光層包含化學式1之化合物。根據一個實施例,化學式1之化合物發揮著發光層主體之作用,且在這種情況下,發光層可更包含摻雜劑。作為摻雜劑,可使用所屬領域中已知的摻雜劑,且可據此使用例如磷光摻雜劑,具體言之,銥類摻雜劑。作為銥類摻雜劑,可使用Ir(ppy)3
、[(piq)2
Ir(acac)]及其類似物。
在本說明書的一個實施例中,有機材料層包含電子抑止層,且電子抑止層包含化學式1之化合物。
在本說明書的一個實施例中,電子轉移層、電子注入層或同時進行電子轉移以及電子注入的層包含化學式1之化合物。
在另一個實施例中,有機材料層包含發光層及電子轉移層,且電子轉移層包含化學式1之化合物。
電子轉移層可視需要更包含n型摻雜劑。作為n型摻雜劑,可使用所屬領域中已知的n型摻雜劑,且可使用例如Li錯合物,具體言之,LiQ。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,有機材料層包含發光層,且發光層包含由以下化學式1-A表示之化合物。 [化學式1-A]
在化學式1-A中, z1為1或大於1的整數,且當z1為2或大於2時,括弧中的結構彼此相同或不同, Ar100為經取代或未經取代之單價或更高價苯并茀基;經取代或未經取代之單價或更高價螢蒽基(fluoranthene group);經取代或未經取代之單價或更高價芘基;或經取代或未經取代之單價或更高價屈基(chrysene group), L100為直接鍵、經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基, R100與R101彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之矽烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳基烷基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基,或可彼此鍵結而形成經取代或未經取代之環。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,發光層包含由化學式1-A表示之化合物作為發光層摻雜劑。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,L100為直接鍵。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,z1為2。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar100為未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基或第三丁基取代之二價芘基;或未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基或第三丁基取代之二價屈基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar100為未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基或第三丁基取代之二價芘基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar100為二價芘基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,R100與R101彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之具有6到60個碳原子的芳基;或經取代或未經取代之具有2到60個碳原子的雜環基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,R100與R101彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為具有6到60個碳原子的芳基,所述芳基未經取代或經氘、烷基、腈基、芳基、烷基矽烷基或烷基鍺基取代;或具有2到60個碳原子的雜環基,所述雜環基未經取代或經氘、烷基、腈基、芳基、烷基矽烷基或烷基鍺基取代。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,R100與R101彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為具有6到60個碳原子的芳基,所述芳基未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基、第三丁基、腈基、苯基、三甲基矽烷基或三甲基鍺基取代;或具有2到60個碳原子的雜環基,所述雜環基未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基、第三丁基、腈基、苯基、三甲基矽烷基或三甲基鍺基取代。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,R100與R101彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基、第三丁基、腈基、苯基、三甲基矽烷基或三甲基鍺基取代之苯基;未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基、第三丁基、腈基、苯基、三甲基矽烷基或三甲基鍺基取代之聯苯基;未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基、第三丁基、腈基、苯基、三甲基矽烷基或三甲基鍺基取代之聯三苯基;或未經取代或經氘、甲基、乙基、異丙基、第三丁基、腈基、苯基、三甲基矽烷基或三甲基鍺基取代之二苯并呋喃基團。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,R100與R101彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為未經取代或經三甲基鍺基取代之苯基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,R100為苯基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,R101為經三甲基鍺基取代之苯基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,化學式1-A可由以下化合物中選出。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,有機材料層包含發光層,且發光層包含由以下化學式1-B表示之化合物。 [化學式1-B]在化學式1-B中,
Ar101與Ar102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基, L101與L102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基, R102為氫;氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;經取代或未經取代之胺基;經取代或未經取代之矽烷基;經取代或未經取代之硼基;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之環烷基;經取代或未經取代之烷氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之烯基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳烯基;經取代或未經取代之烷基芳基;經取代或未經取代之烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基膦基;經取代或未經取代之氧化膦基團;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基, z2與z3彼此相同或不同且各自獨立地為整數1或2,z4為整數0到8,且當z2到z4為2或大於2時,括弧中的取代基彼此相同或不同, m為1或大於1的整數,且當m為2或大於2的整數時,括弧中的取代基彼此相同或不同。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,發光層包含由化學式1-B表示之化合物作為發光層主體。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar101與Ar102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之具有6到60個碳原子的芳基;或經取代或未經取代之具有2到60個碳原子的雜環基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar101與Ar102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為未經取代或經烷基、芳基或雜環基取代之具有6到60個碳原子的芳基;或未經取代或經烷基、芳基或雜環基取代之具有2到60個碳原子的雜環基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar101與Ar102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為未經取代或經芳基或雜環基取代之苯基;未經取代或經芳基或雜環基取代之聯苯基;未經取代或經芳基或雜環基取代之聯三苯基;未經取代或經芳基或雜環基取代之萘基;未經取代或經烷基、芳基或雜環基取代之茀基;未經取代或經芳基或雜環基取代之菲基;或未經取代或經芳基或雜環基取代之聯伸三苯基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar101與Ar102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為苯基;聯苯基;聯三苯基;萘基;未經取代或經甲基或苯基取代之茀基;菲基;或聯伸三苯基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar101為2-萘基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,Ar102為苯基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,L101與L102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;伸苯基;或伸萘基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,L101為伸苯基。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,L102為直接鍵。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,z2為1。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,z3為1。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,R102為氫。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,m為1。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,m為2。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,化學式1-B可由以下化合物中選出。
根據本說明書中的一個實施例,有機材料層包含發光層,發光層包含由化學式1-A表示之化合物作為發光層摻雜劑,且包含由化學式1-B表示之化合物作為發光層主體。
本說明書中的一個實施例提供一種有機發光裝置,其包含:第一電極;在第一電極對面設置的第二電極;設置於第一電極與第二電極之間的發光層;以及兩個或超過兩個設置於發光層與第一電極之間或發光層與第二電極之間的有機材料層,其中兩個或超過兩個有機材料層中之至少一者包含具有螺環接結構的化合物。在一個實施例中,作為兩個或超過兩個有機材料層,可從由電子轉移層、電子注入層、同時進行電子轉移以及電子注入之層以及電洞阻擋層構成之族群中選出兩者或超過兩者。
在本說明書的一個實施例中,有機材料層包含兩個或超過兩個兩個電子轉移層,且兩個或超過兩個電子轉移層中之至少一者包含具有螺環接結構的化合物。具體言之,在本說明書的一個實施例中,作為具有螺環接結構之化合物的化合物可包含於兩個或超過兩個電子轉移層之一中,或可包含於兩個或超過兩個電子轉移層中的每一者中。
另外,在本說明書的一個實施例中,當具有螺環接結構的化合物包含於兩個或超過兩個電子轉移層中的每一者中時,除具有螺環接結構之化合物之外的材料可彼此相同或不同。
在另一個實施例中,有機發光裝置可為具有陽極、一或多個有機材料層以及陰極連續層壓於基板上之結構(普通型)的有機發光裝置。
在另一個實施例中,有機發光裝置可為具有陰極、一或多個有機材料層以及陽極連續層壓於基板上之逆向結構(倒置型)的有機發光裝置。
舉例而言,根據本說明書中的一個實施例的有機發光裝置之結構說明於圖1以及圖2中。
圖1說明一種有機發光裝置,其經形成而具有基板(1)、陽極(2)、發光層(3)以及陰極(4)。在這種結構中,所述化合物可包含於發光層中。
圖2說明一種有機發光裝置,其經形成而具有基板(1)、陽極(2)、電洞注入層(5)、電洞轉移層(6)、發光層(3)、電子轉移層(7)以及陰極(4)。在這種結構中,所述化合物可包含於電洞注入層、電洞轉移層、發光層以及電子轉移層中的一或多個層中。
本說明書中的有機發光裝置可使用所屬領域中已知的材料以及方法製造,但有機材料層中的一或多個層包含本說明書的化合物,亦即化學式1之化合物。
當有機發光裝置包含多個有機材料層時,有機材料層可由彼此相同或不同的材料形成。
本說明書中的有機發光裝置可使用所屬領域中已知的材料以及方法製造,但其中有機材料層中的一或多個層包含化學式1之化合物,亦即由化學式1表示之化合物。
舉例而言,本說明書中的有機發光裝置可藉由在基板上連續層壓第一電極、有機材料層以及第二電極來製造。本文中,有機發光裝置可如下製造:使用物理氣相沈積(physical vapor deposition,PVD)方法(諸如濺鍍或電子束蒸發),藉由沈積金屬、具有導電性的金屬氧化物或其合金而在基板上形成陽極;且在其上形成包含電洞注入層、電洞轉移層、發光層以及電子轉移層的有機材料層;且接著在其上沈積能夠用作陰極的材料。除這種方法之外,有機發光裝置亦可藉由在基板上連續沈積陰極材料、有機材料層以及陽極材料來製造。
另外,當製造有機發光裝置時,化學式1之化合物可使用溶液塗佈法以及真空沈積法形成有機材料層。本文中,溶液塗佈法意謂旋塗、浸塗、刀片刮抹、噴墨印刷、絲網印刷、噴霧方法、滾塗法及其類似法,但不限於此。
除這種方法以外,有機發光裝置亦可藉由在基板上連續沈積陰極材料、有機材料層以及陽極材料來製造(國際專利申請案特許公開案第2003/012890號)。然而,製造方法不限於此。
在本說明書的一個實施例中,第一電極為陽極,且第二電極為陰極。
在另一個實施例中,第一電極為陰極,且第二電極為陽極。
作為陽極材料,具有較大功函數之材料通常較佳,以便電洞順利注入有機材料層中。能夠在本發明中使用之陽極材料之具體實例包含金屬,諸如釩、鉻、銅、鋅以及金或其合金;金屬氧化物,諸如氧化鋅、氧化銦、氧化銦錫(indium tin oxide;ITO)以及氧化銦鋅(indium zinc oxide;IZO);金屬與氧化物之組合,諸如ZnO:Al或SNO2
:Sb;導電聚合物,諸如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(伸乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩](PEDOT)、聚吡咯以及聚苯胺,但不限於此。
作為陰極材料,具有較小功函數之材料通常較佳,以便電子順利注入有機材料層中。能夠在本發明中使用之陰極材料的具體實例包含金屬,諸如鎂、鈣、鈉、鉀、鈦、銦、釔、鋰、釓、鋁、銀、錫以及鉛,或其合金;多層結構材料,諸如LiF/Al或LiO2
/Al,及其類似物,但不限於此。
電洞注入層為自電極注入電洞之層,且電洞注入材料較佳為具有轉移電洞之能力的化合物,因此在陽極中具有電洞注入效果,對發光層或發光材料具有極佳電洞注入效果,防止發光層中所產生之激子移動至電子注入層或電子注入材料中,且另外,具有極佳的薄膜形成能力。電洞注入材料之最高佔用分子軌域(highest occupied molecular orbital;HOMO)較佳在陽極材料之功函數與周圍有機材料層之HOMO之間。電洞注入材料之具體實例包含金屬卟啉、寡聚噻吩、芳胺類有機材料、己腈六氮雜聯伸三苯類有機材料、喹吖啶酮類有機材料、苝類有機材料、蒽醌以及聚苯胺及聚噻吩類導電聚合物,以及其類似物,但不限於此。
電洞轉移層為自電洞注入層接收電洞且將電洞轉移至發光層之層,且作為電洞轉移材料,能夠自陽極或電洞注入層接收電洞、使電洞移動至發光層且具有高電洞遷移率之材料為適合的。其具體實例包含芳胺類有機材料、導電聚合物、具有共軛部分及非共軛部分在一起之嵌段共聚物以及其類似物,但不限於此。
發光材料是一種藉由接收分別來自電洞轉移層及電子轉移層的電洞及電子且使電洞與電子結合而能夠發射可見光區域中之光的材料,且較佳為具有有利的螢光或磷光量子效率的材料。其具體實例包含8-羥基-喹啉鋁錯合物(Alq3
);咔唑類化合物;二聚苯乙烯基化合物;BAlq;10-羥基苯并喹啉金屬化合物;苯并噁唑類化合物、苯并噻唑類化合物以及苯并咪唑類化合物;聚(對伸苯基伸乙烯基)(PPV)類聚合物;螺環接化合物;聚茀、紅螢烯以及其類似物,但不限於此。
發光層可以包含主體材料及摻雜材料。主體材料包含稠合芳族環衍生物、含雜環化合物或其類似物。具體言之,稠合的芳族環衍生物包含蒽衍生物、芘衍生物、萘衍生物、稠五苯衍生物、菲化合物、丙二烯合茀化合物及其類似物,且含雜環化合物包含咔唑衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物、梯型呋喃化合物、嘧啶衍生物及其類似物,但材料不限於此。
摻雜材料包含芳族胺衍生物、苯乙烯基胺化合物、硼錯合物、丙二烯合茀化合物、金屬錯合物及其類似物。具體言之,芳族胺衍生物為具有經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基之稠合芳族環衍生物且包含含有芳基胺基的芘、蒽、屈、二茚并苝及其類似物,且苯乙烯基胺化合物為其中經取代或未經取代之芳基胺經至少一個芳基乙烯基取代的化合物,且一個、兩個或超過兩個由芳基、矽烷基、烷基、環烷基以及芳基胺基所構成的族群中選出之取代基經取代或未經取代。具體言之,包含苯乙烯基胺、苯乙烯基二胺、苯乙烯基三胺、苯乙烯基四胺或其類似物,但苯乙烯基胺化合物不限於此。此外,金屬錯合物包括銥錯合物、鉑錯合物或其類似物,但不限於此。
電子轉移層為接收來自電子注入層之電子且將電子轉移至發光層之層,且作為電子轉移材料,能夠順利地接收來自陰極之電子、使電子移動至發光層且具有高電子遷移率之材料為適合的。其具體實例包含8-羥基喹啉之Al錯合物;包含Alq3
之錯合物;有機基團化合物;羥基黃酮金屬錯合物以及其類似物,但不限於此。電子轉移層可與所屬領域中所用的任何所需陰極材料一起使用。特定言之,適合陰極材料之實例包括具有較小功函數之常用材料,且其中鋁層或銀層符合要求。具體言之,陰極材料包含銫、鋇、鈣、鐿以及釤,且在各種情況下,鋁層或銀層符合要求。
電子注入層為注入來自電極之電子的層,且電子注入材料較佳為具有轉移電子之能力、具有陰極之電子注入效應、對發光層或發光材料具有極佳電子注入效應、防止發光層中所產生之激子移動至電洞注入層中且另外具有極佳薄膜形成能力的化合物。其具體實例包含茀酮、蒽醌二甲烷、聯苯醌、硫哌喃二氧化物、噁唑、噁二唑、三唑、咪唑、苝四甲酸、亞茀基甲烷、蒽酮或其類似物及其衍生物、金屬錯合物化合物、含氮5員環衍生物及其類似物,但不限於此。
金屬錯合物化合物包含8-羥基喹啉鋰、雙(8-羥基喹啉)鋅、雙(8-羥基喹啉)銅、雙(8-羥基喹啉)錳、參(8-羥基喹啉)鋁、參(2-甲基-8-羥基喹啉)鋁、參(8-羥基喹啉)鎵、雙(10-羥基苯并[h]喹啉)鈹、雙(10-羥基苯并[h]喹啉)鋅、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)氯鎵、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(鄰甲酚)鎵、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(1-萘)鋁、雙(2-甲基-8-喹啉)(2-萘)鎵及其類似物,但不限於此。
視所用材料而定,根據本說明書之有機發光裝置可為頂發射型、底發射型或雙發射型。
由化學式1表示之化合物的製備以及包含其之有機發光裝置的製造將參照以下實例具體描述。然而,以下實例僅出於說明之目的,且本說明書的範圍不限於此。< 製備實例 1>
以下化合物1的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(5.31 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於230 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌5小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用270 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物1(10.36 g,88%)。 MS[M+H]+
=712< 製備實例 2>
以下化合物2的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及2-氯-4,6-二苯基嘧啶(5.31 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於250 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌4小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用230 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物2(9.78 g,83%)。 MS[M+H]+
=711< 製備實例 3>
以下化合物3的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及4-氯-2,6-二苯基嘧啶(5.31 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於260 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌3小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用240 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物3(8.65 g,74%)。 MS[M+H]+
=711< 製備實例 4>
以下化合物4的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及2-氯-4,6-二苯基吡啶(3.1 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於280 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌2小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用280 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物4(7.74 g,66%)。 MS[M+H]+
=710< 製備實例 5>
以下化合物5的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及2-(4-氯苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(6.51 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於250 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌5小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用300 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物5(10.36 g,88%)。 MS[M+H]+
=788< 製備實例 6>
以下化合物6的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及2-氯-4-苯基喹唑啉(4.57 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於250 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌6小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用230 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物6(9.95 g,74%)。 MS[M+H]+
=685< 製備實例 7>
以下化合物7的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及3-溴-9-苯基-9H-咔唑(6.09 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於250 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加四-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且加熱所得物且攪拌6小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用230 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物7(12.05 g,85%)。 MS[M+H]+
=722< 製備實例 8>
以下化合物8的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及(4-溴苯基)二苯基氧化膦(7.71 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於250 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌4小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用310 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物8(13.97 g,94%)。 MS[M+H]+
=757< 製備實例 9>
以下化合物9的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)以及2-(4-溴苯基)-1-苯基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑(7.71 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於250 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌4小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用310 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物9(12.24 g,83%)。 MS[M+H]+
=749< 製備實例 10>
以下化合物10的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)及2-溴二苯并[b,d]呋喃(4.69 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於290 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌3小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用230 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物10(7.53 g,59%)。 MS[M+H]+
=647< 製備實例 11>
以下化合物11的化合物合成
在氮氣氛圍下,在500 ml圓底燒瓶中,將化合物B-1(10.0 g,16.50 mmol)及2-溴二苯并[b,d]噻吩(4.99 g,18.98 mmol)完全溶解於290 ml四氫呋喃中之後,向其中添加2 M碳酸鉀水溶液(125 ml)且接著添加肆-(三苯基膦)鈀(0.19 g,0.17 mmol),且所得物加熱且攪拌3小時。將溫度降低至室溫,移除水層,且所得物經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,真空濃縮,且接著用230 ml乙酸乙酯再結晶,製得化合物11(7.53 g,59%)。 MS[M+H]+
=663< 製備實例 12> 至 < 製備實例 22>
化合物12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21以及22是以與製備實例1至製備實例11相同之方式製備,但其中使用化合物C-1而非化合物B-1作為起始物質。 [表1] < 製備實例 23> 至 < 製備實例 33>
化合物23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32以及33是以與製備實例1至製備實例11相同之方式製備,但其中使用化合物D-1而非化合物B-1作為起始物質。 [表2] < 製備實例 34> 至 < 製備實例 44>
化合物34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43以及44是以與製備實例1至製備實例11相同之方式製備,但其中使用化合物A-1而非化合物B-1作為起始材料。 [表3] < 實例 1>
合成實例中所合成的化合物使用通常已知的方法進行高純度昇華純化,且接著使用如下方法製造綠色有機發光裝置。
將上面塗有1,000 Å厚度之氧化銦錫(ITO)薄膜的玻璃基板放入溶有清潔劑之蒸餾水中且進行超音波清潔。本文中,使用Fischer Co.之產品作為清潔劑且且使用經Millipore Co.製造之過濾器過濾兩次之蒸餾水作為蒸餾水。將ITO清潔30分鐘之後,使用蒸餾水重複進行超音波清潔兩次持續10分鐘。用蒸餾水清潔完成之後,用異丙醇、丙酮以及甲醇之溶劑對基板進行超音波清潔,接著乾燥且接著轉移至電漿清潔器中。此外,使用氧電漿清潔基板5分鐘,且接著轉移至真空沈積器中。
使用CBP作為主體,在如上製備的ITO透明電極上以m-MTDATA(60 nm)/TCTA(80 nm)/CBP + 10% Ir(ppy)3
(300 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq3
(30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(200 nm)的次序形成發光元件來製造有機發光裝置。
m-MTDATA、TCTA、Ir(ppy)3 、
CBP以及BCP之結構如下。 < 實例 1-1>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物1而非CBP。< 實例 1-2>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物2而非CBP。< 實例 1-3>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物3而非CBP。< 實例 1-4>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物4而非CBP。< 實例 1-5>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物5而非CBP。< 實例 1-6>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物12而非CBP。< 實例 1-7>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物13而非CBP。< 實例 1-8>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物14而非CBP。< 實例 1-9>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物15而非CBP。< 實例 1-10>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物16而非CBP。< 實例 1-11>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物23而非CBP。< 實例 1-12>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物24而非CBP。< 實例 1-13>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物25而非CBP。< 實例 1-14>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物26而非CBP。< 實例 1-15>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物27而非CBP。< 實例 1-16>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物34而非CBP。< 實例 1-17>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物35而非CBP。< 實例 1-18>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物36而非CBP。< 實例 1-19>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物37而非CBP。< 實例 1-20>
有機發光裝置是以與實例1相同之方式製造,但其中使用化合物38而非CBP。
當對實例1以及實例1-1至實例1-20中所製造的有機發光裝置施加電流時,獲得表4的結果。 [表4]
根據測試結果,相較於使用現有CBP之實例1的綠色有機發光裝置,已鑑別出使用根據本發明之化合物作為發光層主體材料的實例1-1至實例1-20之綠色有機發光裝置就電流效率以及驅動電壓而言展現優良效能。特定言之,發現具有三嗪、嘧啶或吡啶作為取代基的化合物適用於綠色有機發光裝置。< 實例 2>
使用通常已知的方法對製備實例中合成之化合物進行高純度昇華純化,且接著使用如下方法製造紅色有機發光裝置。
將ITO玻璃圖案化以使得發光區域變為2 mm×2 mm尺寸,且接著清潔。將基板安裝於真空室中之後,將基礎壓力設定為1×10-6
托,且作為ITO上的有機材料,形成DNTPD層(700 Å)以及α-NPB層(300 Å),且藉由使用CBP作為主體(90 wt%)且真空沈積(300 Å)以下(piq)2
Ir(acac)(10 wt%)作為摻雜劑來製備發光層。隨後,以此次序形成Alq3
層(350 Å)、LiF層(5 Å)以及Al層(1,000 Å),且測量所述裝置在0.4 mA的特性。
DNTPD、α-NPB、(piq)2
Ir(acac)以及Alq3
之結構如下。 < 實例 2-1> 至 < 實例 2-4>
有機發光裝置是以與實例2相同之方式製造,但分別使用上述製備實例中所製備的化合物7、化合物18、化合物29以及化合物40而非CBP。
對於根據實例2-1至實例2-4以及實例2中所製造的有機發光裝置而言,測量電壓、電流密度、亮度、色彩座標以及壽命,且結果顯示於下表5中。T95意謂亮度減小至其初始亮度(5,000尼特)之95%所用的時間。 [表5]
根據測試結果,相較於使用現有CBP之實例2的紅色有機發光裝置,已鑑別出使用根據本發明所製備之由化合物7、化合物18、化合物29以及化合物40表示之化合物作為發光層主體材料的實例2-1至實例2-4之紅色有機發光裝置就電流效率、驅動電壓以及壽命而言展現優良效能。特定言之,發現具有咔唑作為取代基的化合物適用於紅色有機發光裝置。< 實例 3-1>
將上面塗有1,000 Å厚度之氧化銦錫(ITO)薄膜的玻璃基板放入溶有清潔劑之蒸餾水中且進行超音波清潔。本文中,使用Fischer Co.之產品作為清潔劑且且使用經Millipore Co.製造之過濾器過濾兩次之蒸餾水作為蒸餾水。將ITO清潔30分鐘之後,使用蒸餾水重複進行超音波清潔兩次持續10分鐘。用蒸餾水清潔完成之後,用異丙醇、丙酮以及甲醇之溶劑對基板進行超音波清潔,接著乾燥且接著轉移至電漿清潔器中。此外,使用氧電漿清潔基板5分鐘,且接著轉移至真空沈積器中。
在如上製備之透明ITO電極上,藉由熱真空沈積以下化學式之己腈六氮雜聯伸三苯(HAT)至500 Å之厚度來形成電洞注入層。 [HAT]
藉由真空沈積以下化合物4-4'-雙[N-(1-萘基)-N-苯基胺基]聯苯(NPB)(400 Å)(電洞轉移材料)而在電洞注入層上形成電洞轉移層。 [NPB]
隨後,藉由以25:1之重量比真空沈積如下所示之BH及BD而在電洞轉移層上形成發光層至300 Å之膜厚度。 [BH][BD][LiQ]
藉由以1:1之重量比真空沈積製備實例1中所製備之化合物1及化合物喹啉鋰(LiQ)而在發光層上形成電子注入及轉移層至300 Å之厚度。藉由依序沈積氟化鋰(LiF)至12 Å厚度及鋁至2,000 Å厚度而在電子注入及轉移層上形成陰極。
藉由在上述方法中,將有機材料之沈積速率維持在0.4 Å/sec至0.7 Å/sec,將陰極之氟化鋰及鋁之沈積速率分別維持在0.3 Å/sec及2 Å/sec,以及將沈積期間的真空度維持在2×10-7
托至5×10-6
托來製造有機發光裝置。< 實例 3-2>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物5而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-3>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但使用化合物8而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-4>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物9而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-5>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物12而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-6>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物16而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-7>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物19而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-8>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物20而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-9>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物23而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-10>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物27而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-11>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物30而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-12>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物31而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-13>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物34而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-14>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物38而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-15>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物41而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3-16>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物42而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。< 實例 3>
實驗是以與實例3-1相同之方式進行,但其中使用化合物ET 1而非化合物1作為電子轉移層。 [ET 1]
當對實例3-1至3-16以及實例3中所製造的有機發光裝置施加電流時,獲得表6的結果。 [表6]
如自表6所見,已鑑別出對實例3-1至3-16以及實例3進行比較時,電子轉移以及注入能力極佳。特定言之,發現具有三嗪、苯并咪唑或芳基氧化膦作為取代基的化合物適合作為有機發光裝置之材料。
上文中已描述本發明之較佳實施例(綠色發光層、紅色發光層、電子轉移層),然而本發明不限於此,且可在申請專利範圍以及實施方式之範圍內進行各種潤飾,且所述潤飾亦包含於本發明之範圍內。
1‧‧‧基板
2‧‧‧陽極
3‧‧‧發光層
4‧‧‧陰極
5‧‧‧電洞注入層
6‧‧‧電洞轉移層
7‧‧‧電子轉移層
圖1說明一種有機發光裝置,其經形成而具有基板(1)、陽極(2)、發光層(3)以及陰極(4)。 圖2說明一種有機發光裝置,其經形成而具有基板(1)、陽極(2)、電洞注入層(5)、電洞轉移層(6)、發光層(3)、電子轉移層(7)以及陰極(4)。
1‧‧‧基板
2‧‧‧陽極
3‧‧‧發光層
4‧‧‧陰極
Claims (17)
- 一種由以下化學式1表示的化合物: [化學式1]其中,在化學式1中, L為直接鍵;經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基, HAr為經取代或未經取代之雜環基;或經取代或未經取代之氧化膦基團, R1至R4彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為氫;氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;經取代或未經取代之胺基;經取代或未經取代之矽烷基;經取代或未經取代之硼基;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之環烷基;經取代或未經取代之烷氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之烯基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳烯基;經取代或未經取代之烷基芳基;經取代或未經取代之烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基膦基;經取代或未經取代之氧化膦基團;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基,或與相鄰基團鍵結而形成經取代或未經取代之環, a為整數0至7,b為整數0至7,c為整數0至5,d為整數0至4,n為整數0至10,且當a、b、c、d以及n各自為2或大於2時,括弧中的結構彼此相同或不同。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的化合物,其中化學式1是由以下化學式2至化學式5之一表示: [化學式2][化學式3][化學式4][化學式5]其中,在化學式2至化學式5中,取代基的定義與化學式1中相同。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的化合物,其中HAr為經取代或未經取代之吡啶基;經取代或未經取代之嘧啶基;經取代或未經取代之三嗪基;經取代或未經取代之呋喃基;經取代或未經取代之噻吩基;經取代或未經取代之噁二唑基;經取代或未經取代之噻二唑基;經取代或未經取代之啡啉基;經取代或未經取代之喹啉基;經取代或未經取代之異喹啉基;經取代或未經取代之喹唑啉基;經取代或未經取代之苯并噁唑基;經取代或未經取代之苯并噻唑基;經取代或未經取代之苯并咪唑基;經取代或未經取代之啡噁嗪基;經取代或未經取代之啡噻嗪基;經取代或未經取代之二苯并呋喃基;經取代或未經取代之二苯并噻吩基;經取代或未經取代之咔唑基;或經取代或未經取代之二芳基氧化膦基團。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的化合物,其中-(L)n-HAr是由以下結構式表示:其中,在所述結構式中, Ar1至Ar3彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基;經取代或未經取代之雜環基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;或經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基, L1為直接鍵、經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基,以及 所述結構未經取代或經一或多個由以下各者所構成的族群中選出之取代基取代:氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;經取代或未經取代之胺基;氧化膦基團;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫代氧基;芳基硫代氧基;烷基硫氧基;芳基硫氧基;矽烷基;硼基;烷基;環烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;雜芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基膦基;以及雜環基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的化合物,其中L為直接鍵;或由以下結構中選出:其中,在所述結構式中, A1與A2彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為氫;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基,或彼此鍵結而形成經取代或未經取代之環,以及 所述結構未經取代或經一或多個由以下各者所構成的族群中選出之取代基取代:氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;胺基;氧化膦基團;烷氧基;芳氧基;烷基硫代氧基;芳基硫代氧基;烷基硫氧基;芳基硫氧基;矽烷基;硼基;烷基;環烷基;烯基;芳基;芳烷基;芳烯基;烷基芳基;烷基胺基;芳烷基胺基;雜芳基胺基;芳基胺基;芳基膦基;以及雜環基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的化合物,其中所述化學式1之化合物為由以下結構式中選出的任一者: 。
- 一種有機發光裝置,包括: 第一電極; 第二電極,設置在所述第一電極對面;以及 一或多個有機材料層,其設置於所述第一電極與所述第二電極之間, 其中所述有機材料層中的一或多個層包含如申請專利範圍第1項至第6項中任一項所述的化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的有機發光裝置,其中所述有機材料層包含發光層,且所述發光層包含所述化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的有機發光裝置,其中所述發光層更包含發光摻雜劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的有機發光裝置,其中所述有機材料層包含電子注入層、電子轉移層,或同時進行電子轉移及電子注入之層,且所述電子注入層、所述電子轉移層或同時進行電子轉移及電子注入之所述層包含所述化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述的有機發光裝置,其中所述電子轉移層更包含n型摻雜劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的有機發光裝置,其中所述有機材料層包含電洞注入層、電洞轉移層、同時進行電洞注入以及轉移的層,或電子抑止層,且所述電洞注入層、所述電洞轉移層、同時進行電洞注入以及轉移的所述層或所述電子抑止層包含所述化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的有機發光裝置,其中所述有機材料層包含發光層,且所述發光層包含由以下化學式1-A表示之化合物: [化學式1-A]其中,在化學式1-A中, z1為1或大於1的整數,且當z1為2或大於2的整數時,括弧中的結構彼此相同或不同, Ar100為經取代或未經取代之單價或更高價苯并茀基;經取代或未經取代之單價或更高價螢蒽基;經取代或未經取代之單價或更高價芘基;或經取代或未經取代之單價或更高價屈基, L100為直接鍵;經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基,以及 R100與R101彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之矽烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳基烷基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基,或彼此鍵結而形成經取代或未經取代之環。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述的有機發光裝置,其中z1為2,Ar100為二價芘基,L100為直接鍵,且R100與R101彼此相同或不同且各自獨立地為未經取代或經烷基鍺基取代之芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的有機發光裝置,其中所述有機材料層包含發光層,且所述發光層包含由以下化學式1-B表示之化合物: [化學式1-B]其中,在化學式1-B中, Ar101與Ar102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基, L101與L102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基, R102為氫;氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;經取代或未經取代之胺基;經取代或未經取代之矽烷基;經取代或未經取代之硼基;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之環烷基;經取代或未經取代之烷氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之烯基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳烯基;經取代或未經取代之烷基芳基;經取代或未經取代之烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基膦基;經取代或未經取代之氧化膦基團;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基, z2與z3彼此相同或不同且各自獨立地為整數1或2,z4為整數0到8,且當z2至z4為2或大於2時,括弧中的取代基彼此相同或不同,以及 m為1或大於1的整數,且當m為2或大於2的整數時,括弧中的取代基彼此相同或不同。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項所述的有機發光裝置,其中Ar101為2-萘基,Ar102為苯基,L101為伸苯基,L102為直接鍵,z2為1,R102為氫,且m為1。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述的有機發光裝置,其中所述發光層包含由以下化學式1-B表示之化合物: [化學式1-B]其中,在化學式1-B中, Ar101與Ar102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基, L101與L102彼此相同或不同,且各自獨立地為直接鍵;經取代或未經取代之伸芳基;或經取代或未經取代之伸雜芳基, R102為氫;氘;鹵基;腈基;硝基;羥基;羰基;酯基;醯亞胺基團;經取代或未經取代之胺基;經取代或未經取代之矽烷基;經取代或未經取代之硼基;經取代或未經取代之烷基;經取代或未經取代之環烷基;經取代或未經取代之烷氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫代氧基;經取代或未經取代之烷基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之芳基硫氧基;經取代或未經取代之烯基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基;經取代或未經取代之芳烯基;經取代或未經取代之烷基芳基;經取代或未經取代之烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳烷基胺基;經取代或未經取代之雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基雜芳基胺基;經取代或未經取代之芳基膦基;經取代或未經取代之氧化膦基團;經取代或未經取代之芳基;或經取代或未經取代之雜環基, z2與z3彼此相同或不同且各自獨立地為整數1或2,z4為整數0到8,且當z2至z4為2或大於2時,括弧中的取代基彼此相同或不同,以及 m為1或大於1的整數,且當m為2或大於2的整數時,括弧中的取代基彼此相同或不同。
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